diff --git a/exercises/exercise-4.md b/exercises/exercise-4.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..018df7d4dc393ffa7f6848f30be6f060463cd696 --- /dev/null +++ b/exercises/exercise-4.md @@ -0,0 +1,95 @@ +# Exercise 4 +## Problem 1: Implementing `map` and `filter` on Futures + +In this exercise, you will come up with an implementation of the `map` and `filter` methods of `MyFuture`. The `MyFuture` trait is a simplified version of the `Future` trait from the Scala standard library, with a single abstract method: + +```scala +trait MyFuture[+T]: + def onComplete(callback: Try[T] => Unit): Unit +``` + +First of all, spend some time as a group to make sure that you understand what those methods are supposed to do. Then, complete the following code to implement the two methods: + +```scala +extension [T](self: MyFuture[T]) + def map[S](f: T => S): MyFuture[S] = ??? + +extension [T](self: MyFuture[T]) + def filter(p: T => Boolean): MyFuture[T] = ??? +``` + +In the case of `filter`, if the original `MyFuture` successfully returns a value which does not satisfy the predicate, the new `MyFuture` should return a `Failure` containing a `NoSuchElementException`. + +See: +- [`Try` API documentation](https://dotty.epfl.ch/api/scala/util/Try.html) +- [`Future` API documentation](https://dotty.epfl.ch/api/scala/concurrent/Future.html) +- [Futures and Promises guide](https://docs.scala-lang.org/overviews/core/futures.html) + +## Problem 2: Coordinator / Worker + +In this exercise, you will implement a Coordinator / Worker actor system, in which one actor, the coordinator, dispatches work to other actors, the workers. Between the coordinator and the workers, only two kinds of messages are sent: `Request` and `Ready` messages. + +```scala +enum Message: + case Request(computation: () => Unit) + case Ready +``` + +<details> + <summary><em>Note:</em> <code>enum</code> syntax</summary> + +Enumerations are the Scala 3 idiomatic syntax to define algebraic data +types (ADTs). The code below is desugared to something equivalent to: + +```scala +trait Message +case class Request(computation: () => Unit) extends Message +object Ready extends Message +``` + +which is the syntax used in the lecture videos. + +See: +- [Translation of Enums and ADTs]( + https://docs.scala-lang.org/scala3/reference/enums/desugarEnums.html) +- [Enums slides from CS210](https://gitlab.epfl.ch/lamp/cs210/-/blob/master/slides/progfun1-4-4.pdf) + +</details> + +--- + +The coordinator actor sends `Request` messages to workers to request them to perform some computation (passed as an argument of `Request`). Upon reception of a `Request`, a worker should perform the computation. Workers should send a `Ready` message to their coordinator whenever they finish executing the requested computation, and also right after they are created. + +The coordinator actor itself receives requests through `Request` messages from clients. The coordinator actor should then dispatch the work to worker actors. The coordinator should however never send a request to a worker which has not declared itself ready via a `Ready` message beforehand. + +Implement the `Coordinator` and `Worker` classes. + +```scala +class Coordinator extends Actor: + ??? + override def receive = ??? + +class Worker(coordinator: Coordinator) extends Actor: + ??? + override def receive = ??? +``` + +An example system using the `Coordinator` and `Worker` actors is shown below. + +```scala +@main def problem2 = new TestKit(ActorSystem("coordinator-workers")) with ImplicitSender: + try + val coordinator = system.actorOf(Props(Coordinator()), "coordinator") + val workers = Seq.tabulate(4)(i => + system.actorOf(Props(Worker(coordinator)), f"worker$i") + ) + + // Now, clients should be able to send requests to the coordinator… + coordinator ! Request(() => println(3 + 5)) + coordinator ! Request(() => println(67 * 3)) + // And so on... + finally shutdown(system) + +``` + +*Hint*: In order to fulfill its job, the coordinator should remember which workers are ready and what requests are still to be allocated to a worker.