diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final01/.gitignore b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final01/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d094868cd9b4b92462501f0510a8bf72881ec542
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final01/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+*.DS_Store
+*.swp
+*~
+*.class
+*.tasty
+target/
+logs/
+.bloop
+.bsp
+.dotty-ide-artifact
+.dotty-ide.json
+.idea
+.metals
+.vscode
+*.csv
+*.dat
+metals.sbt
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/assignment.sbt b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final01/assignment.sbt
similarity index 55%
rename from previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/assignment.sbt
rename to previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final01/assignment.sbt
index da7eb3c8347293a18da0025fcd6060d8f8f7cc11..d38b4f897512c8645042d6a12a0c33c5584828c3 100644
--- a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/assignment.sbt
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final01/assignment.sbt
@@ -1,2 +1,5 @@
// Student tasks (i.e. submit, packageSubmission)
enablePlugins(StudentTasks)
+
+assignmentVersion.withRank(KeyRanks.Invisible) := "eadbf7a6"
+
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final01/build.sbt b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final01/build.sbt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8296da33001986056a2bf7795d99dff74bd23000
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final01/build.sbt
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+course := "concpar"
+assignment := "concpar21final01"
+scalaVersion := "3.1.0"
+
+scalacOptions ++= Seq("-language:implicitConversions")
+libraryDependencies += "org.scalameta" %% "munit" % "1.0.0-M3" % Test
+
+enablePlugins(PlayScala)
+disablePlugins(PlayLayoutPlugin)
+
+libraryDependencies := libraryDependencies.value.map(dep =>
+ if(dep.organization == "com.typesafe.play") dep.cross(CrossVersion.for3Use2_13)
+ else dep
+)
+
+val MUnitFramework = new TestFramework("munit.Framework")
+testFrameworks += MUnitFramework
+// Decode Scala names
+testOptions += Tests.Argument(MUnitFramework, "-s")
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f1/project/StudentTasks.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final01/project/CourseraStudent.scala
similarity index 57%
rename from previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f1/project/StudentTasks.scala
rename to previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final01/project/CourseraStudent.scala
index c4669afe82dd2b45651f94dcad9e736f29d21432..0d5da7fa7f25c17bb2a559138862b471f38788bf 100644
--- a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f1/project/StudentTasks.scala
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final01/project/CourseraStudent.scala
@@ -2,143 +2,63 @@ package ch.epfl.lamp
import sbt._
import Keys._
-
-// import scalaj.http._
-import java.io.{File, FileInputStream, IOException}
-import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64
-// import play.api.libs.json.{Json, JsObject, JsPath}
import scala.util.{Failure, Success, Try}
+import scalaj.http._
+import play.api.libs.json.{Json, JsObject, JsPath}
/**
- * Provides tasks for submitting the assignment
- */
-object StudentTasks extends AutoPlugin {
-
- override def requires = super.requires && MOOCSettings
+ * Coursera uses two versions of each assignment. They both have the same assignment key and part id but have
+ * different item ids.
+ *
+ * @param key Assignment key
+ * @param partId Assignment partId
+ * @param itemId Item id of the non premium version
+ * @param premiumItemId Item id of the premium version (`None` if the assignment is optional)
+ */
+case class CourseraId(courseId: String, key: String, partId: String, itemId: String, premiumItemId: Option[String])
- object autoImport {
- val packageSourcesOnly = TaskKey[File]("packageSourcesOnly", "Package the sources of the project")
- val packageBinWithoutResources = TaskKey[File]("packageBinWithoutResources", "Like packageBin, but without the resources")
- val packageSubmissionZip = TaskKey[File]("packageSubmissionZip")
- val packageSubmission = inputKey[Unit]("package solution as an archive file")
- lazy val Grading = config("grading") extend(Runtime)
- }
+object CourseraStudent extends AutoPlugin {
+ override def requires = super.requires && MOOCSettings
- import autoImport._
+ object autoImport {
+ val options = SettingKey[Map[String, Map[String, String]]]("options")
+ val courseraId = settingKey[CourseraId]("Coursera-specific information identifying the assignment")
+ // Convenient alias
+ type CourseraId = ch.epfl.lamp.CourseraId
+ val CourseraId = ch.epfl.lamp.CourseraId
+ }
+
+ import StudentTasks.autoImport._
import MOOCSettings.autoImport._
+ import autoImport._
override lazy val projectSettings = Seq(
- packageSubmissionSetting,
- fork := true,
- connectInput in run := true,
- outputStrategy := Some(StdoutOutput),
- ) ++
- packageSubmissionZipSettings ++
- inConfig(Grading)(Defaults.testSettings ++ Seq(
- unmanagedJars += file("grading-tests.jar"),
-
- definedTests := (definedTests in Test).value,
- internalDependencyClasspath := (internalDependencyClasspath in Test).value
- ))
-
-
- /** **********************************************************
- * SUBMITTING A SOLUTION TO COURSERA
- */
-
- val packageSubmissionZipSettings = Seq(
- packageSubmissionZip := {
- val submission = crossTarget.value / "submission.zip"
- val sources = (packageSourcesOnly in Compile).value
- val binaries = (packageBinWithoutResources in Compile).value
- IO.zip(Seq(sources -> "sources.zip", binaries -> "binaries.jar"), submission, None)
- submission
- },
- artifactClassifier in packageSourcesOnly := Some("sources"),
- artifact in (Compile, packageBinWithoutResources) ~= (art => art.withName(art.name + "-without-resources"))
- ) ++
- inConfig(Compile)(
- Defaults.packageTaskSettings(packageSourcesOnly, Defaults.sourceMappings) ++
- Defaults.packageTaskSettings(packageBinWithoutResources, Def.task {
- val relativePaths =
- (unmanagedResources in Compile).value.flatMap(Path.relativeTo((unmanagedResourceDirectories in Compile).value)(_))
- (mappings in (Compile, packageBin)).value.filterNot { case (_, path) => relativePaths.contains(path) }
- })
+ submitSetting,
)
- val maxSubmitFileSize = {
- val mb = 1024 * 1024
- 10 * mb
- }
-
- /** Check that the jar exists, isn't empty, isn't crazy big, and can be read
- * If so, encode jar as base64 so we can send it to Coursera
- */
- def prepareJar(jar: File, s: TaskStreams): String = {
- val errPrefix = "Error submitting assignment jar: "
- val fileLength = jar.length()
- if (!jar.exists()) {
- s.log.error(errPrefix + "jar archive does not exist\n" + jar.getAbsolutePath)
- failSubmit()
- } else if (fileLength == 0L) {
- s.log.error(errPrefix + "jar archive is empty\n" + jar.getAbsolutePath)
- failSubmit()
- } else if (fileLength > maxSubmitFileSize) {
- s.log.error(errPrefix + "jar archive is too big. Allowed size: " +
- maxSubmitFileSize + " bytes, found " + fileLength + " bytes.\n" +
- jar.getAbsolutePath)
- failSubmit()
- } else {
- val bytes = new Array[Byte](fileLength.toInt)
- val sizeRead = try {
- val is = new FileInputStream(jar)
- val read = is.read(bytes)
- is.close()
- read
- } catch {
- case ex: IOException =>
- s.log.error(errPrefix + "failed to read sources jar archive\n" + ex.toString)
- failSubmit()
- }
- if (sizeRead != bytes.length) {
- s.log.error(errPrefix + "failed to read the sources jar archive, size read: " + sizeRead)
- failSubmit()
- } else encodeBase64(bytes)
- }
- }
-
- /** Task to package solution to a given file path */
- lazy val packageSubmissionSetting = packageSubmission := {
- val args: Seq[String] = Def.spaceDelimited("[path]").parsed
- val s: TaskStreams = streams.value // for logging
- val jar = (packageSubmissionZip in Compile).value
-
- val base64Jar = prepareJar(jar, s)
-
- val path = args.headOption.getOrElse((baseDirectory.value / "submission.jar").absolutePath)
- scala.tools.nsc.io.File(path).writeAll(base64Jar)
- }
-
-/*
/** Task to submit a solution to coursera */
val submit = inputKey[Unit]("submit solution to Coursera")
lazy val submitSetting = submit := {
// Fail if scalafix linting does not pass.
- scalafixLinting.value
+ StudentTasks.scalafixLinting.value
val args: Seq[String] = Def.spaceDelimited("<arg>").parsed
val s: TaskStreams = streams.value // for logging
- val jar = (packageSubmissionZip in Compile).value
+ val jar = (Compile / packageSubmissionZip).value
val assignmentDetails =
courseraId.?.value.getOrElse(throw new MessageOnlyException("This assignment can not be submitted to Coursera because the `courseraId` setting is undefined"))
val assignmentKey = assignmentDetails.key
val courseName =
course.value match {
- case "capstone" => "scala-capstone"
+ case "progfun1" => "scala-functional-programming"
+ case "progfun2" => "scala-functional-program-design"
+ case "parprog1" => "scala-parallel-programming"
case "bigdata" => "scala-spark-big-data"
+ case "capstone" => "scala-capstone"
+ case "reactive" => "scala-akka-reactive"
case other => other
}
@@ -166,10 +86,10 @@ object StudentTasks extends AutoPlugin {
}
""".stripMargin
s.log.error(inputErr)
- failSubmit()
+ StudentTasks.failSubmit()
}
- val base64Jar = prepareJar(jar, s)
+ val base64Jar = StudentTasks.prepareJar(jar, s)
val json =
s"""|{
| "assignmentKey":"$assignmentKey",
@@ -288,16 +208,5 @@ object StudentTasks extends AutoPlugin {
}
}
-*/
-
- def failSubmit(): Nothing = {
- sys.error("Submission failed")
- }
- /**
- * *****************
- * DEALING WITH JARS
- */
- def encodeBase64(bytes: Array[Byte]): String =
- new String(Base64.encodeBase64(bytes))
}
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final01/project/MOOCSettings.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final01/project/MOOCSettings.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..347cc6e5d59073cf532986c82151cbc44887108f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final01/project/MOOCSettings.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+package ch.epfl.lamp
+
+import sbt._
+import sbt.Keys._
+
+/**
+ * Settings shared by all assignments, reused in various tasks.
+ */
+object MOOCSettings extends AutoPlugin {
+
+ object autoImport {
+ val course = SettingKey[String]("course")
+ val assignment = SettingKey[String]("assignment")
+ val datasetUrl = settingKey[String]("URL of the dataset used for testing")
+ val downloadDataset = taskKey[File]("Download the dataset required for the assignment")
+ val assignmentVersion = settingKey[String]("Hash string indicating the version of the assignment")
+ }
+
+ import autoImport._
+
+ lazy val downloadDatasetDef = downloadDataset := {
+ val logger = streams.value.log
+
+ datasetUrl.?.value match {
+ case Some(url) =>
+
+ import scalaj.http.Http
+ import sbt.io.IO
+ val dest = (Compile / resourceManaged).value / assignment.value / url.split("/").last
+ if (!dest.exists()) {
+ IO.touch(dest)
+ logger.info(s"Downloading $url")
+ val res = Http(url).method("GET")
+ val is = res.asBytes.body
+ IO.write(dest, is)
+ }
+ dest
+ case None =>
+ logger.info(s"No dataset defined in datasetUrl")
+ throw new sbt.MessageOnlyException("No dataset to download for this assignment")
+ }
+ }
+
+ override val projectSettings: Seq[Def.Setting[_]] = Seq(
+ downloadDatasetDef,
+ Test / parallelExecution := false,
+ // Report test result after each test instead of waiting for every test to finish
+ Test / logBuffered := false,
+ name := s"${course.value}-${assignment.value}"
+ )
+}
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final01/project/StudentTasks.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final01/project/StudentTasks.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1ae03c11516a13a55e094a936b02fed588c2a9e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final01/project/StudentTasks.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+package ch.epfl.lamp
+
+import sbt._
+import Keys._
+import scalafix.sbt.ScalafixPlugin.autoImport._
+
+import java.io.{File, FileInputStream, IOException}
+import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64
+
+/**
+ * Provides tasks for submitting the assignment
+ */
+object StudentTasks extends AutoPlugin {
+
+ override def requires = super.requires && MOOCSettings
+
+ object autoImport {
+ val packageSourcesOnly = TaskKey[File]("packageSourcesOnly", "Package the sources of the project")
+ val packageBinWithoutResources = TaskKey[File]("packageBinWithoutResources", "Like packageBin, but without the resources")
+
+ val packageSubmissionZip = TaskKey[File]("packageSubmissionZip")
+
+ val packageSubmission = inputKey[Unit]("package solution as an archive file")
+ lazy val Grading = config("grading") extend(Runtime)
+ }
+
+ import autoImport._
+
+ // Run scalafix linting after compilation to avoid seeing parser errors twice
+ // Keep in sync with the use of scalafix in Grader
+ // (--exclude doesn't work (https://github.com/lampepfl-courses/moocs/pull/28#issuecomment-427894795)
+ // so we customize unmanagedSources below instead)
+ val scalafixLinting = Def.taskDyn {
+ if (new File(".scalafix.conf").exists()) {
+ (Compile / scalafix).toTask(" --check").dependsOn(Compile / compile)
+ } else Def.task(())
+ }
+
+ val testsJar = file("grading-tests.jar")
+
+ override lazy val projectSettings = Seq(
+ // Run scalafix linting in parallel with the tests
+ (Test / test) := {
+ scalafixLinting.value
+ (Test / test).value
+ },
+
+ packageSubmissionSetting,
+
+ fork := true,
+ run / connectInput := true,
+ outputStrategy := Some(StdoutOutput),
+ scalafixConfig := {
+ val scalafixDotConf = (baseDirectory.value / ".scalafix.conf")
+ if (scalafixDotConf.exists) Some(scalafixDotConf) else None
+ }
+ ) ++ packageSubmissionZipSettings ++ (
+ if(testsJar.exists) inConfig(Grading)(Defaults.testSettings ++ Seq(
+ unmanagedJars += testsJar,
+ definedTests := (Test / definedTests).value,
+ internalDependencyClasspath := (Test / internalDependencyClasspath).value,
+ managedClasspath := (Test / managedClasspath).value,
+ ))
+ else Nil
+ )
+
+ val packageSubmissionZipSettings = Seq(
+ packageSubmissionZip := {
+ val submission = crossTarget.value / "submission.zip"
+ val sources = (Compile / packageSourcesOnly).value
+ val binaries = (Compile / packageBinWithoutResources).value
+ IO.zip(Seq(sources -> "sources.zip", binaries -> "binaries.jar"), submission, None)
+ submission
+ },
+ packageSourcesOnly / artifactClassifier := Some("sources"),
+ Compile / packageBinWithoutResources / artifact ~= (art => art.withName(art.name + "-without-resources"))
+ ) ++
+ inConfig(Compile)(
+ Defaults.packageTaskSettings(packageSourcesOnly, Defaults.sourceMappings) ++
+ Defaults.packageTaskSettings(packageBinWithoutResources, Def.task {
+ val relativePaths =
+ (Compile / resources).value.flatMap(Path.relativeTo((Compile / resourceDirectories).value)(_))
+ (Compile / packageBin / mappings).value.filterNot { case (_, path) => relativePaths.contains(path) }
+ })
+ )
+
+ val maxSubmitFileSize = {
+ val mb = 1024 * 1024
+ 10 * mb
+ }
+
+ def prepareJar(jar: File, s: TaskStreams): String = {
+ val errPrefix = "Error submitting assignment jar: "
+ val fileLength = jar.length()
+ if (!jar.exists()) {
+ s.log.error(errPrefix + "jar archive does not exist\n" + jar.getAbsolutePath)
+ failSubmit()
+ } else if (fileLength == 0L) {
+ s.log.error(errPrefix + "jar archive is empty\n" + jar.getAbsolutePath)
+ failSubmit()
+ } else if (fileLength > maxSubmitFileSize) {
+ s.log.error(errPrefix + "jar archive is too big. Allowed size: " +
+ maxSubmitFileSize + " bytes, found " + fileLength + " bytes.\n" +
+ jar.getAbsolutePath)
+ failSubmit()
+ } else {
+ val bytes = new Array[Byte](fileLength.toInt)
+ val sizeRead = try {
+ val is = new FileInputStream(jar)
+ val read = is.read(bytes)
+ is.close()
+ read
+ } catch {
+ case ex: IOException =>
+ s.log.error(errPrefix + "failed to read sources jar archive\n" + ex.toString)
+ failSubmit()
+ }
+ if (sizeRead != bytes.length) {
+ s.log.error(errPrefix + "failed to read the sources jar archive, size read: " + sizeRead)
+ failSubmit()
+ } else encodeBase64(bytes)
+ }
+ }
+
+ /** Task to package solution to a given file path */
+ lazy val packageSubmissionSetting = packageSubmission := {
+ // Fail if scalafix linting does not pass.
+ scalafixLinting.value
+
+ val args: Seq[String] = Def.spaceDelimited("[path]").parsed
+ val s: TaskStreams = streams.value // for logging
+ val jar = (Compile / packageSubmissionZip).value
+
+ val base64Jar = prepareJar(jar, s)
+
+ val path = args.headOption.getOrElse((baseDirectory.value / "submission.jar").absolutePath)
+ scala.tools.nsc.io.File(path).writeAll(base64Jar)
+ }
+
+ def failSubmit(): Nothing = {
+ sys.error("Submission failed")
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * *****************
+ * DEALING WITH JARS
+ */
+ def encodeBase64(bytes: Array[Byte]): String =
+ new String(Base64.encodeBase64(bytes))
+}
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final01/project/build.properties b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final01/project/build.properties
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3161d2146c631009a4d731d13510aeaddc9cf47e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final01/project/build.properties
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+sbt.version=1.6.1
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final01/project/buildSettings.sbt b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final01/project/buildSettings.sbt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1d987356b002ed0ad6c32492aa0bf2532370edf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final01/project/buildSettings.sbt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// Used for Coursera submission (StudentPlugin)
+libraryDependencies += "org.scalaj" %% "scalaj-http" % "2.4.2"
+libraryDependencies += "com.typesafe.play" %% "play-json" % "2.9.2"
+// Used for Base64 (StudentPlugin)
+libraryDependencies += "commons-codec" % "commons-codec" % "1.15"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final01/project/plugins.sbt b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final01/project/plugins.sbt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3c7aad8964d825963f87341033685db13d1000d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final01/project/plugins.sbt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+addSbtPlugin("ch.epfl.scala" % "sbt-scalafix" % "0.9.26")
+addSbtPlugin("com.typesafe.play" % "sbt-plugin" % "2.8.8")
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final01/src/main/resources/application.conf b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final01/src/main/resources/application.conf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b2f71b4b890ae4198c93f926848ce4a13d4eb801
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final01/src/main/resources/application.conf
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+play.application.loader=concpar21final01.MyApplicationLoader
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f1/src/main/scala/f1/MyComponents.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final01/src/main/scala/concpar21final01/MyComponents.scala
similarity index 82%
rename from previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f1/src/main/scala/f1/MyComponents.scala
rename to previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final01/src/main/scala/concpar21final01/MyComponents.scala
index fa405e8525c777c79a8eff8e43c5a032a1cf4f15..5b960ec66c0344e9f0751d02523c5b1a47e5e519 100644
--- a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f1/src/main/scala/f1/MyComponents.scala
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final01/src/main/scala/concpar21final01/MyComponents.scala
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-package f1
+package concpar21final01
import play.api.{ApplicationLoader, BuiltInComponentsFromContext}
import play.api.mvc.Results.Ok
-import play.api.routing.sird._
+import play.api.routing.sird.*
import play.api.routing.Router
import play.api.ApplicationLoader.Context
import play.filters.HttpFiltersComponents
@@ -11,20 +11,21 @@ import scala.concurrent.ExecutionContext.Implicits.global
import scala.concurrent.Future
import scala.util.Random
-class MyApplicationLoader extends ApplicationLoader {
+class MyApplicationLoader extends ApplicationLoader:
def load(context: Context) =
new MyComponents(context).application
-}
class MyComponents(context: Context)
extends BuiltInComponentsFromContext(context)
- with HttpFiltersComponents {
+ with HttpFiltersComponents:
- lazy val router = Router.from {
- case GET(p"/") =>
- Action.async {
- (new F1MockData).leaderboard().map(leaderboardHTML).map(Ok(_).as("text/html"))
- }
+ lazy val router = Router.from { case GET(p"/") =>
+ Action.async {
+ (new Problem1MockData)
+ .leaderboard()
+ .map(leaderboardHTML)
+ .map(Ok(_).as("text/html"))
+ }
}
def leaderboardHTML(data: List[Grade]): String =
@@ -37,17 +38,18 @@ class MyComponents(context: Context)
| <body>
| <h1>Leaderboard:</h1>
| <ul>
- | ${data.map { case Grade(sciper, g) =>
- val grade = "%1.2f".format(g)
- s"<li>$sciper : $grade</li>"
- }.mkString("\n ")}
+ | ${data
+ .map { case Grade(sciper, g) =>
+ val grade = "%1.2f".format(g)
+ s"<li>$sciper : $grade</li>"
+ }
+ .mkString("\n ")}
| </ul>
| </body>
|</html>
""".trim.stripMargin
-}
-class F1MockData extends F1 {
+class Problem1MockData extends Problem1:
def getGrade(sciper: Int): Future[Option[Grade]] =
Future {
// In an actual implementation, this is where we would make a call to
@@ -55,13 +57,12 @@ class F1MockData extends F1 {
Thread.sleep(15) // GitLab is pretty fast today...
val rand = new Random(sciper)
val grade = rand.nextInt(6).toDouble + rand.nextDouble()
- if (sciper < 100000 || sciper > 999999 || sciper % 10 == 0) None
+ if sciper < 100000 || sciper > 999999 || sciper % 10 == 0 then None
else Some(Grade(sciper, grade))
}
- /**
- * Retrieve the list of enrolled students from IS-academia
- */
+ /** Retrieve the list of enrolled students from IS-academia
+ */
def getScipers(): Future[List[Int]] =
Future {
Thread.sleep(100)
@@ -89,4 +90,3 @@ class F1MockData extends F1 {
311803, 299981, 311832, 301088, 259649, 279183, 341760, 311844, 279079,
390997, 311917, 390999, 361122, 301208, 311538, 272943, 361570, 390959)
}
-}
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final01/src/main/scala/concpar21final01/Problem1.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final01/src/main/scala/concpar21final01/Problem1.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fbb9ae49aaf18ee0dbb1b2b094b61b805032f7b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final01/src/main/scala/concpar21final01/Problem1.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+package concpar21final01
+
+import scala.concurrent.ExecutionContext.Implicits.global
+import scala.concurrent.Future
+
+case class Grade(sciper: Int, grade: Double)
+
+trait Problem1:
+ /** Retrieve the list of student grades, sorted such that maximum grades
+ * appear at the head of the list.
+ */
+ def leaderboard(): Future[List[Grade]] =
+
+ getScipers()
+ .flatMap { scipers =>
+ Future.sequence(scipers.map(getGrade))
+ }
+ .map(_.flatten.sortBy(_.grade).reverse)
+
+ /** Retrieve a student's grade using GitLab's API. The result is wrapped in an
+ * option, where `Future(None)` indicates either:
+ * - the student is not registered to the class
+ * - the student did not push his/her solution to GitLab
+ */
+ def getGrade(sciper: Int): Future[Option[Grade]]
+
+ /** Retrieve the list of enrolled students from IS-academia
+ */
+ def getScipers(): Future[List[Int]]
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f1/src/test/scala/f1/F1Suite.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final01/src/test/scala/concpar21final01/Problem1Suite.scala
similarity index 69%
rename from previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f1/src/test/scala/f1/F1Suite.scala
rename to previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final01/src/test/scala/concpar21final01/Problem1Suite.scala
index 6f3b666245516d26cd8fd471dea7e58d62f4b8b0..a67b2ad6ba95a7e5c8d0ad8a9a6e49decabad698 100644
--- a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f1/src/test/scala/f1/F1Suite.scala
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final01/src/test/scala/concpar21final01/Problem1Suite.scala
@@ -1,14 +1,16 @@
-package f1
+package concpar21final01
-import play.api.test._
-import play.api.test.Helpers._
-import scala.concurrent.duration._
+import play.api.test.*
+import play.api.test.Helpers.*
+import scala.concurrent.duration.*
import scala.concurrent.Future
import scala.concurrent.ExecutionContext.Implicits.global
-class F1Suite extends munit.FunSuite {
- test("Retrieves grades at the end of the exam (everyone pushed something) (10pts)") {
- class F1Done extends F1 {
+class Problem1Suite extends munit.FunSuite:
+ test(
+ "Retrieves grades at the end of the exam (everyone pushed something) (10pts)"
+ ) {
+ class Problem1Done extends Problem1:
override def getGrade(sciper: Int): Future[Option[Grade]] =
Future {
Thread.sleep(100)
@@ -19,22 +21,21 @@ class F1Suite extends munit.FunSuite {
Thread.sleep(100)
List(1, 2, 3, 4)
}
- }
val expected: List[Grade] =
List(Grade(1, 1.0), Grade(2, 2.0), Grade(3, 3.0), Grade(4, 4.0))
- (new F1Done).leaderboard().map { grades =>
+ (new Problem1Done).leaderboard().map { grades =>
assertEquals(grades.toSet, expected.toSet)
}
}
test("Retrieves grades mid exam (some students didn't push yet) (10pts)") {
- class F1Partial extends F1 {
+ class Problem1Partial extends Problem1:
override def getGrade(sciper: Int): Future[Option[Grade]] =
Future {
Thread.sleep(100)
- if (sciper % 2 == 0) None
+ if sciper % 2 == 0 then None
else Some(Grade(sciper, sciper))
}
override def getScipers(): Future[List[Int]] =
@@ -42,18 +43,17 @@ class F1Suite extends munit.FunSuite {
Thread.sleep(100)
List(1, 2, 3, 4)
}
- }
val expected: List[Grade] =
List(Grade(1, 1.0), Grade(3, 3.0))
- (new F1Partial).leaderboard().map { grades =>
+ (new Problem1Partial).leaderboard().map { grades =>
assertEquals(grades.toSet, expected.toSet)
}
}
test("The output list is sorted by grade (10pts)") {
- (new F1MockData).leaderboard().map { grades =>
+ (new Problem1MockData).leaderboard().map { grades =>
assert(grades.size >= 176)
assert(grades.zipWithIndex.forall { case (g, i) =>
grades.drop(i).forall(x => g.grade >= x.grade)
@@ -64,21 +64,19 @@ class F1Suite extends munit.FunSuite {
test("GitLab API calls are done in parallel (2pts)") {
var inParallel: Boolean = false
- class F1Par extends F1MockData {
+ class Problem1Par extends Problem1MockData:
var in: Boolean = false
- override def getGrade(sciper: Int): Future[Option[Grade]] = {
+ override def getGrade(sciper: Int): Future[Option[Grade]] =
Future {
- if (in) inParallel = true
+ if in then inParallel = true
in = true
val out = super.getGrade(sciper)
in = false
concurrent.Await.result(out, Duration(10, SECONDS))
}
- }
- }
- (new F1Par).leaderboard().map { grades =>
+ (new Problem1Par).leaderboard().map { grades =>
assert(grades.size >= 176)
assert(inParallel)
}
@@ -87,16 +85,13 @@ class F1Suite extends munit.FunSuite {
test("The IS-academia API is called exactly once (2pts)") {
var called: Int = 0
- class F1Once extends F1MockData {
- override def getScipers(): Future[List[Int]] = {
+ class Problem1Once extends Problem1MockData:
+ override def getScipers(): Future[List[Int]] =
called += 1
super.getScipers()
- }
- }
- (new F1Once).leaderboard().map { grades =>
+ (new Problem1Once).leaderboard().map { grades =>
assert(grades.size >= 176)
assert(called == 1)
}
}
-}
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final02/.gitignore b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final02/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d094868cd9b4b92462501f0510a8bf72881ec542
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final02/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+*.DS_Store
+*.swp
+*~
+*.class
+*.tasty
+target/
+logs/
+.bloop
+.bsp
+.dotty-ide-artifact
+.dotty-ide.json
+.idea
+.metals
+.vscode
+*.csv
+*.dat
+metals.sbt
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f1/assignment.sbt b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final02/assignment.sbt
similarity index 55%
rename from previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f1/assignment.sbt
rename to previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final02/assignment.sbt
index da7eb3c8347293a18da0025fcd6060d8f8f7cc11..d38b4f897512c8645042d6a12a0c33c5584828c3 100644
--- a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f1/assignment.sbt
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final02/assignment.sbt
@@ -1,2 +1,5 @@
// Student tasks (i.e. submit, packageSubmission)
enablePlugins(StudentTasks)
+
+assignmentVersion.withRank(KeyRanks.Invisible) := "eadbf7a6"
+
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final02/build.sbt b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final02/build.sbt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..96a9785d6b52890a5ce042606aab75a6e04512ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final02/build.sbt
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+course := "concpar"
+assignment := "concpar21final02"
+scalaVersion := "3.1.0"
+
+scalacOptions ++= Seq("-language:implicitConversions", "-deprecation")
+libraryDependencies += "org.scalameta" %% "munit" % "1.0.0-M3" % Test
+
+val akkaVersion = "2.6.19"
+val logbackVersion = "1.2.11"
+libraryDependencies ++= Seq(
+ "com.typesafe.akka" %% "akka-actor" % akkaVersion,
+ "com.typesafe.akka" %% "akka-testkit" % akkaVersion,
+ // SLF4J backend
+ // See https://doc.akka.io/docs/akka/current/typed/logging.html#slf4j-backend
+ "ch.qos.logback" % "logback-classic" % logbackVersion
+)
+fork := true
+javaOptions ++= Seq("-Dakka.loglevel=Error", "-Dakka.actor.debug.receive=on")
+
+val MUnitFramework = new TestFramework("munit.Framework")
+testFrameworks += MUnitFramework
+// Decode Scala names
+testOptions += Tests.Argument(MUnitFramework, "-s")
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f2/project/StudentTasks.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final02/project/CourseraStudent.scala
similarity index 57%
rename from previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f2/project/StudentTasks.scala
rename to previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final02/project/CourseraStudent.scala
index c4669afe82dd2b45651f94dcad9e736f29d21432..0d5da7fa7f25c17bb2a559138862b471f38788bf 100644
--- a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f2/project/StudentTasks.scala
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final02/project/CourseraStudent.scala
@@ -2,143 +2,63 @@ package ch.epfl.lamp
import sbt._
import Keys._
-
-// import scalaj.http._
-import java.io.{File, FileInputStream, IOException}
-import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64
-// import play.api.libs.json.{Json, JsObject, JsPath}
import scala.util.{Failure, Success, Try}
+import scalaj.http._
+import play.api.libs.json.{Json, JsObject, JsPath}
/**
- * Provides tasks for submitting the assignment
- */
-object StudentTasks extends AutoPlugin {
-
- override def requires = super.requires && MOOCSettings
+ * Coursera uses two versions of each assignment. They both have the same assignment key and part id but have
+ * different item ids.
+ *
+ * @param key Assignment key
+ * @param partId Assignment partId
+ * @param itemId Item id of the non premium version
+ * @param premiumItemId Item id of the premium version (`None` if the assignment is optional)
+ */
+case class CourseraId(courseId: String, key: String, partId: String, itemId: String, premiumItemId: Option[String])
- object autoImport {
- val packageSourcesOnly = TaskKey[File]("packageSourcesOnly", "Package the sources of the project")
- val packageBinWithoutResources = TaskKey[File]("packageBinWithoutResources", "Like packageBin, but without the resources")
- val packageSubmissionZip = TaskKey[File]("packageSubmissionZip")
- val packageSubmission = inputKey[Unit]("package solution as an archive file")
- lazy val Grading = config("grading") extend(Runtime)
- }
+object CourseraStudent extends AutoPlugin {
+ override def requires = super.requires && MOOCSettings
- import autoImport._
+ object autoImport {
+ val options = SettingKey[Map[String, Map[String, String]]]("options")
+ val courseraId = settingKey[CourseraId]("Coursera-specific information identifying the assignment")
+ // Convenient alias
+ type CourseraId = ch.epfl.lamp.CourseraId
+ val CourseraId = ch.epfl.lamp.CourseraId
+ }
+
+ import StudentTasks.autoImport._
import MOOCSettings.autoImport._
+ import autoImport._
override lazy val projectSettings = Seq(
- packageSubmissionSetting,
- fork := true,
- connectInput in run := true,
- outputStrategy := Some(StdoutOutput),
- ) ++
- packageSubmissionZipSettings ++
- inConfig(Grading)(Defaults.testSettings ++ Seq(
- unmanagedJars += file("grading-tests.jar"),
-
- definedTests := (definedTests in Test).value,
- internalDependencyClasspath := (internalDependencyClasspath in Test).value
- ))
-
-
- /** **********************************************************
- * SUBMITTING A SOLUTION TO COURSERA
- */
-
- val packageSubmissionZipSettings = Seq(
- packageSubmissionZip := {
- val submission = crossTarget.value / "submission.zip"
- val sources = (packageSourcesOnly in Compile).value
- val binaries = (packageBinWithoutResources in Compile).value
- IO.zip(Seq(sources -> "sources.zip", binaries -> "binaries.jar"), submission, None)
- submission
- },
- artifactClassifier in packageSourcesOnly := Some("sources"),
- artifact in (Compile, packageBinWithoutResources) ~= (art => art.withName(art.name + "-without-resources"))
- ) ++
- inConfig(Compile)(
- Defaults.packageTaskSettings(packageSourcesOnly, Defaults.sourceMappings) ++
- Defaults.packageTaskSettings(packageBinWithoutResources, Def.task {
- val relativePaths =
- (unmanagedResources in Compile).value.flatMap(Path.relativeTo((unmanagedResourceDirectories in Compile).value)(_))
- (mappings in (Compile, packageBin)).value.filterNot { case (_, path) => relativePaths.contains(path) }
- })
+ submitSetting,
)
- val maxSubmitFileSize = {
- val mb = 1024 * 1024
- 10 * mb
- }
-
- /** Check that the jar exists, isn't empty, isn't crazy big, and can be read
- * If so, encode jar as base64 so we can send it to Coursera
- */
- def prepareJar(jar: File, s: TaskStreams): String = {
- val errPrefix = "Error submitting assignment jar: "
- val fileLength = jar.length()
- if (!jar.exists()) {
- s.log.error(errPrefix + "jar archive does not exist\n" + jar.getAbsolutePath)
- failSubmit()
- } else if (fileLength == 0L) {
- s.log.error(errPrefix + "jar archive is empty\n" + jar.getAbsolutePath)
- failSubmit()
- } else if (fileLength > maxSubmitFileSize) {
- s.log.error(errPrefix + "jar archive is too big. Allowed size: " +
- maxSubmitFileSize + " bytes, found " + fileLength + " bytes.\n" +
- jar.getAbsolutePath)
- failSubmit()
- } else {
- val bytes = new Array[Byte](fileLength.toInt)
- val sizeRead = try {
- val is = new FileInputStream(jar)
- val read = is.read(bytes)
- is.close()
- read
- } catch {
- case ex: IOException =>
- s.log.error(errPrefix + "failed to read sources jar archive\n" + ex.toString)
- failSubmit()
- }
- if (sizeRead != bytes.length) {
- s.log.error(errPrefix + "failed to read the sources jar archive, size read: " + sizeRead)
- failSubmit()
- } else encodeBase64(bytes)
- }
- }
-
- /** Task to package solution to a given file path */
- lazy val packageSubmissionSetting = packageSubmission := {
- val args: Seq[String] = Def.spaceDelimited("[path]").parsed
- val s: TaskStreams = streams.value // for logging
- val jar = (packageSubmissionZip in Compile).value
-
- val base64Jar = prepareJar(jar, s)
-
- val path = args.headOption.getOrElse((baseDirectory.value / "submission.jar").absolutePath)
- scala.tools.nsc.io.File(path).writeAll(base64Jar)
- }
-
-/*
/** Task to submit a solution to coursera */
val submit = inputKey[Unit]("submit solution to Coursera")
lazy val submitSetting = submit := {
// Fail if scalafix linting does not pass.
- scalafixLinting.value
+ StudentTasks.scalafixLinting.value
val args: Seq[String] = Def.spaceDelimited("<arg>").parsed
val s: TaskStreams = streams.value // for logging
- val jar = (packageSubmissionZip in Compile).value
+ val jar = (Compile / packageSubmissionZip).value
val assignmentDetails =
courseraId.?.value.getOrElse(throw new MessageOnlyException("This assignment can not be submitted to Coursera because the `courseraId` setting is undefined"))
val assignmentKey = assignmentDetails.key
val courseName =
course.value match {
- case "capstone" => "scala-capstone"
+ case "progfun1" => "scala-functional-programming"
+ case "progfun2" => "scala-functional-program-design"
+ case "parprog1" => "scala-parallel-programming"
case "bigdata" => "scala-spark-big-data"
+ case "capstone" => "scala-capstone"
+ case "reactive" => "scala-akka-reactive"
case other => other
}
@@ -166,10 +86,10 @@ object StudentTasks extends AutoPlugin {
}
""".stripMargin
s.log.error(inputErr)
- failSubmit()
+ StudentTasks.failSubmit()
}
- val base64Jar = prepareJar(jar, s)
+ val base64Jar = StudentTasks.prepareJar(jar, s)
val json =
s"""|{
| "assignmentKey":"$assignmentKey",
@@ -288,16 +208,5 @@ object StudentTasks extends AutoPlugin {
}
}
-*/
-
- def failSubmit(): Nothing = {
- sys.error("Submission failed")
- }
- /**
- * *****************
- * DEALING WITH JARS
- */
- def encodeBase64(bytes: Array[Byte]): String =
- new String(Base64.encodeBase64(bytes))
}
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final02/project/MOOCSettings.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final02/project/MOOCSettings.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..347cc6e5d59073cf532986c82151cbc44887108f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final02/project/MOOCSettings.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+package ch.epfl.lamp
+
+import sbt._
+import sbt.Keys._
+
+/**
+ * Settings shared by all assignments, reused in various tasks.
+ */
+object MOOCSettings extends AutoPlugin {
+
+ object autoImport {
+ val course = SettingKey[String]("course")
+ val assignment = SettingKey[String]("assignment")
+ val datasetUrl = settingKey[String]("URL of the dataset used for testing")
+ val downloadDataset = taskKey[File]("Download the dataset required for the assignment")
+ val assignmentVersion = settingKey[String]("Hash string indicating the version of the assignment")
+ }
+
+ import autoImport._
+
+ lazy val downloadDatasetDef = downloadDataset := {
+ val logger = streams.value.log
+
+ datasetUrl.?.value match {
+ case Some(url) =>
+
+ import scalaj.http.Http
+ import sbt.io.IO
+ val dest = (Compile / resourceManaged).value / assignment.value / url.split("/").last
+ if (!dest.exists()) {
+ IO.touch(dest)
+ logger.info(s"Downloading $url")
+ val res = Http(url).method("GET")
+ val is = res.asBytes.body
+ IO.write(dest, is)
+ }
+ dest
+ case None =>
+ logger.info(s"No dataset defined in datasetUrl")
+ throw new sbt.MessageOnlyException("No dataset to download for this assignment")
+ }
+ }
+
+ override val projectSettings: Seq[Def.Setting[_]] = Seq(
+ downloadDatasetDef,
+ Test / parallelExecution := false,
+ // Report test result after each test instead of waiting for every test to finish
+ Test / logBuffered := false,
+ name := s"${course.value}-${assignment.value}"
+ )
+}
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final02/project/StudentTasks.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final02/project/StudentTasks.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1ae03c11516a13a55e094a936b02fed588c2a9e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final02/project/StudentTasks.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+package ch.epfl.lamp
+
+import sbt._
+import Keys._
+import scalafix.sbt.ScalafixPlugin.autoImport._
+
+import java.io.{File, FileInputStream, IOException}
+import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64
+
+/**
+ * Provides tasks for submitting the assignment
+ */
+object StudentTasks extends AutoPlugin {
+
+ override def requires = super.requires && MOOCSettings
+
+ object autoImport {
+ val packageSourcesOnly = TaskKey[File]("packageSourcesOnly", "Package the sources of the project")
+ val packageBinWithoutResources = TaskKey[File]("packageBinWithoutResources", "Like packageBin, but without the resources")
+
+ val packageSubmissionZip = TaskKey[File]("packageSubmissionZip")
+
+ val packageSubmission = inputKey[Unit]("package solution as an archive file")
+ lazy val Grading = config("grading") extend(Runtime)
+ }
+
+ import autoImport._
+
+ // Run scalafix linting after compilation to avoid seeing parser errors twice
+ // Keep in sync with the use of scalafix in Grader
+ // (--exclude doesn't work (https://github.com/lampepfl-courses/moocs/pull/28#issuecomment-427894795)
+ // so we customize unmanagedSources below instead)
+ val scalafixLinting = Def.taskDyn {
+ if (new File(".scalafix.conf").exists()) {
+ (Compile / scalafix).toTask(" --check").dependsOn(Compile / compile)
+ } else Def.task(())
+ }
+
+ val testsJar = file("grading-tests.jar")
+
+ override lazy val projectSettings = Seq(
+ // Run scalafix linting in parallel with the tests
+ (Test / test) := {
+ scalafixLinting.value
+ (Test / test).value
+ },
+
+ packageSubmissionSetting,
+
+ fork := true,
+ run / connectInput := true,
+ outputStrategy := Some(StdoutOutput),
+ scalafixConfig := {
+ val scalafixDotConf = (baseDirectory.value / ".scalafix.conf")
+ if (scalafixDotConf.exists) Some(scalafixDotConf) else None
+ }
+ ) ++ packageSubmissionZipSettings ++ (
+ if(testsJar.exists) inConfig(Grading)(Defaults.testSettings ++ Seq(
+ unmanagedJars += testsJar,
+ definedTests := (Test / definedTests).value,
+ internalDependencyClasspath := (Test / internalDependencyClasspath).value,
+ managedClasspath := (Test / managedClasspath).value,
+ ))
+ else Nil
+ )
+
+ val packageSubmissionZipSettings = Seq(
+ packageSubmissionZip := {
+ val submission = crossTarget.value / "submission.zip"
+ val sources = (Compile / packageSourcesOnly).value
+ val binaries = (Compile / packageBinWithoutResources).value
+ IO.zip(Seq(sources -> "sources.zip", binaries -> "binaries.jar"), submission, None)
+ submission
+ },
+ packageSourcesOnly / artifactClassifier := Some("sources"),
+ Compile / packageBinWithoutResources / artifact ~= (art => art.withName(art.name + "-without-resources"))
+ ) ++
+ inConfig(Compile)(
+ Defaults.packageTaskSettings(packageSourcesOnly, Defaults.sourceMappings) ++
+ Defaults.packageTaskSettings(packageBinWithoutResources, Def.task {
+ val relativePaths =
+ (Compile / resources).value.flatMap(Path.relativeTo((Compile / resourceDirectories).value)(_))
+ (Compile / packageBin / mappings).value.filterNot { case (_, path) => relativePaths.contains(path) }
+ })
+ )
+
+ val maxSubmitFileSize = {
+ val mb = 1024 * 1024
+ 10 * mb
+ }
+
+ def prepareJar(jar: File, s: TaskStreams): String = {
+ val errPrefix = "Error submitting assignment jar: "
+ val fileLength = jar.length()
+ if (!jar.exists()) {
+ s.log.error(errPrefix + "jar archive does not exist\n" + jar.getAbsolutePath)
+ failSubmit()
+ } else if (fileLength == 0L) {
+ s.log.error(errPrefix + "jar archive is empty\n" + jar.getAbsolutePath)
+ failSubmit()
+ } else if (fileLength > maxSubmitFileSize) {
+ s.log.error(errPrefix + "jar archive is too big. Allowed size: " +
+ maxSubmitFileSize + " bytes, found " + fileLength + " bytes.\n" +
+ jar.getAbsolutePath)
+ failSubmit()
+ } else {
+ val bytes = new Array[Byte](fileLength.toInt)
+ val sizeRead = try {
+ val is = new FileInputStream(jar)
+ val read = is.read(bytes)
+ is.close()
+ read
+ } catch {
+ case ex: IOException =>
+ s.log.error(errPrefix + "failed to read sources jar archive\n" + ex.toString)
+ failSubmit()
+ }
+ if (sizeRead != bytes.length) {
+ s.log.error(errPrefix + "failed to read the sources jar archive, size read: " + sizeRead)
+ failSubmit()
+ } else encodeBase64(bytes)
+ }
+ }
+
+ /** Task to package solution to a given file path */
+ lazy val packageSubmissionSetting = packageSubmission := {
+ // Fail if scalafix linting does not pass.
+ scalafixLinting.value
+
+ val args: Seq[String] = Def.spaceDelimited("[path]").parsed
+ val s: TaskStreams = streams.value // for logging
+ val jar = (Compile / packageSubmissionZip).value
+
+ val base64Jar = prepareJar(jar, s)
+
+ val path = args.headOption.getOrElse((baseDirectory.value / "submission.jar").absolutePath)
+ scala.tools.nsc.io.File(path).writeAll(base64Jar)
+ }
+
+ def failSubmit(): Nothing = {
+ sys.error("Submission failed")
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * *****************
+ * DEALING WITH JARS
+ */
+ def encodeBase64(bytes: Array[Byte]): String =
+ new String(Base64.encodeBase64(bytes))
+}
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final02/project/build.properties b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final02/project/build.properties
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3161d2146c631009a4d731d13510aeaddc9cf47e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final02/project/build.properties
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+sbt.version=1.6.1
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final02/project/buildSettings.sbt b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final02/project/buildSettings.sbt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1d987356b002ed0ad6c32492aa0bf2532370edf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final02/project/buildSettings.sbt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// Used for Coursera submission (StudentPlugin)
+libraryDependencies += "org.scalaj" %% "scalaj-http" % "2.4.2"
+libraryDependencies += "com.typesafe.play" %% "play-json" % "2.9.2"
+// Used for Base64 (StudentPlugin)
+libraryDependencies += "commons-codec" % "commons-codec" % "1.15"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final02/project/plugins.sbt b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final02/project/plugins.sbt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3c7aad8964d825963f87341033685db13d1000d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final02/project/plugins.sbt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+addSbtPlugin("ch.epfl.scala" % "sbt-scalafix" % "0.9.26")
+addSbtPlugin("com.typesafe.play" % "sbt-plugin" % "2.8.8")
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f2/src/main/scala/f2/F2.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final02/src/main/scala/concpar21final02/Problem2.scala
similarity index 70%
rename from previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f2/src/main/scala/f2/F2.scala
rename to previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final02/src/main/scala/concpar21final02/Problem2.scala
index 1e1b8922d05317922daa69d94976cfa582ca7dec..82529b14e45531ac09cd383875967df92b8ba125 100644
--- a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f2/src/main/scala/f2/F2.scala
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final02/src/main/scala/concpar21final02/Problem2.scala
@@ -1,34 +1,33 @@
-package f2
+package concpar21final02
-import akka.actor._
+import akka.actor.*
import scala.collection.mutable
import akka.testkit.*
-object F2 {
+object Problem2:
//////////////////////////////
// NOTIFICATION SERVICE //
//////////////////////////////
- object NotificationService {
-
+ object NotificationService:
enum Protocol:
/** Notify all registered actors */
case NotifyAll
+
/** Register the actor that sent the `Register` request */
- case Register //
+ case Register //
/** Un-register the actor that sent the `Register` request */
case UnRegister
enum Responses:
/** Message sent to an actor when it is notified */
case Notification
+
/** Response sent to an actor after a `Register` or `UnRegister` */
case Registered(registered: Boolean)
- }
-
- class NotificationService extends Actor {
+ class NotificationService extends Actor:
import NotificationService.Protocol.*
import NotificationService.Responses.*
@@ -37,36 +36,33 @@ object F2 {
def receive: Receive = {
case Register =>
- registeredUsers += sender
- sender ! Registered(true)
+ registeredUsers += sender()
+ sender() ! Registered(true)
case UnRegister =>
- registeredUsers -= sender
- sender ! Registered(false)
+ registeredUsers -= sender()
+ sender() ! Registered(false)
case NotifyAll =>
- for user <- registeredUsers do
- user ! Notification
+ for user <- registeredUsers do user ! Notification
}
- }
-
-
/////////////////////////
// DISCORD CHANNEL //
/////////////////////////
- object DiscordChannel {
+ object DiscordChannel:
enum Protocol:
/** Post a message in the channel */
case Post(msg: String)
- /** Ask for the list of most recent posts starting from the most recent one.
