Add become example

.gitlab-ci.yml

@@ -21,4 +21,4 @@ test:
   tags:
     - cs320
   script:
-    - sbt "runMain lecture1.javaThreads; runMain lecture1.scalaThreadWrapper; runMain lecture1.ExampleThread; runMain lecture3.intersectionWrong; runMain lecture3.intersectionCorrect; runMain lecture3.intersectionNoSideEffect; runMain lecture3.parallelGraphContraction; runMain lecture3.parallelGraphContractionCorrect; runMain midterm22.mock1; runMain midterm22.part3; runMain ed.patternMatching; runMain lecture13.askPatternDemo; test; scalafmtCheck; Test / scalafmtCheck"
+    - sbt "runMain lecture1.javaThreads; runMain lecture1.scalaThreadWrapper; runMain lecture1.ExampleThread; runMain lecture3.intersectionWrong; runMain lecture3.intersectionCorrect; runMain lecture3.intersectionNoSideEffect; runMain lecture3.parallelGraphContraction; runMain lecture3.parallelGraphContractionCorrect; runMain midterm22.mock1; runMain midterm22.part3; runMain ed.patternMatching; runMain lecture13.askPatternDemo; test; runMain lecture13.becomeDemo; scalafmtCheck; Test / scalafmtCheck"

src/main/scala/lecture13/Become.scala

+package lecture13
+
+import akka.actor.{Actor, ActorContext, ActorRef, ActorSystem, Props}
+import akka.event.LoggingReceive
+import akka.testkit.{ImplicitSender, TestKit}
+
+class CounterRight extends Actor:
+  def counter(n: Int): Receive = {
+    case "increment" => context.become(counter(n + 1), discardOld = false)
+    //                                                 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+    //                                                 This is needed.
+    case "get"       => sender() ! n
+    case "decrement" => if n != 0 then context.unbecome()
+  }
+  def receive = counter(0)
+
+class CounterWrong extends Actor:
+  def counter(n: Int): Receive = {
+    case "increment" => context.become(counter(n + 1))
+    case "get"       => sender() ! n
+    case "decrement" => if n != 0 then context.unbecome()
+  }
+  def receive = counter(0)
+
+@main def becomeDemo() =
+  new TestKit(ActorSystem("DebugSystem")) with ImplicitSender:
+    try
+      val counter = system.actorOf(Props(CounterRight()), "counter")
+
+      counter ! "increment"
+      counter ! "get"
+      expectMsg(1)
+
+      counter ! "increment"
+      counter ! "get"
+      expectMsg(2)
+
+      counter ! "decrement"
+      counter ! "get"
+      expectMsg(1)
+      // This is wrong if we use CounterWrong because it doesn't set the
+      // discardOld parameter to false. Therefore, it will not remember the
+      // previous state and reset the behavior to the initial one, which is
+      // `counter(0)`.
+
+      counter ! "decrement"
+      counter ! "get"
+      expectMsg(0)
+    finally shutdown(system)