- * The list must have at most `limit` posts.
- */
+ /** Ask for the list of most recent posts starting from the most recent
+ * one. The list must have at most `limit` posts.
+ */
case GetLastPosts(limit: Int)
- /** Activates the service channel using the provided notification service. */
+ /** Activates the service channel using the provided notification service.
+ */
case Init(notificationService: ActorRef)
enum Responses:
@@ -82,9 +78,8 @@ object F2 {
/** Response after `Init` if active */
case AlreadyActive
- }
- class DiscordChannel extends Actor {
+ class DiscordChannel extends Actor:
import DiscordChannel.Protocol.*
import DiscordChannel.Responses.*
import NotificationService.Protocol.*
@@ -97,9 +92,9 @@ object F2 {
case Init(service) =>
context.become(active(service))
- sender ! Active
+ sender() ! Active
case Post(_) | GetLastPosts(_) =>
- sender ! NotActive
+ sender() ! NotActive
}
def active(notificationService: ActorRef): Receive = {
@@ -108,23 +103,21 @@ object F2 {
messages = msg :: messages
notificationService ! NotifyAll
case GetLastPosts(limit) =>
- sender ! Posts(messages.take(limit))
+ sender() ! Posts(messages.take(limit))
case Init(_) =>
- sender ! AlreadyActive
+ sender() ! AlreadyActive
}
- }
-
-}
/////////////////////////
// DEBUG //
/////////////////////////
-/** Infrastructure to help debugging. In sbt use `run` to execute this code.
- * The TestKit is an actor that can send messages and check the messages it receives (or not).
- */
-@main def debug() = new TestKit(ActorSystem("DebugSystem")) with ImplicitSender {
- import F2.*
+/** Infrastructure to help debugging. In sbt use `run` to execute this code. The
+ * TestKit is an actor that can send messages and check the messages it
+ * receives (or not).
+ */
+@main def debug() = new TestKit(ActorSystem("DebugSystem")) with ImplicitSender:
+ import Problem2.*
import DiscordChannel.Protocol.*
import DiscordChannel.Responses.*
import NotificationService.Protocol.*
@@ -132,15 +125,18 @@ object F2 {
import concurrent.duration.*
try
-
- val notificationService = system.actorOf(Props[NotificationService])
- val channel = system.actorOf(Props[DiscordChannel])
+ val notificationService = system.actorOf(Props[NotificationService]())
+ val channel = system.actorOf(Props[DiscordChannel]())
notificationService ! NotifyAll
- expectNoMessage(200.millis) // expects no message is received in the next 200 milliseconds
+ expectNoMessage(
+ 200.millis
+ ) // expects no message is received in the next 200 milliseconds
notificationService ! Register
- expectMsg(200.millis, Registered(true)) // expects to receive `Registered(true)` in the next 200 milliseconds
+ expectMsg(
+ 200.millis,
+ Registered(true)
+ ) // expects to receive `Registered(true)` in the next 200 milliseconds
finally shutdown(system)
-}
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final02/src/test/scala/concpar21final02/Problem2Suite.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final02/src/test/scala/concpar21final02/Problem2Suite.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b0aa9f2c9b48a00849561f4187be5d32f07c1810
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final02/src/test/scala/concpar21final02/Problem2Suite.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+package concpar21final02
+
+import akka.actor.*
+import akka.testkit.*
+import scala.collection.mutable
+import concurrent.duration.*
+
+import Problem2.*
+
+class Problem2Suite extends munit.FunSuite:
+ import NotificationService.Protocol.*
+ import NotificationService.Responses.*
+ import DiscordChannel.Protocol.*
+ import DiscordChannel.Responses.*
+
+ test("Notification register (1pts)") {
+ new MyTestKit:
+ def tests() =
+ val actor = system.actorOf(Props[NotificationService]())
+ actor ! Register
+ expectMsg(Registered(true))
+ }
+
+ test("Notification register and un-register (1pts)") {
+ new MyTestKit:
+ def tests() =
+ val actor = system.actorOf(Props[NotificationService]())
+ actor ! Register
+ expectMsg(Registered(true))
+ actor ! UnRegister
+ expectMsg(Registered(false))
+ actor ! UnRegister
+ expectMsg(Registered(false))
+ actor ! Register
+ expectMsg(Registered(true))
+ actor ! UnRegister
+ expectMsg(Registered(false))
+ }
+
+ test("Notification notify (1pts)") {
+ new MyTestKit:
+ def tests() =
+ val actor = system.actorOf(Props[NotificationService]())
+ actor ! Register
+ expectMsg(Registered(true))
+ actor ! NotifyAll
+ expectMsg(Notification)
+ actor ! NotifyAll
+ expectMsg(Notification)
+ actor ! UnRegister
+ expectMsg(Registered(false))
+ actor ! NotifyAll
+ expectNoMessage()
+ actor ! Register
+ expectMsg(Registered(true))
+ actor ! NotifyAll
+ expectMsg(Notification)
+ actor ! UnRegister
+ expectMsg(Registered(false))
+ actor ! NotifyAll
+ expectNoMessage()
+ }
+
+ test("NotifyAll from other actor (1pts)") {
+ new MyTestKit:
+ def tests() =
+ val actor = system.actorOf(Props[NotificationService]())
+ val otherActor = system.actorOf(Props[DummyActor]())
+
+ def notifyFormAllFromOtherActor() =
+ given ActorRef = otherActor
+ actor ! NotifyAll
+
+ expectNoMessage()
+
+ actor ! Register
+ expectMsg(Registered(true))
+
+ notifyFormAllFromOtherActor()
+ expectMsg(Notification)
+ }
+
+ test("Channel init (1pts)") {
+ new MyTestKit:
+ def tests() =
+ val notificationService = system.actorOf(Props[NotificationService]())
+ val channel = system.actorOf(Props[DiscordChannel]())
+ channel ! Init(notificationService)
+ expectMsg(Active)
+ }
+
+ test("Channel post and get post (1pts)") {
+ new MyTestKit:
+ def tests() =
+ val notificationService = system.actorOf(Props[NotificationService]())
+ val channel = system.actorOf(Props[DiscordChannel]())
+ channel ! Init(notificationService)
+ expectMsg(Active)
+ channel ! Post("hello")
+ channel ! GetLastPosts(1)
+ expectMsg(Posts(List("hello")))
+ channel ! GetLastPosts(10)
+ expectMsg(Posts(List("hello")))
+ channel ! GetLastPosts(0)
+ expectMsg(Posts(Nil))
+ }
+
+ test("Channel multiple posts (1pts)") {
+ new MyTestKit:
+ def tests() =
+ val notificationService = system.actorOf(Props[NotificationService]())
+ val channel = system.actorOf(Props[DiscordChannel]())
+ channel ! Init(notificationService)
+ expectMsg(Active)
+ channel ! Post("hello")
+ channel ! Post("world")
+ channel ! GetLastPosts(2)
+ channel ! GetLastPosts(1)
+ channel ! Post("!")
+ channel ! GetLastPosts(3)
+ expectMsg(Posts(List("world", "hello")))
+ expectMsg(Posts(List("world")))
+ expectMsg(Posts(List("!", "world", "hello")))
+ }
+
+ test("Channel posts and notify (1pts)") {
+ new MyTestKit:
+ def tests() =
+ val notificationService = system.actorOf(Props[NotificationService]())
+ val channel = system.actorOf(Props[DiscordChannel]())
+ channel ! Init(notificationService)
+ expectMsg(Active)
+ notificationService ! Register
+ expectMsg(Registered(true))
+ channel ! Post("hello")
+ channel ! Post("world")
+ expectMsg(Notification)
+ expectMsg(Notification)
+ }
+
+ test("Channel init twice (1pts)") {
+ new MyTestKit:
+ def tests() =
+ val notificationService = system.actorOf(Props[NotificationService]())
+ val channel = system.actorOf(Props[DiscordChannel]())
+ channel ! Init(notificationService)
+ expectMsg(Active)
+ channel ! Init(notificationService)
+ expectMsg(AlreadyActive)
+ channel ! Init(notificationService)
+ expectMsg(AlreadyActive)
+ }
+
+ test("Channel not active (1pts)") {
+ new MyTestKit:
+ def tests() =
+ val channel1 = system.actorOf(Props[DiscordChannel]())
+ channel1 ! Post("hello")
+ expectMsg(NotActive)
+
+ val channel2 = system.actorOf(Props[DiscordChannel]())
+ channel2 ! GetLastPosts(0)
+ expectMsg(NotActive)
+ }
+
+ abstract class MyTestKit
+ extends TestKit(ActorSystem("TestSystem"))
+ with ImplicitSender:
+ def tests(): Unit
+ try tests()
+ finally shutdown(system)
+
+class DummyActor extends Actor:
+ def receive: Receive = { case _ =>
+ ()
+ }
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/.gitignore b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d094868cd9b4b92462501f0510a8bf72881ec542
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+*.DS_Store
+*.swp
+*~
+*.class
+*.tasty
+target/
+logs/
+.bloop
+.bsp
+.dotty-ide-artifact
+.dotty-ide.json
+.idea
+.metals
+.vscode
+*.csv
+*.dat
+metals.sbt
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f4/assignment.sbt b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/assignment.sbt
similarity index 55%
rename from previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f4/assignment.sbt
rename to previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/assignment.sbt
index da7eb3c8347293a18da0025fcd6060d8f8f7cc11..d38b4f897512c8645042d6a12a0c33c5584828c3 100644
--- a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f4/assignment.sbt
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/assignment.sbt
@@ -1,2 +1,5 @@
// Student tasks (i.e. submit, packageSubmission)
enablePlugins(StudentTasks)
+
+assignmentVersion.withRank(KeyRanks.Invisible) := "eadbf7a6"
+
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/build.sbt b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/build.sbt
similarity index 61%
rename from previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/build.sbt
rename to previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/build.sbt
index 3c1d7741f535e8a03a4962b350dfff193353dcda..8bb5226e18fade955e0f76863b48e13fd98f5f8a 100644
--- a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/build.sbt
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/build.sbt
@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
-course := "final"
-assignment := "f3"
-scalaVersion := "3.0.0-RC1"
-scalacOptions ++= Seq("-language:implicitConversions", "-deprecation")
+course := "concpar"
+assignment := "concpar21final03"
+scalaVersion := "3.1.0"
-libraryDependencies += "org.scalameta" %% "munit" % "0.7.22"
+scalacOptions ++= Seq("-language:implicitConversions", "-deprecation")
+libraryDependencies += "org.scalameta" %% "munit" % "1.0.0-M3" % Test
val MUnitFramework = new TestFramework("munit.Framework")
testFrameworks += MUnitFramework
// Decode Scala names
testOptions += Tests.Argument(MUnitFramework, "-s")
-testSuite := "f3.F3Suite"
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/project/StudentTasks.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/project/CourseraStudent.scala
similarity index 57%
rename from previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/project/StudentTasks.scala
rename to previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/project/CourseraStudent.scala
index c4669afe82dd2b45651f94dcad9e736f29d21432..0d5da7fa7f25c17bb2a559138862b471f38788bf 100644
--- a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/project/StudentTasks.scala
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/project/CourseraStudent.scala
@@ -2,143 +2,63 @@ package ch.epfl.lamp
import sbt._
import Keys._
-
-// import scalaj.http._
-import java.io.{File, FileInputStream, IOException}
-import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64
-// import play.api.libs.json.{Json, JsObject, JsPath}
import scala.util.{Failure, Success, Try}
+import scalaj.http._
+import play.api.libs.json.{Json, JsObject, JsPath}
/**
- * Provides tasks for submitting the assignment
- */
-object StudentTasks extends AutoPlugin {
-
- override def requires = super.requires && MOOCSettings
+ * Coursera uses two versions of each assignment. They both have the same assignment key and part id but have
+ * different item ids.
+ *
+ * @param key Assignment key
+ * @param partId Assignment partId
+ * @param itemId Item id of the non premium version
+ * @param premiumItemId Item id of the premium version (`None` if the assignment is optional)
+ */
+case class CourseraId(courseId: String, key: String, partId: String, itemId: String, premiumItemId: Option[String])
- object autoImport {
- val packageSourcesOnly = TaskKey[File]("packageSourcesOnly", "Package the sources of the project")
- val packageBinWithoutResources = TaskKey[File]("packageBinWithoutResources", "Like packageBin, but without the resources")
- val packageSubmissionZip = TaskKey[File]("packageSubmissionZip")
- val packageSubmission = inputKey[Unit]("package solution as an archive file")
- lazy val Grading = config("grading") extend(Runtime)
- }
+object CourseraStudent extends AutoPlugin {
+ override def requires = super.requires && MOOCSettings
- import autoImport._
+ object autoImport {
+ val options = SettingKey[Map[String, Map[String, String]]]("options")
+ val courseraId = settingKey[CourseraId]("Coursera-specific information identifying the assignment")
+ // Convenient alias
+ type CourseraId = ch.epfl.lamp.CourseraId
+ val CourseraId = ch.epfl.lamp.CourseraId
+ }
+
+ import StudentTasks.autoImport._
import MOOCSettings.autoImport._
+ import autoImport._
override lazy val projectSettings = Seq(
- packageSubmissionSetting,
- fork := true,
- connectInput in run := true,
- outputStrategy := Some(StdoutOutput),
- ) ++
- packageSubmissionZipSettings ++
- inConfig(Grading)(Defaults.testSettings ++ Seq(
- unmanagedJars += file("grading-tests.jar"),
-
- definedTests := (definedTests in Test).value,
- internalDependencyClasspath := (internalDependencyClasspath in Test).value
- ))
-
-
- /** **********************************************************
- * SUBMITTING A SOLUTION TO COURSERA
- */
-
- val packageSubmissionZipSettings = Seq(
- packageSubmissionZip := {
- val submission = crossTarget.value / "submission.zip"
- val sources = (packageSourcesOnly in Compile).value
- val binaries = (packageBinWithoutResources in Compile).value
- IO.zip(Seq(sources -> "sources.zip", binaries -> "binaries.jar"), submission, None)
- submission
- },
- artifactClassifier in packageSourcesOnly := Some("sources"),
- artifact in (Compile, packageBinWithoutResources) ~= (art => art.withName(art.name + "-without-resources"))
- ) ++
- inConfig(Compile)(
- Defaults.packageTaskSettings(packageSourcesOnly, Defaults.sourceMappings) ++
- Defaults.packageTaskSettings(packageBinWithoutResources, Def.task {
- val relativePaths =
- (unmanagedResources in Compile).value.flatMap(Path.relativeTo((unmanagedResourceDirectories in Compile).value)(_))
- (mappings in (Compile, packageBin)).value.filterNot { case (_, path) => relativePaths.contains(path) }
- })
+ submitSetting,
)
- val maxSubmitFileSize = {
- val mb = 1024 * 1024
- 10 * mb
- }
-
- /** Check that the jar exists, isn't empty, isn't crazy big, and can be read
- * If so, encode jar as base64 so we can send it to Coursera
- */
- def prepareJar(jar: File, s: TaskStreams): String = {
- val errPrefix = "Error submitting assignment jar: "
- val fileLength = jar.length()
- if (!jar.exists()) {
- s.log.error(errPrefix + "jar archive does not exist\n" + jar.getAbsolutePath)
- failSubmit()
- } else if (fileLength == 0L) {
- s.log.error(errPrefix + "jar archive is empty\n" + jar.getAbsolutePath)
- failSubmit()
- } else if (fileLength > maxSubmitFileSize) {
- s.log.error(errPrefix + "jar archive is too big. Allowed size: " +
- maxSubmitFileSize + " bytes, found " + fileLength + " bytes.\n" +
- jar.getAbsolutePath)
- failSubmit()
- } else {
- val bytes = new Array[Byte](fileLength.toInt)
- val sizeRead = try {
- val is = new FileInputStream(jar)
- val read = is.read(bytes)
- is.close()
- read
- } catch {
- case ex: IOException =>
- s.log.error(errPrefix + "failed to read sources jar archive\n" + ex.toString)
- failSubmit()
- }
- if (sizeRead != bytes.length) {
- s.log.error(errPrefix + "failed to read the sources jar archive, size read: " + sizeRead)
- failSubmit()
- } else encodeBase64(bytes)
- }
- }
-
- /** Task to package solution to a given file path */
- lazy val packageSubmissionSetting = packageSubmission := {
- val args: Seq[String] = Def.spaceDelimited("[path]").parsed
- val s: TaskStreams = streams.value // for logging
- val jar = (packageSubmissionZip in Compile).value
-
- val base64Jar = prepareJar(jar, s)
-
- val path = args.headOption.getOrElse((baseDirectory.value / "submission.jar").absolutePath)
- scala.tools.nsc.io.File(path).writeAll(base64Jar)
- }
-
-/*
/** Task to submit a solution to coursera */
val submit = inputKey[Unit]("submit solution to Coursera")
lazy val submitSetting = submit := {
// Fail if scalafix linting does not pass.
- scalafixLinting.value
+ StudentTasks.scalafixLinting.value
val args: Seq[String] = Def.spaceDelimited("<arg>").parsed
val s: TaskStreams = streams.value // for logging
- val jar = (packageSubmissionZip in Compile).value
+ val jar = (Compile / packageSubmissionZip).value
val assignmentDetails =
courseraId.?.value.getOrElse(throw new MessageOnlyException("This assignment can not be submitted to Coursera because the `courseraId` setting is undefined"))
val assignmentKey = assignmentDetails.key
val courseName =
course.value match {
- case "capstone" => "scala-capstone"
+ case "progfun1" => "scala-functional-programming"
+ case "progfun2" => "scala-functional-program-design"
+ case "parprog1" => "scala-parallel-programming"
case "bigdata" => "scala-spark-big-data"
+ case "capstone" => "scala-capstone"
+ case "reactive" => "scala-akka-reactive"
case other => other
}
@@ -166,10 +86,10 @@ object StudentTasks extends AutoPlugin {
}
""".stripMargin
s.log.error(inputErr)
- failSubmit()
+ StudentTasks.failSubmit()
}
- val base64Jar = prepareJar(jar, s)
+ val base64Jar = StudentTasks.prepareJar(jar, s)
val json =
s"""|{
| "assignmentKey":"$assignmentKey",
@@ -288,16 +208,5 @@ object StudentTasks extends AutoPlugin {
}
}
-*/
-
- def failSubmit(): Nothing = {
- sys.error("Submission failed")
- }
- /**
- * *****************
- * DEALING WITH JARS
- */
- def encodeBase64(bytes: Array[Byte]): String =
- new String(Base64.encodeBase64(bytes))
}
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/project/MOOCSettings.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/project/MOOCSettings.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..347cc6e5d59073cf532986c82151cbc44887108f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/project/MOOCSettings.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+package ch.epfl.lamp
+
+import sbt._
+import sbt.Keys._
+
+/**
+ * Settings shared by all assignments, reused in various tasks.
+ */
+object MOOCSettings extends AutoPlugin {
+
+ object autoImport {
+ val course = SettingKey[String]("course")
+ val assignment = SettingKey[String]("assignment")
+ val datasetUrl = settingKey[String]("URL of the dataset used for testing")
+ val downloadDataset = taskKey[File]("Download the dataset required for the assignment")
+ val assignmentVersion = settingKey[String]("Hash string indicating the version of the assignment")
+ }
+
+ import autoImport._
+
+ lazy val downloadDatasetDef = downloadDataset := {
+ val logger = streams.value.log
+
+ datasetUrl.?.value match {
+ case Some(url) =>
+
+ import scalaj.http.Http
+ import sbt.io.IO
+ val dest = (Compile / resourceManaged).value / assignment.value / url.split("/").last
+ if (!dest.exists()) {
+ IO.touch(dest)
+ logger.info(s"Downloading $url")
+ val res = Http(url).method("GET")
+ val is = res.asBytes.body
+ IO.write(dest, is)
+ }
+ dest
+ case None =>
+ logger.info(s"No dataset defined in datasetUrl")
+ throw new sbt.MessageOnlyException("No dataset to download for this assignment")
+ }
+ }
+
+ override val projectSettings: Seq[Def.Setting[_]] = Seq(
+ downloadDatasetDef,
+ Test / parallelExecution := false,
+ // Report test result after each test instead of waiting for every test to finish
+ Test / logBuffered := false,
+ name := s"${course.value}-${assignment.value}"
+ )
+}
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/project/StudentTasks.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/project/StudentTasks.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1ae03c11516a13a55e094a936b02fed588c2a9e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/project/StudentTasks.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+package ch.epfl.lamp
+
+import sbt._
+import Keys._
+import scalafix.sbt.ScalafixPlugin.autoImport._
+
+import java.io.{File, FileInputStream, IOException}
+import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64
+
+/**
+ * Provides tasks for submitting the assignment
+ */
+object StudentTasks extends AutoPlugin {
+
+ override def requires = super.requires && MOOCSettings
+
+ object autoImport {
+ val packageSourcesOnly = TaskKey[File]("packageSourcesOnly", "Package the sources of the project")
+ val packageBinWithoutResources = TaskKey[File]("packageBinWithoutResources", "Like packageBin, but without the resources")
+
+ val packageSubmissionZip = TaskKey[File]("packageSubmissionZip")
+
+ val packageSubmission = inputKey[Unit]("package solution as an archive file")
+ lazy val Grading = config("grading") extend(Runtime)
+ }
+
+ import autoImport._
+
+ // Run scalafix linting after compilation to avoid seeing parser errors twice
+ // Keep in sync with the use of scalafix in Grader
+ // (--exclude doesn't work (https://github.com/lampepfl-courses/moocs/pull/28#issuecomment-427894795)
+ // so we customize unmanagedSources below instead)
+ val scalafixLinting = Def.taskDyn {
+ if (new File(".scalafix.conf").exists()) {
+ (Compile / scalafix).toTask(" --check").dependsOn(Compile / compile)
+ } else Def.task(())
+ }
+
+ val testsJar = file("grading-tests.jar")
+
+ override lazy val projectSettings = Seq(
+ // Run scalafix linting in parallel with the tests
+ (Test / test) := {
+ scalafixLinting.value
+ (Test / test).value
+ },
+
+ packageSubmissionSetting,
+
+ fork := true,
+ run / connectInput := true,
+ outputStrategy := Some(StdoutOutput),
+ scalafixConfig := {
+ val scalafixDotConf = (baseDirectory.value / ".scalafix.conf")
+ if (scalafixDotConf.exists) Some(scalafixDotConf) else None
+ }
+ ) ++ packageSubmissionZipSettings ++ (
+ if(testsJar.exists) inConfig(Grading)(Defaults.testSettings ++ Seq(
+ unmanagedJars += testsJar,
+ definedTests := (Test / definedTests).value,
+ internalDependencyClasspath := (Test / internalDependencyClasspath).value,
+ managedClasspath := (Test / managedClasspath).value,
+ ))
+ else Nil
+ )
+
+ val packageSubmissionZipSettings = Seq(
+ packageSubmissionZip := {
+ val submission = crossTarget.value / "submission.zip"
+ val sources = (Compile / packageSourcesOnly).value
+ val binaries = (Compile / packageBinWithoutResources).value
+ IO.zip(Seq(sources -> "sources.zip", binaries -> "binaries.jar"), submission, None)
+ submission
+ },
+ packageSourcesOnly / artifactClassifier := Some("sources"),
+ Compile / packageBinWithoutResources / artifact ~= (art => art.withName(art.name + "-without-resources"))
+ ) ++
+ inConfig(Compile)(
+ Defaults.packageTaskSettings(packageSourcesOnly, Defaults.sourceMappings) ++
+ Defaults.packageTaskSettings(packageBinWithoutResources, Def.task {
+ val relativePaths =
+ (Compile / resources).value.flatMap(Path.relativeTo((Compile / resourceDirectories).value)(_))
+ (Compile / packageBin / mappings).value.filterNot { case (_, path) => relativePaths.contains(path) }
+ })
+ )
+
+ val maxSubmitFileSize = {
+ val mb = 1024 * 1024
+ 10 * mb
+ }
+
+ def prepareJar(jar: File, s: TaskStreams): String = {
+ val errPrefix = "Error submitting assignment jar: "
+ val fileLength = jar.length()
+ if (!jar.exists()) {
+ s.log.error(errPrefix + "jar archive does not exist\n" + jar.getAbsolutePath)
+ failSubmit()
+ } else if (fileLength == 0L) {
+ s.log.error(errPrefix + "jar archive is empty\n" + jar.getAbsolutePath)
+ failSubmit()
+ } else if (fileLength > maxSubmitFileSize) {
+ s.log.error(errPrefix + "jar archive is too big. Allowed size: " +
+ maxSubmitFileSize + " bytes, found " + fileLength + " bytes.\n" +
+ jar.getAbsolutePath)
+ failSubmit()
+ } else {
+ val bytes = new Array[Byte](fileLength.toInt)
+ val sizeRead = try {
+ val is = new FileInputStream(jar)
+ val read = is.read(bytes)
+ is.close()
+ read
+ } catch {
+ case ex: IOException =>
+ s.log.error(errPrefix + "failed to read sources jar archive\n" + ex.toString)
+ failSubmit()
+ }
+ if (sizeRead != bytes.length) {
+ s.log.error(errPrefix + "failed to read the sources jar archive, size read: " + sizeRead)
+ failSubmit()
+ } else encodeBase64(bytes)
+ }
+ }
+
+ /** Task to package solution to a given file path */
+ lazy val packageSubmissionSetting = packageSubmission := {
+ // Fail if scalafix linting does not pass.
+ scalafixLinting.value
+
+ val args: Seq[String] = Def.spaceDelimited("[path]").parsed
+ val s: TaskStreams = streams.value // for logging
+ val jar = (Compile / packageSubmissionZip).value
+
+ val base64Jar = prepareJar(jar, s)
+
+ val path = args.headOption.getOrElse((baseDirectory.value / "submission.jar").absolutePath)
+ scala.tools.nsc.io.File(path).writeAll(base64Jar)
+ }
+
+ def failSubmit(): Nothing = {
+ sys.error("Submission failed")
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * *****************
+ * DEALING WITH JARS
+ */
+ def encodeBase64(bytes: Array[Byte]): String =
+ new String(Base64.encodeBase64(bytes))
+}
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/project/build.properties b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/project/build.properties
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3161d2146c631009a4d731d13510aeaddc9cf47e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/project/build.properties
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+sbt.version=1.6.1
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/project/buildSettings.sbt b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/project/buildSettings.sbt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1d987356b002ed0ad6c32492aa0bf2532370edf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/project/buildSettings.sbt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// Used for Coursera submission (StudentPlugin)
+libraryDependencies += "org.scalaj" %% "scalaj-http" % "2.4.2"
+libraryDependencies += "com.typesafe.play" %% "play-json" % "2.9.2"
+// Used for Base64 (StudentPlugin)
+libraryDependencies += "commons-codec" % "commons-codec" % "1.15"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/project/plugins.sbt b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/project/plugins.sbt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3c7aad8964d825963f87341033685db13d1000d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/project/plugins.sbt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+addSbtPlugin("ch.epfl.scala" % "sbt-scalafix" % "0.9.26")
+addSbtPlugin("com.typesafe.play" % "sbt-plugin" % "2.8.8")
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/src/main/scala/f3/FileSystem.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/src/main/scala/concpar21final03/FileSystem.scala
similarity index 84%
rename from previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/src/main/scala/f3/FileSystem.scala
rename to previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/src/main/scala/concpar21final03/FileSystem.scala
index 67933bdef54a1de2eddc9c6a6e3ab7a7ccceefcb..356e2a6e42f7fec83467b82b40fab6fa83bb9dcd 100644
--- a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/src/main/scala/f3/FileSystem.scala
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/src/main/scala/concpar21final03/FileSystem.scala
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-package f3
+package concpar21final03
-import instrumentation._
+import instrumentation.*
import scala.collection.mutable
import scala.collection.concurrent.TrieMap
@@ -11,16 +11,18 @@ type FileName = String
trait FileSystem:
/** Create a new file named `file` with the passed `content`. */
def createFile(file: FileName, content: String): Unit
+
/** If `file` exists, return its content, otherwise crashes. */
def readFile(file: FileName): String
+
/** If `file` exists, delete it, otherwise crash. */
def deleteFile(file: FileName): Unit
end FileSystem
/** An in-memory file system for testing purposes implemented using a Map.
- *
- * Every method in this class is thread-safe.
- */
+ *
+ * Every method in this class is thread-safe.
+ */
class InMemoryFileSystem extends FileSystem:
val fsMap: mutable.Map[FileName, String] = TrieMap()
@@ -31,7 +33,7 @@ class InMemoryFileSystem extends FileSystem:
def readFile(file: FileName): String =
fsMap.get(file) match
case Some(content) => content
- case None => assert(false, s"Attempt to read non-existing $file")
+ case None => assert(false, s"Attempt to read non-existing $file")
def deleteFile(file: FileName): Unit =
fsMap.remove(file)
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/src/main/scala/f3/RCU.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/src/main/scala/concpar21final03/RCU.scala
similarity index 73%
rename from previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/src/main/scala/f3/RCU.scala
rename to previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/src/main/scala/concpar21final03/RCU.scala
index 28810b235ab5714068d74bef01287d19bd87fc02..8bfe685e22528da4c61b8b711ecd25951b5401b5 100644
--- a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/src/main/scala/f3/RCU.scala
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/src/main/scala/concpar21final03/RCU.scala
@@ -1,31 +1,35 @@
-package f3
+package concpar21final03
-import instrumentation._
+import instrumentation.*
/** A synchronization mechanism allowing multiple reads to proceed concurrently
- * with an update to the state.
- */
+ * with an update to the state.
+ */
class RCU extends Monitor:
protected val latestVersion: AtomicLong = AtomicLong(0)
protected val readersVersion: ThreadMap[Long] = ThreadMap()
/** This method must be called before accessing shared data for reading. */
def startRead(): Unit =
- assert(!readersVersion.currentThreadHasValue,
- "startRead() cannot be called multiple times without an intervening stopRead()")
+ assert(
+ !readersVersion.currentThreadHasValue,
+ "startRead() cannot be called multiple times without an intervening stopRead()"
+ )
readersVersion.setCurrentThreadValue(latestVersion.get)
/** Once a thread which has previously called `startRead` has finished reading
- * shared data, it must call this method.
- */
+ * shared data, it must call this method.
+ */
def stopRead(): Unit =
- assert(readersVersion.currentThreadHasValue,
- "stopRead() cannot be called without a preceding startRead()")
+ assert(
+ readersVersion.currentThreadHasValue,
+ "stopRead() cannot be called without a preceding startRead()"
+ )
readersVersion.deleteCurrentThreadValue()
/** Wait until all reads started before this method was called have finished,
- * then return.
- */
+ * then return.
+ */
def waitForOldReads(): Unit =
val newVersion = latestVersion.incrementAndGet()
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/src/main/scala/f3/ThreadMap.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/src/main/scala/concpar21final03/ThreadMap.scala
similarity index 79%
rename from previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/src/main/scala/f3/ThreadMap.scala
rename to previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/src/main/scala/concpar21final03/ThreadMap.scala
index c72aa86d481a4c6f5aac0e9fb2f58d88407befc4..f58426f8507b1601aff2d52446aa2ca6f780455d 100644
--- a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/src/main/scala/f3/ThreadMap.scala
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/src/main/scala/concpar21final03/ThreadMap.scala
@@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
-package f3
+package concpar21final03
-import instrumentation._
+import instrumentation.*
import scala.collection.mutable
/** A map which associates every thread to at most one value of type A.
- *
- * Every method in this class is thread-safe.
- */
+ *
+ * Every method in this class is thread-safe.
+ */
class ThreadMap[A] extends Monitor:
protected val theMap: mutable.Map[Thread, A] = mutable.Map()
/** Return the value in the map entry for the current thread if it exists,
- * otherwise None. */
+ * otherwise None.
+ */
def currentThreadValue: Option[A] = synchronized {
theMap.get(Thread.currentThread)
}
@@ -25,7 +26,8 @@ class ThreadMap[A] extends Monitor:
}
/** Set the map entry of the current thread to `value` and notify any thread
- * waiting on `waitForall`. */
+ * waiting on `waitForall`.
+ */
def setCurrentThreadValue(value: A): Unit =
synchronized {
@@ -34,7 +36,8 @@ class ThreadMap[A] extends Monitor:
}
/** Delete the map entry associated with this thread (if it exists) and notify
- * all threads waiting in `waitForall`. */
+ * all threads waiting in `waitForall`.
+ */
def deleteCurrentThreadValue(): Unit =
synchronized {
@@ -46,8 +49,7 @@ class ThreadMap[A] extends Monitor:
def waitForall(predicate: A => Boolean): Unit =
synchronized {
- while !theMap.forall((_, value) => predicate(value)) do
- wait()
+ while !theMap.forall((_, value) => predicate(value)) do wait()
}
end ThreadMap
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/src/main/scala/f3/UpdateServer.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/src/main/scala/concpar21final03/UpdateServer.scala
similarity index 57%
rename from previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/src/main/scala/f3/UpdateServer.scala
rename to previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/src/main/scala/concpar21final03/UpdateServer.scala
index 9f29916cc22ee9a076b22e35a00f152d9adda518..9a6c59fedd2f112ad1dc6fa98784b951c7baaee4 100644
--- a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/src/main/scala/f3/UpdateServer.scala
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/src/main/scala/concpar21final03/UpdateServer.scala
@@ -1,23 +1,24 @@
-package f3
+package concpar21final03
-import instrumentation._
+import instrumentation.*
class UpdateServer(fs: FileSystem) extends Monitor:
val rcu = new RCU
/** The name of the file containing the latest update.
- *
- * This is `@volatile` to guarantee that `fetchUpdate` always sees the latest
- * filename.
- */
+ *
+ * This is `@volatile` to guarantee that `fetchUpdate` always sees the latest
+ * filename.
+ */
@volatile private var updateFile: Option[FileName] = None
- /** Return the content of the latest update if one is available, otherwise None.
- *
- * This method is thread-safe.
- */
+ /** Return the content of the latest update if one is available, otherwise
+ * None.
+ *
+ * This method is thread-safe.
+ */
def fetchUpdate(): Option[String] =
- // TODO: use `rcu`
+ // TODO: use `rcu`
rcu.startRead()
val value = updateFile.map(fs.readFile)
@@ -25,14 +26,14 @@ class UpdateServer(fs: FileSystem) extends Monitor:
value
/** Define a new update, more precisely this will:
- * - Create a new update file called `newName` with content `newContent`
- * - Ensure that any future call to `fetchUpdate` returns the new update
- * content.
- * - Delete the old update file.
- *
- * This method is _NOT_ thread-safe, it cannot be safely called from multiple
- * threads at once.
- */
+ * - Create a new update file called `newName` with content `newContent`
+ * - Ensure that any future call to `fetchUpdate` returns the new update
+ * content.
+ * - Delete the old update file.
+ *
+ * This method is _NOT_ thread-safe, it cannot be safely called from multiple
+ * threads at once.
+ */
def newUpdate(newName: FileName, newContent: String): Unit =
// TODO: use `rcu`
val oldFile = updateFile
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/src/main/scala/f3/instrumentation/AtomicLong.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/src/main/scala/concpar21final03/instrumentation/AtomicLong.scala
similarity index 76%
rename from previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/src/main/scala/f3/instrumentation/AtomicLong.scala
rename to previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/src/main/scala/concpar21final03/instrumentation/AtomicLong.scala
index c3319302df0d8cd7125b7e71f840b208b3a87675..83389517581463c2a6a3895ef9a82611ef723bbe 100644
--- a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/src/main/scala/f3/instrumentation/AtomicLong.scala
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/src/main/scala/concpar21final03/instrumentation/AtomicLong.scala
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package f3.instrumentation
+package concpar21final03.instrumentation
/** A long value that may be updated atomically. */
class AtomicLong(initial: Long):
@@ -11,19 +11,23 @@ class AtomicLong(initial: Long):
/** Set to the given `value`. */
def set(value: Long): Unit = atomic.set(value)
- /** Atomically increment by one the current value and return the _original_ value. */
+ /** Atomically increment by one the current value and return the _original_
+ * value.
+ */
def getAndIncrement(): Long =
atomic.getAndIncrement()
- /** Atomically increment by one the current value and return the _updated_ value. */
+ /** Atomically increment by one the current value and return the _updated_
+ * value.
+ */
def incrementAndGet(): Long =
atomic.incrementAndGet()
/** Atomically set the value to `newValue` if the current value == `expected`.
- *
- * Return true if successful, otherwise return false to indicate that the
- * actual value was not equal to the expected value.
- */
+ *
+ * Return true if successful, otherwise return false to indicate that the
+ * actual value was not equal to the expected value.
+ */
def compareAndSet(expected: Long, newValue: Long): Boolean =
atomic.compareAndSet(expected, newValue)
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/src/main/scala/f3/instrumentation/Monitor.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/src/main/scala/concpar21final03/instrumentation/Monitor.scala
similarity index 78%
rename from previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/src/main/scala/f3/instrumentation/Monitor.scala
rename to previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/src/main/scala/concpar21final03/instrumentation/Monitor.scala
index 3f0a851244cbd236a7be40e9eeedaf79d922a50a..ac6f6d2b25276a007b75d042ad8a81be7b620c51 100644
--- a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/src/main/scala/f3/instrumentation/Monitor.scala
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/src/main/scala/concpar21final03/instrumentation/Monitor.scala
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-package f3.instrumentation
+package concpar21final03.instrumentation
class Dummy
-trait Monitor {
+trait Monitor:
implicit val dummy: Dummy = new Dummy
def wait()(implicit i: Dummy) = waitDefault()
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ trait Monitor {
// Can be overridden.
def waitDefault(): Unit = lock.wait()
- def synchronizedDefault[T](toExecute: =>T): T = lock.synchronized(toExecute)
+ def synchronizedDefault[T](toExecute: => T): T = lock.synchronized(toExecute)
def notifyDefault(): Unit = lock.notify()
def notifyAllDefault(): Unit = lock.notifyAll()
-}
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/src/test/scala/concpar21final03/Problem3Suite.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/src/test/scala/concpar21final03/Problem3Suite.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f4b0b8ff6d8255dafcd3244bd974956adea8a467
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/src/test/scala/concpar21final03/Problem3Suite.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+package concpar21final03
+
+import scala.annotation.tailrec
+import scala.concurrent.*
+import scala.concurrent.duration.*
+import scala.collection.mutable.HashMap
+import scala.util.Random
+import instrumentation.*
+import instrumentation.TestHelper.*
+import instrumentation.TestUtils.*
+
+class Problem3Suite extends munit.FunSuite:
+
+ test("Part 1: ThreadMap (3pts)") {
+ testManySchedules(
+ 4,
+ sched =>
+ val tmap = new SchedulableThreadMap[Int](sched)
+
+ def writeThread(): Unit =
+ tmap.setCurrentThreadValue(0)
+ tmap.setCurrentThreadValue(-1)
+ val readBack = tmap.currentThreadValue
+ assertEquals(readBack, Some(-1))
+
+ def writeAndDeleteThread(): Unit =
+ tmap.setCurrentThreadValue(42)
+ tmap.deleteCurrentThreadValue()
+
+ @tailrec
+ def waitThread(): Unit =
+ tmap.waitForall(_ < 0)
+ val all = tmap.allValues
+ if all != List(-1) then waitThread()
+
+ val threads = List(
+ () => writeThread(),
+ () => writeAndDeleteThread(),
+ () => waitThread(),
+ () => waitThread()
+ )
+
+ (threads, _ => (true, ""))
+ )
+ }
+
+ test("Part 2: RCU (5pts)") {
+ testManySchedules(
+ 3,
+ sched =>
+ val rcu = new SchedulableRCU(sched)
+
+ case class State(
+ value: Int,
+ isDeleted: AtomicLong = SchedulableAtomicLong(0, sched, "isDeleted")
+ )
+
+ val sharedState =
+ SchedulableAtomicReference(State(0), sched, "sharedState")
+
+ def readThread(): Unit =
+ rcu.startRead()
+ val state = sharedState.get
+ val stateWasDeleted = state.isDeleted.get != 0
+ assert(
+ !stateWasDeleted,
+ "RCU shared state deleted in the middle of a read."
+ )
+ rcu.stopRead()
+
+ def writeThread(): Unit =
+ val oldState = sharedState.get
+ sharedState.set(State(oldState.value + 1))
+ rcu.waitForOldReads()
+ oldState.isDeleted.set(1)
+
+ val threads = List(
+ () => readThread(),
+ () => readThread(),
+ () => writeThread()
+ )
+
+ (threads, _ => (true, ""))
+ )
+ }
+
+ test("Part 3: UpdateServer (2pts)") {
+ testManySchedules(
+ 3,
+ sched =>
+ val fs = SchedulableInMemoryFileSystem(sched)
+ val server = new SchedulableUpdateServer(sched, fs)
+
+ def writeThread(): Unit =
+ server.newUpdate("update1.bin", "Update 1")
+ server.newUpdate("update2.bin", "Update 2")
+ assertEquals(fs.fsMap.toSet, Set("update2.bin" -> "Update 2"))
+
+ def fetchThread(): Unit =
+ val res = server.fetchUpdate()
+ assert(
+ List(None, Some("Update 1"), Some("Update 2")).contains(res),
+ s"fetchUpdate returned unexpected value $res"
+ )
+
+ val threads = List(
+ () => writeThread(),
+ () => fetchThread(),
+ () => fetchThread()
+ )
+
+ (threads, _ => (true, ""))
+ )
+ }
+
+ import scala.concurrent.duration.*
+ override val munitTimeout = 200.seconds
+end Problem3Suite
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/src/test/scala/concpar21final03/instrumentation/AtomicReference.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/src/test/scala/concpar21final03/instrumentation/AtomicReference.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..784e02a4f5f197e7a8e1e518e81b267299ae5adc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/src/test/scala/concpar21final03/instrumentation/AtomicReference.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+package concpar21final03.instrumentation
+
+class AtomicReference[T](initial: T):
+
+ private val atomic =
+ new java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference[T](initial)
+
+ def get: T = atomic.get()
+
+ def set(value: T): Unit = atomic.set(value)
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/src/test/scala/concpar21final03/instrumentation/MockedMonitor.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/src/test/scala/concpar21final03/instrumentation/MockedMonitor.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..af27165bc0e22a3f8e9e5940f8ec045b42951ac2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/src/test/scala/concpar21final03/instrumentation/MockedMonitor.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+package concpar21final03.instrumentation
+
+trait MockedMonitor extends Monitor:
+ def scheduler: Scheduler
+
+ // Can be overriden.
+ override def waitDefault() =
+ scheduler.log("wait")
+ scheduler updateThreadState Wait(this, scheduler.threadLocks.tail)
+ override def synchronizedDefault[T](toExecute: => T): T =
+ scheduler.log("synchronized check")
+ val prevLocks = scheduler.threadLocks
+ scheduler updateThreadState Sync(
+ this,
+ prevLocks
+ ) // If this belongs to prevLocks, should just continue.
+ scheduler.log("synchronized -> enter")
+ try toExecute
+ finally
+ scheduler updateThreadState Running(prevLocks)
+ scheduler.log("synchronized -> out")
+ override def notifyDefault() =
+ scheduler mapOtherStates { state =>
+ state match
+ case Wait(lockToAquire, locks) if lockToAquire == this =>
+ SyncUnique(this, state.locks)
+ case e => e
+ }
+ scheduler.log("notify")
+ override def notifyAllDefault() =
+ scheduler mapOtherStates { state =>
+ state match
+ case Wait(lockToAquire, locks) if lockToAquire == this =>
+ Sync(this, state.locks)
+ case SyncUnique(lockToAquire, locks) if lockToAquire == this =>
+ Sync(this, state.locks)
+ case e => e
+ }
+ scheduler.log("notifyAll")
+
+trait LockFreeMonitor extends Monitor:
+ override def waitDefault() =
+ throw new Exception("Please use lock-free structures and do not use wait()")
+ override def synchronizedDefault[T](toExecute: => T): T =
+ throw new Exception(
+ "Please use lock-free structures and do not use synchronized()"
+ )
+ override def notifyDefault() =
+ throw new Exception(
+ "Please use lock-free structures and do not use notify()"
+ )
+ override def notifyAllDefault() =
+ throw new Exception(
+ "Please use lock-free structures and do not use notifyAll()"
+ )
+
+abstract class ThreadState:
+ def locks: Seq[AnyRef]
+trait CanContinueIfAcquiresLock extends ThreadState:
+ def lockToAquire: AnyRef
+case object Start extends ThreadState:
+ def locks: Seq[AnyRef] = Seq.empty
+case object End extends ThreadState:
+ def locks: Seq[AnyRef] = Seq.empty
+case class Wait(lockToAquire: AnyRef, locks: Seq[AnyRef]) extends ThreadState
+case class SyncUnique(lockToAquire: AnyRef, locks: Seq[AnyRef])
+ extends ThreadState
+ with CanContinueIfAcquiresLock
+case class Sync(lockToAquire: AnyRef, locks: Seq[AnyRef])
+ extends ThreadState
+ with CanContinueIfAcquiresLock
+case class Running(locks: Seq[AnyRef]) extends ThreadState
+case class VariableReadWrite(locks: Seq[AnyRef]) extends ThreadState
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/src/test/scala/concpar21final03/instrumentation/Scheduler.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/src/test/scala/concpar21final03/instrumentation/Scheduler.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3a82787deb0703497771f9efd42927a48fb981e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/src/test/scala/concpar21final03/instrumentation/Scheduler.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,318 @@
+package concpar21final03.instrumentation
+
+import java.util.concurrent.*;
+import scala.concurrent.duration.*
+import scala.collection.mutable.*
+import Stats.*
+
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger
+
+sealed abstract class Result
+case class RetVal(rets: List[Any]) extends Result
+case class Except(msg: String, stackTrace: Array[StackTraceElement])
+ extends Result
+case class Timeout(msg: String) extends Result
+
+/** A class that maintains schedule and a set of thread ids. The schedules are
+ * advanced after an operation of a SchedulableBuffer is performed. Note: the
+ * real schedule that is executed may deviate from the input schedule due to
+ * the adjustments that had to be made for locks
+ */
+class Scheduler(sched: List[Int]):
+ val maxOps =
+ 500 // a limit on the maximum number of operations the code is allowed to perform
+
+ private var schedule = sched
+ private var numThreads = 0
+ private val realToFakeThreadId = Map[Long, Int]()
+ private val opLog =
+ ListBuffer[String]() // a mutable list (used for efficient concat)
+ private val threadStates = Map[Int, ThreadState]()
+
+ /** Runs a set of operations in parallel as per the schedule. Each operation
+ * may consist of many primitive operations like reads or writes to shared
+ * data structure each of which should be executed using the function `exec`.
+ * @timeout
+ * in milliseconds
+ * @return
+ * true - all threads completed on time, false -some tests timed out.
+ */
+ def runInParallel(timeout: Long, ops: List[() => Any]): Result =
+ numThreads = ops.length
+ val threadRes = Array.fill(numThreads) { None: Any }
+ var exception: Option[Except] = None
+ val syncObject = new Object()
+ var completed = new AtomicInteger(0)
+ // create threads
+ val threads = ops.zipWithIndex.map { case (op, i) =>
+ new Thread(
+ new Runnable():
+ def run(): Unit =
+ val fakeId = i + 1
+ setThreadId(fakeId)
+ try
+ updateThreadState(Start)
+ val res = op()
+ updateThreadState(End)
+ threadRes(i) = res
+ // notify the master thread if all threads have completed
+ if completed.incrementAndGet() == ops.length then
+ syncObject.synchronized { syncObject.notifyAll() }
+ catch
+ case e: Throwable
+ if exception != None => // do nothing here and silently fail
+ case e: Throwable =>
+ log(s"throw ${e.toString}")
+ exception = Some(
+ Except(
+ s"Thread $fakeId crashed on the following schedule: \n" + opLog
+ .mkString("\n"),
+ e.getStackTrace
+ )
+ )
+ syncObject.synchronized { syncObject.notifyAll() }
+ // println(s"$fakeId: ${e.toString}")
+ // Runtime.getRuntime().halt(0) //exit the JVM and all running threads (no other way to kill other threads)
+ )
+ }
+ // start all threads
+ threads.foreach(_.start())
+ // wait for all threads to complete, or for an exception to be thrown, or for the time out to expire
+ var remTime = timeout
+ syncObject.synchronized {
+ timed { if completed.get() != ops.length then syncObject.wait(timeout) } {
+ time => remTime -= time
+ }
+ }
+ if exception.isDefined then exception.get
+ else if remTime <= 1
+ then // timeout ? using 1 instead of zero to allow for some errors
+ Timeout(opLog.mkString("\n"))
+ else
+ // every thing executed normally
+ RetVal(threadRes.toList)
+
+ // Updates the state of the current thread
+ def updateThreadState(state: ThreadState): Unit =
+ val tid = threadId
+ synchronized {
+ threadStates(tid) = state
+ }
+ state match
+ case Sync(lockToAquire, locks) =>
+ if locks.indexOf(lockToAquire) < 0 then waitForTurn
+ else
+ // Re-aqcuiring the same lock
+ updateThreadState(Running(lockToAquire +: locks))
+ case Start => waitStart()
+ case End => removeFromSchedule(tid)
+ case Running(_) =>
+ case _ => waitForTurn // Wait, SyncUnique, VariableReadWrite
+
+ def waitStart(): Unit =
+ // while (threadStates.size < numThreads) {
+ // Thread.sleep(1)
+ // }
+ synchronized {
+ if threadStates.size < numThreads then wait()
+ else notifyAll()
+ }
+
+ def threadLocks =
+ synchronized {
+ threadStates(threadId).locks
+ }
+
+ def threadState =
+ synchronized {
+ threadStates(threadId)
+ }
+
+ def mapOtherStates(f: ThreadState => ThreadState) =
+ val exception = threadId
+ synchronized {
+ for k <- threadStates.keys if k != exception do
+ threadStates(k) = f(threadStates(k))
+ }
+
+ def log(str: String) =
+ if (realToFakeThreadId contains Thread.currentThread().getId()) then
+ val space = (" " * ((threadId - 1) * 2))
+ val s =
+ space + threadId + ":" + "\n".r.replaceAllIn(str, "\n" + space + " ")
+ opLog += s
+
+ /** Executes a read or write operation to a global data structure as per the
+ * given schedule
+ * @param msg
+ * a message corresponding to the operation that will be logged
+ */
+ def exec[T](
+ primop: => T
+ )(msg: => String, postMsg: => Option[T => String] = None): T =
+ if !(realToFakeThreadId contains Thread.currentThread().getId()) then primop
+ else {
+ updateThreadState(VariableReadWrite(threadLocks))
+ val m = msg
+ if m != "" then log(m)
+ if opLog.size > maxOps then
+ throw new Exception(
+ s"Total number of reads/writes performed by threads exceed $maxOps. A possible deadlock!"
+ )
+ val res = primop
+ postMsg match
+ case Some(m) => log(m(res))
+ case None =>
+ res
+ }
+
+ private def setThreadId(fakeId: Int) = synchronized {
+ realToFakeThreadId(Thread.currentThread.getId) = fakeId
+ }
+
+ def threadId =
+ try realToFakeThreadId(Thread.currentThread().getId())
+ catch
+ case e: NoSuchElementException =>
+ throw new Exception(
+ "You are accessing shared variables in the constructor. This is not allowed. The variables are already initialized!"
+ )
+
+ private def isTurn(tid: Int) = synchronized {
+ (!schedule.isEmpty && schedule.head != tid)
+ }
+
+ def canProceed(): Boolean =
+ val tid = threadId
+ canContinue match
+ case Some((i, state)) if i == tid =>
+ // println(s"$tid: Runs ! Was in state $state")
+ canContinue = None
+ state match
+ case Sync(lockToAquire, locks) =>
+ updateThreadState(Running(lockToAquire +: locks))
+ case SyncUnique(lockToAquire, locks) =>
+ mapOtherStates {
+ _ match
+ case SyncUnique(lockToAquire2, locks2)
+ if lockToAquire2 == lockToAquire =>
+ Wait(lockToAquire2, locks2)
+ case e => e
+ }
+ updateThreadState(Running(lockToAquire +: locks))
+ case VariableReadWrite(locks) => updateThreadState(Running(locks))
+ true
+ case Some((i, state)) =>
+ // println(s"$tid: not my turn but $i !")
+ false
+ case None =>
+ false
+
+ var threadPreference =
+ 0 // In the case the schedule is over, which thread should have the preference to execute.
+
+ /** returns true if the thread can continue to execute, and false otherwise */
+ def decide(): Option[(Int, ThreadState)] =
+ if !threadStates.isEmpty
+ then // The last thread who enters the decision loop takes the decision.
+ // println(s"$threadId: I'm taking a decision")
+ if threadStates.values.forall {
+ case e: Wait => true
+ case _ => false
+ }
+ then
+ val waiting = threadStates.keys.map(_.toString).mkString(", ")
+ val s = if threadStates.size > 1 then "s" else ""
+ val are = if threadStates.size > 1 then "are" else "is"
+ throw new Exception(
+ s"Deadlock: Thread$s $waiting $are waiting but all others have ended and cannot notify them."
+ )
+ else {
+ // Threads can be in Wait, Sync, SyncUnique, and VariableReadWrite mode.
+ // Let's determine which ones can continue.
+ val notFree =
+ threadStates.collect { case (id, state) => state.locks }.flatten.toSet
+ val threadsNotBlocked = threadStates.toSeq.filter {
+ case (id, v: VariableReadWrite) => true
+ case (id, v: CanContinueIfAcquiresLock) =>
+ !notFree(v.lockToAquire) || (v.locks contains v.lockToAquire)
+ case _ => false
+ }
+ if threadsNotBlocked.isEmpty then
+ val waiting = threadStates.keys.map(_.toString).mkString(", ")
+ val s = if threadStates.size > 1 then "s" else ""
+ val are = if threadStates.size > 1 then "are" else "is"
+ val whoHasLock = threadStates.toSeq.flatMap { case (id, state) =>
+ state.locks.map(lock => (lock, id))
+ }.toMap
+ val reason = threadStates
+ .collect {
+ case (id, state: CanContinueIfAcquiresLock)
+ if !notFree(state.lockToAquire) =>
+ s"Thread $id is waiting on lock ${state.lockToAquire} held by thread ${whoHasLock(state.lockToAquire)}"
+ }
+ .mkString("\n")
+ throw new Exception(
+ s"Deadlock: Thread$s $waiting are interlocked. Indeed:\n$reason"
+ )
+ else if threadsNotBlocked.size == 1
+ then // Do not consume the schedule if only one thread can execute.
+ Some(threadsNotBlocked(0))
+ else {
+ val next = schedule.indexWhere(t =>
+ threadsNotBlocked.exists { case (id, state) => id == t }
+ )
+ if next != -1 then
+ // println(s"$threadId: schedule is $schedule, next chosen is ${schedule(next)}")
+ val chosenOne = schedule(
+ next
+ ) // TODO: Make schedule a mutable list.
+ schedule = schedule.take(next) ++ schedule.drop(next + 1)
+ Some((chosenOne, threadStates(chosenOne)))
+ else {
+ threadPreference = (threadPreference + 1) % threadsNotBlocked.size
+ val chosenOne = threadsNotBlocked(
+ threadPreference
+ ) // Maybe another strategy
+ Some(chosenOne)
+ // threadsNotBlocked.indexOf(threadId) >= 0
+ /*
+ val tnb = threadsNotBlocked.map(_._1).mkString(",")
+ val s = if (schedule.isEmpty) "empty" else schedule.mkString(",")
+ val only = if (schedule.isEmpty) "" else " only"
+ throw new Exception(s"The schedule is $s but$only threads ${tnb} can continue")*/
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ else canContinue
+
+ /** This will be called before a schedulable operation begins. This should not
+ * use synchronized
+ */
+ var numThreadsWaiting = new AtomicInteger(0)
+ // var waitingForDecision = Map[Int, Option[Int]]() // Mapping from thread ids to a number indicating who is going to make the choice.
+ var canContinue: Option[(Int, ThreadState)] =
+ None // The result of the decision thread Id of the thread authorized to continue.
+ private def waitForTurn =
+ synchronized {
+ if numThreadsWaiting.incrementAndGet() == threadStates.size then
+ canContinue = decide()
+ notifyAll()
+ // waitingForDecision(threadId) = Some(numThreadsWaiting)
+ // println(s"$threadId Entering waiting with ticket number $numThreadsWaiting/${waitingForDecision.size}")
+ while !canProceed() do wait()
+ }
+ numThreadsWaiting.decrementAndGet()
+
+ /** To be invoked when a thread is about to complete
+ */
+ private def removeFromSchedule(fakeid: Int) = synchronized {
+ // println(s"$fakeid: I'm taking a decision because I finished")
+ schedule = schedule.filterNot(_ == fakeid)
+ threadStates -= fakeid
+ if numThreadsWaiting.get() == threadStates.size then
+ canContinue = decide()
+ notifyAll()
+ }
+
+ def getOperationLog() = opLog
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/src/test/scala/concpar21final03/instrumentation/Stats.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/src/test/scala/concpar21final03/instrumentation/Stats.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..455db032e2ade71dab13037e9ad14144f76b988f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/src/test/scala/concpar21final03/instrumentation/Stats.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+/* Copyright 2009-2015 EPFL, Lausanne */
+package concpar21final03.instrumentation
+
+import java.lang.management.*
+
+/** A collection of methods that can be used to collect run-time statistics
+ * about Leon programs. This is mostly used to test the resources properties of
+ * Leon programs
+ */
+object Stats:
+ def timed[T](code: => T)(cont: Long => Unit): T =
+ var t1 = System.currentTimeMillis()
+ val r = code
+ cont((System.currentTimeMillis() - t1))
+ r
+
+ def withTime[T](code: => T): (T, Long) =
+ var t1 = System.currentTimeMillis()
+ val r = code
+ (r, (System.currentTimeMillis() - t1))
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/src/test/scala/concpar21final03/instrumentation/TestHelper.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/src/test/scala/concpar21final03/instrumentation/TestHelper.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1698dcd39bffa2cabb826b34be05ebf5728ea60d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/src/test/scala/concpar21final03/instrumentation/TestHelper.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+package concpar21final03.instrumentation
+
+import scala.util.Random
+import scala.collection.mutable.{Map as MutableMap}
+
+import Stats.*
+
+object TestHelper:
+ val noOfSchedules = 10000 // set this to 100k during deployment
+ val readWritesPerThread =
+ 20 // maximum number of read/writes possible in one thread
+ val contextSwitchBound = 10
+ val testTimeout = 150 // the total time out for a test in seconds
+ val schedTimeout =
+ 15 // the total time out for execution of a schedule in secs
+
+ // Helpers
+ /*def testManySchedules(op1: => Any): Unit = testManySchedules(List(() => op1))
+ def testManySchedules(op1: => Any, op2: => Any): Unit = testManySchedules(List(() => op1, () => op2))
+ def testManySchedules(op1: => Any, op2: => Any, op3: => Any): Unit = testManySchedules(List(() => op1, () => op2, () => op3))
+ def testManySchedules(op1: => Any, op2: => Any, op3: => Any, op4: => Any): Unit = testManySchedules(List(() => op1, () => op2, () => op3, () => op4))*/
+
+ def testSequential[T](
+ ops: Scheduler => Any
+ )(assertions: T => (Boolean, String)) =
+ testManySchedules(
+ 1,
+ (sched: Scheduler) =>
+ (
+ List(() => ops(sched)),
+ (res: List[Any]) => assertions(res.head.asInstanceOf[T])
+ )
+ )
+
+ /** @numThreads
+ * number of threads
+ * @ops
+ * operations to be executed, one per thread
+ * @assertion
+ * as condition that will executed after all threads have completed
+ * (without exceptions) the arguments are the results of the threads
+ */
+ def testManySchedules(
+ numThreads: Int,
+ ops: Scheduler => (
+ List[() => Any], // Threads
+ List[Any] => (Boolean, String)
+ ) // Assertion
+ ) =
+ var timeout = testTimeout * 1000L
+ val threadIds = (1 to numThreads)
+ // (1 to scheduleLength).flatMap(_ => threadIds).toList.permutations.take(noOfSchedules).foreach {
+ val schedules = (new ScheduleGenerator(numThreads)).schedules()
+ var schedsExplored = 0
+ schedules
+ .takeWhile(_ => schedsExplored <= noOfSchedules && timeout > 0)
+ .foreach {
+ // case _ if timeout <= 0 => // break
+ case schedule =>
+ schedsExplored += 1
+ val schedr = new Scheduler(schedule)
+ // println("Exploring Sched: "+schedule)
+ val (threadOps, assertion) = ops(schedr)
+ if threadOps.size != numThreads then
+ throw new IllegalStateException(
+ s"Number of threads: $numThreads, do not match operations of threads: $threadOps"
+ )
+ timed { schedr.runInParallel(schedTimeout * 1000, threadOps) } { t =>
+ timeout -= t
+ } match
+ case Timeout(msg) =>
+ throw new java.lang.AssertionError(
+ "assertion failed\n" + "The schedule took too long to complete. A possible deadlock! \n" + msg
+ )
+ case Except(msg, stkTrace) =>
+ val traceStr = "Thread Stack trace: \n" + stkTrace
+ .map(" at " + _.toString)
+ .mkString("\n")
+ throw new java.lang.AssertionError(
+ "assertion failed\n" + msg + "\n" + traceStr
+ )
+ case RetVal(threadRes) =>
+ // check the assertion
+ val (success, custom_msg) = assertion(threadRes)
+ if !success then
+ val msg =
+ "The following schedule resulted in wrong results: \n" + custom_msg + "\n" + schedr
+ .getOperationLog()
+ .mkString("\n")
+ throw new java.lang.AssertionError("Assertion failed: " + msg)
+ }
+ if timeout <= 0 then
+ throw new java.lang.AssertionError(
+ "Test took too long to complete! Cannot check all schedules as your code is too slow!"
+ )
+
+ /** A schedule generator that is based on the context bound
+ */
+ class ScheduleGenerator(numThreads: Int):
+ val scheduleLength = readWritesPerThread * numThreads
+ val rands = (1 to scheduleLength).map(i => new Random(0xcafe * i)) // random numbers for choosing a thread at each position
+ def schedules(): LazyList[List[Int]] =
+ var contextSwitches = 0
+ var contexts =
+ List[Int]() // a stack of thread ids in the order of context-switches
+ val remainingOps = MutableMap[Int, Int]()
+ remainingOps ++= (1 to numThreads).map(i =>
+ (i, readWritesPerThread)
+ ) // num ops remaining in each thread
+ val liveThreads = (1 to numThreads).toSeq.toBuffer
+
+ /** Updates remainingOps and liveThreads once a thread is chosen for a
+ * position in the schedule
+ */
+ def updateState(tid: Int): Unit =
+ val remOps = remainingOps(tid)
+ if remOps == 0 then liveThreads -= tid
+ else remainingOps += (tid -> (remOps - 1))
+ val schedule = rands.foldLeft(List[Int]()) {
+ case (acc, r) if contextSwitches < contextSwitchBound =>
+ val tid = liveThreads(r.nextInt(liveThreads.size))
+ contexts match
+ case prev :: tail
+ if prev != tid => // we have a new context switch here
+ contexts +:= tid
+ contextSwitches += 1
+ case prev :: tail =>
+ case _ => // init case
+ contexts +:= tid
+ updateState(tid)
+ acc :+ tid
+ case (
+ acc,
+ _
+ ) => // here context-bound has been reached so complete the schedule without any more context switches
+ if !contexts.isEmpty then
+ contexts = contexts.dropWhile(remainingOps(_) == 0)
+ val tid = contexts match
+ case top :: tail => top
+ case _ =>
+ liveThreads(
+ 0
+ ) // here, there has to be threads that have not even started
+ updateState(tid)
+ acc :+ tid
+ }
+ schedule #:: schedules()
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/src/test/scala/concpar21final03/instrumentation/TestUtils.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/src/test/scala/concpar21final03/instrumentation/TestUtils.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0c9534b81cd3123661c6767df378422fb8a0c959
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/src/test/scala/concpar21final03/instrumentation/TestUtils.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package concpar21final03.instrumentation
+
+import scala.concurrent.*
+import scala.concurrent.duration.*
+import scala.concurrent.ExecutionContext.Implicits.global
+
+object TestUtils:
+ def failsOrTimesOut[T](action: => T): Boolean =
+ val asyncAction = Future {
+ action
+ }
+ try Await.result(asyncAction, 2000.millisecond)
+ catch case _: Throwable => return true
+ return false
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/src/test/scala/f3/overrides.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/src/test/scala/concpar21final03/overrides.scala
similarity index 57%
rename from previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/src/test/scala/f3/overrides.scala
rename to previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/src/test/scala/concpar21final03/overrides.scala
index 47fcaac2dc58dd99dad245f81aea6823ab4f6171..dd9c8b9a985d04ca38fe169e573a9aee0db86010 100644
--- a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/src/test/scala/f3/overrides.scala
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/concpar21final03/src/test/scala/concpar21final03/overrides.scala
@@ -1,28 +1,30 @@
-package f3
+package concpar21final03
-import instrumentation._
+import instrumentation.*
-class SchedulableThreadMap[A](val scheduler: Scheduler) extends ThreadMap[A] with MockedMonitor:
+class SchedulableThreadMap[A](val scheduler: Scheduler)
+ extends ThreadMap[A]
+ with MockedMonitor:
override def currentThreadHasValue: Boolean = scheduler.exec {
super.currentThreadHasValue
- } ("", Some(res => s"currentThreadHasValue is $res"))
+ }("", Some(res => s"currentThreadHasValue is $res"))
override def currentThreadValue: Option[A] = scheduler.exec {
super.currentThreadValue
- } ("", Some(res => s"currentThreadValue is $res"))
+ }("", Some(res => s"currentThreadValue is $res"))
override def setCurrentThreadValue(value: A): Unit = scheduler.exec {
super.setCurrentThreadValue(value)
- } (s"setCurrentThreadValue($value)")
+ }(s"setCurrentThreadValue($value)")
override def deleteCurrentThreadValue(): Unit = scheduler.exec {
super.deleteCurrentThreadValue()
- } ("deleteCurrentThreadValue()")
+ }("deleteCurrentThreadValue()")
override def waitForall(predicate: A => Boolean): Unit = scheduler.exec {
super.waitForall(predicate)
- } ("waitForall")
+ }("waitForall")
def allValues: List[A] = synchronized {
theMap.values.toList
@@ -31,55 +33,68 @@ class SchedulableThreadMap[A](val scheduler: Scheduler) extends ThreadMap[A] wit
end SchedulableThreadMap
class SchedulableRCU(scheduler: Scheduler) extends RCU with LockFreeMonitor:
- override protected val latestVersion = SchedulableAtomicLong(0, scheduler, "latestVersion")
- override protected val readersVersion: ThreadMap[Long] = SchedulableThreadMap(scheduler)
-
-class SchedulableInMemoryFileSystem(scheduler: Scheduler) extends InMemoryFileSystem:
- override def createFile(file: FileName, content: String): Unit = scheduler.exec {
- super.createFile(file, content)
- } (s"createFile($file)")
+ override protected val latestVersion =
+ SchedulableAtomicLong(0, scheduler, "latestVersion")
+ override protected val readersVersion: ThreadMap[Long] = SchedulableThreadMap(
+ scheduler
+ )
+
+class SchedulableInMemoryFileSystem(scheduler: Scheduler)
+ extends InMemoryFileSystem:
+ override def createFile(file: FileName, content: String): Unit =
+ scheduler.exec {
+ super.createFile(file, content)
+ }(s"createFile($file)")
override def readFile(file: FileName): String = scheduler.exec {
super.readFile(file)
- } (s"readFile($file)")
+ }(s"readFile($file)")
override def deleteFile(file: FileName): Unit = scheduler.exec {
super.deleteFile(file)
- } (s"deleteFile($file)")
+ }(s"deleteFile($file)")
-class SchedulableUpdateServer(scheduler: Scheduler, fs: InMemoryFileSystem) extends UpdateServer(fs) with LockFreeMonitor:
+class SchedulableUpdateServer(scheduler: Scheduler, fs: InMemoryFileSystem)
+ extends UpdateServer(fs)
+ with LockFreeMonitor:
override val rcu = SchedulableRCU(scheduler)
-class SchedulableAtomicLong(initial: Long, scheduler: Scheduler, name: String) extends AtomicLong(initial):
+class SchedulableAtomicLong(initial: Long, scheduler: Scheduler, name: String)
+ extends AtomicLong(initial):
override def get: Long = scheduler.exec {
super.get
- } (s"", Some(res => s"$name: get $res"))
+ }(s"", Some(res => s"$name: get $res"))
override def set(value: Long): Unit = scheduler.exec {
super.set(value)
- } (s"$name: set $value", None)
+ }(s"$name: set $value", None)
override def incrementAndGet(): Long = scheduler.exec {
super.incrementAndGet()
- } (s"", Some(res => s"$name: incrementAndGet $res"))
+ }(s"", Some(res => s"$name: incrementAndGet $res"))
override def getAndIncrement(): Long = scheduler.exec {
super.getAndIncrement()
- } (s"", Some(res => s"$name: getandIncrement $res"))
+ }(s"", Some(res => s"$name: getandIncrement $res"))
override def compareAndSet(expected: Long, newValue: Long): Boolean =
scheduler.exec {
super.compareAndSet(expected, newValue)
- } (s"$name: compareAndSet(expected = $expected, newValue = $newValue)",
- Some(res => s"$name: Did it set? $res") )
+ }(
+ s"$name: compareAndSet(expected = $expected, newValue = $newValue)",
+ Some(res => s"$name: Did it set? $res")
+ )
end SchedulableAtomicLong
-class SchedulableAtomicReference[T](initial: T, scheduler: Scheduler, name: String) extends AtomicReference(initial):
+class SchedulableAtomicReference[T](
+ initial: T,
+ scheduler: Scheduler,
+ name: String
+) extends AtomicReference(initial):
override def get: T = scheduler.exec {
super.get
- } (s"", Some(res => s"$name: get $res"))
+ }(s"", Some(res => s"$name: get $res"))
override def set(value: T): Unit = scheduler.exec {
super.set(value)
- } (s"$name: set $value", None)
-
+ }(s"$name: set $value", None)
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f1/.gitignore b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f1/.gitignore
deleted file mode 100644
index 40937dc9b192820d0ede18efd3c7e6442a083b17..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f1/.gitignore
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-# General
-*.DS_Store
-*.swp
-*~
-
-# Dotty
-*.class
-*.tasty
-*.hasTasty
-
-# sbt
-target/
-
-# IDE
-.bsp
-.bloop
-.metals
-.vscode
-
-# datasets
-stackoverflow-grading.csv
-wikipedia-grading.dat
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f1/build.sbt b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f1/build.sbt
deleted file mode 100644
index 0450de75f7468d0a8964dc45412021c65c424023..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f1/build.sbt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-course := "final"
-assignment := "f1"
-scalaVersion := "3.0.0-RC1"
-scalacOptions += "-nowarn"
-
-enablePlugins(PlayScala)
-disablePlugins(PlayLayoutPlugin)
-
-libraryDependencies := libraryDependencies.value.map(_.withDottyCompat(scalaVersion.value))
-libraryDependencies += "org.scalameta" %% "munit" % "0.7.22"
-
-val MUnitFramework = new TestFramework("munit.Framework")
-testFrameworks += MUnitFramework
-// Decode Scala names
-testOptions += Tests.Argument(MUnitFramework, "-s")
-testSuite := "f1.F1Suite"
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f1/grading-tests.jar b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f1/grading-tests.jar
deleted file mode 100644
index 0e688ab342695e88dabdaf55271d7358eab3f97c..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
Binary files a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f1/grading-tests.jar and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f1/project/FilteringReporterPlugin.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f1/project/FilteringReporterPlugin.scala
deleted file mode 100644
index 2e4fd9a4d998698cd52643344b33a5e719dd7971..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f1/project/FilteringReporterPlugin.scala
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-package sbt // To access the private[sbt] compilerReporter key
-package filteringReporterPlugin
-
-import Keys._
-import ch.epfl.lamp._
-
-object FilteringReporterPlugin extends AutoPlugin {
- override lazy val projectSettings = Seq(
- // Turn off warning coming from scalameter that we cannot fix without changing scalameter
- compilerReporter in (Compile, compile) ~= { reporter => new FilteringReporter(reporter) }
- )
-}
-
-class FilteringReporter(reporter: xsbti.Reporter) extends xsbti.Reporter {
-
- def reset(): Unit = reporter.reset()
- def hasErrors: Boolean = reporter.hasErrors
- def hasWarnings: Boolean = reporter.hasWarnings
- def printSummary(): Unit = reporter.printSummary()
- def problems: Array[xsbti.Problem] = reporter.problems
-
- def log(problem: xsbti.Problem): Unit = {
- if (!problem.message.contains("An existential type that came from a Scala-2 classfile cannot be"))
- reporter.log(problem)
- }
-
- def comment(pos: xsbti.Position, msg: String): Unit =
- reporter.comment(pos, msg)
-
- override def toString = s"CollectingReporter($reporter)"
-}
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f1/project/MOOCSettings.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f1/project/MOOCSettings.scala
deleted file mode 100644
index 1c40443a53085d23fadb134f4e1a505c32231f1d..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f1/project/MOOCSettings.scala
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,49 +0,0 @@
-package ch.epfl.lamp
-
-import sbt._
-import sbt.Keys._
-
-/**
- * Coursera uses two versions of each assignment. They both have the same assignment key and part id but have
- * different item ids.
- *
- * @param key Assignment key
- * @param partId Assignment partId
- * @param itemId Item id of the non premium version
- * @param premiumItemId Item id of the premium version (`None` if the assignment is optional)
- */
-case class CourseraId(key: String, partId: String, itemId: String, premiumItemId: Option[String])
-
-/**
- * Settings shared by all assignments, reused in various tasks.
- */
-object MOOCSettings extends AutoPlugin {
-
- override def requires = super.requires && filteringReporterPlugin.FilteringReporterPlugin
-
- object autoImport {
- val course = SettingKey[String]("course")
- val assignment = SettingKey[String]("assignment")
- val options = SettingKey[Map[String, Map[String, String]]]("options")
- val courseraId = settingKey[CourseraId]("Coursera-specific information identifying the assignment")
- val testSuite = settingKey[String]("Fully qualified name of the test suite of this assignment")
- .withRank(KeyRanks.Invisible)
- // Convenient alias
- type CourseraId = ch.epfl.lamp.CourseraId
- val CourseraId = ch.epfl.lamp.CourseraId
- }
-
- import autoImport._
-
- override val globalSettings: Seq[Def.Setting[_]] = Seq(
- // supershell is verbose, buggy and useless.
- useSuperShell := false
- )
-
- override val projectSettings: Seq[Def.Setting[_]] = Seq(
- parallelExecution in Test := false,
- // Report test result after each test instead of waiting for every test to finish
- logBuffered in Test := false,
- name := s"${course.value}-${assignment.value}"
- )
-}
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f1/project/build.properties b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f1/project/build.properties
deleted file mode 100644
index 0b2e09c5ac99bd3de91b2b139b94301c2b6e26f3..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f1/project/build.properties
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-sbt.version=1.4.7
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f1/project/buildSettings.sbt b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f1/project/buildSettings.sbt
deleted file mode 100644
index 8fac702aaf3f3c4ede79691c7b4e4a52f26f3f47..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f1/project/buildSettings.sbt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// Used for Coursera submission (StudentPlugin)
-// libraryDependencies += "org.scalaj" %% "scalaj-http" % "2.4.2"
-// libraryDependencies += "com.typesafe.play" %% "play-json" % "2.7.4"
-// Used for Base64 (StudentPlugin)
-libraryDependencies += "commons-codec" % "commons-codec" % "1.10"
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f1/project/plugins.sbt b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f1/project/plugins.sbt
deleted file mode 100644
index fb7dbe068109e7f35c13b2762b865c7eec1979f3..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f1/project/plugins.sbt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-// addSbtPlugin("org.scala-js" % "sbt-scalajs" % "0.6.28")
-addSbtPlugin("com.typesafe.play" % "sbt-plugin" % "2.8.8")
-addSbtPlugin("ch.epfl.lamp" % "sbt-dotty" % "0.5.3")
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f1/src/main/scala/f1/F1.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f1/src/main/scala/f1/F1.scala
deleted file mode 100644
index d468d638cba4caa57d3f19a719d7a5c13954eb38..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f1/src/main/scala/f1/F1.scala
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-package f1
-
-import scala.concurrent.ExecutionContext.Implicits.global
-import scala.concurrent.Future
-
-case class Grade(sciper: Int, grade: Double)
-
-trait F1 {
- /**
- * Retrieve the list of student grades, sorted such that maximum grades
- * appear at the head of the list.
- */
- def leaderboard(): Future[List[Grade]] =
-
- getScipers().flatMap { scipers =>
- Future.sequence(scipers.map(getGrade))
- }.map(_.flatten.sortBy(_.grade).reverse)
-
- /**
- * Retrieve a student's grade using GitLab's API.
- * The result is wrapped in an option, where `Future(None)` indicates either:
- * - the student is not registered to the class
- * - the student did not push his/her solution to GitLab
- */
- def getGrade(sciper: Int): Future[Option[Grade]]
-
- /**
- * Retrieve the list of enrolled students from IS-academia
- */
- def getScipers(): Future[List[Int]]
-}
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f2/.gitignore b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f2/.gitignore
deleted file mode 100644
index 40937dc9b192820d0ede18efd3c7e6442a083b17..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f2/.gitignore
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-# General
-*.DS_Store
-*.swp
-*~
-
-# Dotty
-*.class
-*.tasty
-*.hasTasty
-
-# sbt
-target/
-
-# IDE
-.bsp
-.bloop
-.metals
-.vscode
-
-# datasets
-stackoverflow-grading.csv
-wikipedia-grading.dat
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f2/build.sbt b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f2/build.sbt
deleted file mode 100644
index e40d7f807eb474bee4c9ec1f908b8eea98ea3067..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f2/build.sbt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-course := "final"
-assignment := "f2"
-scalaVersion := "3.0.0-RC1"
-scalacOptions ++= Seq("-language:implicitConversions", "-deprecation")
-
-val akkaVersion = "2.6.0"
-
-libraryDependencies += "org.scalameta" %% "munit" % "0.7.22"
-libraryDependencies += ("com.typesafe.akka" %% "akka-actor" % akkaVersion).withDottyCompat(scalaVersion.value)
-libraryDependencies += ("com.typesafe.akka" %% "akka-testkit" % akkaVersion).withDottyCompat(scalaVersion.value)
-
-val MUnitFramework = new TestFramework("munit.Framework")
-testFrameworks += MUnitFramework
-// Decode Scala names
-testOptions += Tests.Argument(MUnitFramework, "-s")
-testSuite := "f2.F2Suite"
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f2/grading-tests.jar b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f2/grading-tests.jar
deleted file mode 100644
index 4585ec7eb00b8d6c8179844262eef934bed31ad1..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
Binary files a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f2/grading-tests.jar and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f2/project/FilteringReporterPlugin.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f2/project/FilteringReporterPlugin.scala
deleted file mode 100644
index 2e4fd9a4d998698cd52643344b33a5e719dd7971..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f2/project/FilteringReporterPlugin.scala
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-package sbt // To access the private[sbt] compilerReporter key
-package filteringReporterPlugin
-
-import Keys._
-import ch.epfl.lamp._
-
-object FilteringReporterPlugin extends AutoPlugin {
- override lazy val projectSettings = Seq(
- // Turn off warning coming from scalameter that we cannot fix without changing scalameter
- compilerReporter in (Compile, compile) ~= { reporter => new FilteringReporter(reporter) }
- )
-}
-
-class FilteringReporter(reporter: xsbti.Reporter) extends xsbti.Reporter {
-
- def reset(): Unit = reporter.reset()
- def hasErrors: Boolean = reporter.hasErrors
- def hasWarnings: Boolean = reporter.hasWarnings
- def printSummary(): Unit = reporter.printSummary()
- def problems: Array[xsbti.Problem] = reporter.problems
-
- def log(problem: xsbti.Problem): Unit = {
- if (!problem.message.contains("An existential type that came from a Scala-2 classfile cannot be"))
- reporter.log(problem)
- }
-
- def comment(pos: xsbti.Position, msg: String): Unit =
- reporter.comment(pos, msg)
-
- override def toString = s"CollectingReporter($reporter)"
-}
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f2/project/MOOCSettings.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f2/project/MOOCSettings.scala
deleted file mode 100644
index 1c40443a53085d23fadb134f4e1a505c32231f1d..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f2/project/MOOCSettings.scala
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,49 +0,0 @@
-package ch.epfl.lamp
-
-import sbt._
-import sbt.Keys._
-
-/**
- * Coursera uses two versions of each assignment. They both have the same assignment key and part id but have
- * different item ids.
- *
- * @param key Assignment key
- * @param partId Assignment partId
- * @param itemId Item id of the non premium version
- * @param premiumItemId Item id of the premium version (`None` if the assignment is optional)
- */
-case class CourseraId(key: String, partId: String, itemId: String, premiumItemId: Option[String])
-
-/**
- * Settings shared by all assignments, reused in various tasks.
- */
-object MOOCSettings extends AutoPlugin {
-
- override def requires = super.requires && filteringReporterPlugin.FilteringReporterPlugin
-
- object autoImport {
- val course = SettingKey[String]("course")
- val assignment = SettingKey[String]("assignment")
- val options = SettingKey[Map[String, Map[String, String]]]("options")
- val courseraId = settingKey[CourseraId]("Coursera-specific information identifying the assignment")
- val testSuite = settingKey[String]("Fully qualified name of the test suite of this assignment")
- .withRank(KeyRanks.Invisible)
- // Convenient alias
- type CourseraId = ch.epfl.lamp.CourseraId
- val CourseraId = ch.epfl.lamp.CourseraId
- }
-
- import autoImport._
-
- override val globalSettings: Seq[Def.Setting[_]] = Seq(
- // supershell is verbose, buggy and useless.
- useSuperShell := false
- )
-
- override val projectSettings: Seq[Def.Setting[_]] = Seq(
- parallelExecution in Test := false,
- // Report test result after each test instead of waiting for every test to finish
- logBuffered in Test := false,
- name := s"${course.value}-${assignment.value}"
- )
-}
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f2/project/build.properties b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f2/project/build.properties
deleted file mode 100644
index 0b2e09c5ac99bd3de91b2b139b94301c2b6e26f3..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f2/project/build.properties
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-sbt.version=1.4.7
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f2/project/buildSettings.sbt b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f2/project/buildSettings.sbt
deleted file mode 100644
index 8fac702aaf3f3c4ede79691c7b4e4a52f26f3f47..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f2/project/buildSettings.sbt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// Used for Coursera submission (StudentPlugin)
-// libraryDependencies += "org.scalaj" %% "scalaj-http" % "2.4.2"
-// libraryDependencies += "com.typesafe.play" %% "play-json" % "2.7.4"
-// Used for Base64 (StudentPlugin)
-libraryDependencies += "commons-codec" % "commons-codec" % "1.10"
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f2/project/plugins.sbt b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f2/project/plugins.sbt
deleted file mode 100644
index fb7dbe068109e7f35c13b2762b865c7eec1979f3..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f2/project/plugins.sbt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-// addSbtPlugin("org.scala-js" % "sbt-scalajs" % "0.6.28")
-addSbtPlugin("com.typesafe.play" % "sbt-plugin" % "2.8.8")
-addSbtPlugin("ch.epfl.lamp" % "sbt-dotty" % "0.5.3")
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f2/src/test/scala/f2/F2Suite.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f2/src/test/scala/f2/F2Suite.scala
deleted file mode 100644
index 36a09fafef5dbfe2c51f97adde1eb64191544044..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f2/src/test/scala/f2/F2Suite.scala
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,198 +0,0 @@
-package f2
-
-import akka.actor._
-import akka.testkit.*
-import scala.collection.mutable
-import concurrent.duration.*
-
-import F2.*
-
-class F2Suite extends munit.FunSuite {
- import NotificationService.Protocol.*
- import NotificationService.Responses.*
- import DiscordChannel.Protocol.*
- import DiscordChannel.Responses.*
-
- test("Notification register (1pts)") {
- new MyTestKit {
- def tests() = {
- val actor = system.actorOf(Props[NotificationService])
- actor ! Register
- expectMsg(2.second, Registered(true))
- }
- }
- }
-
- test("Notification register and un-register (1pts)") {
- new MyTestKit {
- def tests() = {
- val actor = system.actorOf(Props[NotificationService])
- actor ! Register
- expectMsg(2.second, Registered(true))
- actor ! UnRegister
- expectMsg(2.second, Registered(false))
- actor ! UnRegister
- expectMsg(2.second, Registered(false))
- actor ! Register
- expectMsg(2.second, Registered(true))
- actor ! UnRegister
- expectMsg(2.second, Registered(false))
- }
- }
- }
-
- test("Notification notify (1pts)") {
- new MyTestKit {
- def tests() = {
- val actor = system.actorOf(Props[NotificationService])
- actor ! Register
- expectMsg(2.second, Registered(true))
- actor ! NotifyAll
- expectMsg(2.second, Notification)
- actor ! NotifyAll
- expectMsg(2.second, Notification)
- actor ! UnRegister
- expectMsg(2.second, Registered(false))
- actor ! NotifyAll
- expectNoMessage(500.millis)
- actor ! Register
- expectMsg(2.second, Registered(true))
- actor ! NotifyAll
- expectMsg(2.second, Notification)
- actor ! UnRegister
- expectMsg(2.second, Registered(false))
- actor ! NotifyAll
- expectNoMessage(500.millis)
- }
- }
- }
-
- test("NotifyAll from other actor (1pts)") {
- new MyTestKit {
- def tests() = {
- val actor = system.actorOf(Props[NotificationService])
- val otherActor = system.actorOf(Props[DummyActor])
-
- def notifyFormAllFromOtherActor() = {
- given ActorRef = otherActor
- actor ! NotifyAll
- }
-
- expectNoMessage(500.millis)
-
- actor ! Register
- expectMsg(2.second, Registered(true))
-
- notifyFormAllFromOtherActor()
- expectMsg(2.second, Notification)
- }
- }
- }
-
- test("Channel init (1pts)") {
- new MyTestKit {
- def tests() = {
- val notificationService = system.actorOf(Props[NotificationService])
- val channel = system.actorOf(Props[DiscordChannel])
- channel ! Init(notificationService)
- expectMsg(2.second, Active)
- }
- }
- }
-
- test("Channel post and get post (1pts)") {
- new MyTestKit {
- def tests() = {
- val notificationService = system.actorOf(Props[NotificationService])
- val channel = system.actorOf(Props[DiscordChannel])
- channel ! Init(notificationService)
- expectMsg(2.second, Active)
- channel ! Post("hello")
- channel ! GetLastPosts(1)
- expectMsg(2.second, Posts(List("hello")))
- channel ! GetLastPosts(10)
- expectMsg(2.second, Posts(List("hello")))
- channel ! GetLastPosts(0)
- expectMsg(2.second, Posts(Nil))
- }
- }
- }
-
- test("Channel multiple posts (1pts)") {
- new MyTestKit {
- def tests() = {
- val notificationService = system.actorOf(Props[NotificationService])
- val channel = system.actorOf(Props[DiscordChannel])
- channel ! Init(notificationService)
- expectMsg(2.second, Active)
- channel ! Post("hello")
- channel ! Post("world")
- channel ! GetLastPosts(2)
- channel ! GetLastPosts(1)
- channel ! Post("!")
- channel ! GetLastPosts(3)
- expectMsg(2.second, Posts(List("world", "hello")))
- expectMsg(2.second, Posts(List("world")))
- expectMsg(2.second, Posts(List("!", "world", "hello")))
- }
- }
- }
-
- test("Channel posts and notify (1pts)") {
- new MyTestKit {
- def tests() = {
- val notificationService = system.actorOf(Props[NotificationService])
- val channel = system.actorOf(Props[DiscordChannel])
- channel ! Init(notificationService)
- expectMsg(2.second, Active)
- notificationService ! Register
- expectMsg(2.second, Registered(true))
- channel ! Post("hello")
- channel ! Post("world")
- expectMsg(2.second, Notification)
- expectMsg(2.second, Notification)
- }
- }
- }
-
- test("Channel init twice (1pts)") {
- new MyTestKit {
- def tests() = {
- val notificationService = system.actorOf(Props[NotificationService])
- val channel = system.actorOf(Props[DiscordChannel])
- channel ! Init(notificationService)
- expectMsg(2.second, Active)
- channel ! Init(notificationService)
- expectMsg(2.second, AlreadyActive)
- channel ! Init(notificationService)
- expectMsg(2.second, AlreadyActive)
- }
- }
- }
-
- test("Channel not active (1pts)") {
- new MyTestKit {
- def tests() = {
- val channel1 = system.actorOf(Props[DiscordChannel])
- channel1 ! Post("hello")
- expectMsg(2.second, NotActive)
-
- val channel2 = system.actorOf(Props[DiscordChannel])
- channel2 ! GetLastPosts(0)
- expectMsg(2.second, NotActive)
- }
- }
- }
-
- abstract class MyTestKit extends TestKit(ActorSystem("TestSystem")) with ImplicitSender {
- def tests(): Unit
- try tests() finally shutdown(system)
- }
-
-}
-
-class DummyActor extends Actor {
- def receive: Receive = {
- case _ => ()
- }
-}
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/.gitignore b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/.gitignore
deleted file mode 100644
index 40937dc9b192820d0ede18efd3c7e6442a083b17..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/.gitignore
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-# General
-*.DS_Store
-*.swp
-*~
-
-# Dotty
-*.class
-*.tasty
-*.hasTasty
-
-# sbt
-target/
-
-# IDE
-.bsp
-.bloop
-.metals
-.vscode
-
-# datasets
-stackoverflow-grading.csv
-wikipedia-grading.dat
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/grading-tests.jar b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/grading-tests.jar
deleted file mode 100644
index 4ee83456f1b6646cc638ce5717e6a9e13ad54d6c..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
Binary files a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/grading-tests.jar and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/project/FilteringReporterPlugin.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/project/FilteringReporterPlugin.scala
deleted file mode 100644
index 2e4fd9a4d998698cd52643344b33a5e719dd7971..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/project/FilteringReporterPlugin.scala
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-package sbt // To access the private[sbt] compilerReporter key
-package filteringReporterPlugin
-
-import Keys._
-import ch.epfl.lamp._
-
-object FilteringReporterPlugin extends AutoPlugin {
- override lazy val projectSettings = Seq(
- // Turn off warning coming from scalameter that we cannot fix without changing scalameter
- compilerReporter in (Compile, compile) ~= { reporter => new FilteringReporter(reporter) }
- )
-}
-
-class FilteringReporter(reporter: xsbti.Reporter) extends xsbti.Reporter {
-
- def reset(): Unit = reporter.reset()
- def hasErrors: Boolean = reporter.hasErrors
- def hasWarnings: Boolean = reporter.hasWarnings
- def printSummary(): Unit = reporter.printSummary()
- def problems: Array[xsbti.Problem] = reporter.problems
-
- def log(problem: xsbti.Problem): Unit = {
- if (!problem.message.contains("An existential type that came from a Scala-2 classfile cannot be"))
- reporter.log(problem)
- }
-
- def comment(pos: xsbti.Position, msg: String): Unit =
- reporter.comment(pos, msg)
-
- override def toString = s"CollectingReporter($reporter)"
-}
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/project/MOOCSettings.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/project/MOOCSettings.scala
deleted file mode 100644
index 1c40443a53085d23fadb134f4e1a505c32231f1d..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/project/MOOCSettings.scala
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,49 +0,0 @@
-package ch.epfl.lamp
-
-import sbt._
-import sbt.Keys._
-
-/**
- * Coursera uses two versions of each assignment. They both have the same assignment key and part id but have
- * different item ids.
- *
- * @param key Assignment key
- * @param partId Assignment partId
- * @param itemId Item id of the non premium version
- * @param premiumItemId Item id of the premium version (`None` if the assignment is optional)
- */
-case class CourseraId(key: String, partId: String, itemId: String, premiumItemId: Option[String])
-
-/**
- * Settings shared by all assignments, reused in various tasks.
- */
-object MOOCSettings extends AutoPlugin {
-
- override def requires = super.requires && filteringReporterPlugin.FilteringReporterPlugin
-
- object autoImport {
- val course = SettingKey[String]("course")
- val assignment = SettingKey[String]("assignment")
- val options = SettingKey[Map[String, Map[String, String]]]("options")
- val courseraId = settingKey[CourseraId]("Coursera-specific information identifying the assignment")
- val testSuite = settingKey[String]("Fully qualified name of the test suite of this assignment")
- .withRank(KeyRanks.Invisible)
- // Convenient alias
- type CourseraId = ch.epfl.lamp.CourseraId
- val CourseraId = ch.epfl.lamp.CourseraId
- }
-
- import autoImport._
-
- override val globalSettings: Seq[Def.Setting[_]] = Seq(
- // supershell is verbose, buggy and useless.
- useSuperShell := false
- )
-
- override val projectSettings: Seq[Def.Setting[_]] = Seq(
- parallelExecution in Test := false,
- // Report test result after each test instead of waiting for every test to finish
- logBuffered in Test := false,
- name := s"${course.value}-${assignment.value}"
- )
-}
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/project/build.properties b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/project/build.properties
deleted file mode 100644
index 0b2e09c5ac99bd3de91b2b139b94301c2b6e26f3..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/project/build.properties
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-sbt.version=1.4.7
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/project/buildSettings.sbt b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/project/buildSettings.sbt
deleted file mode 100644
index 8fac702aaf3f3c4ede79691c7b4e4a52f26f3f47..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/project/buildSettings.sbt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// Used for Coursera submission (StudentPlugin)
-// libraryDependencies += "org.scalaj" %% "scalaj-http" % "2.4.2"
-// libraryDependencies += "com.typesafe.play" %% "play-json" % "2.7.4"
-// Used for Base64 (StudentPlugin)
-libraryDependencies += "commons-codec" % "commons-codec" % "1.10"
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/project/plugins.sbt b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/project/plugins.sbt
deleted file mode 100644
index fb7dbe068109e7f35c13b2762b865c7eec1979f3..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/project/plugins.sbt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-// addSbtPlugin("org.scala-js" % "sbt-scalajs" % "0.6.28")
-addSbtPlugin("com.typesafe.play" % "sbt-plugin" % "2.8.8")
-addSbtPlugin("ch.epfl.lamp" % "sbt-dotty" % "0.5.3")
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/src/test/scala/f3/TestSuite.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/src/test/scala/f3/TestSuite.scala
deleted file mode 100644
index 8c64951505c20f1cbc0259317362b929f3a6134a..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/src/test/scala/f3/TestSuite.scala
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,104 +0,0 @@
-package f3
-
-import scala.annotation.tailrec
-import scala.concurrent._
-import scala.concurrent.duration._
-import scala.collection.mutable.HashMap
-import scala.util.Random
-import instrumentation._
-import instrumentation.TestHelper._
-import instrumentation.TestUtils._
-
-class F3Suite extends munit.FunSuite:
-
- test("Part 1: ThreadMap (3pts)") {
- testManySchedules(4, sched =>
- val tmap = new SchedulableThreadMap[Int](sched)
-
- def writeThread(): Unit =
- tmap.setCurrentThreadValue(0)
- tmap.setCurrentThreadValue(-1)
- val readBack = tmap.currentThreadValue
- assertEquals(readBack, Some(-1))
-
- def writeAndDeleteThread(): Unit =
- tmap.setCurrentThreadValue(42)
- tmap.deleteCurrentThreadValue()
-
- @tailrec
- def waitThread(): Unit =
- tmap.waitForall(_ < 0)
- val all = tmap.allValues
- if all != List(-1) then
- waitThread()
-
- val threads = List(
- () => writeThread(),
- () => writeAndDeleteThread(),
- () => waitThread(),
- () => waitThread(),
- )
-
- (threads, _ => (true, ""))
- )
- }
-
- test("Part 2: RCU (5pts)") {
- testManySchedules(3, sched =>
- val rcu = new SchedulableRCU(sched)
-
- case class State(value: Int, isDeleted: AtomicLong = SchedulableAtomicLong(0, sched, "isDeleted"))
-
- val sharedState = SchedulableAtomicReference(State(0), sched, "sharedState")
-
- def readThread(): Unit =
- rcu.startRead()
- val state = sharedState.get
- val stateWasDeleted = state.isDeleted.get != 0
- assert(!stateWasDeleted, "RCU shared state deleted in the middle of a read.")
- rcu.stopRead()
-
- def writeThread(): Unit =
- val oldState = sharedState.get
- sharedState.set(State(oldState.value + 1))
- rcu.waitForOldReads()
- oldState.isDeleted.set(1)
-
- val threads = List(
- () => readThread(),
- () => readThread(),
- () => writeThread(),
- )
-
- (threads, _ => (true, ""))
- )
- }
-
- test("Part 3: UpdateServer (2pts)") {
- testManySchedules(3, sched =>
- val fs = SchedulableInMemoryFileSystem(sched)
- val server = new SchedulableUpdateServer(sched, fs)
-
- def writeThread(): Unit =
- server.newUpdate("update1.bin", "Update 1")
- server.newUpdate("update2.bin", "Update 2")
- assertEquals(fs.fsMap.toSet, Set("update2.bin" -> "Update 2"))
-
- def fetchThread(): Unit =
- val res = server.fetchUpdate()
- assert(List(None, Some("Update 1"), Some("Update 2")).contains(res),
- s"fetchUpdate returned unexpected value $res")
-
- val threads = List(
- () => writeThread(),
- () => fetchThread(),
- () => fetchThread(),
- )
-
- (threads, _ => (true, ""))
- )
- }
-
- import scala.concurrent.duration._
- override val munitTimeout = 200.seconds
-end F3Suite
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/src/test/scala/f3/instrumentation/AtomicReference.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/src/test/scala/f3/instrumentation/AtomicReference.scala
deleted file mode 100644
index 29a9a63a065b2260a5f3a0cf06cd4a5ee29c721c..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/src/test/scala/f3/instrumentation/AtomicReference.scala
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-package f3.instrumentation
-
-class AtomicReference[T](initial: T) {
-
- private val atomic = new java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference[T](initial)
-
- def get: T = atomic.get()
-
- def set(value: T): Unit = atomic.set(value)
-}
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/src/test/scala/f3/instrumentation/MockedMonitor.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/src/test/scala/f3/instrumentation/MockedMonitor.scala
deleted file mode 100644
index d904265d30554c790cb3c25283ea6a1bd5ddc5d4..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/src/test/scala/f3/instrumentation/MockedMonitor.scala
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,72 +0,0 @@
-package f3.instrumentation
-
-trait MockedMonitor extends Monitor {
- def scheduler: Scheduler
-
- // Can be overriden.
- override def waitDefault() = {
- scheduler.log("wait")
- scheduler updateThreadState Wait(this, scheduler.threadLocks.tail)
- }
- override def synchronizedDefault[T](toExecute: =>T): T = {
- scheduler.log("synchronized check")
- val prevLocks = scheduler.threadLocks
- scheduler updateThreadState Sync(this, prevLocks) // If this belongs to prevLocks, should just continue.
- scheduler.log("synchronized -> enter")
- try {
- toExecute
- } finally {
- scheduler updateThreadState Running(prevLocks)
- scheduler.log("synchronized -> out")
- }
- }
- override def notifyDefault() = {
- scheduler mapOtherStates {
- state => state match {
- case Wait(lockToAquire, locks) if lockToAquire == this => SyncUnique(this, state.locks)
- case e => e
- }
- }
- scheduler.log("notify")
- }
- override def notifyAllDefault() = {
- scheduler mapOtherStates {
- state => state match {
- case Wait(lockToAquire, locks) if lockToAquire == this => Sync(this, state.locks)
- case SyncUnique(lockToAquire, locks) if lockToAquire == this => Sync(this, state.locks)
- case e => e
- }
- }
- scheduler.log("notifyAll")
- }
-}
-
-trait LockFreeMonitor extends Monitor {
- override def waitDefault() = {
- throw new Exception("Please use lock-free structures and do not use wait()")
- }
- override def synchronizedDefault[T](toExecute: =>T): T = {
- throw new Exception("Please use lock-free structures and do not use synchronized()")
- }
- override def notifyDefault() = {
- throw new Exception("Please use lock-free structures and do not use notify()")
- }
- override def notifyAllDefault() = {
- throw new Exception("Please use lock-free structures and do not use notifyAll()")
- }
-}
-
-
-abstract class ThreadState {
- def locks: Seq[AnyRef]
-}
-trait CanContinueIfAcquiresLock extends ThreadState {
- def lockToAquire: AnyRef
-}
-case object Start extends ThreadState { def locks: Seq[AnyRef] = Seq.empty }
-case object End extends ThreadState { def locks: Seq[AnyRef] = Seq.empty }
-case class Wait(lockToAquire: AnyRef, locks: Seq[AnyRef]) extends ThreadState
-case class SyncUnique(lockToAquire: AnyRef, locks: Seq[AnyRef]) extends ThreadState with CanContinueIfAcquiresLock
-case class Sync(lockToAquire: AnyRef, locks: Seq[AnyRef]) extends ThreadState with CanContinueIfAcquiresLock
-case class Running(locks: Seq[AnyRef]) extends ThreadState
-case class VariableReadWrite(locks: Seq[AnyRef]) extends ThreadState
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/src/test/scala/f3/instrumentation/Scheduler.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/src/test/scala/f3/instrumentation/Scheduler.scala
deleted file mode 100644
index 3811572eabd68a5b6c719d3d475acb85108c9bb1..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/src/test/scala/f3/instrumentation/Scheduler.scala
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,304 +0,0 @@
-package f3.instrumentation
-
-import java.util.concurrent._;
-import scala.concurrent.duration._
-import scala.collection.mutable._
-import Stats._
-
-import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger
-
-sealed abstract class Result
-case class RetVal(rets: List[Any]) extends Result
-case class Except(msg: String, stackTrace: Array[StackTraceElement]) extends Result
-case class Timeout(msg: String) extends Result
-
-/**
- * A class that maintains schedule and a set of thread ids.
- * The schedules are advanced after an operation of a SchedulableBuffer is performed.
- * Note: the real schedule that is executed may deviate from the input schedule
- * due to the adjustments that had to be made for locks
- */
-class Scheduler(sched: List[Int]) {
- val maxOps = 500 // a limit on the maximum number of operations the code is allowed to perform
-
- private var schedule = sched
- private var numThreads = 0
- private val realToFakeThreadId = Map[Long, Int]()
- private val opLog = ListBuffer[String]() // a mutable list (used for efficient concat)
- private val threadStates = Map[Int, ThreadState]()
-
- /**
- * Runs a set of operations in parallel as per the schedule.
- * Each operation may consist of many primitive operations like reads or writes
- * to shared data structure each of which should be executed using the function `exec`.
- * @timeout in milliseconds
- * @return true - all threads completed on time, false -some tests timed out.
- */
- def runInParallel(timeout: Long, ops: List[() => Any]): Result = {
- numThreads = ops.length
- val threadRes = Array.fill(numThreads) { None: Any }
- var exception: Option[Except] = None
- val syncObject = new Object()
- var completed = new AtomicInteger(0)
- // create threads
- val threads = ops.zipWithIndex.map {
- case (op, i) =>
- new Thread(new Runnable() {
- def run(): Unit = {
- val fakeId = i + 1
- setThreadId(fakeId)
- try {
- updateThreadState(Start)
- val res = op()
- updateThreadState(End)
- threadRes(i) = res
- // notify the master thread if all threads have completed
- if (completed.incrementAndGet() == ops.length) {
- syncObject.synchronized { syncObject.notifyAll() }
- }
- } catch {
- case e: Throwable if exception != None => // do nothing here and silently fail
- case e: Throwable =>
- log(s"throw ${e.toString}")
- exception = Some(Except(s"Thread $fakeId crashed on the following schedule: \n" + opLog.mkString("\n"),
- e.getStackTrace))
- syncObject.synchronized { syncObject.notifyAll() }
- //println(s"$fakeId: ${e.toString}")
- //Runtime.getRuntime().halt(0) //exit the JVM and all running threads (no other way to kill other threads)
- }
- }
- })
- }
- // start all threads
- threads.foreach(_.start())
- // wait for all threads to complete, or for an exception to be thrown, or for the time out to expire
- var remTime = timeout
- syncObject.synchronized {
- timed { if(completed.get() != ops.length) syncObject.wait(timeout) } { time => remTime -= time }
- }
- if (exception.isDefined) {
- exception.get
- } else if (remTime <= 1) { // timeout ? using 1 instead of zero to allow for some errors
- Timeout(opLog.mkString("\n"))
- } else {
- // every thing executed normally
- RetVal(threadRes.toList)
- }
- }
-
- // Updates the state of the current thread
- def updateThreadState(state: ThreadState): Unit = {
- val tid = threadId
- synchronized {
- threadStates(tid) = state
- }
- state match {
- case Sync(lockToAquire, locks) =>
- if (locks.indexOf(lockToAquire) < 0) waitForTurn else {
- // Re-aqcuiring the same lock
- updateThreadState(Running(lockToAquire +: locks))
- }
- case Start => waitStart()
- case End => removeFromSchedule(tid)
- case Running(_) =>
- case _ => waitForTurn // Wait, SyncUnique, VariableReadWrite
- }
- }
-
- def waitStart(): Unit = {
- //while (threadStates.size < numThreads) {
- //Thread.sleep(1)
- //}
- synchronized {
- if (threadStates.size < numThreads) {
- wait()
- } else {
- notifyAll()
- }
- }
- }
-
- def threadLocks = {
- synchronized {
- threadStates(threadId).locks
- }
- }
-
- def threadState = {
- synchronized {
- threadStates(threadId)
- }
- }
-
- def mapOtherStates(f: ThreadState => ThreadState) = {
- val exception = threadId
- synchronized {
- for (k <- threadStates.keys if k != exception) {
- threadStates(k) = f(threadStates(k))
- }
- }
- }
-
- def log(str: String) = {
- if((realToFakeThreadId contains Thread.currentThread().getId())) {
- val space = (" " * ((threadId - 1) * 2))
- val s = space + threadId + ":" + "\n".r.replaceAllIn(str, "\n" + space + " ")
- opLog += s
- }
- }
-
- /**
- * Executes a read or write operation to a global data structure as per the given schedule
- * @param msg a message corresponding to the operation that will be logged
- */
- def exec[T](primop: => T)(msg: => String, postMsg: => Option[T => String] = None): T = {
- if(! (realToFakeThreadId contains Thread.currentThread().getId())) {
- primop
- } else {
- updateThreadState(VariableReadWrite(threadLocks))
- val m = msg
- if(m != "") log(m)
- if (opLog.size > maxOps)
- throw new Exception(s"Total number of reads/writes performed by threads exceed $maxOps. A possible deadlock!")
- val res = primop
- postMsg match {
- case Some(m) => log(m(res))
- case None =>
- }
- res
- }
- }
-
- private def setThreadId(fakeId: Int) = synchronized {
- realToFakeThreadId(Thread.currentThread.getId) = fakeId
- }
-
- def threadId =
- try {
- realToFakeThreadId(Thread.currentThread().getId())
- } catch {
- case e: NoSuchElementException =>
- throw new Exception("You are accessing shared variables in the constructor. This is not allowed. The variables are already initialized!")
- }
-
- private def isTurn(tid: Int) = synchronized {
- (!schedule.isEmpty && schedule.head != tid)
- }
-
- def canProceed(): Boolean = {
- val tid = threadId
- canContinue match {
- case Some((i, state)) if i == tid =>
- //println(s"$tid: Runs ! Was in state $state")
- canContinue = None
- state match {
- case Sync(lockToAquire, locks) => updateThreadState(Running(lockToAquire +: locks))
- case SyncUnique(lockToAquire, locks) =>
- mapOtherStates {
- _ match {
- case SyncUnique(lockToAquire2, locks2) if lockToAquire2 == lockToAquire => Wait(lockToAquire2, locks2)
- case e => e
- }
- }
- updateThreadState(Running(lockToAquire +: locks))
- case VariableReadWrite(locks) => updateThreadState(Running(locks))
- }
- true
- case Some((i, state)) =>
- //println(s"$tid: not my turn but $i !")
- false
- case None =>
- false
- }
- }
-
- var threadPreference = 0 // In the case the schedule is over, which thread should have the preference to execute.
-
- /** returns true if the thread can continue to execute, and false otherwise */
- def decide(): Option[(Int, ThreadState)] = {
- if (!threadStates.isEmpty) { // The last thread who enters the decision loop takes the decision.
- //println(s"$threadId: I'm taking a decision")
- if (threadStates.values.forall { case e: Wait => true case _ => false }) {
- val waiting = threadStates.keys.map(_.toString).mkString(", ")
- val s = if (threadStates.size > 1) "s" else ""
- val are = if (threadStates.size > 1) "are" else "is"
- throw new Exception(s"Deadlock: Thread$s $waiting $are waiting but all others have ended and cannot notify them.")
- } else {
- // Threads can be in Wait, Sync, SyncUnique, and VariableReadWrite mode.
- // Let's determine which ones can continue.
- val notFree = threadStates.collect { case (id, state) => state.locks }.flatten.toSet
- val threadsNotBlocked = threadStates.toSeq.filter {
- case (id, v: VariableReadWrite) => true
- case (id, v: CanContinueIfAcquiresLock) => !notFree(v.lockToAquire) || (v.locks contains v.lockToAquire)
- case _ => false
- }
- if (threadsNotBlocked.isEmpty) {
- val waiting = threadStates.keys.map(_.toString).mkString(", ")
- val s = if (threadStates.size > 1) "s" else ""
- val are = if (threadStates.size > 1) "are" else "is"
- val whoHasLock = threadStates.toSeq.flatMap { case (id, state) => state.locks.map(lock => (lock, id)) }.toMap
- val reason = threadStates.collect {
- case (id, state: CanContinueIfAcquiresLock) if !notFree(state.lockToAquire) =>
- s"Thread $id is waiting on lock ${state.lockToAquire} held by thread ${whoHasLock(state.lockToAquire)}"
- }.mkString("\n")
- throw new Exception(s"Deadlock: Thread$s $waiting are interlocked. Indeed:\n$reason")
- } else if (threadsNotBlocked.size == 1) { // Do not consume the schedule if only one thread can execute.
- Some(threadsNotBlocked(0))
- } else {
- val next = schedule.indexWhere(t => threadsNotBlocked.exists { case (id, state) => id == t })
- if (next != -1) {
- //println(s"$threadId: schedule is $schedule, next chosen is ${schedule(next)}")
- val chosenOne = schedule(next) // TODO: Make schedule a mutable list.
- schedule = schedule.take(next) ++ schedule.drop(next + 1)
- Some((chosenOne, threadStates(chosenOne)))
- } else {
- threadPreference = (threadPreference + 1) % threadsNotBlocked.size
- val chosenOne = threadsNotBlocked(threadPreference) // Maybe another strategy
- Some(chosenOne)
- //threadsNotBlocked.indexOf(threadId) >= 0
- /*
- val tnb = threadsNotBlocked.map(_._1).mkString(",")
- val s = if (schedule.isEmpty) "empty" else schedule.mkString(",")
- val only = if (schedule.isEmpty) "" else " only"
- throw new Exception(s"The schedule is $s but$only threads ${tnb} can continue")*/
- }
- }
- }
- } else canContinue
- }
-
- /**
- * This will be called before a schedulable operation begins.
- * This should not use synchronized
- */
- var numThreadsWaiting = new AtomicInteger(0)
- //var waitingForDecision = Map[Int, Option[Int]]() // Mapping from thread ids to a number indicating who is going to make the choice.
- var canContinue: Option[(Int, ThreadState)] = None // The result of the decision thread Id of the thread authorized to continue.
- private def waitForTurn = {
- synchronized {
- if (numThreadsWaiting.incrementAndGet() == threadStates.size) {
- canContinue = decide()
- notifyAll()
- }
- //waitingForDecision(threadId) = Some(numThreadsWaiting)
- //println(s"$threadId Entering waiting with ticket number $numThreadsWaiting/${waitingForDecision.size}")
- while (!canProceed()) wait()
- }
- numThreadsWaiting.decrementAndGet()
- }
-
- /**
- * To be invoked when a thread is about to complete
- */
- private def removeFromSchedule(fakeid: Int) = synchronized {
- //println(s"$fakeid: I'm taking a decision because I finished")
- schedule = schedule.filterNot(_ == fakeid)
- threadStates -= fakeid
- if (numThreadsWaiting.get() == threadStates.size) {
- canContinue = decide()
- notifyAll()
- }
- }
-
- def getOperationLog() = opLog
-}
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/src/test/scala/f3/instrumentation/Stats.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/src/test/scala/f3/instrumentation/Stats.scala
deleted file mode 100644
index bde7698f00c620b7d55762b5c31a812da2c73744..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/src/test/scala/f3/instrumentation/Stats.scala
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright 2009-2015 EPFL, Lausanne */
-package f3.instrumentation
-
-import java.lang.management._
-
-/**
- * A collection of methods that can be used to collect run-time statistics about Leon programs.
- * This is mostly used to test the resources properties of Leon programs
- */
-object Stats {
- def timed[T](code: => T)(cont: Long => Unit): T = {
- var t1 = System.currentTimeMillis()
- val r = code
- cont((System.currentTimeMillis() - t1))
- r
- }
-
- def withTime[T](code: => T): (T, Long) = {
- var t1 = System.currentTimeMillis()
- val r = code
- (r, (System.currentTimeMillis() - t1))
- }
-}
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/src/test/scala/f3/instrumentation/TestHelper.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/src/test/scala/f3/instrumentation/TestHelper.scala
deleted file mode 100644
index cae9c640c0c76cb069da3ebcb17b556795ed3408..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/src/test/scala/f3/instrumentation/TestHelper.scala
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,124 +0,0 @@
-package f3.instrumentation
-
-import scala.util.Random
-import scala.collection.mutable.{Map => MutableMap}
-
-import Stats._
-
-object TestHelper {
- val noOfSchedules = 10000 // set this to 100k during deployment
- val readWritesPerThread = 20 // maximum number of read/writes possible in one thread
- val contextSwitchBound = 10
- val testTimeout = 150 // the total time out for a test in seconds
- val schedTimeout = 15 // the total time out for execution of a schedule in secs
-
- // Helpers
- /*def testManySchedules(op1: => Any): Unit = testManySchedules(List(() => op1))
- def testManySchedules(op1: => Any, op2: => Any): Unit = testManySchedules(List(() => op1, () => op2))
- def testManySchedules(op1: => Any, op2: => Any, op3: => Any): Unit = testManySchedules(List(() => op1, () => op2, () => op3))
- def testManySchedules(op1: => Any, op2: => Any, op3: => Any, op4: => Any): Unit = testManySchedules(List(() => op1, () => op2, () => op3, () => op4))*/
-
- def testSequential[T](ops: Scheduler => Any)(assertions: T => (Boolean, String)) =
- testManySchedules(1,
- (sched: Scheduler) => {
- (List(() => ops(sched)),
- (res: List[Any]) => assertions(res.head.asInstanceOf[T]))
- })
-
- /**
- * @numThreads number of threads
- * @ops operations to be executed, one per thread
- * @assertion as condition that will executed after all threads have completed (without exceptions)
- * the arguments are the results of the threads
- */
- def testManySchedules(numThreads: Int,
- ops: Scheduler =>
- (List[() => Any], // Threads
- List[Any] => (Boolean, String)) // Assertion
- ) = {
- var timeout = testTimeout * 1000L
- val threadIds = (1 to numThreads)
- //(1 to scheduleLength).flatMap(_ => threadIds).toList.permutations.take(noOfSchedules).foreach {
- val schedules = (new ScheduleGenerator(numThreads)).schedules()
- var schedsExplored = 0
- schedules.takeWhile(_ => schedsExplored <= noOfSchedules && timeout > 0).foreach {
- //case _ if timeout <= 0 => // break
- case schedule =>
- schedsExplored += 1
- val schedr = new Scheduler(schedule)
- //println("Exploring Sched: "+schedule)
- val (threadOps, assertion) = ops(schedr)
- if (threadOps.size != numThreads)
- throw new IllegalStateException(s"Number of threads: $numThreads, do not match operations of threads: $threadOps")
- timed { schedr.runInParallel(schedTimeout * 1000, threadOps) } { t => timeout -= t } match {
- case Timeout(msg) =>
- throw new java.lang.AssertionError("assertion failed\n"+"The schedule took too long to complete. A possible deadlock! \n"+msg)
- case Except(msg, stkTrace) =>
- val traceStr = "Thread Stack trace: \n"+stkTrace.map(" at "+_.toString).mkString("\n")
- throw new java.lang.AssertionError("assertion failed\n"+msg+"\n"+traceStr)
- case RetVal(threadRes) =>
- // check the assertion
- val (success, custom_msg) = assertion(threadRes)
- if (!success) {
- val msg = "The following schedule resulted in wrong results: \n" + custom_msg + "\n" + schedr.getOperationLog().mkString("\n")
- throw new java.lang.AssertionError("Assertion failed: "+msg)
- }
- }
- }
- if (timeout <= 0) {
- throw new java.lang.AssertionError("Test took too long to complete! Cannot check all schedules as your code is too slow!")
- }
- }
-
- /**
- * A schedule generator that is based on the context bound
- */
- class ScheduleGenerator(numThreads: Int) {
- val scheduleLength = readWritesPerThread * numThreads
- val rands = (1 to scheduleLength).map(i => new Random(0xcafe * i)) // random numbers for choosing a thread at each position
- def schedules(): LazyList[List[Int]] = {
- var contextSwitches = 0
- var contexts = List[Int]() // a stack of thread ids in the order of context-switches
- val remainingOps = MutableMap[Int, Int]()
- remainingOps ++= (1 to numThreads).map(i => (i, readWritesPerThread)) // num ops remaining in each thread
- val liveThreads = (1 to numThreads).toSeq.toBuffer
-
- /**
- * Updates remainingOps and liveThreads once a thread is chosen for a position in the schedule
- */
- def updateState(tid: Int): Unit = {
- val remOps = remainingOps(tid)
- if (remOps == 0) {
- liveThreads -= tid
- } else {
- remainingOps += (tid -> (remOps - 1))
- }
- }
- val schedule = rands.foldLeft(List[Int]()) {
- case (acc, r) if contextSwitches < contextSwitchBound =>
- val tid = liveThreads(r.nextInt(liveThreads.size))
- contexts match {
- case prev :: tail if prev != tid => // we have a new context switch here
- contexts +:= tid
- contextSwitches += 1
- case prev :: tail =>
- case _ => // init case
- contexts +:= tid
- }
- updateState(tid)
- acc :+ tid
- case (acc, _) => // here context-bound has been reached so complete the schedule without any more context switches
- if (!contexts.isEmpty) {
- contexts = contexts.dropWhile(remainingOps(_) == 0)
- }
- val tid = contexts match {
- case top :: tail => top
- case _ => liveThreads(0) // here, there has to be threads that have not even started
- }
- updateState(tid)
- acc :+ tid
- }
- schedule #:: schedules()
- }
- }
-}
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/src/test/scala/f3/instrumentation/TestUtils.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/src/test/scala/f3/instrumentation/TestUtils.scala
deleted file mode 100644
index 4a412841597af087dfd9ec5bdd22151537be91be..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f3/src/test/scala/f3/instrumentation/TestUtils.scala
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-package f3.instrumentation
-
-import scala.concurrent._
-import scala.concurrent.duration._
-import scala.concurrent.ExecutionContext.Implicits.global
-
-object TestUtils {
- def failsOrTimesOut[T](action: => T): Boolean = {
- val asyncAction = Future {
- action
- }
- try {
- Await.result(asyncAction, 2000.millisecond)
- } catch {
- case _: Throwable => return true
- }
- return false
- }
-}
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f4/.gitignore b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f4/.gitignore
deleted file mode 100644
index 40937dc9b192820d0ede18efd3c7e6442a083b17..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f4/.gitignore
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-# General
-*.DS_Store
-*.swp
-*~
-
-# Dotty
-*.class
-*.tasty
-*.hasTasty
-
-# sbt
-target/
-
-# IDE
-.bsp
-.bloop
-.metals
-.vscode
-
-# datasets
-stackoverflow-grading.csv
-wikipedia-grading.dat
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f4/build.sbt b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f4/build.sbt
deleted file mode 100644
index a0ef8dacbbc921725ac5864955db5deb3cdc9ef2..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f4/build.sbt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-course := "final"
-assignment := "f4"
-
-scalaVersion := "3.0.0-RC1"
-scalacOptions ++= Seq("-language:implicitConversions", "-deprecation")
-libraryDependencies ++= Seq(
- ("org.apache.spark" %% "spark-core" % "3.2.0-SNAPSHOT").withDottyCompat(scalaVersion.value),
-)
-
-// Contains Spark 3 snapshot built against 2.13: https://github.com/smarter/spark/tree/scala-2.13
-resolvers += "Spark Snapshots Copy" at "https://scala-webapps.epfl.ch/artifactory/spark-snapshot/"
-
-libraryDependencies += "org.scalameta" %% "munit" % "0.7.22"
-
-
-val MUnitFramework = new TestFramework("munit.Framework")
-testFrameworks += MUnitFramework
-// Decode Scala names
-testOptions += Tests.Argument(MUnitFramework, "-s")
-
-testSuite := "f4.F4Suite"
-
-// Without forking, ctrl-c doesn't actually fully stop Spark
-fork in run := true
-fork in Test := true
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f4/grading-tests.jar b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f4/grading-tests.jar
deleted file mode 100644
index e19494980575e2b26899efee31b45042987ca75e..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
Binary files a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f4/grading-tests.jar and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f4/project/FilteringReporterPlugin.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f4/project/FilteringReporterPlugin.scala
deleted file mode 100644
index 2e4fd9a4d998698cd52643344b33a5e719dd7971..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f4/project/FilteringReporterPlugin.scala
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-package sbt // To access the private[sbt] compilerReporter key
-package filteringReporterPlugin
-
-import Keys._
-import ch.epfl.lamp._
-
-object FilteringReporterPlugin extends AutoPlugin {
- override lazy val projectSettings = Seq(
- // Turn off warning coming from scalameter that we cannot fix without changing scalameter
- compilerReporter in (Compile, compile) ~= { reporter => new FilteringReporter(reporter) }
- )
-}
-
-class FilteringReporter(reporter: xsbti.Reporter) extends xsbti.Reporter {
-
- def reset(): Unit = reporter.reset()
- def hasErrors: Boolean = reporter.hasErrors
- def hasWarnings: Boolean = reporter.hasWarnings
- def printSummary(): Unit = reporter.printSummary()
- def problems: Array[xsbti.Problem] = reporter.problems
-
- def log(problem: xsbti.Problem): Unit = {
- if (!problem.message.contains("An existential type that came from a Scala-2 classfile cannot be"))
- reporter.log(problem)
- }
-
- def comment(pos: xsbti.Position, msg: String): Unit =
- reporter.comment(pos, msg)
-
- override def toString = s"CollectingReporter($reporter)"
-}
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f4/project/MOOCSettings.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f4/project/MOOCSettings.scala
deleted file mode 100644
index 1c40443a53085d23fadb134f4e1a505c32231f1d..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f4/project/MOOCSettings.scala
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,49 +0,0 @@
-package ch.epfl.lamp
-
-import sbt._
-import sbt.Keys._
-
-/**
- * Coursera uses two versions of each assignment. They both have the same assignment key and part id but have
- * different item ids.
- *
- * @param key Assignment key
- * @param partId Assignment partId
- * @param itemId Item id of the non premium version
- * @param premiumItemId Item id of the premium version (`None` if the assignment is optional)
- */
-case class CourseraId(key: String, partId: String, itemId: String, premiumItemId: Option[String])
-
-/**
- * Settings shared by all assignments, reused in various tasks.
- */
-object MOOCSettings extends AutoPlugin {
-
- override def requires = super.requires && filteringReporterPlugin.FilteringReporterPlugin
-
- object autoImport {
- val course = SettingKey[String]("course")
- val assignment = SettingKey[String]("assignment")
- val options = SettingKey[Map[String, Map[String, String]]]("options")
- val courseraId = settingKey[CourseraId]("Coursera-specific information identifying the assignment")
- val testSuite = settingKey[String]("Fully qualified name of the test suite of this assignment")
- .withRank(KeyRanks.Invisible)
- // Convenient alias
- type CourseraId = ch.epfl.lamp.CourseraId
- val CourseraId = ch.epfl.lamp.CourseraId
- }
-
- import autoImport._
-
- override val globalSettings: Seq[Def.Setting[_]] = Seq(
- // supershell is verbose, buggy and useless.
- useSuperShell := false
- )
-
- override val projectSettings: Seq[Def.Setting[_]] = Seq(
- parallelExecution in Test := false,
- // Report test result after each test instead of waiting for every test to finish
- logBuffered in Test := false,
- name := s"${course.value}-${assignment.value}"
- )
-}
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f4/project/StudentTasks.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f4/project/StudentTasks.scala
deleted file mode 100644
index c4669afe82dd2b45651f94dcad9e736f29d21432..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f4/project/StudentTasks.scala
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,303 +0,0 @@
-package ch.epfl.lamp
-
-import sbt._
-import Keys._
-
-// import scalaj.http._
-import java.io.{File, FileInputStream, IOException}
-import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64
-// import play.api.libs.json.{Json, JsObject, JsPath}
-import scala.util.{Failure, Success, Try}
-
-/**
- * Provides tasks for submitting the assignment
- */
-object StudentTasks extends AutoPlugin {
-
- override def requires = super.requires && MOOCSettings
-
- object autoImport {
- val packageSourcesOnly = TaskKey[File]("packageSourcesOnly", "Package the sources of the project")
- val packageBinWithoutResources = TaskKey[File]("packageBinWithoutResources", "Like packageBin, but without the resources")
- val packageSubmissionZip = TaskKey[File]("packageSubmissionZip")
- val packageSubmission = inputKey[Unit]("package solution as an archive file")
-
- lazy val Grading = config("grading") extend(Runtime)
- }
-
-
- import autoImport._
- import MOOCSettings.autoImport._
-
- override lazy val projectSettings = Seq(
- packageSubmissionSetting,
- fork := true,
- connectInput in run := true,
- outputStrategy := Some(StdoutOutput),
- ) ++
- packageSubmissionZipSettings ++
- inConfig(Grading)(Defaults.testSettings ++ Seq(
- unmanagedJars += file("grading-tests.jar"),
-
- definedTests := (definedTests in Test).value,
- internalDependencyClasspath := (internalDependencyClasspath in Test).value
- ))
-
-
- /** **********************************************************
- * SUBMITTING A SOLUTION TO COURSERA
- */
-
- val packageSubmissionZipSettings = Seq(
- packageSubmissionZip := {
- val submission = crossTarget.value / "submission.zip"
- val sources = (packageSourcesOnly in Compile).value
- val binaries = (packageBinWithoutResources in Compile).value
- IO.zip(Seq(sources -> "sources.zip", binaries -> "binaries.jar"), submission, None)
- submission
- },
- artifactClassifier in packageSourcesOnly := Some("sources"),
- artifact in (Compile, packageBinWithoutResources) ~= (art => art.withName(art.name + "-without-resources"))
- ) ++
- inConfig(Compile)(
- Defaults.packageTaskSettings(packageSourcesOnly, Defaults.sourceMappings) ++
- Defaults.packageTaskSettings(packageBinWithoutResources, Def.task {
- val relativePaths =
- (unmanagedResources in Compile).value.flatMap(Path.relativeTo((unmanagedResourceDirectories in Compile).value)(_))
- (mappings in (Compile, packageBin)).value.filterNot { case (_, path) => relativePaths.contains(path) }
- })
- )
-
- val maxSubmitFileSize = {
- val mb = 1024 * 1024
- 10 * mb
- }
-
- /** Check that the jar exists, isn't empty, isn't crazy big, and can be read
- * If so, encode jar as base64 so we can send it to Coursera
- */
- def prepareJar(jar: File, s: TaskStreams): String = {
- val errPrefix = "Error submitting assignment jar: "
- val fileLength = jar.length()
- if (!jar.exists()) {
- s.log.error(errPrefix + "jar archive does not exist\n" + jar.getAbsolutePath)
- failSubmit()
- } else if (fileLength == 0L) {
- s.log.error(errPrefix + "jar archive is empty\n" + jar.getAbsolutePath)
- failSubmit()
- } else if (fileLength > maxSubmitFileSize) {
- s.log.error(errPrefix + "jar archive is too big. Allowed size: " +
- maxSubmitFileSize + " bytes, found " + fileLength + " bytes.\n" +
- jar.getAbsolutePath)
- failSubmit()
- } else {
- val bytes = new Array[Byte](fileLength.toInt)
- val sizeRead = try {
- val is = new FileInputStream(jar)
- val read = is.read(bytes)
- is.close()
- read
- } catch {
- case ex: IOException =>
- s.log.error(errPrefix + "failed to read sources jar archive\n" + ex.toString)
- failSubmit()
- }
- if (sizeRead != bytes.length) {
- s.log.error(errPrefix + "failed to read the sources jar archive, size read: " + sizeRead)
- failSubmit()
- } else encodeBase64(bytes)
- }
- }
-
- /** Task to package solution to a given file path */
- lazy val packageSubmissionSetting = packageSubmission := {
- val args: Seq[String] = Def.spaceDelimited("[path]").parsed
- val s: TaskStreams = streams.value // for logging
- val jar = (packageSubmissionZip in Compile).value
-
- val base64Jar = prepareJar(jar, s)
-
- val path = args.headOption.getOrElse((baseDirectory.value / "submission.jar").absolutePath)
- scala.tools.nsc.io.File(path).writeAll(base64Jar)
- }
-
-/*
- /** Task to submit a solution to coursera */
- val submit = inputKey[Unit]("submit solution to Coursera")
- lazy val submitSetting = submit := {
- // Fail if scalafix linting does not pass.
- scalafixLinting.value
-
- val args: Seq[String] = Def.spaceDelimited("<arg>").parsed
- val s: TaskStreams = streams.value // for logging
- val jar = (packageSubmissionZip in Compile).value
-
- val assignmentDetails =
- courseraId.?.value.getOrElse(throw new MessageOnlyException("This assignment can not be submitted to Coursera because the `courseraId` setting is undefined"))
- val assignmentKey = assignmentDetails.key
- val courseName =
- course.value match {
- case "capstone" => "scala-capstone"
- case "bigdata" => "scala-spark-big-data"
- case other => other
- }
-
- val partId = assignmentDetails.partId
- val itemId = assignmentDetails.itemId
- val premiumItemId = assignmentDetails.premiumItemId
-
- val (email, secret) = args match {
- case email :: secret :: Nil =>
- (email, secret)
- case _ =>
- val inputErr =
- s"""|Invalid input to `submit`. The required syntax for `submit` is:
- |submit <email-address> <submit-token>
- |
- |The submit token is NOT YOUR LOGIN PASSWORD.
- |It can be obtained from the assignment page:
- |https://www.coursera.org/learn/$courseName/programming/$itemId
- |${
- premiumItemId.fold("") { id =>
- s"""or (for premium learners):
- |https://www.coursera.org/learn/$courseName/programming/$id
- """.stripMargin
- }
- }
- """.stripMargin
- s.log.error(inputErr)
- failSubmit()
- }
-
- val base64Jar = prepareJar(jar, s)
- val json =
- s"""|{
- | "assignmentKey":"$assignmentKey",
- | "submitterEmail":"$email",
- | "secret":"$secret",
- | "parts":{
- | "$partId":{
- | "output":"$base64Jar"
- | }
- | }
- |}""".stripMargin
-
- def postSubmission[T](data: String): Try[HttpResponse[String]] = {
- val http = Http("https://www.coursera.org/api/onDemandProgrammingScriptSubmissions.v1")
- val hs = List(
- ("Cache-Control", "no-cache"),
- ("Content-Type", "application/json")
- )
- s.log.info("Connecting to Coursera...")
- val response = Try(http.postData(data)
- .headers(hs)
- .option(HttpOptions.connTimeout(10000)) // scalaj default timeout is only 100ms, changing that to 10s
- .asString) // kick off HTTP POST
- response
- }
-
- val connectMsg =
- s"""|Attempting to submit "${assignment.value}" assignment in "$courseName" course
- |Using:
- |- email: $email
- |- submit token: $secret""".stripMargin
- s.log.info(connectMsg)
-
- def reportCourseraResponse(response: HttpResponse[String]): Unit = {
- val code = response.code
- val respBody = response.body
-
- /* Sample JSON response from Coursera
- {
- "message": "Invalid email or token.",
- "details": {
- "learnerMessage": "Invalid email or token."
- }
- }
- */
-
- // Success, Coursera responds with 2xx HTTP status code
- if (response.is2xx) {
- val successfulSubmitMsg =
- s"""|Successfully connected to Coursera. (Status $code)
- |
- |Assignment submitted successfully!
- |
- |You can see how you scored by going to:
- |https://www.coursera.org/learn/$courseName/programming/$itemId/
- |${
- premiumItemId.fold("") { id =>
- s"""or (for premium learners):
- |https://www.coursera.org/learn/$courseName/programming/$id
- """.stripMargin
- }
- }
- |and clicking on "My Submission".""".stripMargin
- s.log.info(successfulSubmitMsg)
- }
-
- // Failure, Coursera responds with 4xx HTTP status code (client-side failure)
- else if (response.is4xx) {
- val result = Try(Json.parse(respBody)).toOption
- val learnerMsg = result match {
- case Some(resp: JsObject) =>
- (JsPath \ "details" \ "learnerMessage").read[String].reads(resp).get
- case Some(x) => // shouldn't happen
- "Could not parse Coursera's response:\n" + x
- case None =>
- "Could not parse Coursera's response:\n" + respBody
- }
- val failedSubmitMsg =
- s"""|Submission failed.
- |There was something wrong while attempting to submit.
- |Coursera says:
- |$learnerMsg (Status $code)""".stripMargin
- s.log.error(failedSubmitMsg)
- }
-
- // Failure, Coursera responds with 5xx HTTP status code (server-side failure)
- else if (response.is5xx) {
- val failedSubmitMsg =
- s"""|Submission failed.
- |Coursera seems to be unavailable at the moment (Status $code)
- |Check https://status.coursera.org/ and try again in a few minutes.
- """.stripMargin
- s.log.error(failedSubmitMsg)
- }
-
- // Failure, Coursera repsonds with an unexpected status code
- else {
- val failedSubmitMsg =
- s"""|Submission failed.
- |Coursera replied with an unexpected code (Status $code)
- """.stripMargin
- s.log.error(failedSubmitMsg)
- }
- }
-
- // kick it all off, actually make request
- postSubmission(json) match {
- case Success(resp) => reportCourseraResponse(resp)
- case Failure(e) =>
- val failedConnectMsg =
- s"""|Connection to Coursera failed.
- |There was something wrong while attempting to connect to Coursera.
- |Check your internet connection.
- |${e.toString}""".stripMargin
- s.log.error(failedConnectMsg)
- }
-
- }
-*/
-
- def failSubmit(): Nothing = {
- sys.error("Submission failed")
- }
-
- /**
- * *****************
- * DEALING WITH JARS
- */
- def encodeBase64(bytes: Array[Byte]): String =
- new String(Base64.encodeBase64(bytes))
-}
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f4/project/build.properties b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f4/project/build.properties
deleted file mode 100644
index 0b2e09c5ac99bd3de91b2b139b94301c2b6e26f3..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f4/project/build.properties
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-sbt.version=1.4.7
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f4/project/buildSettings.sbt b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f4/project/buildSettings.sbt
deleted file mode 100644
index 8fac702aaf3f3c4ede79691c7b4e4a52f26f3f47..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f4/project/buildSettings.sbt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// Used for Coursera submission (StudentPlugin)
-// libraryDependencies += "org.scalaj" %% "scalaj-http" % "2.4.2"
-// libraryDependencies += "com.typesafe.play" %% "play-json" % "2.7.4"
-// Used for Base64 (StudentPlugin)
-libraryDependencies += "commons-codec" % "commons-codec" % "1.10"
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f4/project/plugins.sbt b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f4/project/plugins.sbt
deleted file mode 100644
index fb7dbe068109e7f35c13b2762b865c7eec1979f3..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f4/project/plugins.sbt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-// addSbtPlugin("org.scala-js" % "sbt-scalajs" % "0.6.28")
-addSbtPlugin("com.typesafe.play" % "sbt-plugin" % "2.8.8")
-addSbtPlugin("ch.epfl.lamp" % "sbt-dotty" % "0.5.3")
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f4/src/main/resources/f4/shakespeare.txt b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f4/src/main/resources/f4/shakespeare.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 750a04988ca3441e6512957bd7d366501e4364e7..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f4/src/main/resources/f4/shakespeare.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39750 +0,0 @@
-First Citizen:
-Before we proceed any further, hear me speak.
-
-All:
-Speak, speak.
-
-First Citizen:
-You are all resolved rather to die than to famish?
-
-All:
-Resolved. resolved.
-
-First Citizen:
-First, you know Caius Marcius is chief enemy to the people.
-
-All:
-We know't, we know't.
-
-First Citizen:
-Let us kill him, and we'll have corn at our own price.
-Is't a verdict?
-
-All:
-No more talking on't; let it be done: away, away!
-
-Second Citizen:
-One word, good citizens.
-
-First Citizen:
-We are accounted poor citizens, the patricians good.
-What authority surfeits on would relieve us: if they
-would yield us but the superfluity, while it were
-wholesome, we might guess they relieved us humanely;
-but they think we are too dear: the leanness that
-afflicts us, the object of our misery, is as an
-inventory to particularise their abundance; our
-sufferance is a gain to them Let us revenge this with
-our pikes, ere we become rakes: for the gods know I
-speak this in hunger for bread, not in thirst for revenge.
-
-Second Citizen:
-Would you proceed especially against Caius Marcius?
-
-All:
-Against him first: he's a very dog to the commonalty.
-
-Second Citizen:
-Consider you what services he has done for his country?
-
-First Citizen:
-Very well; and could be content to give him good
-report fort, but that he pays himself with being proud.
-
-Second Citizen:
-Nay, but speak not maliciously.
-
-First Citizen:
-I say unto you, what he hath done famously, he did
-it to that end: though soft-conscienced men can be
-content to say it was for his country he did it to
-please his mother and to be partly proud; which he
-is, even till the altitude of his virtue.
-
-Second Citizen:
-What he cannot help in his nature, you account a
-vice in him. You must in no way say he is covetous.
-
-First Citizen:
-If I must not, I need not be barren of accusations;
-he hath faults, with surplus, to tire in repetition.
-What shouts are these? The other side o' the city
-is risen: why stay we prating here? to the Capitol!
-
-All:
-Come, come.
-
-First Citizen:
-Soft! who comes here?
-
-Second Citizen:
-Worthy Menenius Agrippa; one that hath always loved
-the people.
-
-First Citizen:
-He's one honest enough: would all the rest were so!
-
-MENENIUS:
-What work's, my countrymen, in hand? where go you
-With bats and clubs? The matter? speak, I pray you.
-
-First Citizen:
-Our business is not unknown to the senate; they have
-had inkling this fortnight what we intend to do,
-which now we'll show 'em in deeds. They say poor
-suitors have strong breaths: they shall know we
-have strong arms too.
-
-MENENIUS:
-Why, masters, my good friends, mine honest neighbours,
-Will you undo yourselves?
-
-First Citizen:
-We cannot, sir, we are undone already.
-
-MENENIUS:
-I tell you, friends, most charitable care
-Have the patricians of you. For your wants,
-Your suffering in this dearth, you may as well
-Strike at the heaven with your staves as lift them
-Against the Roman state, whose course will on
-The way it takes, cracking ten thousand curbs
-Of more strong link asunder than can ever
-Appear in your impediment. For the dearth,
-The gods, not the patricians, make it, and
-Your knees to them, not arms, must help. Alack,
-You are transported by calamity
-Thither where more attends you, and you slander
-The helms o' the state, who care for you like fathers,
-When you curse them as enemies.
-
-First Citizen:
-Care for us! True, indeed! They ne'er cared for us
-yet: suffer us to famish, and their store-houses
-crammed with grain; make edicts for usury, to
-support usurers; repeal daily any wholesome act
-established against the rich, and provide more
-piercing statutes daily, to chain up and restrain
-the poor. If the wars eat us not up, they will; and
-there's all the love they bear us.
-
-MENENIUS:
-Either you must
-Confess yourselves wondrous malicious,
-Or be accused of folly. I shall tell you
-A pretty tale: it may be you have heard it;
-But, since it serves my purpose, I will venture
-To stale 't a little more.
-
-First Citizen:
-Well, I'll hear it, sir: yet you must not think to
-fob off our disgrace with a tale: but, an 't please
-you, deliver.
-
-MENENIUS:
-There was a time when all the body's members
-Rebell'd against the belly, thus accused it:
-That only like a gulf it did remain
-I' the midst o' the body, idle and unactive,
-Still cupboarding the viand, never bearing
-Like labour with the rest, where the other instruments
-Did see and hear, devise, instruct, walk, feel,
-And, mutually participate, did minister
-Unto the appetite and affection common
-Of the whole body. The belly answer'd--
-
-First Citizen:
-Well, sir, what answer made the belly?
-
-MENENIUS:
-Sir, I shall tell you. With a kind of smile,
-Which ne'er came from the lungs, but even thus--
-For, look you, I may make the belly smile
-As well as speak--it tauntingly replied
-To the discontented members, the mutinous parts
-That envied his receipt; even so most fitly
-As you malign our senators for that
-They are not such as you.
-
-First Citizen:
-Your belly's answer? What!
-The kingly-crowned head, the vigilant eye,
-The counsellor heart, the arm our soldier,
-Our steed the leg, the tongue our trumpeter.
-With other muniments and petty helps
-In this our fabric, if that they--
-
-MENENIUS:
-What then?
-'Fore me, this fellow speaks! What then? what then?
-
-First Citizen:
-Should by the cormorant belly be restrain'd,
-Who is the sink o' the body,--
-
-MENENIUS:
-Well, what then?
-
-First Citizen:
-The former agents, if they did complain,
-What could the belly answer?
-
-MENENIUS:
-I will tell you
-If you'll bestow a small--of what you have little--
-Patience awhile, you'll hear the belly's answer.
-
-First Citizen:
-Ye're long about it.
-
-MENENIUS:
-Note me this, good friend;
-Your most grave belly was deliberate,
-Not rash like his accusers, and thus answer'd:
-'True is it, my incorporate friends,' quoth he,
-'That I receive the general food at first,
-Which you do live upon; and fit it is,
-Because I am the store-house and the shop
-Of the whole body: but, if you do remember,
-I send it through the rivers of your blood,
-Even to the court, the heart, to the seat o' the brain;
-And, through the cranks and offices of man,
-The strongest nerves and small inferior veins
-From me receive that natural competency
-Whereby they live: and though that all at once,
-You, my good friends,'--this says the belly, mark me,--
-
-First Citizen:
-Ay, sir; well, well.
-
-MENENIUS:
-'Though all at once cannot
-See what I do deliver out to each,
-Yet I can make my audit up, that all
-From me do back receive the flour of all,
-And leave me but the bran.' What say you to't?
-
-First Citizen:
-It was an answer: how apply you this?
-
-MENENIUS:
-The senators of Rome are this good belly,
-And you the mutinous members; for examine
-Their counsels and their cares, digest things rightly
-Touching the weal o' the common, you shall find
-No public benefit which you receive
-But it proceeds or comes from them to you
-And no way from yourselves. What do you think,
-You, the great toe of this assembly?
-
-First Citizen:
-I the great toe! why the great toe?
-
-MENENIUS:
-For that, being one o' the lowest, basest, poorest,
-Of this most wise rebellion, thou go'st foremost:
-Thou rascal, that art worst in blood to run,
-Lead'st first to win some vantage.
-But make you ready your stiff bats and clubs:
-Rome and her rats are at the point of battle;
-The one side must have bale.
-Hail, noble Marcius!
-
-MARCIUS:
-Thanks. What's the matter, you dissentious rogues,
-That, rubbing the poor itch of your opinion,
-Make yourselves scabs?
-
-First Citizen:
-We have ever your good word.
-
-MARCIUS:
-He that will give good words to thee will flatter
-Beneath abhorring. What would you have, you curs,
-That like nor peace nor war? the one affrights you,
-The other makes you proud. He that trusts to you,
-Where he should find you lions, finds you hares;
-Where foxes, geese: you are no surer, no,
-Than is the coal of fire upon the ice,
-Or hailstone in the sun. Your virtue is
-To make him worthy whose offence subdues him
-And curse that justice did it.
-Who deserves greatness
-Deserves your hate; and your affections are
-A sick man's appetite, who desires most that
-Which would increase his evil. He that depends
-Upon your favours swims with fins of lead
-And hews down oaks with rushes. Hang ye! Trust Ye?
-With every minute you do change a mind,
-And call him noble that was now your hate,
-Him vile that was your garland. What's the matter,
-That in these several places of the city
-You cry against the noble senate, who,
-Under the gods, keep you in awe, which else
-Would feed on one another? What's their seeking?
-
-MENENIUS:
-For corn at their own rates; whereof, they say,
-The city is well stored.
-
-MARCIUS:
-Hang 'em! They say!
-They'll sit by the fire, and presume to know
-What's done i' the Capitol; who's like to rise,
-Who thrives and who declines; side factions
-and give out
-Conjectural marriages; making parties strong
-And feebling such as stand not in their liking
-Below their cobbled shoes. They say there's
-grain enough!
-Would the nobility lay aside their ruth,
-And let me use my sword, I'll make a quarry
-With thousands of these quarter'd slaves, as high
-As I could pick my lance.
-
-MENENIUS:
-Nay, these are almost thoroughly persuaded;
-For though abundantly they lack discretion,
-Yet are they passing cowardly. But, I beseech you,
-What says the other troop?
-
-MARCIUS:
-They are dissolved: hang 'em!
-They said they were an-hungry; sigh'd forth proverbs,
-That hunger broke stone walls, that dogs must eat,
-That meat was made for mouths, that the gods sent not
-Corn for the rich men only: with these shreds
-They vented their complainings; which being answer'd,
-And a petition granted them, a strange one--
-To break the heart of generosity,
-And make bold power look pale--they threw their caps
-As they would hang them on the horns o' the moon,
-Shouting their emulation.
-
-MENENIUS:
-What is granted them?
-
-MARCIUS:
-Five tribunes to defend their vulgar wisdoms,
-Of their own choice: one's Junius Brutus,
-Sicinius Velutus, and I know not--'Sdeath!
-The rabble should have first unroof'd the city,
-Ere so prevail'd with me: it will in time
-Win upon power and throw forth greater themes
-For insurrection's arguing.
-
-MENENIUS:
-This is strange.
-
-MARCIUS:
-Go, get you home, you fragments!
-
-Messenger:
-Where's Caius Marcius?
-
-MARCIUS:
-Here: what's the matter?
-
-Messenger:
-The news is, sir, the Volsces are in arms.
-
-MARCIUS:
-I am glad on 't: then we shall ha' means to vent
-Our musty superfluity. See, our best elders.
-
-First Senator:
-Marcius, 'tis true that you have lately told us;
-The Volsces are in arms.
-
-MARCIUS:
-They have a leader,
-Tullus Aufidius, that will put you to 't.
-I sin in envying his nobility,
-And were I any thing but what I am,
-I would wish me only he.
-
-COMINIUS:
-You have fought together.
-
-MARCIUS:
-Were half to half the world by the ears and he.
-Upon my party, I'ld revolt to make
-Only my wars with him: he is a lion
-That I am proud to hunt.
-
-First Senator:
-Then, worthy Marcius,
-Attend upon Cominius to these wars.
-
-COMINIUS:
-It is your former promise.
-
-MARCIUS:
-Sir, it is;
-And I am constant. Titus Lartius, thou
-Shalt see me once more strike at Tullus' face.
-What, art thou stiff? stand'st out?
-
-TITUS:
-No, Caius Marcius;
-I'll lean upon one crutch and fight with t'other,
-Ere stay behind this business.
-
-MENENIUS:
-O, true-bred!
-
-First Senator:
-Your company to the Capitol; where, I know,
-Our greatest friends attend us.
-
-COMINIUS:
-Noble Marcius!
-
-MARCIUS:
-Nay, let them follow:
-The Volsces have much corn; take these rats thither
-To gnaw their garners. Worshipful mutiners,
-Your valour puts well forth: pray, follow.
-
-SICINIUS:
-Was ever man so proud as is this Marcius?
-
-BRUTUS:
-He has no equal.
-
-SICINIUS:
-When we were chosen tribunes for the people,--
-
-BRUTUS:
-Mark'd you his lip and eyes?
-
-SICINIUS:
-Nay. but his taunts.
-
-BRUTUS:
-Being moved, he will not spare to gird the gods.
-
-SICINIUS:
-Be-mock the modest moon.
-
-BRUTUS:
-The present wars devour him: he is grown
-Too proud to be so valiant.
-
-SICINIUS:
-Such a nature,
-Tickled with good success, disdains the shadow
-Which he treads on at noon: but I do wonder
-His insolence can brook to be commanded
-Under Cominius.
-
-BRUTUS:
-Fame, at the which he aims,
-In whom already he's well graced, can not
-Better be held nor more attain'd than by
-A place below the first: for what miscarries
-Shall be the general's fault, though he perform
-To the utmost of a man, and giddy censure
-Will then cry out of Marcius 'O if he
-Had borne the business!'
-
-SICINIUS:
-Besides, if things go well,
-Opinion that so sticks on Marcius shall
-Of his demerits rob Cominius.
-
-BRUTUS:
-Come:
-Half all Cominius' honours are to Marcius.
-Though Marcius earned them not, and all his faults
-To Marcius shall be honours, though indeed
-In aught he merit not.
-
-SICINIUS:
-Let's hence, and hear
-How the dispatch is made, and in what fashion,
-More than his singularity, he goes
-Upon this present action.
-
-BRUTUS:
-Lets along.
-
-First Senator:
-So, your opinion is, Aufidius,
-That they of Rome are entered in our counsels
-And know how we proceed.
-
-AUFIDIUS:
-Is it not yours?
-What ever have been thought on in this state,
-That could be brought to bodily act ere Rome
-Had circumvention? 'Tis not four days gone
-Since I heard thence; these are the words: I think
-I have the letter here; yes, here it is.
-'They have press'd a power, but it is not known
-Whether for east or west: the dearth is great;
-The people mutinous; and it is rumour'd,
-Cominius, Marcius your old enemy,
-Who is of Rome worse hated than of you,
-And Titus Lartius, a most valiant Roman,
-These three lead on this preparation
-Whither 'tis bent: most likely 'tis for you:
-Consider of it.'
-
-First Senator:
-Our army's in the field
-We never yet made doubt but Rome was ready
-To answer us.
-
-AUFIDIUS:
-Nor did you think it folly
-To keep your great pretences veil'd till when
-They needs must show themselves; which
-in the hatching,
-It seem'd, appear'd to Rome. By the discovery.
-We shall be shorten'd in our aim, which was
-To take in many towns ere almost Rome
-Should know we were afoot.
-
-Second Senator:
-Noble Aufidius,
-Take your commission; hie you to your bands:
-Let us alone to guard Corioli:
-If they set down before 's, for the remove
-Bring your army; but, I think, you'll find
-They've not prepared for us.
-
-AUFIDIUS:
-O, doubt not that;
-I speak from certainties. Nay, more,
-Some parcels of their power are forth already,
-And only hitherward. I leave your honours.
-If we and Caius Marcius chance to meet,
-'Tis sworn between us we shall ever strike
-Till one can do no more.
-
-All:
-The gods assist you!
-
-AUFIDIUS:
-And keep your honours safe!
-
-First Senator:
-Farewell.
-
-Second Senator:
-Farewell.
-
-All:
-Farewell.
-
-VOLUMNIA:
-I pray you, daughter, sing; or express yourself in a
-more comfortable sort: if my son were my husband, I
-should freelier rejoice in that absence wherein he
-won honour than in the embracements of his bed where
-he would show most love. When yet he was but
-tender-bodied and the only son of my womb, when
-youth with comeliness plucked all gaze his way, when
-for a day of kings' entreaties a mother should not
-sell him an hour from her beholding, I, considering
-how honour would become such a person. that it was
-no better than picture-like to hang by the wall, if
-renown made it not stir, was pleased to let him seek
-danger where he was like to find fame. To a cruel
-war I sent him; from whence he returned, his brows
-bound with oak. I tell thee, daughter, I sprang not
-more in joy at first hearing he was a man-child
-than now in first seeing he had proved himself a
-man.
-
-VIRGILIA:
-But had he died in the business, madam; how then?
-
-VOLUMNIA:
-Then his good report should have been my son; I
-therein would have found issue. Hear me profess
-sincerely: had I a dozen sons, each in my love
-alike and none less dear than thine and my good
-Marcius, I had rather had eleven die nobly for their
-country than one voluptuously surfeit out of action.
-
-Gentlewoman:
-Madam, the Lady Valeria is come to visit you.
-
-VIRGILIA:
-Beseech you, give me leave to retire myself.
-
-VOLUMNIA:
-Indeed, you shall not.
-Methinks I hear hither your husband's drum,
-See him pluck Aufidius down by the hair,
-As children from a bear, the Volsces shunning him:
-Methinks I see him stamp thus, and call thus:
-'Come on, you cowards! you were got in fear,
-Though you were born in Rome:' his bloody brow
-With his mail'd hand then wiping, forth he goes,
-Like to a harvest-man that's task'd to mow
-Or all or lose his hire.
-
-VIRGILIA:
-His bloody brow! O Jupiter, no blood!
-
-VOLUMNIA:
-Away, you fool! it more becomes a man
-Than gilt his trophy: the breasts of Hecuba,
-When she did suckle Hector, look'd not lovelier
-Than Hector's forehead when it spit forth blood
-At Grecian sword, contemning. Tell Valeria,
-We are fit to bid her welcome.
-
-VIRGILIA:
-Heavens bless my lord from fell Aufidius!
-
-VOLUMNIA:
-He'll beat Aufidius 'head below his knee
-And tread upon his neck.
-
-VALERIA:
-My ladies both, good day to you.
-
-VOLUMNIA:
-Sweet madam.
-
-VIRGILIA:
-I am glad to see your ladyship.
-
-VALERIA:
-How do you both? you are manifest house-keepers.
-What are you sewing here? A fine spot, in good
-faith. How does your little son?
-
-VIRGILIA:
-I thank your ladyship; well, good madam.
-
-VOLUMNIA:
-He had rather see the swords, and hear a drum, than
-look upon his school-master.
-
-VALERIA:
-O' my word, the father's son: I'll swear,'tis a
-very pretty boy. O' my troth, I looked upon him o'
-Wednesday half an hour together: has such a
-confirmed countenance. I saw him run after a gilded
-butterfly: and when he caught it, he let it go
-again; and after it again; and over and over he
-comes, and again; catched it again; or whether his
-fall enraged him, or how 'twas, he did so set his
-teeth and tear it; O, I warrant it, how he mammocked
-it!
-
-VOLUMNIA:
-One on 's father's moods.
-
-VALERIA:
-Indeed, la, 'tis a noble child.
-
-VIRGILIA:
-A crack, madam.
-
-VALERIA:
-Come, lay aside your stitchery; I must have you play
-the idle husewife with me this afternoon.
-
-VIRGILIA:
-No, good madam; I will not out of doors.
-
-VALERIA:
-Not out of doors!
-
-VOLUMNIA:
-She shall, she shall.
-
-VIRGILIA:
-Indeed, no, by your patience; I'll not over the
-threshold till my lord return from the wars.
-
-VALERIA:
-Fie, you confine yourself most unreasonably: come,
-you must go visit the good lady that lies in.
-
-VIRGILIA:
-I will wish her speedy strength, and visit her with
-my prayers; but I cannot go thither.
-
-VOLUMNIA:
-Why, I pray you?
-
-VIRGILIA:
-'Tis not to save labour, nor that I want love.
-
-VALERIA:
-You would be another Penelope: yet, they say, all
-the yarn she spun in Ulysses' absence did but fill
-Ithaca full of moths. Come; I would your cambric
-were sensible as your finger, that you might leave
-pricking it for pity. Come, you shall go with us.
-
-VIRGILIA:
-No, good madam, pardon me; indeed, I will not forth.
-
-VALERIA:
-In truth, la, go with me; and I'll tell you
-excellent news of your husband.
-
-VIRGILIA:
-O, good madam, there can be none yet.
-
-VALERIA:
-Verily, I do not jest with you; there came news from
-him last night.
-
-VIRGILIA:
-Indeed, madam?
-
-VALERIA:
-In earnest, it's true; I heard a senator speak it.
-Thus it is: the Volsces have an army forth; against
-whom Cominius the general is gone, with one part of
-our Roman power: your lord and Titus Lartius are set
-down before their city Corioli; they nothing doubt
-prevailing and to make it brief wars. This is true,
-on mine honour; and so, I pray, go with us.
-
-VIRGILIA:
-Give me excuse, good madam; I will obey you in every
-thing hereafter.
-
-VOLUMNIA:
-Let her alone, lady: as she is now, she will but
-disease our better mirth.
-
-VALERIA:
-In troth, I think she would. Fare you well, then.
-Come, good sweet lady. Prithee, Virgilia, turn thy
-solemness out o' door. and go along with us.
-
-VIRGILIA:
-No, at a word, madam; indeed, I must not. I wish
-you much mirth.
-
-VALERIA:
-Well, then, farewell.
-
-MARCIUS:
-Yonder comes news. A wager they have met.
-
-LARTIUS:
-My horse to yours, no.
-
-MARCIUS:
-'Tis done.
-
-LARTIUS:
-Agreed.
-
-MARCIUS:
-Say, has our general met the enemy?
-
-Messenger:
-They lie in view; but have not spoke as yet.
-
-LARTIUS:
-So, the good horse is mine.
-
-MARCIUS:
-I'll buy him of you.
-
-LARTIUS:
-No, I'll nor sell nor give him: lend you him I will
-For half a hundred years. Summon the town.
-
-MARCIUS:
-How far off lie these armies?
-
-Messenger:
-Within this mile and half.
-
-MARCIUS:
-Then shall we hear their 'larum, and they ours.
-Now, Mars, I prithee, make us quick in work,
-That we with smoking swords may march from hence,
-To help our fielded friends! Come, blow thy blast.
-Tutus Aufidius, is he within your walls?
-
-First Senator:
-No, nor a man that fears you less than he,
-That's lesser than a little.
-Hark! our drums
-Are bringing forth our youth. We'll break our walls,
-Rather than they shall pound us up: our gates,
-Which yet seem shut, we, have but pinn'd with rushes;
-They'll open of themselves.
-Hark you. far off!
-There is Aufidius; list, what work he makes
-Amongst your cloven army.
-
-MARCIUS:
-O, they are at it!
-
-LARTIUS:
-Their noise be our instruction. Ladders, ho!
-
-MARCIUS:
-They fear us not, but issue forth their city.
-Now put your shields before your hearts, and fight
-With hearts more proof than shields. Advance,
-brave Titus:
-They do disdain us much beyond our thoughts,
-Which makes me sweat with wrath. Come on, my fellows:
-He that retires I'll take him for a Volsce,
-And he shall feel mine edge.
-
-MARCIUS:
-All the contagion of the south light on you,
-You shames of Rome! you herd of--Boils and plagues
-Plaster you o'er, that you may be abhorr'd
-Further than seen and one infect another
-Against the wind a mile! You souls of geese,
-That bear the shapes of men, how have you run
-From slaves that apes would beat! Pluto and hell!
-All hurt behind; backs red, and faces pale
-With flight and agued fear! Mend and charge home,
-Or, by the fires of heaven, I'll leave the foe
-And make my wars on you: look to't: come on;
-If you'll stand fast, we'll beat them to their wives,
-As they us to our trenches followed.
-So, now the gates are ope: now prove good seconds:
-'Tis for the followers fortune widens them,
-Not for the fliers: mark me, and do the like.
-
-First Soldier:
-Fool-hardiness; not I.
-
-Second Soldier:
-Nor I.
-
-First Soldier:
-See, they have shut him in.
-
-All:
-To the pot, I warrant him.
-
-LARTIUS:
-What is become of Marcius?
-
-All:
-Slain, sir, doubtless.
-
-First Soldier:
-Following the fliers at the very heels,
-With them he enters; who, upon the sudden,
-Clapp'd to their gates: he is himself alone,
-To answer all the city.
-
-LARTIUS:
-O noble fellow!
-Who sensibly outdares his senseless sword,
-And, when it bows, stands up. Thou art left, Marcius:
-A carbuncle entire, as big as thou art,
-Were not so rich a jewel. Thou wast a soldier
-Even to Cato's wish, not fierce and terrible
-Only in strokes; but, with thy grim looks and
-The thunder-like percussion of thy sounds,
-Thou madst thine enemies shake, as if the world
-Were feverous and did tremble.
-
-First Soldier:
-Look, sir.
-
-LARTIUS:
-O,'tis Marcius!
-Let's fetch him off, or make remain alike.
-
-First Roman:
-This will I carry to Rome.
-
-Second Roman:
-And I this.
-
-Third Roman:
-A murrain on't! I took this for silver.
-
-MARCIUS:
-See here these movers that do prize their hours
-At a crack'd drachm! Cushions, leaden spoons,
-Irons of a doit, doublets that hangmen would
-Bury with those that wore them, these base slaves,
-Ere yet the fight be done, pack up: down with them!
-And hark, what noise the general makes! To him!
-There is the man of my soul's hate, Aufidius,
-Piercing our Romans: then, valiant Titus, take
-Convenient numbers to make good the city;
-Whilst I, with those that have the spirit, will haste
-To help Cominius.
-
-LARTIUS:
-Worthy sir, thou bleed'st;
-Thy exercise hath been too violent for
-A second course of fight.
-
-MARCIUS:
-Sir, praise me not;
-My work hath yet not warm'd me: fare you well:
-The blood I drop is rather physical
-Than dangerous to me: to Aufidius thus
-I will appear, and fight.
-
-LARTIUS:
-Now the fair goddess, Fortune,
-Fall deep in love with thee; and her great charms
-Misguide thy opposers' swords! Bold gentleman,
-Prosperity be thy page!
-
-MARCIUS:
-Thy friend no less
-Than those she placeth highest! So, farewell.
-
-LARTIUS:
-Thou worthiest Marcius!
-Go, sound thy trumpet in the market-place;
-Call thither all the officers o' the town,
-Where they shall know our mind: away!
-
-COMINIUS:
-Breathe you, my friends: well fought;
-we are come off
-Like Romans, neither foolish in our stands,
-Nor cowardly in retire: believe me, sirs,
-We shall be charged again. Whiles we have struck,
-By interims and conveying gusts we have heard
-The charges of our friends. Ye Roman gods!
-Lead their successes as we wish our own,
-That both our powers, with smiling
-fronts encountering,
-May give you thankful sacrifice.
-Thy news?
-
-Messenger:
-The citizens of Corioli have issued,
-And given to Lartius and to Marcius battle:
-I saw our party to their trenches driven,
-And then I came away.
-
-COMINIUS:
-Though thou speak'st truth,
-Methinks thou speak'st not well.
-How long is't since?
-
-Messenger:
-Above an hour, my lord.
-
-COMINIUS:
-'Tis not a mile; briefly we heard their drums:
-How couldst thou in a mile confound an hour,
-And bring thy news so late?
-
-Messenger:
-Spies of the Volsces
-Held me in chase, that I was forced to wheel
-Three or four miles about, else had I, sir,
-Half an hour since brought my report.
-
-COMINIUS:
-Who's yonder,
-That does appear as he were flay'd? O gods
-He has the stamp of Marcius; and I have
-Before-time seen him thus.
-
-COMINIUS:
-The shepherd knows not thunder from a tabour
-More than I know the sound of Marcius' tongue
-From every meaner man.
-
-MARCIUS:
-Come I too late?
-
-COMINIUS:
-Ay, if you come not in the blood of others,
-But mantled in your own.
-
-MARCIUS:
-O, let me clip ye
-In arms as sound as when I woo'd, in heart
-As merry as when our nuptial day was done,
-And tapers burn'd to bedward!
-
-COMINIUS:
-Flower of warriors,
-How is it with Titus Lartius?
-
-MARCIUS:
-As with a man busied about decrees:
-Condemning some to death, and some to exile;
-Ransoming him, or pitying, threatening the other;
-Holding Corioli in the name of Rome,
-Even like a fawning greyhound in the leash,
-To let him slip at will.
-
-COMINIUS:
-Where is that slave
-Which told me they had beat you to your trenches?
-Where is he? call him hither.
-
-MARCIUS:
-Let him alone;
-He did inform the truth: but for our gentlemen,
-The common file--a plague! tribunes for them!--
-The mouse ne'er shunn'd the cat as they did budge
-From rascals worse than they.
-
-COMINIUS:
-But how prevail'd you?
-
-MARCIUS:
-Will the time serve to tell? I do not think.
-Where is the enemy? are you lords o' the field?
-If not, why cease you till you are so?
-
-COMINIUS:
-Marcius,
-We have at disadvantage fought and did
-Retire to win our purpose.
-
-MARCIUS:
-How lies their battle? know you on which side
-They have placed their men of trust?
-
-COMINIUS:
-As I guess, Marcius,
-Their bands i' the vaward are the Antiates,
-Of their best trust; o'er them Aufidius,
-Their very heart of hope.
-
-MARCIUS:
-I do beseech you,
-By all the battles wherein we have fought,
-By the blood we have shed together, by the vows
-We have made to endure friends, that you directly
-Set me against Aufidius and his Antiates;
-And that you not delay the present, but,
-Filling the air with swords advanced and darts,
-We prove this very hour.
-
-COMINIUS:
-Though I could wish
-You were conducted to a gentle bath
-And balms applied to, you, yet dare I never
-Deny your asking: take your choice of those
-That best can aid your action.
-
-MARCIUS:
-Those are they
-That most are willing. If any such be here--
-As it were sin to doubt--that love this painting
-Wherein you see me smear'd; if any fear
-Lesser his person than an ill report;
-If any think brave death outweighs bad life
-And that his country's dearer than himself;
-Let him alone, or so many so minded,
-Wave thus, to express his disposition,
-And follow Marcius.
-O, me alone! make you a sword of me?
-If these shows be not outward, which of you
-But is four Volsces? none of you but is
-Able to bear against the great Aufidius
-A shield as hard as his. A certain number,
-Though thanks to all, must I select
-from all: the rest
-Shall bear the business in some other fight,
-As cause will be obey'd. Please you to march;
-And four shall quickly draw out my command,
-Which men are best inclined.
-
-COMINIUS:
-March on, my fellows:
-Make good this ostentation, and you shall
-Divide in all with us.
-
-LARTIUS:
-So, let the ports be guarded: keep your duties,
-As I have set them down. If I do send, dispatch
-Those centuries to our aid: the rest will serve
-For a short holding: if we lose the field,
-We cannot keep the town.
-
-Lieutenant:
-Fear not our care, sir.
-
-LARTIUS:
-Hence, and shut your gates upon's.
-Our guider, come; to the Roman camp conduct us.
-
-MARCIUS:
-I'll fight with none but thee; for I do hate thee
-Worse than a promise-breaker.
-
-AUFIDIUS:
-We hate alike:
-Not Afric owns a serpent I abhor
-More than thy fame and envy. Fix thy foot.
-
-MARCIUS:
-Let the first budger die the other's slave,
-And the gods doom him after!
-
-AUFIDIUS:
-If I fly, Marcius,
-Holloa me like a hare.
-
-MARCIUS:
-Within these three hours, Tullus,
-Alone I fought in your Corioli walls,
-And made what work I pleased: 'tis not my blood
-Wherein thou seest me mask'd; for thy revenge
-Wrench up thy power to the highest.
-
-AUFIDIUS:
-Wert thou the Hector
-That was the whip of your bragg'd progeny,
-Thou shouldst not scape me here.
-Officious, and not valiant, you have shamed me
-In your condemned seconds.
-
-COMINIUS:
-If I should tell thee o'er this thy day's work,
-Thou'ldst not believe thy deeds: but I'll report it
-Where senators shall mingle tears with smiles,
-Where great patricians shall attend and shrug,
-I' the end admire, where ladies shall be frighted,
-And, gladly quaked, hear more; where the
-dull tribunes,
-That, with the fusty plebeians, hate thine honours,
-Shall say against their hearts 'We thank the gods
-Our Rome hath such a soldier.'
-Yet camest thou to a morsel of this feast,
-Having fully dined before.
-
-LARTIUS:
-O general,
-Here is the steed, we the caparison:
-Hadst thou beheld--
-
-MARCIUS:
-Pray now, no more: my mother,
-Who has a charter to extol her blood,
-When she does praise me grieves me. I have done
-As you have done; that's what I can; induced
-As you have been; that's for my country:
-He that has but effected his good will
-Hath overta'en mine act.
-
-COMINIUS:
-You shall not be
-The grave of your deserving; Rome must know
-The value of her own: 'twere a concealment
-Worse than a theft, no less than a traducement,
-To hide your doings; and to silence that,
-Which, to the spire and top of praises vouch'd,
-Would seem but modest: therefore, I beseech you
-In sign of what you are, not to reward
-What you have done--before our army hear me.
-
-MARCIUS:
-I have some wounds upon me, and they smart
-To hear themselves remember'd.
-
-COMINIUS:
-Should they not,
-Well might they fester 'gainst ingratitude,
-And tent themselves with death. Of all the horses,
-Whereof we have ta'en good and good store, of all
-The treasure in this field achieved and city,
-We render you the tenth, to be ta'en forth,
-Before the common distribution, at
-Your only choice.
-
-MARCIUS:
-I thank you, general;
-But cannot make my heart consent to take
-A bribe to pay my sword: I do refuse it;
-And stand upon my common part with those
-That have beheld the doing.
-
-MARCIUS:
-May these same instruments, which you profane,
-Never sound more! when drums and trumpets shall
-I' the field prove flatterers, let courts and cities be
-Made all of false-faced soothing!
-When steel grows soft as the parasite's silk,
-Let him be made a coverture for the wars!
-No more, I say! For that I have not wash'd
-My nose that bled, or foil'd some debile wretch.--
-Which, without note, here's many else have done,--
-You shout me forth
-In acclamations hyperbolical;
-As if I loved my little should be dieted
-In praises sauced with lies.
-
-COMINIUS:
-Too modest are you;
-More cruel to your good report than grateful
-To us that give you truly: by your patience,
-If 'gainst yourself you be incensed, we'll put you,
-Like one that means his proper harm, in manacles,
-Then reason safely with you. Therefore, be it known,
-As to us, to all the world, that Caius Marcius
-Wears this war's garland: in token of the which,
-My noble steed, known to the camp, I give him,
-With all his trim belonging; and from this time,
-For what he did before Corioli, call him,
-With all the applause and clamour of the host,
-CAIUS MARCIUS CORIOLANUS! Bear
-The addition nobly ever!
-
-All:
-Caius Marcius Coriolanus!
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-I will go wash;
-And when my face is fair, you shall perceive
-Whether I blush or no: howbeit, I thank you.
-I mean to stride your steed, and at all times
-To undercrest your good addition
-To the fairness of my power.
-
-COMINIUS:
-So, to our tent;
-Where, ere we do repose us, we will write
-To Rome of our success. You, Titus Lartius,
-Must to Corioli back: send us to Rome
-The best, with whom we may articulate,
-For their own good and ours.
-
-LARTIUS:
-I shall, my lord.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-The gods begin to mock me. I, that now
-Refused most princely gifts, am bound to beg
-Of my lord general.
-
-COMINIUS:
-Take't; 'tis yours. What is't?
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-I sometime lay here in Corioli
-At a poor man's house; he used me kindly:
-He cried to me; I saw him prisoner;
-But then Aufidius was within my view,
-And wrath o'erwhelm'd my pity: I request you
-To give my poor host freedom.
-
-COMINIUS:
-O, well begg'd!
-Were he the butcher of my son, he should
-Be free as is the wind. Deliver him, Titus.
-
-LARTIUS:
-Marcius, his name?
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-By Jupiter! forgot.
-I am weary; yea, my memory is tired.
-Have we no wine here?
-
-COMINIUS:
-Go we to our tent:
-The blood upon your visage dries; 'tis time
-It should be look'd to: come.
-
-AUFIDIUS:
-The town is ta'en!
-
-First Soldier:
-'Twill be deliver'd back on good condition.
-
-AUFIDIUS:
-Condition!
-I would I were a Roman; for I cannot,
-Being a Volsce, be that I am. Condition!
-What good condition can a treaty find
-I' the part that is at mercy? Five times, Marcius,
-I have fought with thee: so often hast thou beat me,
-And wouldst do so, I think, should we encounter
-As often as we eat. By the elements,
-If e'er again I meet him beard to beard,
-He's mine, or I am his: mine emulation
-Hath not that honour in't it had; for where
-I thought to crush him in an equal force,
-True sword to sword, I'll potch at him some way
-Or wrath or craft may get him.
-
-First Soldier:
-He's the devil.
-
-AUFIDIUS:
-Bolder, though not so subtle. My valour's poison'd
-With only suffering stain by him; for him
-Shall fly out of itself: nor sleep nor sanctuary,
-Being naked, sick, nor fane nor Capitol,
-The prayers of priests nor times of sacrifice,
-Embarquements all of fury, shall lift up
-Their rotten privilege and custom 'gainst
-My hate to Marcius: where I find him, were it
-At home, upon my brother's guard, even there,
-Against the hospitable canon, would I
-Wash my fierce hand in's heart. Go you to the city;
-Learn how 'tis held; and what they are that must
-Be hostages for Rome.
-
-First Soldier:
-Will not you go?
-
-AUFIDIUS:
-I am attended at the cypress grove: I pray you--
-'Tis south the city mills--bring me word thither
-How the world goes, that to the pace of it
-I may spur on my journey.
-
-First Soldier:
-I shall, sir.
-
-MENENIUS:
-The augurer tells me we shall have news to-night.
-
-BRUTUS:
-Good or bad?
-
-MENENIUS:
-Not according to the prayer of the people, for they
-love not Marcius.
-
-SICINIUS:
-Nature teaches beasts to know their friends.
-
-MENENIUS:
-Pray you, who does the wolf love?
-
-SICINIUS:
-The lamb.
-
-MENENIUS:
-Ay, to devour him; as the hungry plebeians would the
-noble Marcius.
-
-BRUTUS:
-He's a lamb indeed, that baes like a bear.
-
-MENENIUS:
-He's a bear indeed, that lives like a lamb. You two
-are old men: tell me one thing that I shall ask you.
-
-Both:
-Well, sir.
-
-MENENIUS:
-In what enormity is Marcius poor in, that you two
-have not in abundance?
-
-BRUTUS:
-He's poor in no one fault, but stored with all.
-
-SICINIUS:
-Especially in pride.
-
-BRUTUS:
-And topping all others in boasting.
-
-MENENIUS:
-This is strange now: do you two know how you are
-censured here in the city, I mean of us o' the
-right-hand file? do you?
-
-Both:
-Why, how are we censured?
-
-MENENIUS:
-Because you talk of pride now,--will you not be angry?
-
-Both:
-Well, well, sir, well.
-
-MENENIUS:
-Why, 'tis no great matter; for a very little thief of
-occasion will rob you of a great deal of patience:
-give your dispositions the reins, and be angry at
-your pleasures; at the least if you take it as a
-pleasure to you in being so. You blame Marcius for
-being proud?
-
-BRUTUS:
-We do it not alone, sir.
-
-MENENIUS:
-I know you can do very little alone; for your helps
-are many, or else your actions would grow wondrous
-single: your abilities are too infant-like for
-doing much alone. You talk of pride: O that you
-could turn your eyes toward the napes of your necks,
-and make but an interior survey of your good selves!
-O that you could!
-
-BRUTUS:
-What then, sir?
-
-MENENIUS:
-Why, then you should discover a brace of unmeriting,
-proud, violent, testy magistrates, alias fools, as
-any in Rome.
-
-SICINIUS:
-Menenius, you are known well enough too.
-
-MENENIUS:
-I am known to be a humorous patrician, and one that
-loves a cup of hot wine with not a drop of allaying
-Tiber in't; said to be something imperfect in
-favouring the first complaint; hasty and tinder-like
-upon too trivial motion; one that converses more
-with the buttock of the night than with the forehead
-of the morning: what I think I utter, and spend my
-malice in my breath. Meeting two such wealsmen as
-you are--I cannot call you Lycurguses--if the drink
-you give me touch my palate adversely, I make a
-crooked face at it. I can't say your worships have
-delivered the matter well, when I find the ass in
-compound with the major part of your syllables: and
-though I must be content to bear with those that say
-you are reverend grave men, yet they lie deadly that
-tell you you have good faces. If you see this in
-the map of my microcosm, follows it that I am known
-well enough too? what barm can your bisson
-conspectuities glean out of this character, if I be
-known well enough too?
-
-BRUTUS:
-Come, sir, come, we know you well enough.
-
-MENENIUS:
-You know neither me, yourselves nor any thing. You
-are ambitious for poor knaves' caps and legs: you
-wear out a good wholesome forenoon in hearing a
-cause between an orange wife and a fosset-seller;
-and then rejourn the controversy of three pence to a
-second day of audience. When you are hearing a
-matter between party and party, if you chance to be
-pinched with the colic, you make faces like
-mummers; set up the bloody flag against all
-patience; and, in roaring for a chamber-pot,
-dismiss the controversy bleeding the more entangled
-by your hearing: all the peace you make in their
-cause is, calling both the parties knaves. You are
-a pair of strange ones.
-
-BRUTUS:
-Come, come, you are well understood to be a
-perfecter giber for the table than a necessary
-bencher in the Capitol.
-
-MENENIUS:
-Our very priests must become mockers, if they shall
-encounter such ridiculous subjects as you are. When
-you speak best unto the purpose, it is not worth the
-wagging of your beards; and your beards deserve not
-so honourable a grave as to stuff a botcher's
-cushion, or to be entombed in an ass's pack-
-saddle. Yet you must be saying, Marcius is proud;
-who in a cheap estimation, is worth predecessors
-since Deucalion, though peradventure some of the
-best of 'em were hereditary hangmen. God-den to
-your worships: more of your conversation would
-infect my brain, being the herdsmen of the beastly
-plebeians: I will be bold to take my leave of you.
-How now, my as fair as noble ladies,--and the moon,
-were she earthly, no nobler,--whither do you follow
-your eyes so fast?
-
-VOLUMNIA:
-Honourable Menenius, my boy Marcius approaches; for
-the love of Juno, let's go.
-
-MENENIUS:
-Ha! Marcius coming home!
-
-VOLUMNIA:
-Ay, worthy Menenius; and with most prosperous
-approbation.
-
-MENENIUS:
-Take my cap, Jupiter, and I thank thee. Hoo!
-Marcius coming home!
-
-VOLUMNIA:
-Nay,'tis true.
-
-VOLUMNIA:
-Look, here's a letter from him: the state hath
-another, his wife another; and, I think, there's one
-at home for you.
-
-MENENIUS:
-I will make my very house reel tonight: a letter for
-me!
-
-VIRGILIA:
-Yes, certain, there's a letter for you; I saw't.
-
-MENENIUS:
-A letter for me! it gives me an estate of seven
-years' health; in which time I will make a lip at
-the physician: the most sovereign prescription in
-Galen is but empiricutic, and, to this preservative,
-of no better report than a horse-drench. Is he
-not wounded? he was wont to come home wounded.
-
-VIRGILIA:
-O, no, no, no.
-
-VOLUMNIA:
-O, he is wounded; I thank the gods for't.
-
-MENENIUS:
-So do I too, if it be not too much: brings a'
-victory in his pocket? the wounds become him.
-
-VOLUMNIA:
-On's brows: Menenius, he comes the third time home
-with the oaken garland.
-
-MENENIUS:
-Has he disciplined Aufidius soundly?
-
-VOLUMNIA:
-Titus Lartius writes, they fought together, but
-Aufidius got off.
-
-MENENIUS:
-And 'twas time for him too, I'll warrant him that:
-an he had stayed by him, I would not have been so
-fidiused for all the chests in Corioli, and the gold
-that's in them. Is the senate possessed of this?
-
-VOLUMNIA:
-Good ladies, let's go. Yes, yes, yes; the senate
-has letters from the general, wherein he gives my
-son the whole name of the war: he hath in this
-action outdone his former deeds doubly
-
-VALERIA:
-In troth, there's wondrous things spoke of him.
-
-MENENIUS:
-Wondrous! ay, I warrant you, and not without his
-true purchasing.
-
-VIRGILIA:
-The gods grant them true!
-
-VOLUMNIA:
-True! pow, wow.
-
-MENENIUS:
-True! I'll be sworn they are true.
-Where is he wounded?
-God save your good worships! Marcius is coming
-home: he has more cause to be proud. Where is he wounded?
-
-VOLUMNIA:
-I' the shoulder and i' the left arm there will be
-large cicatrices to show the people, when he shall
-stand for his place. He received in the repulse of
-Tarquin seven hurts i' the body.
-
-MENENIUS:
-One i' the neck, and two i' the thigh,--there's
-nine that I know.
-
-VOLUMNIA:
-He had, before this last expedition, twenty-five
-wounds upon him.
-
-MENENIUS:
-Now it's twenty-seven: every gash was an enemy's grave.
-Hark! the trumpets.
-
-VOLUMNIA:
-These are the ushers of Marcius: before him he
-carries noise, and behind him he leaves tears:
-Death, that dark spirit, in 's nervy arm doth lie;
-Which, being advanced, declines, and then men die.
-
-Herald:
-Know, Rome, that all alone Marcius did fight
-Within Corioli gates: where he hath won,
-With fame, a name to Caius Marcius; these
-In honour follows Coriolanus.
-Welcome to Rome, renowned Coriolanus!
-
-All:
-Welcome to Rome, renowned Coriolanus!
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-No more of this; it does offend my heart:
-Pray now, no more.
-
-COMINIUS:
-Look, sir, your mother!
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-O,
-You have, I know, petition'd all the gods
-For my prosperity!
-
-VOLUMNIA:
-Nay, my good soldier, up;
-My gentle Marcius, worthy Caius, and
-By deed-achieving honour newly named,--
-What is it?--Coriolanus must I call thee?--
-But O, thy wife!
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-My gracious silence, hail!
-Wouldst thou have laugh'd had I come coffin'd home,
-That weep'st to see me triumph? Ay, my dear,
-Such eyes the widows in Corioli wear,
-And mothers that lack sons.
-
-MENENIUS:
-Now, the gods crown thee!
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-And live you yet?
-O my sweet lady, pardon.
-
-VOLUMNIA:
-I know not where to turn: O, welcome home:
-And welcome, general: and ye're welcome all.
-
-MENENIUS:
-A hundred thousand welcomes. I could weep
-And I could laugh, I am light and heavy. Welcome.
-A curse begin at very root on's heart,
-That is not glad to see thee! You are three
-That Rome should dote on: yet, by the faith of men,
-We have some old crab-trees here
-at home that will not
-Be grafted to your relish. Yet welcome, warriors:
-We call a nettle but a nettle and
-The faults of fools but folly.
-
-COMINIUS:
-Ever right.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Menenius ever, ever.
-
-Herald:
-Give way there, and go on!
-
-VOLUMNIA:
-I have lived
-To see inherited my very wishes
-And the buildings of my fancy: only
-There's one thing wanting, which I doubt not but
-Our Rome will cast upon thee.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Know, good mother,
-I had rather be their servant in my way,
-Than sway with them in theirs.
-
-COMINIUS:
-On, to the Capitol!
-
-BRUTUS:
-All tongues speak of him, and the bleared sights
-Are spectacled to see him: your prattling nurse
-Into a rapture lets her baby cry
-While she chats him: the kitchen malkin pins
-Her richest lockram 'bout her reechy neck,
-Clambering the walls to eye him: stalls, bulks, windows,
-Are smother'd up, leads fill'd, and ridges horsed
-With variable complexions, all agreeing
-In earnestness to see him: seld-shown flamens
-Do press among the popular throngs and puff
-To win a vulgar station: or veil'd dames
-Commit the war of white and damask in
-Their nicely-gawded cheeks to the wanton spoil
-Of Phoebus' burning kisses: such a pother
-As if that whatsoever god who leads him
-Were slily crept into his human powers
-And gave him graceful posture.
-
-SICINIUS:
-On the sudden,
-I warrant him consul.
-
-BRUTUS:
-Then our office may,
-During his power, go sleep.
-
-SICINIUS:
-He cannot temperately transport his honours
-From where he should begin and end, but will
-Lose those he hath won.
-
-BRUTUS:
-In that there's comfort.
-
-SICINIUS:
-Doubt not
-The commoners, for whom we stand, but they
-Upon their ancient malice will forget
-With the least cause these his new honours, which
-That he will give them make I as little question
-As he is proud to do't.
-
-BRUTUS:
-I heard him swear,
-Were he to stand for consul, never would he
-Appear i' the market-place nor on him put
-The napless vesture of humility;
-Nor showing, as the manner is, his wounds
-To the people, beg their stinking breaths.
-
-SICINIUS:
-'Tis right.
-
-BRUTUS:
-It was his word: O, he would miss it rather
-Than carry it but by the suit of the gentry to him,
-And the desire of the nobles.
-
-SICINIUS:
-I wish no better
-Than have him hold that purpose and to put it
-In execution.
-
-BRUTUS:
-'Tis most like he will.
-
-SICINIUS:
-It shall be to him then as our good wills,
-A sure destruction.
-
-BRUTUS:
-So it must fall out
-To him or our authorities. For an end,
-We must suggest the people in what hatred
-He still hath held them; that to's power he would
-Have made them mules, silenced their pleaders and
-Dispropertied their freedoms, holding them,
-In human action and capacity,
-Of no more soul nor fitness for the world
-Than camels in the war, who have their provand
-Only for bearing burdens, and sore blows
-For sinking under them.
-
-SICINIUS:
-This, as you say, suggested
-At some time when his soaring insolence
-Shall touch the people--which time shall not want,
-If he be put upon 't; and that's as easy
-As to set dogs on sheep--will be his fire
-To kindle their dry stubble; and their blaze
-Shall darken him for ever.
-
-BRUTUS:
-What's the matter?
-
-Messenger:
-You are sent for to the Capitol. 'Tis thought
-That Marcius shall be consul:
-I have seen the dumb men throng to see him and
-The blind to bear him speak: matrons flung gloves,
-Ladies and maids their scarfs and handkerchers,
-Upon him as he pass'd: the nobles bended,
-As to Jove's statue, and the commons made
-A shower and thunder with their caps and shouts:
-I never saw the like.
-
-BRUTUS:
-Let's to the Capitol;
-And carry with us ears and eyes for the time,
-But hearts for the event.
-
-SICINIUS:
-Have with you.
-
-First Officer:
-Come, come, they are almost here. How many stand
-for consulships?
-
-Second Officer:
-Three, they say: but 'tis thought of every one
-Coriolanus will carry it.
-
-First Officer:
-That's a brave fellow; but he's vengeance proud, and
-loves not the common people.
-
-Second Officer:
-Faith, there had been many great men that have
-flattered the people, who ne'er loved them; and there
-be many that they have loved, they know not
-wherefore: so that, if they love they know not why,
-they hate upon no better a ground: therefore, for
-Coriolanus neither to care whether they love or hate
-him manifests the true knowledge he has in their
-disposition; and out of his noble carelessness lets
-them plainly see't.
-
-First Officer:
-If he did not care whether he had their love or no,
-he waved indifferently 'twixt doing them neither
-good nor harm: but he seeks their hate with greater
-devotion than can render it him; and leaves
-nothing undone that may fully discover him their
-opposite. Now, to seem to affect the malice and
-displeasure of the people is as bad as that which he
-dislikes, to flatter them for their love.
-
-Second Officer:
-He hath deserved worthily of his country: and his
-ascent is not by such easy degrees as those who,
-having been supple and courteous to the people,
-bonneted, without any further deed to have them at
-an into their estimation and report: but he hath so
-planted his honours in their eyes, and his actions
-in their hearts, that for their tongues to be
-silent, and not confess so much, were a kind of
-ingrateful injury; to report otherwise, were a
-malice, that, giving itself the lie, would pluck
-reproof and rebuke from every ear that heard it.
-
-First Officer:
-No more of him; he is a worthy man: make way, they
-are coming.
-
-MENENIUS:
-Having determined of the Volsces and
-To send for Titus Lartius, it remains,
-As the main point of this our after-meeting,
-To gratify his noble service that
-Hath thus stood for his country: therefore,
-please you,
-Most reverend and grave elders, to desire
-The present consul, and last general
-In our well-found successes, to report
-A little of that worthy work perform'd
-By Caius Marcius Coriolanus, whom
-We met here both to thank and to remember
-With honours like himself.
-
-First Senator:
-Speak, good Cominius:
-Leave nothing out for length, and make us think
-Rather our state's defective for requital
-Than we to stretch it out.
-Masters o' the people,
-We do request your kindest ears, and after,
-Your loving motion toward the common body,
-To yield what passes here.
-
-SICINIUS:
-We are convented
-Upon a pleasing treaty, and have hearts
-Inclinable to honour and advance
-The theme of our assembly.
-
-BRUTUS:
-Which the rather
-We shall be blest to do, if he remember
-A kinder value of the people than
-He hath hereto prized them at.
-
-MENENIUS:
-That's off, that's off;
-I would you rather had been silent. Please you
-To hear Cominius speak?
-
-BRUTUS:
-Most willingly;
-But yet my caution was more pertinent
-Than the rebuke you give it.
-
-MENENIUS:
-He loves your people
-But tie him not to be their bedfellow.
-Worthy Cominius, speak.
-Nay, keep your place.
-
-First Senator:
-Sit, Coriolanus; never shame to hear
-What you have nobly done.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Your horror's pardon:
-I had rather have my wounds to heal again
-Than hear say how I got them.
-
-BRUTUS:
-Sir, I hope
-My words disbench'd you not.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-No, sir: yet oft,
-When blows have made me stay, I fled from words.
-You soothed not, therefore hurt not: but
-your people,
-I love them as they weigh.
-
-MENENIUS:
-Pray now, sit down.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-I had rather have one scratch my head i' the sun
-When the alarum were struck than idly sit
-To hear my nothings monster'd.
-
-MENENIUS:
-Masters of the people,
-Your multiplying spawn how can he flatter--
-That's thousand to one good one--when you now see
-He had rather venture all his limbs for honour
-Than one on's ears to hear it? Proceed, Cominius.
-
-COMINIUS:
-I shall lack voice: the deeds of Coriolanus
-Should not be utter'd feebly. It is held
-That valour is the chiefest virtue, and
-Most dignifies the haver: if it be,
-The man I speak of cannot in the world
-Be singly counterpoised. At sixteen years,
-When Tarquin made a head for Rome, he fought
-Beyond the mark of others: our then dictator,
-Whom with all praise I point at, saw him fight,
-When with his Amazonian chin he drove
-The bristled lips before him: be bestrid
-An o'er-press'd Roman and i' the consul's view
-Slew three opposers: Tarquin's self he met,
-And struck him on his knee: in that day's feats,
-When he might act the woman in the scene,
-He proved best man i' the field, and for his meed
-Was brow-bound with the oak. His pupil age
-Man-enter'd thus, he waxed like a sea,
-And in the brunt of seventeen battles since
-He lurch'd all swords of the garland. For this last,
-Before and in Corioli, let me say,
-I cannot speak him home: he stopp'd the fliers;
-And by his rare example made the coward
-Turn terror into sport: as weeds before
-A vessel under sail, so men obey'd
-And fell below his stem: his sword, death's stamp,
-Where it did mark, it took; from face to foot
-He was a thing of blood, whose every motion
-Was timed with dying cries: alone he enter'd
-The mortal gate of the city, which he painted
-With shunless destiny; aidless came off,
-And with a sudden reinforcement struck
-Corioli like a planet: now all's his:
-When, by and by, the din of war gan pierce
-His ready sense; then straight his doubled spirit
-Re-quicken'd what in flesh was fatigate,
-And to the battle came he; where he did
-Run reeking o'er the lives of men, as if
-'Twere a perpetual spoil: and till we call'd
-Both field and city ours, he never stood
-To ease his breast with panting.
-
-MENENIUS:
-Worthy man!
-
-First Senator:
-He cannot but with measure fit the honours
-Which we devise him.
-
-COMINIUS:
-Our spoils he kick'd at,
-And look'd upon things precious as they were
-The common muck of the world: he covets less
-Than misery itself would give; rewards
-His deeds with doing them, and is content
-To spend the time to end it.
-
-MENENIUS:
-He's right noble:
-Let him be call'd for.
-
-First Senator:
-Call Coriolanus.
-
-Officer:
-He doth appear.
-
-MENENIUS:
-The senate, Coriolanus, are well pleased
-To make thee consul.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-I do owe them still
-My life and services.
-
-MENENIUS:
-It then remains
-That you do speak to the people.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-I do beseech you,
-Let me o'erleap that custom, for I cannot
-Put on the gown, stand naked and entreat them,
-For my wounds' sake, to give their suffrage: please you
-That I may pass this doing.
-
-SICINIUS:
-Sir, the people
-Must have their voices; neither will they bate
-One jot of ceremony.
-
-MENENIUS:
-Put them not to't:
-Pray you, go fit you to the custom and
-Take to you, as your predecessors have,
-Your honour with your form.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-It is apart
-That I shall blush in acting, and might well
-Be taken from the people.
-
-BRUTUS:
-Mark you that?
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-To brag unto them, thus I did, and thus;
-Show them the unaching scars which I should hide,
-As if I had received them for the hire
-Of their breath only!
-
-MENENIUS:
-Do not stand upon't.
-We recommend to you, tribunes of the people,
-Our purpose to them: and to our noble consul
-Wish we all joy and honour.
-
-Senators:
-To Coriolanus come all joy and honour!
-
-BRUTUS:
-You see how he intends to use the people.
-
-SICINIUS:
-May they perceive's intent! He will require them,
-As if he did contemn what he requested
-Should be in them to give.
-
-BRUTUS:
-Come, we'll inform them
-Of our proceedings here: on the marketplace,
-I know, they do attend us.
-
-First Citizen:
-Once, if he do require our voices, we ought not to deny him.
-
-Second Citizen:
-We may, sir, if we will.
-
-Third Citizen:
-We have power in ourselves to do it, but it is a
-power that we have no power to do; for if he show us
-his wounds and tell us his deeds, we are to put our
-tongues into those wounds and speak for them; so, if
-he tell us his noble deeds, we must also tell him
-our noble acceptance of them. Ingratitude is
-monstrous, and for the multitude to be ingrateful,
-were to make a monster of the multitude: of the
-which we being members, should bring ourselves to be
-monstrous members.
-
-First Citizen:
-And to make us no better thought of, a little help
-will serve; for once we stood up about the corn, he
-himself stuck not to call us the many-headed multitude.
-
-Third Citizen:
-We have been called so of many; not that our heads
-are some brown, some black, some auburn, some bald,
-but that our wits are so diversely coloured: and
-truly I think if all our wits were to issue out of
-one skull, they would fly east, west, north, south,
-and their consent of one direct way should be at
-once to all the points o' the compass.
-
-Second Citizen:
-Think you so? Which way do you judge my wit would
-fly?
-
-Third Citizen:
-Nay, your wit will not so soon out as another man's
-will;'tis strongly wedged up in a block-head, but
-if it were at liberty, 'twould, sure, southward.
-
-Second Citizen:
-Why that way?
-
-Third Citizen:
-To lose itself in a fog, where being three parts
-melted away with rotten dews, the fourth would return
-for conscience sake, to help to get thee a wife.
-
-Second Citizen:
-You are never without your tricks: you may, you may.
-
-Third Citizen:
-Are you all resolved to give your voices? But
-that's no matter, the greater part carries it. I
-say, if he would incline to the people, there was
-never a worthier man.
-Here he comes, and in the gown of humility: mark his
-behavior. We are not to stay all together, but to
-come by him where he stands, by ones, by twos, and
-by threes. He's to make his requests by
-particulars; wherein every one of us has a single
-honour, in giving him our own voices with our own
-tongues: therefore follow me, and I direct you how
-you shall go by him.
-
-All:
-Content, content.
-
-MENENIUS:
-O sir, you are not right: have you not known
-The worthiest men have done't?
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-What must I say?
-'I Pray, sir'--Plague upon't! I cannot bring
-My tongue to such a pace:--'Look, sir, my wounds!
-I got them in my country's service, when
-Some certain of your brethren roar'd and ran
-From the noise of our own drums.'
-
-MENENIUS:
-O me, the gods!
-You must not speak of that: you must desire them
-To think upon you.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Think upon me! hang 'em!
-I would they would forget me, like the virtues
-Which our divines lose by 'em.
-
-MENENIUS:
-You'll mar all:
-I'll leave you: pray you, speak to 'em, I pray you,
-In wholesome manner.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Bid them wash their faces
-And keep their teeth clean.
-So, here comes a brace.
-You know the cause, air, of my standing here.
-
-Third Citizen:
-We do, sir; tell us what hath brought you to't.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Mine own desert.
-
-Second Citizen:
-Your own desert!
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Ay, but not mine own desire.
-
-Third Citizen:
-How not your own desire?
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-No, sir,'twas never my desire yet to trouble the
-poor with begging.
-
-Third Citizen:
-You must think, if we give you any thing, we hope to
-gain by you.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Well then, I pray, your price o' the consulship?
-
-First Citizen:
-The price is to ask it kindly.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Kindly! Sir, I pray, let me ha't: I have wounds to
-show you, which shall be yours in private. Your
-good voice, sir; what say you?
-
-Second Citizen:
-You shall ha' it, worthy sir.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-A match, sir. There's in all two worthy voices
-begged. I have your alms: adieu.
-
-Third Citizen:
-But this is something odd.
-
-Second Citizen:
-An 'twere to give again,--but 'tis no matter.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Pray you now, if it may stand with the tune of your
-voices that I may be consul, I have here the
-customary gown.
-
-Fourth Citizen:
-You have deserved nobly of your country, and you
-have not deserved nobly.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Your enigma?
-
-Fourth Citizen:
-You have been a scourge to her enemies, you have
-been a rod to her friends; you have not indeed loved
-the common people.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-You should account me the more virtuous that I have
-not been common in my love. I will, sir, flatter my
-sworn brother, the people, to earn a dearer
-estimation of them; 'tis a condition they account
-gentle: and since the wisdom of their choice is
-rather to have my hat than my heart, I will practise
-the insinuating nod and be off to them most
-counterfeitly; that is, sir, I will counterfeit the
-bewitchment of some popular man and give it
-bountiful to the desirers. Therefore, beseech you,
-I may be consul.
-
-Fifth Citizen:
-We hope to find you our friend; and therefore give
-you our voices heartily.
-
-Fourth Citizen:
-You have received many wounds for your country.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-I will not seal your knowledge with showing them. I
-will make much of your voices, and so trouble you no further.
-
-Both Citizens:
-The gods give you joy, sir, heartily!
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Most sweet voices!
-Better it is to die, better to starve,
-Than crave the hire which first we do deserve.
-Why in this woolvish toge should I stand here,
-To beg of Hob and Dick, that do appear,
-Their needless vouches? Custom calls me to't:
-What custom wills, in all things should we do't,
-The dust on antique time would lie unswept,
-And mountainous error be too highly heapt
-For truth to o'er-peer. Rather than fool it so,
-Let the high office and the honour go
-To one that would do thus. I am half through;
-The one part suffer'd, the other will I do.
-Here come more voices.
-Your voices: for your voices I have fought;
-Watch'd for your voices; for Your voices bear
-Of wounds two dozen odd; battles thrice six
-I have seen and heard of; for your voices have
-Done many things, some less, some more your voices:
-Indeed I would be consul.
-
-Sixth Citizen:
-He has done nobly, and cannot go without any honest
-man's voice.
-
-Seventh Citizen:
-Therefore let him be consul: the gods give him joy,
-and make him good friend to the people!
-
-All Citizens:
-Amen, amen. God save thee, noble consul!
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Worthy voices!
-
-MENENIUS:
-You have stood your limitation; and the tribunes
-Endue you with the people's voice: remains
-That, in the official marks invested, you
-Anon do meet the senate.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Is this done?
-
-SICINIUS:
-The custom of request you have discharged:
-The people do admit you, and are summon'd
-To meet anon, upon your approbation.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Where? at the senate-house?
-
-SICINIUS:
-There, Coriolanus.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-May I change these garments?
-
-SICINIUS:
-You may, sir.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-That I'll straight do; and, knowing myself again,
-Repair to the senate-house.
-
-MENENIUS:
-I'll keep you company. Will you along?
-
-BRUTUS:
-We stay here for the people.
-
-SICINIUS:
-Fare you well.
-He has it now, and by his looks methink
-'Tis warm at 's heart.
-
-BRUTUS:
-With a proud heart he wore his humble weeds.
-will you dismiss the people?
-
-SICINIUS:
-How now, my masters! have you chose this man?
-
-First Citizen:
-He has our voices, sir.
-
-BRUTUS:
-We pray the gods he may deserve your loves.
-
-Second Citizen:
-Amen, sir: to my poor unworthy notice,
-He mock'd us when he begg'd our voices.
-
-Third Citizen:
-Certainly
-He flouted us downright.
-
-First Citizen:
-No,'tis his kind of speech: he did not mock us.
-
-Second Citizen:
-Not one amongst us, save yourself, but says
-He used us scornfully: he should have show'd us
-His marks of merit, wounds received for's country.
-
-SICINIUS:
-Why, so he did, I am sure.
-
-Citizens:
-No, no; no man saw 'em.
-
-Third Citizen:
-He said he had wounds, which he could show
-in private;
-And with his hat, thus waving it in scorn,
-'I would be consul,' says he: 'aged custom,
-But by your voices, will not so permit me;
-Your voices therefore.' When we granted that,
-Here was 'I thank you for your voices: thank you:
-Your most sweet voices: now you have left
-your voices,
-I have no further with you.' Was not this mockery?
-
-SICINIUS:
-Why either were you ignorant to see't,
-Or, seeing it, of such childish friendliness
-To yield your voices?
-
-BRUTUS:
-Could you not have told him
-As you were lesson'd, when he had no power,
-But was a petty servant to the state,
-He was your enemy, ever spake against
-Your liberties and the charters that you bear
-I' the body of the weal; and now, arriving
-A place of potency and sway o' the state,
-If he should still malignantly remain
-Fast foe to the plebeii, your voices might
-Be curses to yourselves? You should have said
-That as his worthy deeds did claim no less
-Than what he stood for, so his gracious nature
-Would think upon you for your voices and
-Translate his malice towards you into love,
-Standing your friendly lord.
-
-SICINIUS:
-Thus to have said,
-As you were fore-advised, had touch'd his spirit
-And tried his inclination; from him pluck'd
-Either his gracious promise, which you might,
-As cause had call'd you up, have held him to
-Or else it would have gall'd his surly nature,
-Which easily endures not article
-Tying him to aught; so putting him to rage,
-You should have ta'en the advantage of his choler
-And pass'd him unelected.
-
-BRUTUS:
-Did you perceive
-He did solicit you in free contempt
-When he did need your loves, and do you think
-That his contempt shall not be bruising to you,
-When he hath power to crush? Why, had your bodies
-No heart among you? or had you tongues to cry
-Against the rectorship of judgment?
-
-SICINIUS:
-Have you
-Ere now denied the asker? and now again
-Of him that did not ask, but mock, bestow
-Your sued-for tongues?
-
-Third Citizen:
-He's not confirm'd; we may deny him yet.
-
-Second Citizen:
-And will deny him:
-I'll have five hundred voices of that sound.
-
-First Citizen:
-I twice five hundred and their friends to piece 'em.
-
-BRUTUS:
-Get you hence instantly, and tell those friends,
-They have chose a consul that will from them take
-Their liberties; make them of no more voice
-Than dogs that are as often beat for barking
-As therefore kept to do so.
-
-SICINIUS:
-Let them assemble,
-And on a safer judgment all revoke
-Your ignorant election; enforce his pride,
-And his old hate unto you; besides, forget not
-With what contempt he wore the humble weed,
-How in his suit he scorn'd you; but your loves,
-Thinking upon his services, took from you
-The apprehension of his present portance,
-Which most gibingly, ungravely, he did fashion
-After the inveterate hate he bears you.
-
-BRUTUS:
-Lay
-A fault on us, your tribunes; that we laboured,
-No impediment between, but that you must
-Cast your election on him.
-
-SICINIUS:
-Say, you chose him
-More after our commandment than as guided
-By your own true affections, and that your minds,
-Preoccupied with what you rather must do
-Than what you should, made you against the grain
-To voice him consul: lay the fault on us.
-
-BRUTUS:
-Ay, spare us not. Say we read lectures to you.
-How youngly he began to serve his country,
-How long continued, and what stock he springs of,
-The noble house o' the Marcians, from whence came
-That Ancus Marcius, Numa's daughter's son,
-Who, after great Hostilius, here was king;
-Of the same house Publius and Quintus were,
-That our beat water brought by conduits hither;
-And
-Twice being
-Was his great ancestor.
-
-SICINIUS:
-One thus descended,
-That hath beside well in his person wrought
-To be set high in place, we did commend
-To your remembrances: but you have found,
-Scaling his present bearing with his past,
-That he's your fixed enemy, and revoke
-Your sudden approbation.
-
-BRUTUS:
-Say, you ne'er had done't--
-Harp on that still--but by our putting on;
-And presently, when you have drawn your number,
-Repair to the Capitol.
-
-All:
-We will so: almost all
-Repent in their election.
-
-BRUTUS:
-Let them go on;
-This mutiny were better put in hazard,
-Than stay, past doubt, for greater:
-If, as his nature is, he fall in rage
-With their refusal, both observe and answer
-The vantage of his anger.
-
-SICINIUS:
-To the Capitol, come:
-We will be there before the stream o' the people;
-And this shall seem, as partly 'tis, their own,
-Which we have goaded onward.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Tullus Aufidius then had made new head?
-
-LARTIUS:
-He had, my lord; and that it was which caused
-Our swifter composition.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-So then the Volsces stand but as at first,
-Ready, when time shall prompt them, to make road.
-Upon's again.
-
-COMINIUS:
-They are worn, lord consul, so,
-That we shall hardly in our ages see
-Their banners wave again.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Saw you Aufidius?
-
-LARTIUS:
-On safe-guard he came to me; and did curse
-Against the Volsces, for they had so vilely
-Yielded the town: he is retired to Antium.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Spoke he of me?
-
-LARTIUS:
-He did, my lord.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-How? what?
-
-LARTIUS:
-How often he had met you, sword to sword;
-That of all things upon the earth he hated
-Your person most, that he would pawn his fortunes
-To hopeless restitution, so he might
-Be call'd your vanquisher.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-At Antium lives he?
-
-LARTIUS:
-At Antium.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-I wish I had a cause to seek him there,
-To oppose his hatred fully. Welcome home.
-Behold, these are the tribunes of the people,
-The tongues o' the common mouth: I do despise them;
-For they do prank them in authority,
-Against all noble sufferance.
-
-SICINIUS:
-Pass no further.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Ha! what is that?
-
-BRUTUS:
-It will be dangerous to go on: no further.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-What makes this change?
-
-MENENIUS:
-The matter?
-
-COMINIUS:
-Hath he not pass'd the noble and the common?
-
-BRUTUS:
-Cominius, no.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Have I had children's voices?
-
-First Senator:
-Tribunes, give way; he shall to the market-place.
-
-BRUTUS:
-The people are incensed against him.
-
-SICINIUS:
-Stop,
-Or all will fall in broil.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Are these your herd?
-Must these have voices, that can yield them now
-And straight disclaim their tongues? What are
-your offices?
-You being their mouths, why rule you not their teeth?
-Have you not set them on?
-
-MENENIUS:
-Be calm, be calm.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-It is a purposed thing, and grows by plot,
-To curb the will of the nobility:
-Suffer't, and live with such as cannot rule
-Nor ever will be ruled.
-
-BRUTUS:
-Call't not a plot:
-The people cry you mock'd them, and of late,
-When corn was given them gratis, you repined;
-Scandal'd the suppliants for the people, call'd them
-Time-pleasers, flatterers, foes to nobleness.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Why, this was known before.
-
-BRUTUS:
-Not to them all.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Have you inform'd them sithence?
-
-BRUTUS:
-How! I inform them!
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-You are like to do such business.
-
-BRUTUS:
-Not unlike,
-Each way, to better yours.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Why then should I be consul? By yond clouds,
-Let me deserve so ill as you, and make me
-Your fellow tribune.
-
-SICINIUS:
-You show too much of that
-For which the people stir: if you will pass
-To where you are bound, you must inquire your way,
-Which you are out of, with a gentler spirit,
-Or never be so noble as a consul,
-Nor yoke with him for tribune.
-
-MENENIUS:
-Let's be calm.
-
-COMINIUS:
-The people are abused; set on. This paltering
-Becomes not Rome, nor has Coriolanus
-Deserved this so dishonour'd rub, laid falsely
-I' the plain way of his merit.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Tell me of corn!
-This was my speech, and I will speak't again--
-
-MENENIUS:
-Not now, not now.
-
-First Senator:
-Not in this heat, sir, now.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Now, as I live, I will. My nobler friends,
-I crave their pardons:
-For the mutable, rank-scented many, let them
-Regard me as I do not flatter, and
-Therein behold themselves: I say again,
-In soothing them, we nourish 'gainst our senate
-The cockle of rebellion, insolence, sedition,
-Which we ourselves have plough'd for, sow'd,
-and scatter'd,
-By mingling them with us, the honour'd number,
-Who lack not virtue, no, nor power, but that
-Which they have given to beggars.
-
-MENENIUS:
-Well, no more.
-
-First Senator:
-No more words, we beseech you.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-How! no more!
-As for my country I have shed my blood,
-Not fearing outward force, so shall my lungs
-Coin words till their decay against those measles,
-Which we disdain should tatter us, yet sought
-The very way to catch them.
-
-BRUTUS:
-You speak o' the people,
-As if you were a god to punish, not
-A man of their infirmity.
-
-SICINIUS:
-'Twere well
-We let the people know't.
-
-MENENIUS:
-What, what? his choler?
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Choler!
-Were I as patient as the midnight sleep,
-By Jove, 'twould be my mind!
-
-SICINIUS:
-It is a mind
-That shall remain a poison where it is,
-Not poison any further.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Shall remain!
-Hear you this Triton of the minnows? mark you
-His absolute 'shall'?
-
-COMINIUS:
-'Twas from the canon.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-'Shall'!
-O good but most unwise patricians! why,
-You grave but reckless senators, have you thus
-Given Hydra here to choose an officer,
-That with his peremptory 'shall,' being but
-The horn and noise o' the monster's, wants not spirit
-To say he'll turn your current in a ditch,
-And make your channel his? If he have power
-Then vail your ignorance; if none, awake
-Your dangerous lenity. If you are learn'd,
-Be not as common fools; if you are not,
-Let them have cushions by you. You are plebeians,
-If they be senators: and they are no less,
-When, both your voices blended, the great'st taste
-Most palates theirs. They choose their magistrate,
-And such a one as he, who puts his 'shall,'
-His popular 'shall' against a graver bench
-Than ever frown in Greece. By Jove himself!
-It makes the consuls base: and my soul aches
-To know, when two authorities are up,
-Neither supreme, how soon confusion
-May enter 'twixt the gap of both and take
-The one by the other.
-
-COMINIUS:
-Well, on to the market-place.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Whoever gave that counsel, to give forth
-The corn o' the storehouse gratis, as 'twas used
-Sometime in Greece,--
-
-MENENIUS:
-Well, well, no more of that.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Though there the people had more absolute power,
-I say, they nourish'd disobedience, fed
-The ruin of the state.
-
-BRUTUS:
-Why, shall the people give
-One that speaks thus their voice?
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-I'll give my reasons,
-More worthier than their voices. They know the corn
-Was not our recompense, resting well assured
-That ne'er did service for't: being press'd to the war,
-Even when the navel of the state was touch'd,
-They would not thread the gates. This kind of service
-Did not deserve corn gratis. Being i' the war
-Their mutinies and revolts, wherein they show'd
-Most valour, spoke not for them: the accusation
-Which they have often made against the senate,
-All cause unborn, could never be the motive
-Of our so frank donation. Well, what then?
-How shall this bisson multitude digest
-The senate's courtesy? Let deeds express
-What's like to be their words: 'we did request it;
-We are the greater poll, and in true fear
-They gave us our demands.' Thus we debase
-The nature of our seats and make the rabble
-Call our cares fears; which will in time
-Break ope the locks o' the senate and bring in
-The crows to peck the eagles.
-
-MENENIUS:
-Come, enough.
-
-BRUTUS:
-Enough, with over-measure.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-No, take more:
-What may be sworn by, both divine and human,
-Seal what I end withal! This double worship,
-Where one part does disdain with cause, the other
-Insult without all reason, where gentry, title, wisdom,
-Cannot conclude but by the yea and no
-Of general ignorance,--it must omit
-Real necessities, and give way the while
-To unstable slightness: purpose so barr'd,
-it follows,
-Nothing is done to purpose. Therefore, beseech you,--
-You that will be less fearful than discreet,
-That love the fundamental part of state
-More than you doubt the change on't, that prefer
-A noble life before a long, and wish
-To jump a body with a dangerous physic
-That's sure of death without it, at once pluck out
-The multitudinous tongue; let them not lick
-The sweet which is their poison: your dishonour
-Mangles true judgment and bereaves the state
-Of that integrity which should become't,
-Not having the power to do the good it would,
-For the in which doth control't.
-
-BRUTUS:
-Has said enough.
-
-SICINIUS:
-Has spoken like a traitor, and shall answer
-As traitors do.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Thou wretch, despite o'erwhelm thee!
-What should the people do with these bald tribunes?
-On whom depending, their obedience fails
-To the greater bench: in a rebellion,
-When what's not meet, but what must be, was law,
-Then were they chosen: in a better hour,
-Let what is meet be said it must be meet,
-And throw their power i' the dust.
-
-BRUTUS:
-Manifest treason!
-
-SICINIUS:
-This a consul? no.
-
-BRUTUS:
-The aediles, ho!
-Let him be apprehended.
-
-SICINIUS:
-Go, call the people:
-in whose name myself
-Attach thee as a traitorous innovator,
-A foe to the public weal: obey, I charge thee,
-And follow to thine answer.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Hence, old goat!
-
-Senators, &C:
-We'll surety him.
-
-COMINIUS:
-Aged sir, hands off.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Hence, rotten thing! or I shall shake thy bones
-Out of thy garments.
-
-SICINIUS:
-Help, ye citizens!
-
-MENENIUS:
-On both sides more respect.
-
-SICINIUS:
-Here's he that would take from you all your power.
-
-BRUTUS:
-Seize him, AEdiles!
-
-Citizens:
-Down with him! down with him!
-
-Senators, &C:
-Weapons, weapons, weapons!
-'Tribunes!' 'Patricians!' 'Citizens!' 'What, ho!'
-'Sicinius!' 'Brutus!' 'Coriolanus!' 'Citizens!'
-'Peace, peace, peace!' 'Stay, hold, peace!'
-
-MENENIUS:
-What is about to be? I am out of breath;
-Confusion's near; I cannot speak. You, tribunes
-To the people! Coriolanus, patience!
-Speak, good Sicinius.
-
-SICINIUS:
-Hear me, people; peace!
-
-Citizens:
-Let's hear our tribune: peace Speak, speak, speak.
-
-SICINIUS:
-You are at point to lose your liberties:
-Marcius would have all from you; Marcius,
-Whom late you have named for consul.
-
-MENENIUS:
-Fie, fie, fie!
-This is the way to kindle, not to quench.
-
-First Senator:
-To unbuild the city and to lay all flat.
-
-SICINIUS:
-What is the city but the people?
-
-Citizens:
-True,
-The people are the city.
-
-BRUTUS:
-By the consent of all, we were establish'd
-The people's magistrates.
-
-Citizens:
-You so remain.
-
-MENENIUS:
-And so are like to do.
-
-COMINIUS:
-That is the way to lay the city flat;
-To bring the roof to the foundation,
-And bury all, which yet distinctly ranges,
-In heaps and piles of ruin.
-
-SICINIUS:
-This deserves death.
-
-BRUTUS:
-Or let us stand to our authority,
-Or let us lose it. We do here pronounce,
-Upon the part o' the people, in whose power
-We were elected theirs, Marcius is worthy
-Of present death.
-
-SICINIUS:
-Therefore lay hold of him;
-Bear him to the rock Tarpeian, and from thence
-Into destruction cast him.
-
-BRUTUS:
-AEdiles, seize him!
-
-Citizens:
-Yield, Marcius, yield!
-
-MENENIUS:
-Hear me one word;
-Beseech you, tribunes, hear me but a word.
-
-AEdile:
-Peace, peace!
-
-BRUTUS:
-Sir, those cold ways,
-That seem like prudent helps, are very poisonous
-Where the disease is violent. Lay hands upon him,
-And bear him to the rock.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-No, I'll die here.
-There's some among you have beheld me fighting:
-Come, try upon yourselves what you have seen me.
-
-MENENIUS:
-Down with that sword! Tribunes, withdraw awhile.
-
-BRUTUS:
-Lay hands upon him.
-
-COMINIUS:
-Help Marcius, help,
-You that be noble; help him, young and old!
-
-Citizens:
-Down with him, down with him!
-
-MENENIUS:
-Go, get you to your house; be gone, away!
-All will be naught else.
-
-Second Senator:
-Get you gone.
-
-COMINIUS:
-Stand fast;
-We have as many friends as enemies.
-
-MENENIUS:
-Sham it be put to that?
-
-First Senator:
-The gods forbid!
-I prithee, noble friend, home to thy house;
-Leave us to cure this cause.
-
-MENENIUS:
-For 'tis a sore upon us,
-You cannot tent yourself: be gone, beseech you.
-
-COMINIUS:
-Come, sir, along with us.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-I would they were barbarians--as they are,
-Though in Rome litter'd--not Romans--as they are not,
-Though calved i' the porch o' the Capitol--
-
-MENENIUS:
-Be gone;
-Put not your worthy rage into your tongue;
-One time will owe another.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-On fair ground
-I could beat forty of them.
-
-COMINIUS:
-I could myself
-Take up a brace o' the best of them; yea, the
-two tribunes:
-But now 'tis odds beyond arithmetic;
-And manhood is call'd foolery, when it stands
-Against a falling fabric. Will you hence,
-Before the tag return? whose rage doth rend
-Like interrupted waters and o'erbear
-What they are used to bear.
-
-MENENIUS:
-Pray you, be gone:
-I'll try whether my old wit be in request
-With those that have but little: this must be patch'd
-With cloth of any colour.
-
-COMINIUS:
-Nay, come away.
-
-A Patrician:
-This man has marr'd his fortune.
-
-MENENIUS:
-His nature is too noble for the world:
-He would not flatter Neptune for his trident,
-Or Jove for's power to thunder. His heart's his mouth:
-What his breast forges, that his tongue must vent;
-And, being angry, does forget that ever
-He heard the name of death.
-Here's goodly work!
-
-Second Patrician:
-I would they were abed!
-
-MENENIUS:
-I would they were in Tiber! What the vengeance!
-Could he not speak 'em fair?
-
-SICINIUS:
-Where is this viper
-That would depopulate the city and
-Be every man himself?
-
-MENENIUS:
-You worthy tribunes,--
-
-SICINIUS:
-He shall be thrown down the Tarpeian rock
-With rigorous hands: he hath resisted law,
-And therefore law shall scorn him further trial
-Than the severity of the public power
-Which he so sets at nought.
-
-First Citizen:
-He shall well know
-The noble tribunes are the people's mouths,
-And we their hands.
-
-Citizens:
-He shall, sure on't.
-
-MENENIUS:
-Sir, sir,--
-
-SICINIUS:
-Peace!
-
-MENENIUS:
-Do not cry havoc, where you should but hunt
-With modest warrant.
-
-SICINIUS:
-Sir, how comes't that you
-Have holp to make this rescue?
-
-MENENIUS:
-Hear me speak:
-As I do know the consul's worthiness,
-So can I name his faults,--
-
-SICINIUS:
-Consul! what consul?
-
-MENENIUS:
-The consul Coriolanus.
-
-BRUTUS:
-He consul!
-
-Citizens:
-No, no, no, no, no.
-
-MENENIUS:
-If, by the tribunes' leave, and yours, good people,
-I may be heard, I would crave a word or two;
-The which shall turn you to no further harm
-Than so much loss of time.
-
-SICINIUS:
-Speak briefly then;
-For we are peremptory to dispatch
-This viperous traitor: to eject him hence
-Were but one danger, and to keep him here
-Our certain death: therefore it is decreed
-He dies to-night.
-
-MENENIUS:
-Now the good gods forbid
-That our renowned Rome, whose gratitude
-Towards her deserved children is enroll'd
-In Jove's own book, like an unnatural dam
-Should now eat up her own!
-
-SICINIUS:
-He's a disease that must be cut away.
-
-MENENIUS:
-O, he's a limb that has but a disease;
-Mortal, to cut it off; to cure it, easy.
-What has he done to Rome that's worthy death?
-Killing our enemies, the blood he hath lost--
-Which, I dare vouch, is more than that he hath,
-By many an ounce--he dropp'd it for his country;
-And what is left, to lose it by his country,
-Were to us all, that do't and suffer it,
-A brand to the end o' the world.
-
-SICINIUS:
-This is clean kam.
-
-BRUTUS:
-Merely awry: when he did love his country,
-It honour'd him.
-
-MENENIUS:
-The service of the foot
-Being once gangrened, is not then respected
-For what before it was.
-
-BRUTUS:
-We'll hear no more.
-Pursue him to his house, and pluck him thence:
-Lest his infection, being of catching nature,
-Spread further.
-
-MENENIUS:
-One word more, one word.
-This tiger-footed rage, when it shall find
-The harm of unscann'd swiftness, will too late
-Tie leaden pounds to's heels. Proceed by process;
-Lest parties, as he is beloved, break out,
-And sack great Rome with Romans.
-
-BRUTUS:
-If it were so,--
-
-SICINIUS:
-What do ye talk?
-Have we not had a taste of his obedience?
-Our aediles smote? ourselves resisted? Come.
-
-MENENIUS:
-Consider this: he has been bred i' the wars
-Since he could draw a sword, and is ill school'd
-In bolted language; meal and bran together
-He throws without distinction. Give me leave,
-I'll go to him, and undertake to bring him
-Where he shall answer, by a lawful form,
-In peace, to his utmost peril.
-
-First Senator:
-Noble tribunes,
-It is the humane way: the other course
-Will prove too bloody, and the end of it
-Unknown to the beginning.
-
-SICINIUS:
-Noble Menenius,
-Be you then as the people's officer.
-Masters, lay down your weapons.
-
-BRUTUS:
-Go not home.
-
-SICINIUS:
-Meet on the market-place. We'll attend you there:
-Where, if you bring not Marcius, we'll proceed
-In our first way.
-
-MENENIUS:
-I'll bring him to you.
-Let me desire your company: he must come,
-Or what is worst will follow.
-
-First Senator:
-Pray you, let's to him.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Let them puff all about mine ears, present me
-Death on the wheel or at wild horses' heels,
-Or pile ten hills on the Tarpeian rock,
-That the precipitation might down stretch
-Below the beam of sight, yet will I still
-Be thus to them.
-
-A Patrician:
-You do the nobler.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-I muse my mother
-Does not approve me further, who was wont
-To call them woollen vassals, things created
-To buy and sell with groats, to show bare heads
-In congregations, to yawn, be still and wonder,
-When one but of my ordinance stood up
-To speak of peace or war.
-I talk of you:
-Why did you wish me milder? would you have me
-False to my nature? Rather say I play
-The man I am.
-
-VOLUMNIA:
-O, sir, sir, sir,
-I would have had you put your power well on,
-Before you had worn it out.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Let go.
-
-VOLUMNIA:
-You might have been enough the man you are,
-With striving less to be so; lesser had been
-The thwartings of your dispositions, if
-You had not show'd them how ye were disposed
-Ere they lack'd power to cross you.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Let them hang.
-
-A Patrician:
-Ay, and burn too.
-
-MENENIUS:
-Come, come, you have been too rough, something
-too rough;
-You must return and mend it.
-
-First Senator:
-There's no remedy;
-Unless, by not so doing, our good city
-Cleave in the midst, and perish.
-
-VOLUMNIA:
-Pray, be counsell'd:
-I have a heart as little apt as yours,
-But yet a brain that leads my use of anger
-To better vantage.
-
-MENENIUS:
-Well said, noble woman?
-Before he should thus stoop to the herd, but that
-The violent fit o' the time craves it as physic
-For the whole state, I would put mine armour on,
-Which I can scarcely bear.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-What must I do?
-
-MENENIUS:
-Return to the tribunes.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Well, what then? what then?
-
-MENENIUS:
-Repent what you have spoke.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-For them! I cannot do it to the gods;
-Must I then do't to them?
-
-VOLUMNIA:
-You are too absolute;
-Though therein you can never be too noble,
-But when extremities speak. I have heard you say,
-Honour and policy, like unsever'd friends,
-I' the war do grow together: grant that, and tell me,
-In peace what each of them by the other lose,
-That they combine not there.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Tush, tush!
-
-MENENIUS:
-A good demand.
-
-VOLUMNIA:
-If it be honour in your wars to seem
-The same you are not, which, for your best ends,
-You adopt your policy, how is it less or worse,
-That it shall hold companionship in peace
-With honour, as in war, since that to both
-It stands in like request?
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Why force you this?
-
-VOLUMNIA:
-Because that now it lies you on to speak
-To the people; not by your own instruction,
-Nor by the matter which your heart prompts you,
-But with such words that are but rooted in
-Your tongue, though but bastards and syllables
-Of no allowance to your bosom's truth.
-Now, this no more dishonours you at all
-Than to take in a town with gentle words,
-Which else would put you to your fortune and
-The hazard of much blood.
-I would dissemble with my nature where
-My fortunes and my friends at stake required
-I should do so in honour: I am in this,
-Your wife, your son, these senators, the nobles;
-And you will rather show our general louts
-How you can frown than spend a fawn upon 'em,
-For the inheritance of their loves and safeguard
-Of what that want might ruin.
-
-MENENIUS:
-Noble lady!
-Come, go with us; speak fair: you may salve so,
-Not what is dangerous present, but the loss
-Of what is past.
-
-VOLUMNIA:
-I prithee now, my son,
-Go to them, with this bonnet in thy hand;
-And thus far having stretch'd it--here be with them--
-Thy knee bussing the stones--for in such business
-Action is eloquence, and the eyes of the ignorant
-More learned than the ears--waving thy head,
-Which often, thus, correcting thy stout heart,
-Now humble as the ripest mulberry
-That will not hold the handling: or say to them,
-Thou art their soldier, and being bred in broils
-Hast not the soft way which, thou dost confess,
-Were fit for thee to use as they to claim,
-In asking their good loves, but thou wilt frame
-Thyself, forsooth, hereafter theirs, so far
-As thou hast power and person.
-
-MENENIUS:
-This but done,
-Even as she speaks, why, their hearts were yours;
-For they have pardons, being ask'd, as free
-As words to little purpose.
-
-VOLUMNIA:
-Prithee now,
-Go, and be ruled: although I know thou hadst rather
-Follow thine enemy in a fiery gulf
-Than flatter him in a bower. Here is Cominius.
-
-COMINIUS:
-I have been i' the market-place; and, sir,'tis fit
-You make strong party, or defend yourself
-By calmness or by absence: all's in anger.
-
-MENENIUS:
-Only fair speech.
-
-COMINIUS:
-I think 'twill serve, if he
-Can thereto frame his spirit.
-
-VOLUMNIA:
-He must, and will
-Prithee now, say you will, and go about it.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Must I go show them my unbarbed sconce?
-Must I with base tongue give my noble heart
-A lie that it must bear? Well, I will do't:
-Yet, were there but this single plot to lose,
-This mould of Marcius, they to dust should grind it
-And throw't against the wind. To the market-place!
-You have put me now to such a part which never
-I shall discharge to the life.
-
-COMINIUS:
-Come, come, we'll prompt you.
-
-VOLUMNIA:
-I prithee now, sweet son, as thou hast said
-My praises made thee first a soldier, so,
-To have my praise for this, perform a part
-Thou hast not done before.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Well, I must do't:
-Away, my disposition, and possess me
-Some harlot's spirit! my throat of war be turn'd,
-Which quired with my drum, into a pipe
-Small as an eunuch, or the virgin voice
-That babies lulls asleep! the smiles of knaves
-Tent in my cheeks, and schoolboys' tears take up
-The glasses of my sight! a beggar's tongue
-Make motion through my lips, and my arm'd knees,
-Who bow'd but in my stirrup, bend like his
-That hath received an alms! I will not do't,
-Lest I surcease to honour mine own truth
-And by my body's action teach my mind
-A most inherent baseness.
-
-VOLUMNIA:
-At thy choice, then:
-To beg of thee, it is my more dishonour
-Than thou of them. Come all to ruin; let
-Thy mother rather feel thy pride than fear
-Thy dangerous stoutness, for I mock at death
-With as big heart as thou. Do as thou list
-Thy valiantness was mine, thou suck'dst it from me,
-But owe thy pride thyself.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Pray, be content:
-Mother, I am going to the market-place;
-Chide me no more. I'll mountebank their loves,
-Cog their hearts from them, and come home beloved
-Of all the trades in Rome. Look, I am going:
-Commend me to my wife. I'll return consul;
-Or never trust to what my tongue can do
-I' the way of flattery further.
-
-VOLUMNIA:
-Do your will.
-
-COMINIUS:
-Away! the tribunes do attend you: arm yourself
-To answer mildly; for they are prepared
-With accusations, as I hear, more strong
-Than are upon you yet.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-The word is 'mildly.' Pray you, let us go:
-Let them accuse me by invention, I
-Will answer in mine honour.
-
-MENENIUS:
-Ay, but mildly.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Well, mildly be it then. Mildly!
-
-BRUTUS:
-In this point charge him home, that he affects
-Tyrannical power: if he evade us there,
-Enforce him with his envy to the people,
-And that the spoil got on the Antiates
-Was ne'er distributed.
-What, will he come?
-
-AEdile:
-He's coming.
-
-BRUTUS:
-How accompanied?
-
-AEdile:
-With old Menenius, and those senators
-That always favour'd him.
-
-SICINIUS:
-Have you a catalogue
-Of all the voices that we have procured
-Set down by the poll?
-
-AEdile:
-I have; 'tis ready.
-
-SICINIUS:
-Have you collected them by tribes?
-
-AEdile:
-I have.
-
-SICINIUS:
-Assemble presently the people hither;
-And when they bear me say 'It shall be so
-I' the right and strength o' the commons,' be it either
-For death, for fine, or banishment, then let them
-If I say fine, cry 'Fine;' if death, cry 'Death.'
-Insisting on the old prerogative
-And power i' the truth o' the cause.
-
-AEdile:
-I shall inform them.
-
-BRUTUS:
-And when such time they have begun to cry,
-Let them not cease, but with a din confused
-Enforce the present execution
-Of what we chance to sentence.
-
-AEdile:
-Very well.
-
-SICINIUS:
-Make them be strong and ready for this hint,
-When we shall hap to give 't them.
-
-BRUTUS:
-Go about it.
-Put him to choler straight: he hath been used
-Ever to conquer, and to have his worth
-Of contradiction: being once chafed, he cannot
-Be rein'd again to temperance; then he speaks
-What's in his heart; and that is there which looks
-With us to break his neck.
-
-SICINIUS:
-Well, here he comes.
-
-MENENIUS:
-Calmly, I do beseech you.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Ay, as an ostler, that for the poorest piece
-Will bear the knave by the volume. The honour'd gods
-Keep Rome in safety, and the chairs of justice
-Supplied with worthy men! plant love among 's!
-Throng our large temples with the shows of peace,
-And not our streets with war!
-
-First Senator:
-Amen, amen.
-
-MENENIUS:
-A noble wish.
-
-SICINIUS:
-Draw near, ye people.
-
-AEdile:
-List to your tribunes. Audience: peace, I say!
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-First, hear me speak.
-
-Both Tribunes:
-Well, say. Peace, ho!
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Shall I be charged no further than this present?
-Must all determine here?
-
-SICINIUS:
-I do demand,
-If you submit you to the people's voices,
-Allow their officers and are content
-To suffer lawful censure for such faults
-As shall be proved upon you?
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-I am content.
-
-MENENIUS:
-Lo, citizens, he says he is content:
-The warlike service he has done, consider; think
-Upon the wounds his body bears, which show
-Like graves i' the holy churchyard.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Scratches with briers,
-Scars to move laughter only.
-
-MENENIUS:
-Consider further,
-That when he speaks not like a citizen,
-You find him like a soldier: do not take
-His rougher accents for malicious sounds,
-But, as I say, such as become a soldier,
-Rather than envy you.
-
-COMINIUS:
-Well, well, no more.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-What is the matter
-That being pass'd for consul with full voice,
-I am so dishonour'd that the very hour
-You take it off again?
-
-SICINIUS:
-Answer to us.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Say, then: 'tis true, I ought so.
-
-SICINIUS:
-We charge you, that you have contrived to take
-From Rome all season'd office and to wind
-Yourself into a power tyrannical;
-For which you are a traitor to the people.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-How! traitor!
-
-MENENIUS:
-Nay, temperately; your promise.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-The fires i' the lowest hell fold-in the people!
-Call me their traitor! Thou injurious tribune!
-Within thine eyes sat twenty thousand deaths,
-In thy hand clutch'd as many millions, in
-Thy lying tongue both numbers, I would say
-'Thou liest' unto thee with a voice as free
-As I do pray the gods.
-
-SICINIUS:
-Mark you this, people?
-
-Citizens:
-To the rock, to the rock with him!
-
-SICINIUS:
-Peace!
-We need not put new matter to his charge:
-What you have seen him do and heard him speak,
-Beating your officers, cursing yourselves,
-Opposing laws with strokes and here defying
-Those whose great power must try him; even this,
-So criminal and in such capital kind,
-Deserves the extremest death.
-
-BRUTUS:
-But since he hath
-Served well for Rome,--
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-What do you prate of service?
-
-BRUTUS:
-I talk of that, that know it.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-You?
-
-MENENIUS:
-Is this the promise that you made your mother?
-
-COMINIUS:
-Know, I pray you,--
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-I know no further:
-Let them pronounce the steep Tarpeian death,
-Vagabond exile, raying, pent to linger
-But with a grain a day, I would not buy
-Their mercy at the price of one fair word;
-Nor cheque my courage for what they can give,
-To have't with saying 'Good morrow.'
-
-SICINIUS:
-For that he has,
-As much as in him lies, from time to time
-Envied against the people, seeking means
-To pluck away their power, as now at last
-Given hostile strokes, and that not in the presence
-Of dreaded justice, but on the ministers
-That do distribute it; in the name o' the people
-And in the power of us the tribunes, we,
-Even from this instant, banish him our city,
-In peril of precipitation
-From off the rock Tarpeian never more
-To enter our Rome gates: i' the people's name,
-I say it shall be so.
-
-Citizens:
-It shall be so, it shall be so; let him away:
-He's banish'd, and it shall be so.
-
-COMINIUS:
-Hear me, my masters, and my common friends,--
-
-SICINIUS:
-He's sentenced; no more hearing.
-
-COMINIUS:
-Let me speak:
-I have been consul, and can show for Rome
-Her enemies' marks upon me. I do love
-My country's good with a respect more tender,
-More holy and profound, than mine own life,
-My dear wife's estimate, her womb's increase,
-And treasure of my loins; then if I would
-Speak that,--
-
-SICINIUS:
-We know your drift: speak what?
-
-BRUTUS:
-There's no more to be said, but he is banish'd,
-As enemy to the people and his country:
-It shall be so.
-
-Citizens:
-It shall be so, it shall be so.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-You common cry of curs! whose breath I hate
-As reek o' the rotten fens, whose loves I prize
-As the dead carcasses of unburied men
-That do corrupt my air, I banish you;
-And here remain with your uncertainty!
-Let every feeble rumour shake your hearts!
-Your enemies, with nodding of their plumes,
-Fan you into despair! Have the power still
-To banish your defenders; till at length
-Your ignorance, which finds not till it feels,
-Making not reservation of yourselves,
-Still your own foes, deliver you as most
-Abated captives to some nation
-That won you without blows! Despising,
-For you, the city, thus I turn my back:
-There is a world elsewhere.
-
-AEdile:
-The people's enemy is gone, is gone!
-
-Citizens:
-Our enemy is banish'd! he is gone! Hoo! hoo!
-
-SICINIUS:
-Go, see him out at gates, and follow him,
-As he hath followed you, with all despite;
-Give him deserved vexation. Let a guard
-Attend us through the city.
-
-Citizens:
-Come, come; let's see him out at gates; come.
-The gods preserve our noble tribunes! Come.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Come, leave your tears: a brief farewell: the beast
-With many heads butts me away. Nay, mother,
-Where is your ancient courage? you were used
-To say extremity was the trier of spirits;
-That common chances common men could bear;
-That when the sea was calm all boats alike
-Show'd mastership in floating; fortune's blows,
-When most struck home, being gentle wounded, craves
-A noble cunning: you were used to load me
-With precepts that would make invincible
-The heart that conn'd them.
-
-VIRGILIA:
-O heavens! O heavens!
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Nay! prithee, woman,--
-
-VOLUMNIA:
-Now the red pestilence strike all trades in Rome,
-And occupations perish!
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-What, what, what!
-I shall be loved when I am lack'd. Nay, mother.
-Resume that spirit, when you were wont to say,
-If you had been the wife of Hercules,
-Six of his labours you'ld have done, and saved
-Your husband so much sweat. Cominius,
-Droop not; adieu. Farewell, my wife, my mother:
-I'll do well yet. Thou old and true Menenius,
-Thy tears are salter than a younger man's,
-And venomous to thine eyes. My sometime general,
-I have seen thee stem, and thou hast oft beheld
-Heart-hardening spectacles; tell these sad women
-'Tis fond to wail inevitable strokes,
-As 'tis to laugh at 'em. My mother, you wot well
-My hazards still have been your solace: and
-Believe't not lightly--though I go alone,
-Like to a lonely dragon, that his fen
-Makes fear'd and talk'd of more than seen--your son
-Will or exceed the common or be caught
-With cautelous baits and practise.
-
-VOLUMNIA:
-My first son.
-Whither wilt thou go? Take good Cominius
-With thee awhile: determine on some course,
-More than a wild exposture to each chance
-That starts i' the way before thee.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-O the gods!
-
-COMINIUS:
-I'll follow thee a month, devise with thee
-Where thou shalt rest, that thou mayst hear of us
-And we of thee: so if the time thrust forth
-A cause for thy repeal, we shall not send
-O'er the vast world to seek a single man,
-And lose advantage, which doth ever cool
-I' the absence of the needer.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Fare ye well:
-Thou hast years upon thee; and thou art too full
-Of the wars' surfeits, to go rove with one
-That's yet unbruised: bring me but out at gate.
-Come, my sweet wife, my dearest mother, and
-My friends of noble touch, when I am forth,
-Bid me farewell, and smile. I pray you, come.
-While I remain above the ground, you shall
-Hear from me still, and never of me aught
-But what is like me formerly.
-
-MENENIUS:
-That's worthily
-As any ear can hear. Come, let's not weep.
-If I could shake off but one seven years
-From these old arms and legs, by the good gods,
-I'ld with thee every foot.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Give me thy hand: Come.
-
-SICINIUS:
-Bid them all home; he's gone, and we'll no further.
-The nobility are vex'd, whom we see have sided
-In his behalf.
-
-BRUTUS:
-Now we have shown our power,
-Let us seem humbler after it is done
-Than when it was a-doing.
-
-SICINIUS:
-Bid them home:
-Say their great enemy is gone, and they
-Stand in their ancient strength.
-
-BRUTUS:
-Dismiss them home.
-Here comes his mother.
-
-SICINIUS:
-Let's not meet her.
-
-BRUTUS:
-Why?
-
-SICINIUS:
-They say she's mad.
-
-BRUTUS:
-They have ta'en note of us: keep on your way.
-
-VOLUMNIA:
-O, ye're well met: the hoarded plague o' the gods
-Requite your love!
-
-MENENIUS:
-Peace, peace; be not so loud.
-
-VOLUMNIA:
-If that I could for weeping, you should hear,--
-Nay, and you shall hear some.
-Will you be gone?
-
-SICINIUS:
-Are you mankind?
-
-VOLUMNIA:
-Ay, fool; is that a shame? Note but this fool.
-Was not a man my father? Hadst thou foxship
-To banish him that struck more blows for Rome
-Than thou hast spoken words?
-
-SICINIUS:
-O blessed heavens!
-
-VOLUMNIA:
-More noble blows than ever thou wise words;
-And for Rome's good. I'll tell thee what; yet go:
-Nay, but thou shalt stay too: I would my son
-Were in Arabia, and thy tribe before him,
-His good sword in his hand.
-
-SICINIUS:
-What then?
-
-VIRGILIA:
-What then!
-He'ld make an end of thy posterity.
-
-VOLUMNIA:
-Bastards and all.
-Good man, the wounds that he does bear for Rome!
-
-MENENIUS:
-Come, come, peace.
-
-SICINIUS:
-I would he had continued to his country
-As he began, and not unknit himself
-The noble knot he made.
-
-BRUTUS:
-I would he had.
-
-VOLUMNIA:
-'I would he had'! 'Twas you incensed the rabble:
-Cats, that can judge as fitly of his worth
-As I can of those mysteries which heaven
-Will not have earth to know.
-
-BRUTUS:
-Pray, let us go.
-
-VOLUMNIA:
-Now, pray, sir, get you gone:
-You have done a brave deed. Ere you go, hear this:--
-As far as doth the Capitol exceed
-The meanest house in Rome, so far my son--
-This lady's husband here, this, do you see--
-Whom you have banish'd, does exceed you all.
-
-BRUTUS:
-Well, well, we'll leave you.
-
-SICINIUS:
-Why stay we to be baited
-With one that wants her wits?
-
-VOLUMNIA:
-Take my prayers with you.
-I would the gods had nothing else to do
-But to confirm my curses! Could I meet 'em
-But once a-day, it would unclog my heart
-Of what lies heavy to't.
-
-MENENIUS:
-You have told them home;
-And, by my troth, you have cause. You'll sup with me?
-
-VOLUMNIA:
-Anger's my meat; I sup upon myself,
-And so shall starve with feeding. Come, let's go:
-Leave this faint puling and lament as I do,
-In anger, Juno-like. Come, come, come.
-
-MENENIUS:
-Fie, fie, fie!
-
-Roman:
-I know you well, sir, and you know
-me: your name, I think, is Adrian.
-
-Volsce:
-It is so, sir: truly, I have forgot you.
-
-Roman:
-I am a Roman; and my services are,
-as you are, against 'em: know you me yet?
-
-Volsce:
-Nicanor? no.
-
-Roman:
-The same, sir.
-
-Volsce:
-You had more beard when I last saw you; but your
-favour is well approved by your tongue. What's the
-news in Rome? I have a note from the Volscian state,
-to find you out there: you have well saved me a
-day's journey.
-
-Roman:
-There hath been in Rome strange insurrections; the
-people against the senators, patricians, and nobles.
-
-Volsce:
-Hath been! is it ended, then? Our state thinks not
-so: they are in a most warlike preparation, and
-hope to come upon them in the heat of their division.
-
-Roman:
-The main blaze of it is past, but a small thing
-would make it flame again: for the nobles receive
-so to heart the banishment of that worthy
-Coriolanus, that they are in a ripe aptness to take
-all power from the people and to pluck from them
-their tribunes for ever. This lies glowing, I can
-tell you, and is almost mature for the violent
-breaking out.
-
-Volsce:
-Coriolanus banished!
-
-Roman:
-Banished, sir.
-
-Volsce:
-You will be welcome with this intelligence, Nicanor.
-
-Roman:
-The day serves well for them now. I have heard it
-said, the fittest time to corrupt a man's wife is
-when she's fallen out with her husband. Your noble
-Tullus Aufidius will appear well in these wars, his
-great opposer, Coriolanus, being now in no request
-of his country.
-
-Volsce:
-He cannot choose. I am most fortunate, thus
-accidentally to encounter you: you have ended my
-business, and I will merrily accompany you home.
-
-Roman:
-I shall, between this and supper, tell you most
-strange things from Rome; all tending to the good of
-their adversaries. Have you an army ready, say you?
-
-Volsce:
-A most royal one; the centurions and their charges,
-distinctly billeted, already in the entertainment,
-and to be on foot at an hour's warning.
-
-Roman:
-I am joyful to hear of their readiness, and am the
-man, I think, that shall set them in present action.
-So, sir, heartily well met, and most glad of your company.
-
-Volsce:
-You take my part from me, sir; I have the most cause
-to be glad of yours.
-
-Roman:
-Well, let us go together.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-A goodly city is this Antium. City,
-'Tis I that made thy widows: many an heir
-Of these fair edifices 'fore my wars
-Have I heard groan and drop: then know me not,
-Lest that thy wives with spits and boys with stones
-In puny battle slay me.
-Save you, sir.
-
-Citizen:
-And you.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Direct me, if it be your will,
-Where great Aufidius lies: is he in Antium?
-
-Citizen:
-He is, and feasts the nobles of the state
-At his house this night.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Which is his house, beseech you?
-
-Citizen:
-This, here before you.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Thank you, sir: farewell.
-O world, thy slippery turns! Friends now fast sworn,
-Whose double bosoms seem to wear one heart,
-Whose house, whose bed, whose meal, and exercise,
-Are still together, who twin, as 'twere, in love
-Unseparable, shall within this hour,
-On a dissension of a doit, break out
-To bitterest enmity: so, fellest foes,
-Whose passions and whose plots have broke their sleep,
-To take the one the other, by some chance,
-Some trick not worth an egg, shall grow dear friends
-And interjoin their issues. So with me:
-My birth-place hate I, and my love's upon
-This enemy town. I'll enter: if he slay me,
-He does fair justice; if he give me way,
-I'll do his country service.
-
-First Servingman:
-Wine, wine, wine! What service
-is here! I think our fellows are asleep.
-
-Second Servingman:
-Where's Cotus? my master calls
-for him. Cotus!
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-A goodly house: the feast smells well; but I
-Appear not like a guest.
-
-First Servingman:
-What would you have, friend? whence are you?
-Here's no place for you: pray, go to the door.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-I have deserved no better entertainment,
-In being Coriolanus.
-
-Second Servingman:
-Whence are you, sir? Has the porter his eyes in his
-head; that he gives entrance to such companions?
-Pray, get you out.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Away!
-
-Second Servingman:
-Away! get you away.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Now thou'rt troublesome.
-
-Second Servingman:
-Are you so brave? I'll have you talked with anon.
-
-Third Servingman:
-What fellow's this?
-
-First Servingman:
-A strange one as ever I looked on: I cannot get him
-out of the house: prithee, call my master to him.
-
-Third Servingman:
-What have you to do here, fellow? Pray you, avoid
-the house.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Let me but stand; I will not hurt your hearth.
-
-Third Servingman:
-What are you?
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-A gentleman.
-
-Third Servingman:
-A marvellous poor one.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-True, so I am.
-
-Third Servingman:
-Pray you, poor gentleman, take up some other
-station; here's no place for you; pray you, avoid: come.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Follow your function, go, and batten on cold bits.
-
-Third Servingman:
-What, you will not? Prithee, tell my master what a
-strange guest he has here.
-
-Second Servingman:
-And I shall.
-
-Third Servingman:
-Where dwellest thou?
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Under the canopy.
-
-Third Servingman:
-Under the canopy!
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Ay.
-
-Third Servingman:
-Where's that?
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-I' the city of kites and crows.
-
-Third Servingman:
-I' the city of kites and crows! What an ass it is!
-Then thou dwellest with daws too?
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-No, I serve not thy master.
-
-Third Servingman:
-How, sir! do you meddle with my master?
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Ay; 'tis an honester service than to meddle with thy
-mistress. Thou pratest, and pratest; serve with thy
-trencher, hence!
-
-AUFIDIUS:
-Where is this fellow?
-
-Second Servingman:
-Here, sir: I'ld have beaten him like a dog, but for
-disturbing the lords within.
-
-AUFIDIUS:
-Whence comest thou? what wouldst thou? thy name?
-Why speak'st not? speak, man: what's thy name?
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-If, Tullus,
-Not yet thou knowest me, and, seeing me, dost not
-Think me for the man I am, necessity
-Commands me name myself.
-
-AUFIDIUS:
-What is thy name?
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-A name unmusical to the Volscians' ears,
-And harsh in sound to thine.
-
-AUFIDIUS:
-Say, what's thy name?
-Thou hast a grim appearance, and thy face
-Bears a command in't; though thy tackle's torn.
-Thou show'st a noble vessel: what's thy name?
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Prepare thy brow to frown: know'st
-thou me yet?
-
-AUFIDIUS:
-I know thee not: thy name?
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-My name is Caius Marcius, who hath done
-To thee particularly and to all the Volsces
-Great hurt and mischief; thereto witness may
-My surname, Coriolanus: the painful service,
-The extreme dangers and the drops of blood
-Shed for my thankless country are requited
-But with that surname; a good memory,
-And witness of the malice and displeasure
-Which thou shouldst bear me: only that name remains;
-The cruelty and envy of the people,
-Permitted by our dastard nobles, who
-Have all forsook me, hath devour'd the rest;
-And suffer'd me by the voice of slaves to be
-Whoop'd out of Rome. Now this extremity
-Hath brought me to thy hearth; not out of hope--
-Mistake me not--to save my life, for if
-I had fear'd death, of all the men i' the world
-I would have 'voided thee, but in mere spite,
-To be full quit of those my banishers,
-Stand I before thee here. Then if thou hast
-A heart of wreak in thee, that wilt revenge
-Thine own particular wrongs and stop those maims
-Of shame seen through thy country, speed
-thee straight,
-And make my misery serve thy turn: so use it
-That my revengeful services may prove
-As benefits to thee, for I will fight
-Against my canker'd country with the spleen
-Of all the under fiends. But if so be
-Thou darest not this and that to prove more fortunes
-Thou'rt tired, then, in a word, I also am
-Longer to live most weary, and present
-My throat to thee and to thy ancient malice;
-Which not to cut would show thee but a fool,
-Since I have ever follow'd thee with hate,
-Drawn tuns of blood out of thy country's breast,
-And cannot live but to thy shame, unless
-It be to do thee service.
-
-AUFIDIUS:
-O Marcius, Marcius!
-Each word thou hast spoke hath weeded from my heart
-A root of ancient envy. If Jupiter
-Should from yond cloud speak divine things,
-And say 'Tis true,' I'ld not believe them more
-Than thee, all noble Marcius. Let me twine
-Mine arms about that body, where against
-My grained ash an hundred times hath broke
-And scarr'd the moon with splinters: here I clip
-The anvil of my sword, and do contest
-As hotly and as nobly with thy love
-As ever in ambitious strength I did
-Contend against thy valour. Know thou first,
-I loved the maid I married; never man
-Sigh'd truer breath; but that I see thee here,
-Thou noble thing! more dances my rapt heart
-Than when I first my wedded mistress saw
-Bestride my threshold. Why, thou Mars! I tell thee,
-We have a power on foot; and I had purpose
-Once more to hew thy target from thy brawn,
-Or lose mine arm fort: thou hast beat me out
-Twelve several times, and I have nightly since
-Dreamt of encounters 'twixt thyself and me;
-We have been down together in my sleep,
-Unbuckling helms, fisting each other's throat,
-And waked half dead with nothing. Worthy Marcius,
-Had we no quarrel else to Rome, but that
-Thou art thence banish'd, we would muster all
-From twelve to seventy, and pouring war
-Into the bowels of ungrateful Rome,
-Like a bold flood o'er-bear. O, come, go in,
-And take our friendly senators by the hands;
-Who now are here, taking their leaves of me,
-Who am prepared against your territories,
-Though not for Rome itself.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-You bless me, gods!
-
-AUFIDIUS:
-Therefore, most absolute sir, if thou wilt have
-The leading of thine own revenges, take
-The one half of my commission; and set down--
-As best thou art experienced, since thou know'st
-Thy country's strength and weakness,--thine own ways;
-Whether to knock against the gates of Rome,
-Or rudely visit them in parts remote,
-To fright them, ere destroy. But come in:
-Let me commend thee first to those that shall
-Say yea to thy desires. A thousand welcomes!
-And more a friend than e'er an enemy;
-Yet, Marcius, that was much. Your hand: most welcome!
-
-First Servingman:
-Here's a strange alteration!
-
-Second Servingman:
-By my hand, I had thought to have strucken him with
-a cudgel; and yet my mind gave me his clothes made a
-false report of him.
-
-First Servingman:
-What an arm he has! he turned me about with his
-finger and his thumb, as one would set up a top.
-
-Second Servingman:
-Nay, I knew by his face that there was something in
-him: he had, sir, a kind of face, methought,--I
-cannot tell how to term it.
-
-First Servingman:
-He had so; looking as it were--would I were hanged,
-but I thought there was more in him than I could think.
-
-Second Servingman:
-So did I, I'll be sworn: he is simply the rarest
-man i' the world.
-
-First Servingman:
-I think he is: but a greater soldier than he you wot on.
-
-Second Servingman:
-Who, my master?
-
-First Servingman:
-Nay, it's no matter for that.
-
-Second Servingman:
-Worth six on him.
-
-First Servingman:
-Nay, not so neither: but I take him to be the
-greater soldier.
-
-Second Servingman:
-Faith, look you, one cannot tell how to say that:
-for the defence of a town, our general is excellent.
-
-First Servingman:
-Ay, and for an assault too.
-
-Third Servingman:
-O slaves, I can tell you news,-- news, you rascals!
-
-First Servingman:
-What, what, what? let's partake.
-
-Third Servingman:
-I would not be a Roman, of all nations; I had as
-lieve be a condemned man.
-
-First Servingman:
-Wherefore? wherefore?
-
-Third Servingman:
-Why, here's he that was wont to thwack our general,
-Caius Marcius.
-
-First Servingman:
-Why do you say 'thwack our general '?
-
-Third Servingman:
-I do not say 'thwack our general;' but he was always
-good enough for him.
-
-Second Servingman:
-Come, we are fellows and friends: he was ever too
-hard for him; I have heard him say so himself.
-
-First Servingman:
-He was too hard for him directly, to say the troth
-on't: before Corioli he scotched him and notched
-him like a carbon ado.
-
-Second Servingman:
-An he had been cannibally given, he might have
-broiled and eaten him too.
-
-First Servingman:
-But, more of thy news?
-
-Third Servingman:
-Why, he is so made on here within, as if he were son
-and heir to Mars; set at upper end o' the table; no
-question asked him by any of the senators, but they
-stand bald before him: our general himself makes a
-mistress of him: sanctifies himself with's hand and
-turns up the white o' the eye to his discourse. But
-the bottom of the news is that our general is cut i'
-the middle and but one half of what he was
-yesterday; for the other has half, by the entreaty
-and grant of the whole table. He'll go, he says,
-and sowl the porter of Rome gates by the ears: he
-will mow all down before him, and leave his passage polled.
-
-Second Servingman:
-And he's as like to do't as any man I can imagine.
-
-Third Servingman:
-Do't! he will do't; for, look you, sir, he has as
-many friends as enemies; which friends, sir, as it
-were, durst not, look you, sir, show themselves, as
-we term it, his friends whilst he's in directitude.
-
-First Servingman:
-Directitude! what's that?
-
-Third Servingman:
-But when they shall see, sir, his crest up again,
-and the man in blood, they will out of their
-burrows, like conies after rain, and revel all with
-him.
-
-First Servingman:
-But when goes this forward?
-
-Third Servingman:
-To-morrow; to-day; presently; you shall have the
-drum struck up this afternoon: 'tis, as it were, a
-parcel of their feast, and to be executed ere they
-wipe their lips.
-
-Second Servingman:
-Why, then we shall have a stirring world again.
-This peace is nothing, but to rust iron, increase
-tailors, and breed ballad-makers.
-
-First Servingman:
-Let me have war, say I; it exceeds peace as far as
-day does night; it's spritely, waking, audible, and
-full of vent. Peace is a very apoplexy, lethargy;
-mulled, deaf, sleepy, insensible; a getter of more
-bastard children than war's a destroyer of men.
-
-Second Servingman:
-'Tis so: and as war, in some sort, may be said to
-be a ravisher, so it cannot be denied but peace is a
-great maker of cuckolds.
-
-First Servingman:
-Ay, and it makes men hate one another.
-
-Third Servingman:
-Reason; because they then less need one another.
-The wars for my money. I hope to see Romans as cheap
-as Volscians. They are rising, they are rising.
-
-All:
-In, in, in, in!
-
-SICINIUS:
-We hear not of him, neither need we fear him;
-His remedies are tame i' the present peace
-And quietness of the people, which before
-Were in wild hurry. Here do we make his friends
-Blush that the world goes well, who rather had,
-Though they themselves did suffer by't, behold
-Dissentious numbers pestering streets than see
-Our tradesmen with in their shops and going
-About their functions friendly.
-
-BRUTUS:
-We stood to't in good time.
-Is this Menenius?
-
-SICINIUS:
-'Tis he,'tis he: O, he is grown most kind of late.
-
-Both Tribunes:
-Hail sir!
-
-MENENIUS:
-Hail to you both!
-
-SICINIUS:
-Your Coriolanus
-Is not much miss'd, but with his friends:
-The commonwealth doth stand, and so would do,
-Were he more angry at it.
-
-MENENIUS:
-All's well; and might have been much better, if
-He could have temporized.
-
-SICINIUS:
-Where is he, hear you?
-
-MENENIUS:
-Nay, I hear nothing: his mother and his wife
-Hear nothing from him.
-
-Citizens:
-The gods preserve you both!
-
-SICINIUS:
-God-den, our neighbours.
-
-BRUTUS:
-God-den to you all, god-den to you all.
-
-First Citizen:
-Ourselves, our wives, and children, on our knees,
-Are bound to pray for you both.
-
-SICINIUS:
-Live, and thrive!
-
-BRUTUS:
-Farewell, kind neighbours: we wish'd Coriolanus
-Had loved you as we did.
-
-Citizens:
-Now the gods keep you!
-
-Both Tribunes:
-Farewell, farewell.
-
-SICINIUS:
-This is a happier and more comely time
-Than when these fellows ran about the streets,
-Crying confusion.
-
-BRUTUS:
-Caius Marcius was
-A worthy officer i' the war; but insolent,
-O'ercome with pride, ambitious past all thinking,
-Self-loving,--
-
-SICINIUS:
-And affecting one sole throne,
-Without assistance.
-
-MENENIUS:
-I think not so.
-
-SICINIUS:
-We should by this, to all our lamentation,
-If he had gone forth consul, found it so.
-
-BRUTUS:
-The gods have well prevented it, and Rome
-Sits safe and still without him.
-
-AEdile:
-Worthy tribunes,
-There is a slave, whom we have put in prison,
-Reports, the Volsces with two several powers
-Are enter'd in the Roman territories,
-And with the deepest malice of the war
-Destroy what lies before 'em.
-
-MENENIUS:
-'Tis Aufidius,
-Who, hearing of our Marcius' banishment,
-Thrusts forth his horns again into the world;
-Which were inshell'd when Marcius stood for Rome,
-And durst not once peep out.
-
-SICINIUS:
-Come, what talk you
-Of Marcius?
-
-BRUTUS:
-Go see this rumourer whipp'd. It cannot be
-The Volsces dare break with us.
-
-MENENIUS:
-Cannot be!
-We have record that very well it can,
-And three examples of the like have been
-Within my age. But reason with the fellow,
-Before you punish him, where he heard this,
-Lest you shall chance to whip your information
-And beat the messenger who bids beware
-Of what is to be dreaded.
-
-SICINIUS:
-Tell not me:
-I know this cannot be.
-
-BRUTUS:
-Not possible.
-
-Messenger:
-The nobles in great earnestness are going
-All to the senate-house: some news is come
-That turns their countenances.
-
-SICINIUS:
-'Tis this slave;--
-Go whip him, 'fore the people's eyes:--his raising;
-Nothing but his report.
-
-Messenger:
-Yes, worthy sir,
-The slave's report is seconded; and more,
-More fearful, is deliver'd.
-
-SICINIUS:
-What more fearful?
-
-Messenger:
-It is spoke freely out of many mouths--
-How probable I do not know--that Marcius,
-Join'd with Aufidius, leads a power 'gainst Rome,
-And vows revenge as spacious as between
-The young'st and oldest thing.
-
-SICINIUS:
-This is most likely!
-
-BRUTUS:
-Raised only, that the weaker sort may wish
-Good Marcius home again.
-
-SICINIUS:
-The very trick on't.
-
-MENENIUS:
-This is unlikely:
-He and Aufidius can no more atone
-Than violentest contrariety.
-
-Second Messenger:
-You are sent for to the senate:
-A fearful army, led by Caius Marcius
-Associated with Aufidius, rages
-Upon our territories; and have already
-O'erborne their way, consumed with fire, and took
-What lay before them.
-
-COMINIUS:
-O, you have made good work!
-
-MENENIUS:
-What news? what news?
-
-COMINIUS:
-You have holp to ravish your own daughters and
-To melt the city leads upon your pates,
-To see your wives dishonour'd to your noses,--
-
-MENENIUS:
-What's the news? what's the news?
-
-COMINIUS:
-Your temples burned in their cement, and
-Your franchises, whereon you stood, confined
-Into an auger's bore.
-
-MENENIUS:
-Pray now, your news?
-You have made fair work, I fear me.--Pray, your news?--
-If Marcius should be join'd with Volscians,--
-
-COMINIUS:
-If!
-He is their god: he leads them like a thing
-Made by some other deity than nature,
-That shapes man better; and they follow him,
-Against us brats, with no less confidence
-Than boys pursuing summer butterflies,
-Or butchers killing flies.
-
-MENENIUS:
-You have made good work,
-You and your apron-men; you that stood so up much
-on the voice of occupation and
-The breath of garlic-eaters!
-
-COMINIUS:
-He will shake
-Your Rome about your ears.
-
-MENENIUS:
-As Hercules
-Did shake down mellow fruit.
-You have made fair work!
-
-BRUTUS:
-But is this true, sir?
-
-COMINIUS:
-Ay; and you'll look pale
-Before you find it other. All the regions
-Do smilingly revolt; and who resist
-Are mock'd for valiant ignorance,
-And perish constant fools. Who is't can blame him?
-Your enemies and his find something in him.
-
-MENENIUS:
-We are all undone, unless
-The noble man have mercy.
-
-COMINIUS:
-Who shall ask it?
-The tribunes cannot do't for shame; the people
-Deserve such pity of him as the wolf
-Does of the shepherds: for his best friends, if they
-Should say 'Be good to Rome,' they charged him even
-As those should do that had deserved his hate,
-And therein show'd like enemies.
-
-MENENIUS:
-'Tis true:
-If he were putting to my house the brand
-That should consume it, I have not the face
-To say 'Beseech you, cease.' You have made fair hands,
-You and your crafts! you have crafted fair!
-
-COMINIUS:
-You have brought
-A trembling upon Rome, such as was never
-So incapable of help.
-
-Both Tribunes:
-Say not we brought it.
-
-MENENIUS:
-How! Was it we? we loved him but, like beasts
-And cowardly nobles, gave way unto your clusters,
-Who did hoot him out o' the city.
-
-COMINIUS:
-But I fear
-They'll roar him in again. Tullus Aufidius,
-The second name of men, obeys his points
-As if he were his officer: desperation
-Is all the policy, strength and defence,
-That Rome can make against them.
-
-MENENIUS:
-Here come the clusters.
-And is Aufidius with him? You are they
-That made the air unwholesome, when you cast
-Your stinking greasy caps in hooting at
-Coriolanus' exile. Now he's coming;
-And not a hair upon a soldier's head
-Which will not prove a whip: as many coxcombs
-As you threw caps up will he tumble down,
-And pay you for your voices. 'Tis no matter;
-if he could burn us all into one coal,
-We have deserved it.
-
-Citizens:
-Faith, we hear fearful news.
-
-First Citizen:
-For mine own part,
-When I said, banish him, I said 'twas pity.
-
-Second Citizen:
-And so did I.
-
-Third Citizen:
-And so did I; and, to say the truth, so did very
-many of us: that we did, we did for the best; and
-though we willingly consented to his banishment, yet
-it was against our will.
-
-COMINIUS:
-Ye re goodly things, you voices!
-
-MENENIUS:
-You have made
-Good work, you and your cry! Shall's to the Capitol?
-
-COMINIUS:
-O, ay, what else?
-
-SICINIUS:
-Go, masters, get you home; be not dismay'd:
-These are a side that would be glad to have
-This true which they so seem to fear. Go home,
-And show no sign of fear.
-
-First Citizen:
-The gods be good to us! Come, masters, let's home.
-I ever said we were i' the wrong when we banished
-him.
-
-Second Citizen:
-So did we all. But, come, let's home.
-
-BRUTUS:
-I do not like this news.
-
-SICINIUS:
-Nor I.
-
-BRUTUS:
-Let's to the Capitol. Would half my wealth
-Would buy this for a lie!
-
-SICINIUS:
-Pray, let us go.
-
-AUFIDIUS:
-Do they still fly to the Roman?
-
-Lieutenant:
-I do not know what witchcraft's in him, but
-Your soldiers use him as the grace 'fore meat,
-Their talk at table, and their thanks at end;
-And you are darken'd in this action, sir,
-Even by your own.
-
-AUFIDIUS:
-I cannot help it now,
-Unless, by using means, I lame the foot
-Of our design. He bears himself more proudlier,
-Even to my person, than I thought he would
-When first I did embrace him: yet his nature
-In that's no changeling; and I must excuse
-What cannot be amended.
-
-Lieutenant:
-Yet I wish, sir,--
-I mean for your particular,--you had not
-Join'd in commission with him; but either
-Had borne the action of yourself, or else
-To him had left it solely.
-
-AUFIDIUS:
-I understand thee well; and be thou sure,
-when he shall come to his account, he knows not
-What I can urge against him. Although it seems,
-And so he thinks, and is no less apparent
-To the vulgar eye, that he bears all things fairly.
-And shows good husbandry for the Volscian state,
-Fights dragon-like, and does achieve as soon
-As draw his sword; yet he hath left undone
-That which shall break his neck or hazard mine,
-Whene'er we come to our account.
-
-Lieutenant:
-Sir, I beseech you, think you he'll carry Rome?
-
-AUFIDIUS:
-All places yield to him ere he sits down;
-And the nobility of Rome are his:
-The senators and patricians love him too:
-The tribunes are no soldiers; and their people
-Will be as rash in the repeal, as hasty
-To expel him thence. I think he'll be to Rome
-As is the osprey to the fish, who takes it
-By sovereignty of nature. First he was
-A noble servant to them; but he could not
-Carry his honours even: whether 'twas pride,
-Which out of daily fortune ever taints
-The happy man; whether defect of judgment,
-To fail in the disposing of those chances
-Which he was lord of; or whether nature,
-Not to be other than one thing, not moving
-From the casque to the cushion, but commanding peace
-Even with the same austerity and garb
-As he controll'd the war; but one of these--
-As he hath spices of them all, not all,
-For I dare so far free him--made him fear'd,
-So hated, and so banish'd: but he has a merit,
-To choke it in the utterance. So our virtues
-Lie in the interpretation of the time:
-And power, unto itself most commendable,
-Hath not a tomb so evident as a chair
-To extol what it hath done.
-One fire drives out one fire; one nail, one nail;
-Rights by rights falter, strengths by strengths do fail.
-Come, let's away. When, Caius, Rome is thine,
-Thou art poor'st of all; then shortly art thou mine.
-
-MENENIUS:
-No, I'll not go: you hear what he hath said
-Which was sometime his general; who loved him
-In a most dear particular. He call'd me father:
-But what o' that? Go, you that banish'd him;
-A mile before his tent fall down, and knee
-The way into his mercy: nay, if he coy'd
-To hear Cominius speak, I'll keep at home.
-
-COMINIUS:
-He would not seem to know me.
-
-MENENIUS:
-Do you hear?
-
-COMINIUS:
-Yet one time he did call me by my name:
-I urged our old acquaintance, and the drops
-That we have bled together. Coriolanus
-He would not answer to: forbad all names;
-He was a kind of nothing, titleless,
-Till he had forged himself a name o' the fire
-Of burning Rome.
-
-MENENIUS:
-Why, so: you have made good work!
-A pair of tribunes that have rack'd for Rome,
-To make coals cheap,--a noble memory!
-
-COMINIUS:
-I minded him how royal 'twas to pardon
-When it was less expected: he replied,
-It was a bare petition of a state
-To one whom they had punish'd.
-
-MENENIUS:
-Very well:
-Could he say less?
-
-COMINIUS:
-I offer'd to awaken his regard
-For's private friends: his answer to me was,
-He could not stay to pick them in a pile
-Of noisome musty chaff: he said 'twas folly,
-For one poor grain or two, to leave unburnt,
-And still to nose the offence.
-
-MENENIUS:
-For one poor grain or two!
-I am one of those; his mother, wife, his child,
-And this brave fellow too, we are the grains:
-You are the musty chaff; and you are smelt
-Above the moon: we must be burnt for you.
-
-SICINIUS:
-Nay, pray, be patient: if you refuse your aid
-In this so never-needed help, yet do not
-Upbraid's with our distress. But, sure, if you
-Would be your country's pleader, your good tongue,
-More than the instant army we can make,
-Might stop our countryman.
-
-MENENIUS:
-No, I'll not meddle.
-
-SICINIUS:
-Pray you, go to him.
-
-MENENIUS:
-What should I do?
-
-BRUTUS:
-Only make trial what your love can do
-For Rome, towards Marcius.
-
-MENENIUS:
-Well, and say that Marcius
-Return me, as Cominius is return'd,
-Unheard; what then?
-But as a discontented friend, grief-shot
-With his unkindness? say't be so?
-
-SICINIUS:
-Yet your good will
-must have that thanks from Rome, after the measure
-As you intended well.
-
-MENENIUS:
-I'll undertake 't:
-I think he'll hear me. Yet, to bite his lip
-And hum at good Cominius, much unhearts me.
-He was not taken well; he had not dined:
-The veins unfill'd, our blood is cold, and then
-We pout upon the morning, are unapt
-To give or to forgive; but when we have stuff'd
-These and these conveyances of our blood
-With wine and feeding, we have suppler souls
-Than in our priest-like fasts: therefore I'll watch him
-Till he be dieted to my request,
-And then I'll set upon him.
-
-BRUTUS:
-You know the very road into his kindness,
-And cannot lose your way.
-
-MENENIUS:
-Good faith, I'll prove him,
-Speed how it will. I shall ere long have knowledge
-Of my success.
-
-COMINIUS:
-He'll never hear him.
-
-SICINIUS:
-Not?
-
-COMINIUS:
-I tell you, he does sit in gold, his eye
-Red as 'twould burn Rome; and his injury
-The gaoler to his pity. I kneel'd before him;
-'Twas very faintly he said 'Rise;' dismiss'd me
-Thus, with his speechless hand: what he would do,
-He sent in writing after me; what he would not,
-Bound with an oath to yield to his conditions:
-So that all hope is vain.
-Unless his noble mother, and his wife;
-Who, as I hear, mean to solicit him
-For mercy to his country. Therefore, let's hence,
-And with our fair entreaties haste them on.
-
-First Senator:
-Stay: whence are you?
-
-Second Senator:
-Stand, and go back.
-
-MENENIUS:
-You guard like men; 'tis well: but, by your leave,
-I am an officer of state, and come
-To speak with Coriolanus.
-
-First Senator:
-From whence?
-
-MENENIUS:
-From Rome.
-
-First Senator:
-You may not pass, you must return: our general
-Will no more hear from thence.
-
-Second Senator:
-You'll see your Rome embraced with fire before
-You'll speak with Coriolanus.
-
-MENENIUS:
-Good my friends,
-If you have heard your general talk of Rome,
-And of his friends there, it is lots to blanks,
-My name hath touch'd your ears it is Menenius.
-
-First Senator:
-Be it so; go back: the virtue of your name
-Is not here passable.
-
-MENENIUS:
-I tell thee, fellow,
-The general is my lover: I have been
-The book of his good acts, whence men have read
-His name unparallel'd, haply amplified;
-For I have ever verified my friends,
-Of whom he's chief, with all the size that verity
-Would without lapsing suffer: nay, sometimes,
-Like to a bowl upon a subtle ground,
-I have tumbled past the throw; and in his praise
-Have almost stamp'd the leasing: therefore, fellow,
-I must have leave to pass.
-
-First Senator:
-Faith, sir, if you had told as many lies in his
-behalf as you have uttered words in your own, you
-should not pass here; no, though it were as virtuous
-to lie as to live chastely. Therefore, go back.
-
-MENENIUS:
-Prithee, fellow, remember my name is Menenius,
-always factionary on the party of your general.
-
-Second Senator:
-Howsoever you have been his liar, as you say you
-have, I am one that, telling true under him, must
-say, you cannot pass. Therefore, go back.
-
-MENENIUS:
-Has he dined, canst thou tell? for I would not
-speak with him till after dinner.
-
-First Senator:
-You are a Roman, are you?
-
-MENENIUS:
-I am, as thy general is.
-
-First Senator:
-Then you should hate Rome, as he does. Can you,
-when you have pushed out your gates the very
-defender of them, and, in a violent popular
-ignorance, given your enemy your shield, think to
-front his revenges with the easy groans of old
-women, the virginal palms of your daughters, or with
-the palsied intercession of such a decayed dotant as
-you seem to be? Can you think to blow out the
-intended fire your city is ready to flame in, with
-such weak breath as this? No, you are deceived;
-therefore, back to Rome, and prepare for your
-execution: you are condemned, our general has sworn
-you out of reprieve and pardon.
-
-MENENIUS:
-Sirrah, if thy captain knew I were here, he would
-use me with estimation.
-
-Second Senator:
-Come, my captain knows you not.
-
-MENENIUS:
-I mean, thy general.
-
-First Senator:
-My general cares not for you. Back, I say, go; lest
-I let forth your half-pint of blood; back,--that's
-the utmost of your having: back.
-
-MENENIUS:
-Nay, but, fellow, fellow,--
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-What's the matter?
-
-MENENIUS:
-Now, you companion, I'll say an errand for you:
-You shall know now that I am in estimation; you shall
-perceive that a Jack guardant cannot office me from
-my son Coriolanus: guess, but by my entertainment
-with him, if thou standest not i' the state of
-hanging, or of some death more long in
-spectatorship, and crueller in suffering; behold now
-presently, and swoon for what's to come upon thee.
-The glorious gods sit in hourly synod about thy
-particular prosperity, and love thee no worse than
-thy old father Menenius does! O my son, my son!
-thou art preparing fire for us; look thee, here's
-water to quench it. I was hardly moved to come to
-thee; but being assured none but myself could move
-thee, I have been blown out of your gates with
-sighs; and conjure thee to pardon Rome, and thy
-petitionary countrymen. The good gods assuage thy
-wrath, and turn the dregs of it upon this varlet
-here,--this, who, like a block, hath denied my
-access to thee.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Away!
-
-MENENIUS:
-How! away!
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Wife, mother, child, I know not. My affairs
-Are servanted to others: though I owe
-My revenge properly, my remission lies
-In Volscian breasts. That we have been familiar,
-Ingrate forgetfulness shall poison, rather
-Than pity note how much. Therefore, be gone.
-Mine ears against your suits are stronger than
-Your gates against my force. Yet, for I loved thee,
-Take this along; I writ it for thy sake
-And would have rent it. Another word, Menenius,
-I will not hear thee speak. This man, Aufidius,
-Was my beloved in Rome: yet thou behold'st!
-
-AUFIDIUS:
-You keep a constant temper.
-
-First Senator:
-Now, sir, is your name Menenius?
-
-Second Senator:
-'Tis a spell, you see, of much power: you know the
-way home again.
-
-First Senator:
-Do you hear how we are shent for keeping your
-greatness back?
-
-Second Senator:
-What cause, do you think, I have to swoon?
-
-MENENIUS:
-I neither care for the world nor your general: for
-such things as you, I can scarce think there's any,
-ye're so slight. He that hath a will to die by
-himself fears it not from another: let your general
-do his worst. For you, be that you are, long; and
-your misery increase with your age! I say to you,
-as I was said to, Away!
-
-First Senator:
-A noble fellow, I warrant him.
-
-Second Senator:
-The worthy fellow is our general: he's the rock, the
-oak not to be wind-shaken.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-We will before the walls of Rome tomorrow
-Set down our host. My partner in this action,
-You must report to the Volscian lords, how plainly
-I have borne this business.
-
-AUFIDIUS:
-Only their ends
-You have respected; stopp'd your ears against
-The general suit of Rome; never admitted
-A private whisper, no, not with such friends
-That thought them sure of you.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-This last old man,
-Whom with a crack'd heart I have sent to Rome,
-Loved me above the measure of a father;
-Nay, godded me, indeed. Their latest refuge
-Was to send him; for whose old love I have,
-Though I show'd sourly to him, once more offer'd
-The first conditions, which they did refuse
-And cannot now accept; to grace him only
-That thought he could do more, a very little
-I have yielded to: fresh embassies and suits,
-Nor from the state nor private friends, hereafter
-Will I lend ear to. Ha! what shout is this?
-Shall I be tempted to infringe my vow
-In the same time 'tis made? I will not.
-My wife comes foremost; then the honour'd mould
-Wherein this trunk was framed, and in her hand
-The grandchild to her blood. But, out, affection!
-All bond and privilege of nature, break!
-Let it be virtuous to be obstinate.
-What is that curt'sy worth? or those doves' eyes,
-Which can make gods forsworn? I melt, and am not
-Of stronger earth than others. My mother bows;
-As if Olympus to a molehill should
-In supplication nod: and my young boy
-Hath an aspect of intercession, which
-Great nature cries 'Deny not.' let the Volsces
-Plough Rome and harrow Italy: I'll never
-Be such a gosling to obey instinct, but stand,
-As if a man were author of himself
-And knew no other kin.
-
-VIRGILIA:
-My lord and husband!
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-These eyes are not the same I wore in Rome.
-
-VIRGILIA:
-The sorrow that delivers us thus changed
-Makes you think so.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Like a dull actor now,
-I have forgot my part, and I am out,
-Even to a full disgrace. Best of my flesh,
-Forgive my tyranny; but do not say
-For that 'Forgive our Romans.' O, a kiss
-Long as my exile, sweet as my revenge!
-Now, by the jealous queen of heaven, that kiss
-I carried from thee, dear; and my true lip
-Hath virgin'd it e'er since. You gods! I prate,
-And the most noble mother of the world
-Leave unsaluted: sink, my knee, i' the earth;
-Of thy deep duty more impression show
-Than that of common sons.
-
-VOLUMNIA:
-O, stand up blest!
-Whilst, with no softer cushion than the flint,
-I kneel before thee; and unproperly
-Show duty, as mistaken all this while
-Between the child and parent.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-What is this?
-Your knees to me? to your corrected son?
-Then let the pebbles on the hungry beach
-Fillip the stars; then let the mutinous winds
-Strike the proud cedars 'gainst the fiery sun;
-Murdering impossibility, to make
-What cannot be, slight work.
-
-VOLUMNIA:
-Thou art my warrior;
-I holp to frame thee. Do you know this lady?
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-The noble sister of Publicola,
-The moon of Rome, chaste as the icicle
-That's curdied by the frost from purest snow
-And hangs on Dian's temple: dear Valeria!
-
-VOLUMNIA:
-This is a poor epitome of yours,
-Which by the interpretation of full time
-May show like all yourself.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-The god of soldiers,
-With the consent of supreme Jove, inform
-Thy thoughts with nobleness; that thou mayst prove
-To shame unvulnerable, and stick i' the wars
-Like a great sea-mark, standing every flaw,
-And saving those that eye thee!
-
-VOLUMNIA:
-Your knee, sirrah.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-That's my brave boy!
-
-VOLUMNIA:
-Even he, your wife, this lady, and myself,
-Are suitors to you.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-I beseech you, peace:
-Or, if you'ld ask, remember this before:
-The thing I have forsworn to grant may never
-Be held by you denials. Do not bid me
-Dismiss my soldiers, or capitulate
-Again with Rome's mechanics: tell me not
-Wherein I seem unnatural: desire not
-To ally my rages and revenges with
-Your colder reasons.
-
-VOLUMNIA:
-O, no more, no more!
-You have said you will not grant us any thing;
-For we have nothing else to ask, but that
-Which you deny already: yet we will ask;
-That, if you fail in our request, the blame
-May hang upon your hardness: therefore hear us.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Aufidius, and you Volsces, mark; for we'll
-Hear nought from Rome in private. Your request?
-
-VOLUMNIA:
-Should we be silent and not speak, our raiment
-And state of bodies would bewray what life
-We have led since thy exile. Think with thyself
-How more unfortunate than all living women
-Are we come hither: since that thy sight,
-which should
-Make our eyes flow with joy, hearts dance
-with comforts,
-Constrains them weep and shake with fear and sorrow;
-Making the mother, wife and child to see
-The son, the husband and the father tearing
-His country's bowels out. And to poor we
-Thine enmity's most capital: thou barr'st us
-Our prayers to the gods, which is a comfort
-That all but we enjoy; for how can we,
-Alas, how can we for our country pray.
-Whereto we are bound, together with thy victory,
-Whereto we are bound? alack, or we must lose
-The country, our dear nurse, or else thy person,
-Our comfort in the country. We must find
-An evident calamity, though we had
-Our wish, which side should win: for either thou
-Must, as a foreign recreant, be led
-With manacles thorough our streets, or else
-triumphantly tread on thy country's ruin,
-And bear the palm for having bravely shed
-Thy wife and children's blood. For myself, son,
-I purpose not to wait on fortune till
-These wars determine: if I cannot persuade thee
-Rather to show a noble grace to both parts
-Than seek the end of one, thou shalt no sooner
-March to assault thy country than to tread--
-Trust to't, thou shalt not--on thy mother's womb,
-That brought thee to this world.
-
-VIRGILIA:
-Ay, and mine,
-That brought you forth this boy, to keep your name
-Living to time.
-
-Young MARCIUS:
-A' shall not tread on me;
-I'll run away till I am bigger, but then I'll fight.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Not of a woman's tenderness to be,
-Requires nor child nor woman's face to see.
-I have sat too long.
-
-VOLUMNIA:
-Nay, go not from us thus.
-If it were so that our request did tend
-To save the Romans, thereby to destroy
-The Volsces whom you serve, you might condemn us,
-As poisonous of your honour: no; our suit
-Is that you reconcile them: while the Volsces
-May say 'This mercy we have show'd;' the Romans,
-'This we received;' and each in either side
-Give the all-hail to thee and cry 'Be blest
-For making up this peace!' Thou know'st, great son,
-The end of war's uncertain, but this certain,
-That, if thou conquer Rome, the benefit
-Which thou shalt thereby reap is such a name,
-Whose repetition will be dogg'd with curses;
-Whose chronicle thus writ: 'The man was noble,
-But with his last attempt he wiped it out;
-Destroy'd his country, and his name remains
-To the ensuing age abhorr'd.' Speak to me, son:
-Thou hast affected the fine strains of honour,
-To imitate the graces of the gods;
-To tear with thunder the wide cheeks o' the air,
-And yet to charge thy sulphur with a bolt
-That should but rive an oak. Why dost not speak?
-Think'st thou it honourable for a noble man
-Still to remember wrongs? Daughter, speak you:
-He cares not for your weeping. Speak thou, boy:
-Perhaps thy childishness will move him more
-Than can our reasons. There's no man in the world
-More bound to 's mother; yet here he lets me prate
-Like one i' the stocks. Thou hast never in thy life
-Show'd thy dear mother any courtesy,
-When she, poor hen, fond of no second brood,
-Has cluck'd thee to the wars and safely home,
-Loaden with honour. Say my request's unjust,
-And spurn me back: but if it be not so,
-Thou art not honest; and the gods will plague thee,
-That thou restrain'st from me the duty which
-To a mother's part belongs. He turns away:
-Down, ladies; let us shame him with our knees.
-To his surname Coriolanus 'longs more pride
-Than pity to our prayers. Down: an end;
-This is the last: so we will home to Rome,
-And die among our neighbours. Nay, behold 's:
-This boy, that cannot tell what he would have
-But kneels and holds up bands for fellowship,
-Does reason our petition with more strength
-Than thou hast to deny 't. Come, let us go:
-This fellow had a Volscian to his mother;
-His wife is in Corioli and his child
-Like him by chance. Yet give us our dispatch:
-I am hush'd until our city be a-fire,
-And then I'll speak a little.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-O mother, mother!
-What have you done? Behold, the heavens do ope,
-The gods look down, and this unnatural scene
-They laugh at. O my mother, mother! O!
-You have won a happy victory to Rome;
-But, for your son,--believe it, O, believe it,
-Most dangerously you have with him prevail'd,
-If not most mortal to him. But, let it come.
-Aufidius, though I cannot make true wars,
-I'll frame convenient peace. Now, good Aufidius,
-Were you in my stead, would you have heard
-A mother less? or granted less, Aufidius?
-
-AUFIDIUS:
-I was moved withal.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-I dare be sworn you were:
-And, sir, it is no little thing to make
-Mine eyes to sweat compassion. But, good sir,
-What peace you'll make, advise me: for my part,
-I'll not to Rome, I'll back with you; and pray you,
-Stand to me in this cause. O mother! wife!
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Ay, by and by;
-But we will drink together; and you shall bear
-A better witness back than words, which we,
-On like conditions, will have counter-seal'd.
-Come, enter with us. Ladies, you deserve
-To have a temple built you: all the swords
-In Italy, and her confederate arms,
-Could not have made this peace.
-
-MENENIUS:
-See you yond coign o' the Capitol, yond
-corner-stone?
-
-SICINIUS:
-Why, what of that?
-
-MENENIUS:
-If it be possible for you to displace it with your
-little finger, there is some hope the ladies of
-Rome, especially his mother, may prevail with him.
-But I say there is no hope in't: our throats are
-sentenced and stay upon execution.
-
-SICINIUS:
-Is't possible that so short a time can alter the
-condition of a man!
-
-MENENIUS:
-There is differency between a grub and a butterfly;
-yet your butterfly was a grub. This Marcius is grown
-from man to dragon: he has wings; he's more than a
-creeping thing.
-
-SICINIUS:
-He loved his mother dearly.
-
-MENENIUS:
-So did he me: and he no more remembers his mother
-now than an eight-year-old horse. The tartness
-of his face sours ripe grapes: when he walks, he
-moves like an engine, and the ground shrinks before
-his treading: he is able to pierce a corslet with
-his eye; talks like a knell, and his hum is a
-battery. He sits in his state, as a thing made for
-Alexander. What he bids be done is finished with
-his bidding. He wants nothing of a god but eternity
-and a heaven to throne in.
-
-SICINIUS:
-Yes, mercy, if you report him truly.
-
-MENENIUS:
-I paint him in the character. Mark what mercy his
-mother shall bring from him: there is no more mercy
-in him than there is milk in a male tiger; that
-shall our poor city find: and all this is long of
-you.
-
-SICINIUS:
-The gods be good unto us!
-
-MENENIUS:
-No, in such a case the gods will not be good unto
-us. When we banished him, we respected not them;
-and, he returning to break our necks, they respect not us.
-
-Messenger:
-Sir, if you'ld save your life, fly to your house:
-The plebeians have got your fellow-tribune
-And hale him up and down, all swearing, if
-The Roman ladies bring not comfort home,
-They'll give him death by inches.
-
-SICINIUS:
-What's the news?
-
-Second Messenger:
-Good news, good news; the ladies have prevail'd,
-The Volscians are dislodged, and Marcius gone:
-A merrier day did never yet greet Rome,
-No, not the expulsion of the Tarquins.
-
-SICINIUS:
-Friend,
-Art thou certain this is true? is it most certain?
-
-Second Messenger:
-As certain as I know the sun is fire:
-Where have you lurk'd, that you make doubt of it?
-Ne'er through an arch so hurried the blown tide,
-As the recomforted through the gates. Why, hark you!
-The trumpets, sackbuts, psalteries and fifes,
-Tabours and cymbals and the shouting Romans,
-Make the sun dance. Hark you!
-
-MENENIUS:
-This is good news:
-I will go meet the ladies. This Volumnia
-Is worth of consuls, senators, patricians,
-A city full; of tribunes, such as you,
-A sea and land full. You have pray'd well to-day:
-This morning for ten thousand of your throats
-I'd not have given a doit. Hark, how they joy!
-
-SICINIUS:
-First, the gods bless you for your tidings; next,
-Accept my thankfulness.
-
-Second Messenger:
-Sir, we have all
-Great cause to give great thanks.
-
-SICINIUS:
-They are near the city?
-
-Second Messenger:
-Almost at point to enter.
-
-SICINIUS:
-We will meet them,
-And help the joy.
-
-First Senator:
-Behold our patroness, the life of Rome!
-Call all your tribes together, praise the gods,
-And make triumphant fires; strew flowers before them:
-Unshout the noise that banish'd Marcius,
-Repeal him with the welcome of his mother;
-Cry 'Welcome, ladies, welcome!'
-
-All:
-Welcome, ladies, Welcome!
-
-AUFIDIUS:
-Go tell the lords o' the city I am here:
-Deliver them this paper: having read it,
-Bid them repair to the market place; where I,
-Even in theirs and in the commons' ears,
-Will vouch the truth of it. Him I accuse
-The city ports by this hath enter'd and
-Intends to appear before the people, hoping
-To purge herself with words: dispatch.
-Most welcome!
-
-First Conspirator:
-How is it with our general?
-
-AUFIDIUS:
-Even so
-As with a man by his own alms empoison'd,
-And with his charity slain.
-
-Second Conspirator:
-Most noble sir,
-If you do hold the same intent wherein
-You wish'd us parties, we'll deliver you
-Of your great danger.
-
-AUFIDIUS:
-Sir, I cannot tell:
-We must proceed as we do find the people.
-
-Third Conspirator:
-The people will remain uncertain whilst
-'Twixt you there's difference; but the fall of either
-Makes the survivor heir of all.
-
-AUFIDIUS:
-I know it;
-And my pretext to strike at him admits
-A good construction. I raised him, and I pawn'd
-Mine honour for his truth: who being so heighten'd,
-He water'd his new plants with dews of flattery,
-Seducing so my friends; and, to this end,
-He bow'd his nature, never known before
-But to be rough, unswayable and free.
-
-Third Conspirator:
-Sir, his stoutness
-When he did stand for consul, which he lost
-By lack of stooping,--
-
-AUFIDIUS:
-That I would have spoke of:
-Being banish'd for't, he came unto my hearth;
-Presented to my knife his throat: I took him;
-Made him joint-servant with me; gave him way
-In all his own desires; nay, let him choose
-Out of my files, his projects to accomplish,
-My best and freshest men; served his designments
-In mine own person; holp to reap the fame
-Which he did end all his; and took some pride
-To do myself this wrong: till, at the last,
-I seem'd his follower, not partner, and
-He waged me with his countenance, as if
-I had been mercenary.
-
-First Conspirator:
-So he did, my lord:
-The army marvell'd at it, and, in the last,
-When he had carried Rome and that we look'd
-For no less spoil than glory,--
-
-AUFIDIUS:
-There was it:
-For which my sinews shall be stretch'd upon him.
-At a few drops of women's rheum, which are
-As cheap as lies, he sold the blood and labour
-Of our great action: therefore shall he die,
-And I'll renew me in his fall. But, hark!
-
-First Conspirator:
-Your native town you enter'd like a post,
-And had no welcomes home: but he returns,
-Splitting the air with noise.
-
-Second Conspirator:
-And patient fools,
-Whose children he hath slain, their base throats tear
-With giving him glory.
-
-Third Conspirator:
-Therefore, at your vantage,
-Ere he express himself, or move the people
-With what he would say, let him feel your sword,
-Which we will second. When he lies along,
-After your way his tale pronounced shall bury
-His reasons with his body.
-
-AUFIDIUS:
-Say no more:
-Here come the lords.
-
-All The Lords:
-You are most welcome home.
-
-AUFIDIUS:
-I have not deserved it.
-But, worthy lords, have you with heed perused
-What I have written to you?
-
-Lords:
-We have.
-
-First Lord:
-And grieve to hear't.
-What faults he made before the last, I think
-Might have found easy fines: but there to end
-Where he was to begin and give away
-The benefit of our levies, answering us
-With our own charge, making a treaty where
-There was a yielding,--this admits no excuse.
-
-AUFIDIUS:
-He approaches: you shall hear him.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Hail, lords! I am return'd your soldier,
-No more infected with my country's love
-Than when I parted hence, but still subsisting
-Under your great command. You are to know
-That prosperously I have attempted and
-With bloody passage led your wars even to
-The gates of Rome. Our spoils we have brought home
-Do more than counterpoise a full third part
-The charges of the action. We have made peace
-With no less honour to the Antiates
-Than shame to the Romans: and we here deliver,
-Subscribed by the consuls and patricians,
-Together with the seal o' the senate, what
-We have compounded on.
-
-AUFIDIUS:
-Read it not, noble lords;
-But tell the traitor, in the high'st degree
-He hath abused your powers.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Traitor! how now!
-
-AUFIDIUS:
-Ay, traitor, Marcius!
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Marcius!
-
-AUFIDIUS:
-Ay, Marcius, Caius Marcius: dost thou think
-I'll grace thee with that robbery, thy stol'n name
-Coriolanus in Corioli?
-You lords and heads o' the state, perfidiously
-He has betray'd your business, and given up,
-For certain drops of salt, your city Rome,
-I say 'your city,' to his wife and mother;
-Breaking his oath and resolution like
-A twist of rotten silk, never admitting
-Counsel o' the war, but at his nurse's tears
-He whined and roar'd away your victory,
-That pages blush'd at him and men of heart
-Look'd wondering each at other.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Hear'st thou, Mars?
-
-AUFIDIUS:
-Name not the god, thou boy of tears!
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Ha!
-
-AUFIDIUS:
-No more.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Measureless liar, thou hast made my heart
-Too great for what contains it. Boy! O slave!
-Pardon me, lords, 'tis the first time that ever
-I was forced to scold. Your judgments, my grave lords,
-Must give this cur the lie: and his own notion--
-Who wears my stripes impress'd upon him; that
-Must bear my beating to his grave--shall join
-To thrust the lie unto him.
-
-First Lord:
-Peace, both, and hear me speak.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-Cut me to pieces, Volsces; men and lads,
-Stain all your edges on me. Boy! false hound!
-If you have writ your annals true, 'tis there,
-That, like an eagle in a dove-cote, I
-Flutter'd your Volscians in Corioli:
-Alone I did it. Boy!
-
-AUFIDIUS:
-Why, noble lords,
-Will you be put in mind of his blind fortune,
-Which was your shame, by this unholy braggart,
-'Fore your own eyes and ears?
-
-All Conspirators:
-Let him die for't.
-
-All The People:
-'Tear him to pieces.' 'Do it presently.' 'He kill'd
-my son.' 'My daughter.' 'He killed my cousin
-Marcus.' 'He killed my father.'
-
-Second Lord:
-Peace, ho! no outrage: peace!
-The man is noble and his fame folds-in
-This orb o' the earth. His last offences to us
-Shall have judicious hearing. Stand, Aufidius,
-And trouble not the peace.
-
-CORIOLANUS:
-O that I had him,
-With six Aufidiuses, or more, his tribe,
-To use my lawful sword!
-
-AUFIDIUS:
-Insolent villain!
-
-All Conspirators:
-Kill, kill, kill, kill, kill him!
-
-Lords:
-Hold, hold, hold, hold!
-
-AUFIDIUS:
-My noble masters, hear me speak.
-
-First Lord:
-O Tullus,--
-
-Second Lord:
-Thou hast done a deed whereat valour will weep.
-
-Third Lord:
-Tread not upon him. Masters all, be quiet;
-Put up your swords.
-
-AUFIDIUS:
-My lords, when you shall know--as in this rage,
-Provoked by him, you cannot--the great danger
-Which this man's life did owe you, you'll rejoice
-That he is thus cut off. Please it your honours
-To call me to your senate, I'll deliver
-Myself your loyal servant, or endure
-Your heaviest censure.
-
-First Lord:
-Bear from hence his body;
-And mourn you for him: let him be regarded
-As the most noble corse that ever herald
-Did follow to his urn.
-
-Second Lord:
-His own impatience
-Takes from Aufidius a great part of blame.
-Let's make the best of it.
-
-AUFIDIUS:
-My rage is gone;
-And I am struck with sorrow. Take him up.
-Help, three o' the chiefest soldiers; I'll be one.
-Beat thou the drum, that it speak mournfully:
-Trail your steel pikes. Though in this city he
-Hath widow'd and unchilded many a one,
-Which to this hour bewail the injury,
-Yet he shall have a noble memory. Assist.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Now is the winter of our discontent
-Made glorious summer by this sun of York;
-And all the clouds that lour'd upon our house
-In the deep bosom of the ocean buried.
-Now are our brows bound with victorious wreaths;
-Our bruised arms hung up for monuments;
-Our stern alarums changed to merry meetings,
-Our dreadful marches to delightful measures.
-Grim-visaged war hath smooth'd his wrinkled front;
-And now, instead of mounting barded steeds
-To fright the souls of fearful adversaries,
-He capers nimbly in a lady's chamber
-To the lascivious pleasing of a lute.
-But I, that am not shaped for sportive tricks,
-Nor made to court an amorous looking-glass;
-I, that am rudely stamp'd, and want love's majesty
-To strut before a wanton ambling nymph;
-I, that am curtail'd of this fair proportion,
-Cheated of feature by dissembling nature,
-Deformed, unfinish'd, sent before my time
-Into this breathing world, scarce half made up,
-And that so lamely and unfashionable
-That dogs bark at me as I halt by them;
-Why, I, in this weak piping time of peace,
-Have no delight to pass away the time,
-Unless to spy my shadow in the sun
-And descant on mine own deformity:
-And therefore, since I cannot prove a lover,
-To entertain these fair well-spoken days,
-I am determined to prove a villain
-And hate the idle pleasures of these days.
-Plots have I laid, inductions dangerous,
-By drunken prophecies, libels and dreams,
-To set my brother Clarence and the king
-In deadly hate the one against the other:
-And if King Edward be as true and just
-As I am subtle, false and treacherous,
-This day should Clarence closely be mew'd up,
-About a prophecy, which says that 'G'
-Of Edward's heirs the murderer shall be.
-Dive, thoughts, down to my soul: here
-Clarence comes.
-Brother, good day; what means this armed guard
-That waits upon your grace?
-
-CLARENCE:
-His majesty
-Tendering my person's safety, hath appointed
-This conduct to convey me to the Tower.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Upon what cause?
-
-CLARENCE:
-Because my name is George.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Alack, my lord, that fault is none of yours;
-He should, for that, commit your godfathers:
-O, belike his majesty hath some intent
-That you shall be new-christen'd in the Tower.
-But what's the matter, Clarence? may I know?
-
-CLARENCE:
-Yea, Richard, when I know; for I protest
-As yet I do not: but, as I can learn,
-He hearkens after prophecies and dreams;
-And from the cross-row plucks the letter G.
-And says a wizard told him that by G
-His issue disinherited should be;
-And, for my name of George begins with G,
-It follows in his thought that I am he.
-These, as I learn, and such like toys as these
-Have moved his highness to commit me now.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Why, this it is, when men are ruled by women:
-'Tis not the king that sends you to the Tower:
-My Lady Grey his wife, Clarence, 'tis she
-That tempers him to this extremity.
-Was it not she and that good man of worship,
-Anthony Woodville, her brother there,
-That made him send Lord Hastings to the Tower,
-From whence this present day he is deliver'd?
-We are not safe, Clarence; we are not safe.
-
-CLARENCE:
-By heaven, I think there's no man is secure
-But the queen's kindred and night-walking heralds
-That trudge betwixt the king and Mistress Shore.
-Heard ye not what an humble suppliant
-Lord hastings was to her for his delivery?
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Humbly complaining to her deity
-Got my lord chamberlain his liberty.
-I'll tell you what; I think it is our way,
-If we will keep in favour with the king,
-To be her men and wear her livery:
-The jealous o'erworn widow and herself,
-Since that our brother dubb'd them gentlewomen.
-Are mighty gossips in this monarchy.
-
-BRAKENBURY:
-I beseech your graces both to pardon me;
-His majesty hath straitly given in charge
-That no man shall have private conference,
-Of what degree soever, with his brother.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Even so; an't please your worship, Brakenbury,
-You may partake of any thing we say:
-We speak no treason, man: we say the king
-Is wise and virtuous, and his noble queen
-Well struck in years, fair, and not jealous;
-We say that Shore's wife hath a pretty foot,
-A cherry lip, a bonny eye, a passing pleasing tongue;
-And that the queen's kindred are made gentle-folks:
-How say you sir? Can you deny all this?
-
-BRAKENBURY:
-With this, my lord, myself have nought to do.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Naught to do with mistress Shore! I tell thee, fellow,
-He that doth naught with her, excepting one,
-Were best he do it secretly, alone.
-
-BRAKENBURY:
-What one, my lord?
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Her husband, knave: wouldst thou betray me?
-
-BRAKENBURY:
-I beseech your grace to pardon me, and withal
-Forbear your conference with the noble duke.
-
-CLARENCE:
-We know thy charge, Brakenbury, and will obey.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-We are the queen's abjects, and must obey.
-Brother, farewell: I will unto the king;
-And whatsoever you will employ me in,
-Were it to call King Edward's widow sister,
-I will perform it to enfranchise you.
-Meantime, this deep disgrace in brotherhood
-Touches me deeper than you can imagine.
-
-CLARENCE:
-I know it pleaseth neither of us well.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Well, your imprisonment shall not be long;
-Meantime, have patience.
-
-CLARENCE:
-I must perforce. Farewell.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Go, tread the path that thou shalt ne'er return.
-Simple, plain Clarence! I do love thee so,
-That I will shortly send thy soul to heaven,
-If heaven will take the present at our hands.
-But who comes here? the new-deliver'd Hastings?
-
-HASTINGS:
-Good time of day unto my gracious lord!
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-As much unto my good lord chamberlain!
-Well are you welcome to the open air.
-How hath your lordship brook'd imprisonment?
-
-HASTINGS:
-With patience, noble lord, as prisoners must:
-But I shall live, my lord, to give them thanks
-That were the cause of my imprisonment.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-No doubt, no doubt; and so shall Clarence too;
-For they that were your enemies are his,
-And have prevail'd as much on him as you.
-
-HASTINGS:
-More pity that the eagle should be mew'd,
-While kites and buzzards prey at liberty.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-What news abroad?
-
-HASTINGS:
-No news so bad abroad as this at home;
-The King is sickly, weak and melancholy,
-And his physicians fear him mightily.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Now, by Saint Paul, this news is bad indeed.
-O, he hath kept an evil diet long,
-And overmuch consumed his royal person:
-'Tis very grievous to be thought upon.
-What, is he in his bed?
-
-HASTINGS:
-He is.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Go you before, and I will follow you.
-He cannot live, I hope; and must not die
-Till George be pack'd with post-horse up to heaven.
-I'll in, to urge his hatred more to Clarence,
-With lies well steel'd with weighty arguments;
-And, if I fall not in my deep intent,
-Clarence hath not another day to live:
-Which done, God take King Edward to his mercy,
-And leave the world for me to bustle in!
-For then I'll marry Warwick's youngest daughter.
-What though I kill'd her husband and her father?
-The readiest way to make the wench amends
-Is to become her husband and her father:
-The which will I; not all so much for love
-As for another secret close intent,
-By marrying her which I must reach unto.
-But yet I run before my horse to market:
-Clarence still breathes; Edward still lives and reigns:
-When they are gone, then must I count my gains.
-
-LADY ANNE:
-Set down, set down your honourable load,
-If honour may be shrouded in a hearse,
-Whilst I awhile obsequiously lament
-The untimely fall of virtuous Lancaster.
-Poor key-cold figure of a holy king!
-Pale ashes of the house of Lancaster!
-Thou bloodless remnant of that royal blood!
-Be it lawful that I invocate thy ghost,
-To hear the lamentations of Poor Anne,
-Wife to thy Edward, to thy slaughter'd son,
-Stabb'd by the selfsame hand that made these wounds!
-Lo, in these windows that let forth thy life,
-I pour the helpless balm of my poor eyes.
-Cursed be the hand that made these fatal holes!
-Cursed be the heart that had the heart to do it!
-Cursed the blood that let this blood from hence!
-More direful hap betide that hated wretch,
-That makes us wretched by the death of thee,
-Than I can wish to adders, spiders, toads,
-Or any creeping venom'd thing that lives!
-If ever he have child, abortive be it,
-Prodigious, and untimely brought to light,
-Whose ugly and unnatural aspect
-May fright the hopeful mother at the view;
-And that be heir to his unhappiness!
-If ever he have wife, let her he made
-A miserable by the death of him
-As I am made by my poor lord and thee!
-Come, now towards Chertsey with your holy load,
-Taken from Paul's to be interred there;
-And still, as you are weary of the weight,
-Rest you, whiles I lament King Henry's corse.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Stay, you that bear the corse, and set it down.
-
-LADY ANNE:
-What black magician conjures up this fiend,
-To stop devoted charitable deeds?
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Villains, set down the corse; or, by Saint Paul,
-I'll make a corse of him that disobeys.
-
-Gentleman:
-My lord, stand back, and let the coffin pass.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Unmanner'd dog! stand thou, when I command:
-Advance thy halbert higher than my breast,
-Or, by Saint Paul, I'll strike thee to my foot,
-And spurn upon thee, beggar, for thy boldness.
-
-LADY ANNE:
-What, do you tremble? are you all afraid?
-Alas, I blame you not; for you are mortal,
-And mortal eyes cannot endure the devil.
-Avaunt, thou dreadful minister of hell!
-Thou hadst but power over his mortal body,
-His soul thou canst not have; therefore be gone.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Sweet saint, for charity, be not so curst.
-
-LADY ANNE:
-Foul devil, for God's sake, hence, and trouble us not;
-For thou hast made the happy earth thy hell,
-Fill'd it with cursing cries and deep exclaims.
-If thou delight to view thy heinous deeds,
-Behold this pattern of thy butcheries.
-O, gentlemen, see, see! dead Henry's wounds
-Open their congeal'd mouths and bleed afresh!
-Blush, Blush, thou lump of foul deformity;
-For 'tis thy presence that exhales this blood
-From cold and empty veins, where no blood dwells;
-Thy deed, inhuman and unnatural,
-Provokes this deluge most unnatural.
-O God, which this blood madest, revenge his death!
-O earth, which this blood drink'st revenge his death!
-Either heaven with lightning strike the
-murderer dead,
-Or earth, gape open wide and eat him quick,
-As thou dost swallow up this good king's blood
-Which his hell-govern'd arm hath butchered!
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Lady, you know no rules of charity,
-Which renders good for bad, blessings for curses.
-
-LADY ANNE:
-Villain, thou know'st no law of God nor man:
-No beast so fierce but knows some touch of pity.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-But I know none, and therefore am no beast.
-
-LADY ANNE:
-O wonderful, when devils tell the truth!
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-More wonderful, when angels are so angry.
-Vouchsafe, divine perfection of a woman,
-Of these supposed-evils, to give me leave,
-By circumstance, but to acquit myself.
-
-LADY ANNE:
-Vouchsafe, defused infection of a man,
-For these known evils, but to give me leave,
-By circumstance, to curse thy cursed self.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Fairer than tongue can name thee, let me have
-Some patient leisure to excuse myself.
-
-LADY ANNE:
-Fouler than heart can think thee, thou canst make
-No excuse current, but to hang thyself.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-By such despair, I should accuse myself.
-
-LADY ANNE:
-And, by despairing, shouldst thou stand excused;
-For doing worthy vengeance on thyself,
-Which didst unworthy slaughter upon others.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Say that I slew them not?
-
-LADY ANNE:
-Why, then they are not dead:
-But dead they are, and devilish slave, by thee.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-I did not kill your husband.
-
-LADY ANNE:
-Why, then he is alive.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Nay, he is dead; and slain by Edward's hand.
-
-LADY ANNE:
-In thy foul throat thou liest: Queen Margaret saw
-Thy murderous falchion smoking in his blood;
-The which thou once didst bend against her breast,
-But that thy brothers beat aside the point.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-I was provoked by her slanderous tongue,
-which laid their guilt upon my guiltless shoulders.
-
-LADY ANNE:
-Thou wast provoked by thy bloody mind.
-Which never dreamt on aught but butcheries:
-Didst thou not kill this king?
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-I grant ye.
-
-LADY ANNE:
-Dost grant me, hedgehog? then, God grant me too
-Thou mayst be damned for that wicked deed!
-O, he was gentle, mild, and virtuous!
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-The fitter for the King of heaven, that hath him.
-
-LADY ANNE:
-He is in heaven, where thou shalt never come.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Let him thank me, that holp to send him thither;
-For he was fitter for that place than earth.
-
-LADY ANNE:
-And thou unfit for any place but hell.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Yes, one place else, if you will hear me name it.
-
-LADY ANNE:
-Some dungeon.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Your bed-chamber.
-
-LADY ANNE:
-I'll rest betide the chamber where thou liest!
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-So will it, madam till I lie with you.
-
-LADY ANNE:
-I hope so.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-I know so. But, gentle Lady Anne,
-To leave this keen encounter of our wits,
-And fall somewhat into a slower method,
-Is not the causer of the timeless deaths
-Of these Plantagenets, Henry and Edward,
-As blameful as the executioner?
-
-LADY ANNE:
-Thou art the cause, and most accursed effect.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Your beauty was the cause of that effect;
-Your beauty: which did haunt me in my sleep
-To undertake the death of all the world,
-So I might live one hour in your sweet bosom.
-
-LADY ANNE:
-If I thought that, I tell thee, homicide,
-These nails should rend that beauty from my cheeks.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-These eyes could never endure sweet beauty's wreck;
-You should not blemish it, if I stood by:
-As all the world is cheered by the sun,
-So I by that; it is my day, my life.
-
-LADY ANNE:
-Black night o'ershade thy day, and death thy life!
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Curse not thyself, fair creature thou art both.
-
-LADY ANNE:
-I would I were, to be revenged on thee.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-It is a quarrel most unnatural,
-To be revenged on him that loveth you.
-
-LADY ANNE:
-It is a quarrel just and reasonable,
-To be revenged on him that slew my husband.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-He that bereft thee, lady, of thy husband,
-Did it to help thee to a better husband.
-
-LADY ANNE:
-His better doth not breathe upon the earth.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-He lives that loves thee better than he could.
-
-LADY ANNE:
-Name him.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Plantagenet.
-
-LADY ANNE:
-Why, that was he.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-The selfsame name, but one of better nature.
-
-LADY ANNE:
-Where is he?
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Here.
-Why dost thou spit at me?
-
-LADY ANNE:
-Would it were mortal poison, for thy sake!
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Never came poison from so sweet a place.
-
-LADY ANNE:
-Never hung poison on a fouler toad.
-Out of my sight! thou dost infect my eyes.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Thine eyes, sweet lady, have infected mine.
-
-LADY ANNE:
-Would they were basilisks, to strike thee dead!
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-I would they were, that I might die at once;
-For now they kill me with a living death.
-Those eyes of thine from mine have drawn salt tears,
-Shamed their aspect with store of childish drops:
-These eyes that never shed remorseful tear,
-No, when my father York and Edward wept,
-To hear the piteous moan that Rutland made
-When black-faced Clifford shook his sword at him;
-Nor when thy warlike father, like a child,
-Told the sad story of my father's death,
-And twenty times made pause to sob and weep,
-That all the standers-by had wet their cheeks
-Like trees bedash'd with rain: in that sad time
-My manly eyes did scorn an humble tear;
-And what these sorrows could not thence exhale,
-Thy beauty hath, and made them blind with weeping.
-I never sued to friend nor enemy;
-My tongue could never learn sweet smoothing word;
-But now thy beauty is proposed my fee,
-My proud heart sues, and prompts my tongue to speak.
-Teach not thy lips such scorn, for they were made
-For kissing, lady, not for such contempt.
-If thy revengeful heart cannot forgive,
-Lo, here I lend thee this sharp-pointed sword;
-Which if thou please to hide in this true bosom.
-And let the soul forth that adoreth thee,
-I lay it naked to the deadly stroke,
-And humbly beg the death upon my knee.
-Nay, do not pause; for I did kill King Henry,
-But 'twas thy beauty that provoked me.
-Nay, now dispatch; 'twas I that stabb'd young Edward,
-But 'twas thy heavenly face that set me on.
-Take up the sword again, or take up me.
-
-LADY ANNE:
-Arise, dissembler: though I wish thy death,
-I will not be the executioner.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Then bid me kill myself, and I will do it.
-
-LADY ANNE:
-I have already.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Tush, that was in thy rage:
-Speak it again, and, even with the word,
-That hand, which, for thy love, did kill thy love,
-Shall, for thy love, kill a far truer love;
-To both their deaths thou shalt be accessary.
-
-LADY ANNE:
-I would I knew thy heart.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-'Tis figured in my tongue.
-
-LADY ANNE:
-I fear me both are false.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Then never man was true.
-
-LADY ANNE:
-Well, well, put up your sword.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Say, then, my peace is made.
-
-LADY ANNE:
-That shall you know hereafter.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-But shall I live in hope?
-
-LADY ANNE:
-All men, I hope, live so.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Vouchsafe to wear this ring.
-
-LADY ANNE:
-To take is not to give.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Look, how this ring encompasseth finger.
-Even so thy breast encloseth my poor heart;
-Wear both of them, for both of them are thine.
-And if thy poor devoted suppliant may
-But beg one favour at thy gracious hand,
-Thou dost confirm his happiness for ever.
-
-LADY ANNE:
-What is it?
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-That it would please thee leave these sad designs
-To him that hath more cause to be a mourner,
-And presently repair to Crosby Place;
-Where, after I have solemnly interr'd
-At Chertsey monastery this noble king,
-And wet his grave with my repentant tears,
-I will with all expedient duty see you:
-For divers unknown reasons. I beseech you,
-Grant me this boon.
-
-LADY ANNE:
-With all my heart; and much it joys me too,
-To see you are become so penitent.
-Tressel and Berkeley, go along with me.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Bid me farewell.
-
-LADY ANNE:
-'Tis more than you deserve;
-But since you teach me how to flatter you,
-Imagine I have said farewell already.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Sirs, take up the corse.
-
-GENTLEMEN:
-Towards Chertsey, noble lord?
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-No, to White-Friars; there attend my coining.
-Was ever woman in this humour woo'd?
-Was ever woman in this humour won?
-I'll have her; but I will not keep her long.
-What! I, that kill'd her husband and his father,
-To take her in her heart's extremest hate,
-With curses in her mouth, tears in her eyes,
-The bleeding witness of her hatred by;
-Having God, her conscience, and these bars
-against me,
-And I nothing to back my suit at all,
-But the plain devil and dissembling looks,
-And yet to win her, all the world to nothing!
-Ha!
-Hath she forgot already that brave prince,
-Edward, her lord, whom I, some three months since,
-Stabb'd in my angry mood at Tewksbury?
-A sweeter and a lovelier gentleman,
-Framed in the prodigality of nature,
-Young, valiant, wise, and, no doubt, right royal,
-The spacious world cannot again afford
-And will she yet debase her eyes on me,
-That cropp'd the golden prime of this sweet prince,
-And made her widow to a woful bed?
-On me, whose all not equals Edward's moiety?
-On me, that halt and am unshapen thus?
-My dukedom to a beggarly denier,
-I do mistake my person all this while:
-Upon my life, she finds, although I cannot,
-Myself to be a marvellous proper man.
-I'll be at charges for a looking-glass,
-And entertain some score or two of tailors,
-To study fashions to adorn my body:
-Since I am crept in favour with myself,
-Will maintain it with some little cost.
-But first I'll turn yon fellow in his grave;
-And then return lamenting to my love.
-Shine out, fair sun, till I have bought a glass,
-That I may see my shadow as I pass.
-
-RIVERS:
-Have patience, madam: there's no doubt his majesty
-Will soon recover his accustom'd health.
-
-GREY:
-In that you brook it in, it makes him worse:
-Therefore, for God's sake, entertain good comfort,
-And cheer his grace with quick and merry words.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-If he were dead, what would betide of me?
-
-RIVERS:
-No other harm but loss of such a lord.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-The loss of such a lord includes all harm.
-
-GREY:
-The heavens have bless'd you with a goodly son,
-To be your comforter when he is gone.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-Oh, he is young and his minority
-Is put unto the trust of Richard Gloucester,
-A man that loves not me, nor none of you.
-
-RIVERS:
-Is it concluded that he shall be protector?
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-It is determined, not concluded yet:
-But so it must be, if the king miscarry.
-
-GREY:
-Here come the lords of Buckingham and Derby.
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-Good time of day unto your royal grace!
-
-DERBY:
-God make your majesty joyful as you have been!
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-The Countess Richmond, good my Lord of Derby.
-To your good prayers will scarcely say amen.
-Yet, Derby, notwithstanding she's your wife,
-And loves not me, be you, good lord, assured
-I hate not you for her proud arrogance.
-
-DERBY:
-I do beseech you, either not believe
-The envious slanders of her false accusers;
-Or, if she be accused in true report,
-Bear with her weakness, which, I think proceeds
-From wayward sickness, and no grounded malice.
-
-RIVERS:
-Saw you the king to-day, my Lord of Derby?
-
-DERBY:
-But now the Duke of Buckingham and I
-Are come from visiting his majesty.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-What likelihood of his amendment, lords?
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-Madam, good hope; his grace speaks cheerfully.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-God grant him health! Did you confer with him?
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-Madam, we did: he desires to make atonement
-Betwixt the Duke of Gloucester and your brothers,
-And betwixt them and my lord chamberlain;
-And sent to warn them to his royal presence.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-Would all were well! but that will never be
-I fear our happiness is at the highest.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-They do me wrong, and I will not endure it:
-Who are they that complain unto the king,
-That I, forsooth, am stern, and love them not?
-By holy Paul, they love his grace but lightly
-That fill his ears with such dissentious rumours.
-Because I cannot flatter and speak fair,
-Smile in men's faces, smooth, deceive and cog,
-Duck with French nods and apish courtesy,
-I must be held a rancorous enemy.
-Cannot a plain man live and think no harm,
-But thus his simple truth must be abused
-By silken, sly, insinuating Jacks?
-
-RIVERS:
-To whom in all this presence speaks your grace?
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-To thee, that hast nor honesty nor grace.
-When have I injured thee? when done thee wrong?
-Or thee? or thee? or any of your faction?
-A plague upon you all! His royal person,--
-Whom God preserve better than you would wish!--
-Cannot be quiet scarce a breathing-while,
-But you must trouble him with lewd complaints.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-Brother of Gloucester, you mistake the matter.
-The king, of his own royal disposition,
-And not provoked by any suitor else;
-Aiming, belike, at your interior hatred,
-Which in your outward actions shows itself
-Against my kindred, brothers, and myself,
-Makes him to send; that thereby he may gather
-The ground of your ill-will, and so remove it.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-I cannot tell: the world is grown so bad,
-That wrens make prey where eagles dare not perch:
-Since every Jack became a gentleman
-There's many a gentle person made a Jack.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-Come, come, we know your meaning, brother
-Gloucester;
-You envy my advancement and my friends':
-God grant we never may have need of you!
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Meantime, God grants that we have need of you:
-Your brother is imprison'd by your means,
-Myself disgraced, and the nobility
-Held in contempt; whilst many fair promotions
-Are daily given to ennoble those
-That scarce, some two days since, were worth a noble.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-By Him that raised me to this careful height
-From that contented hap which I enjoy'd,
-I never did incense his majesty
-Against the Duke of Clarence, but have been
-An earnest advocate to plead for him.
-My lord, you do me shameful injury,
-Falsely to draw me in these vile suspects.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-You may deny that you were not the cause
-Of my Lord Hastings' late imprisonment.
-
-RIVERS:
-She may, my lord, for--
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-She may, Lord Rivers! why, who knows not so?
-She may do more, sir, than denying that:
-She may help you to many fair preferments,
-And then deny her aiding hand therein,
-And lay those honours on your high deserts.
-What may she not? She may, yea, marry, may she--
-
-RIVERS:
-What, marry, may she?
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-What, marry, may she! marry with a king,
-A bachelor, a handsome stripling too:
-I wis your grandam had a worser match.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-My Lord of Gloucester, I have too long borne
-Your blunt upbraidings and your bitter scoffs:
-By heaven, I will acquaint his majesty
-With those gross taunts I often have endured.
-I had rather be a country servant-maid
-Than a great queen, with this condition,
-To be thus taunted, scorn'd, and baited at:
-Small joy have I in being England's queen.
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-And lessen'd be that small, God, I beseech thee!
-Thy honour, state and seat is due to me.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-What! threat you me with telling of the king?
-Tell him, and spare not: look, what I have said
-I will avouch in presence of the king:
-I dare adventure to be sent to the Tower.
-'Tis time to speak; my pains are quite forgot.
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-Out, devil! I remember them too well:
-Thou slewest my husband Henry in the Tower,
-And Edward, my poor son, at Tewksbury.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Ere you were queen, yea, or your husband king,
-I was a pack-horse in his great affairs;
-A weeder-out of his proud adversaries,
-A liberal rewarder of his friends:
-To royalize his blood I spilt mine own.
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-Yea, and much better blood than his or thine.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-In all which time you and your husband Grey
-Were factious for the house of Lancaster;
-And, Rivers, so were you. Was not your husband
-In Margaret's battle at Saint Alban's slain?
-Let me put in your minds, if you forget,
-What you have been ere now, and what you are;
-Withal, what I have been, and what I am.
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-A murderous villain, and so still thou art.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Poor Clarence did forsake his father, Warwick;
-Yea, and forswore himself,--which Jesu pardon!--
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-Which God revenge!
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-To fight on Edward's party for the crown;
-And for his meed, poor lord, he is mew'd up.
-I would to God my heart were flint, like Edward's;
-Or Edward's soft and pitiful, like mine
-I am too childish-foolish for this world.
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-Hie thee to hell for shame, and leave the world,
-Thou cacodemon! there thy kingdom is.
-
-RIVERS:
-My Lord of Gloucester, in those busy days
-Which here you urge to prove us enemies,
-We follow'd then our lord, our lawful king:
-So should we you, if you should be our king.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-If I should be! I had rather be a pedlar:
-Far be it from my heart, the thought of it!
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-As little joy, my lord, as you suppose
-You should enjoy, were you this country's king,
-As little joy may you suppose in me.
-That I enjoy, being the queen thereof.
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-A little joy enjoys the queen thereof;
-For I am she, and altogether joyless.
-I can no longer hold me patient.
-Hear me, you wrangling pirates, that fall out
-In sharing that which you have pill'd from me!
-Which of you trembles not that looks on me?
-If not, that, I being queen, you bow like subjects,
-Yet that, by you deposed, you quake like rebels?
-O gentle villain, do not turn away!
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Foul wrinkled witch, what makest thou in my sight?
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-But repetition of what thou hast marr'd;
-That will I make before I let thee go.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Wert thou not banished on pain of death?
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-I was; but I do find more pain in banishment
-Than death can yield me here by my abode.
-A husband and a son thou owest to me;
-And thou a kingdom; all of you allegiance:
-The sorrow that I have, by right is yours,
-And all the pleasures you usurp are mine.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-The curse my noble father laid on thee,
-When thou didst crown his warlike brows with paper
-And with thy scorns drew'st rivers from his eyes,
-And then, to dry them, gavest the duke a clout
-Steep'd in the faultless blood of pretty Rutland--
-His curses, then from bitterness of soul
-Denounced against thee, are all fall'n upon thee;
-And God, not we, hath plagued thy bloody deed.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-So just is God, to right the innocent.
-
-HASTINGS:
-O, 'twas the foulest deed to slay that babe,
-And the most merciless that e'er was heard of!
-
-RIVERS:
-Tyrants themselves wept when it was reported.
-
-DORSET:
-No man but prophesied revenge for it.
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-Northumberland, then present, wept to see it.
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-What were you snarling all before I came,
-Ready to catch each other by the throat,
-And turn you all your hatred now on me?
-Did York's dread curse prevail so much with heaven?
-That Henry's death, my lovely Edward's death,
-Their kingdom's loss, my woful banishment,
-Could all but answer for that peevish brat?
-Can curses pierce the clouds and enter heaven?
-Why, then, give way, dull clouds, to my quick curses!
-If not by war, by surfeit die your king,
-As ours by murder, to make him a king!
-Edward thy son, which now is Prince of Wales,
-For Edward my son, which was Prince of Wales,
-Die in his youth by like untimely violence!
-Thyself a queen, for me that was a queen,
-Outlive thy glory, like my wretched self!
-Long mayst thou live to wail thy children's loss;
-And see another, as I see thee now,
-Deck'd in thy rights, as thou art stall'd in mine!
-Long die thy happy days before thy death;
-And, after many lengthen'd hours of grief,
-Die neither mother, wife, nor England's queen!
-Rivers and Dorset, you were standers by,
-And so wast thou, Lord Hastings, when my son
-Was stabb'd with bloody daggers: God, I pray him,
-That none of you may live your natural age,
-But by some unlook'd accident cut off!
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Have done thy charm, thou hateful wither'd hag!
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-And leave out thee? stay, dog, for thou shalt hear me.
-If heaven have any grievous plague in store
-Exceeding those that I can wish upon thee,
-O, let them keep it till thy sins be ripe,
-And then hurl down their indignation
-On thee, the troubler of the poor world's peace!
-The worm of conscience still begnaw thy soul!
-Thy friends suspect for traitors while thou livest,
-And take deep traitors for thy dearest friends!
-No sleep close up that deadly eye of thine,
-Unless it be whilst some tormenting dream
-Affrights thee with a hell of ugly devils!
-Thou elvish-mark'd, abortive, rooting hog!
-Thou that wast seal'd in thy nativity
-The slave of nature and the son of hell!
-Thou slander of thy mother's heavy womb!
-Thou loathed issue of thy father's loins!
-Thou rag of honour! thou detested--
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Margaret.
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-Richard!
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Ha!
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-I call thee not.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-I cry thee mercy then, for I had thought
-That thou hadst call'd me all these bitter names.
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-Why, so I did; but look'd for no reply.
-O, let me make the period to my curse!
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-'Tis done by me, and ends in 'Margaret.'
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-Thus have you breathed your curse against yourself.
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-Poor painted queen, vain flourish of my fortune!
-Why strew'st thou sugar on that bottled spider,
-Whose deadly web ensnareth thee about?
-Fool, fool! thou whet'st a knife to kill thyself.
-The time will come when thou shalt wish for me
-To help thee curse that poisonous bunchback'd toad.
-
-HASTINGS:
-False-boding woman, end thy frantic curse,
-Lest to thy harm thou move our patience.
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-Foul shame upon you! you have all moved mine.
-
-RIVERS:
-Were you well served, you would be taught your duty.
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-To serve me well, you all should do me duty,
-Teach me to be your queen, and you my subjects:
-O, serve me well, and teach yourselves that duty!
-
-DORSET:
-Dispute not with her; she is lunatic.
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-Peace, master marquess, you are malapert:
-Your fire-new stamp of honour is scarce current.
-O, that your young nobility could judge
-What 'twere to lose it, and be miserable!
-They that stand high have many blasts to shake them;
-And if they fall, they dash themselves to pieces.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Good counsel, marry: learn it, learn it, marquess.
-
-DORSET:
-It toucheth you, my lord, as much as me.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Yea, and much more: but I was born so high,
-Our aery buildeth in the cedar's top,
-And dallies with the wind and scorns the sun.
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-And turns the sun to shade; alas! alas!
-Witness my son, now in the shade of death;
-Whose bright out-shining beams thy cloudy wrath
-Hath in eternal darkness folded up.
-Your aery buildeth in our aery's nest.
-O God, that seest it, do not suffer it!
-As it was won with blood, lost be it so!
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-Have done! for shame, if not for charity.
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-Urge neither charity nor shame to me:
-Uncharitably with me have you dealt,
-And shamefully by you my hopes are butcher'd.
-My charity is outrage, life my shame
-And in that shame still live my sorrow's rage.
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-Have done, have done.
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-O princely Buckingham I'll kiss thy hand,
-In sign of league and amity with thee:
-Now fair befal thee and thy noble house!
-Thy garments are not spotted with our blood,
-Nor thou within the compass of my curse.
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-Nor no one here; for curses never pass
-The lips of those that breathe them in the air.
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-I'll not believe but they ascend the sky,
-And there awake God's gentle-sleeping peace.
-O Buckingham, take heed of yonder dog!
-Look, when he fawns, he bites; and when he bites,
-His venom tooth will rankle to the death:
-Have not to do with him, beware of him;
-Sin, death, and hell have set their marks on him,
-And all their ministers attend on him.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-What doth she say, my Lord of Buckingham?
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-Nothing that I respect, my gracious lord.
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-What, dost thou scorn me for my gentle counsel?
-And soothe the devil that I warn thee from?
-O, but remember this another day,
-When he shall split thy very heart with sorrow,
-And say poor Margaret was a prophetess!
-Live each of you the subjects to his hate,
-And he to yours, and all of you to God's!
-
-HASTINGS:
-My hair doth stand on end to hear her curses.
-
-RIVERS:
-And so doth mine: I muse why she's at liberty.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-I cannot blame her: by God's holy mother,
-She hath had too much wrong; and I repent
-My part thereof that I have done to her.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-I never did her any, to my knowledge.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-But you have all the vantage of her wrong.
-I was too hot to do somebody good,
-That is too cold in thinking of it now.
-Marry, as for Clarence, he is well repaid,
-He is frank'd up to fatting for his pains
-God pardon them that are the cause of it!
-
-RIVERS:
-A virtuous and a Christian-like conclusion,
-To pray for them that have done scathe to us.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-So do I ever:
-being well-advised.
-For had I cursed now, I had cursed myself.
-
-CATESBY:
-Madam, his majesty doth call for you,
-And for your grace; and you, my noble lords.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-Catesby, we come. Lords, will you go with us?
-
-RIVERS:
-Madam, we will attend your grace.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-I do the wrong, and first begin to brawl.
-The secret mischiefs that I set abroach
-I lay unto the grievous charge of others.
-Clarence, whom I, indeed, have laid in darkness,
-I do beweep to many simple gulls
-Namely, to Hastings, Derby, Buckingham;
-And say it is the queen and her allies
-That stir the king against the duke my brother.
-Now, they believe it; and withal whet me
-To be revenged on Rivers, Vaughan, Grey:
-But then I sigh; and, with a piece of scripture,
-Tell them that God bids us do good for evil:
-And thus I clothe my naked villany
-With old odd ends stolen out of holy writ;
-And seem a saint, when most I play the devil.
-But, soft! here come my executioners.
-How now, my hardy, stout resolved mates!
-Are you now going to dispatch this deed?
-
-First Murderer:
-We are, my lord; and come to have the warrant
-That we may be admitted where he is.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Well thought upon; I have it here about me.
-When you have done, repair to Crosby Place.
-But, sirs, be sudden in the execution,
-Withal obdurate, do not hear him plead;
-For Clarence is well-spoken, and perhaps
-May move your hearts to pity if you mark him.
-
-First Murderer:
-Tush!
-Fear not, my lord, we will not stand to prate;
-Talkers are no good doers: be assured
-We come to use our hands and not our tongues.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Your eyes drop millstones, when fools' eyes drop tears:
-I like you, lads; about your business straight;
-Go, go, dispatch.
-
-First Murderer:
-We will, my noble lord.
-
-BRAKENBURY:
-Why looks your grace so heavily today?
-
-CLARENCE:
-O, I have pass'd a miserable night,
-So full of ugly sights, of ghastly dreams,
-That, as I am a Christian faithful man,
-I would not spend another such a night,
-Though 'twere to buy a world of happy days,
-So full of dismal terror was the time!
-
-BRAKENBURY:
-What was your dream? I long to hear you tell it.
-
-CLARENCE:
-Methoughts that I had broken from the Tower,
-And was embark'd to cross to Burgundy;
-And, in my company, my brother Gloucester;
-Who from my cabin tempted me to walk
-Upon the hatches: thence we looked toward England,
-And cited up a thousand fearful times,
-During the wars of York and Lancaster
-That had befall'n us. As we paced along
-Upon the giddy footing of the hatches,
-Methought that Gloucester stumbled; and, in falling,
-Struck me, that thought to stay him, overboard,
-Into the tumbling billows of the main.
-Lord, Lord! methought, what pain it was to drown!
-What dreadful noise of waters in mine ears!
-What ugly sights of death within mine eyes!
-Methought I saw a thousand fearful wrecks;
-Ten thousand men that fishes gnaw'd upon;
-Wedges of gold, great anchors, heaps of pearl,
-Inestimable stones, unvalued jewels,
-All scatter'd in the bottom of the sea:
-Some lay in dead men's skulls; and, in those holes
-Where eyes did once inhabit, there were crept,
-As 'twere in scorn of eyes, reflecting gems,
-Which woo'd the slimy bottom of the deep,
-And mock'd the dead bones that lay scatter'd by.
-
-BRAKENBURY:
-Had you such leisure in the time of death
-To gaze upon the secrets of the deep?
-
-CLARENCE:
-Methought I had; and often did I strive
-To yield the ghost: but still the envious flood
-Kept in my soul, and would not let it forth
-To seek the empty, vast and wandering air;
-But smother'd it within my panting bulk,
-Which almost burst to belch it in the sea.
-
-BRAKENBURY:
-Awaked you not with this sore agony?
-
-CLARENCE:
-O, no, my dream was lengthen'd after life;
-O, then began the tempest to my soul,
-Who pass'd, methought, the melancholy flood,
-With that grim ferryman which poets write of,
-Unto the kingdom of perpetual night.
-The first that there did greet my stranger soul,
-Was my great father-in-law, renowned Warwick;
-Who cried aloud, 'What scourge for perjury
-Can this dark monarchy afford false Clarence?'
-And so he vanish'd: then came wandering by
-A shadow like an angel, with bright hair
-Dabbled in blood; and he squeak'd out aloud,
-'Clarence is come; false, fleeting, perjured Clarence,
-That stabb'd me in the field by Tewksbury;
-Seize on him, Furies, take him to your torments!'
-With that, methoughts, a legion of foul fiends
-Environ'd me about, and howled in mine ears
-Such hideous cries, that with the very noise
-I trembling waked, and for a season after
-Could not believe but that I was in hell,
-Such terrible impression made the dream.
-
-BRAKENBURY:
-No marvel, my lord, though it affrighted you;
-I promise, I am afraid to hear you tell it.
-
-CLARENCE:
-O Brakenbury, I have done those things,
-Which now bear evidence against my soul,
-For Edward's sake; and see how he requites me!
-O God! if my deep prayers cannot appease thee,
-But thou wilt be avenged on my misdeeds,
-Yet execute thy wrath in me alone,
-O, spare my guiltless wife and my poor children!
-I pray thee, gentle keeper, stay by me;
-My soul is heavy, and I fain would sleep.
-
-BRAKENBURY:
-I will, my lord: God give your grace good rest!
-Sorrow breaks seasons and reposing hours,
-Makes the night morning, and the noon-tide night.
-Princes have but their tides for their glories,
-An outward honour for an inward toil;
-And, for unfelt imagination,
-They often feel a world of restless cares:
-So that, betwixt their tides and low names,
-There's nothing differs but the outward fame.
-
-First Murderer:
-Ho! who's here?
-
-BRAKENBURY:
-In God's name what are you, and how came you hither?
-
-First Murderer:
-I would speak with Clarence, and I came hither on my legs.
-
-BRAKENBURY:
-Yea, are you so brief?
-
-Second Murderer:
-O sir, it is better to be brief than tedious. Show
-him our commission; talk no more.
-
-BRAKENBURY:
-I am, in this, commanded to deliver
-The noble Duke of Clarence to your hands:
-I will not reason what is meant hereby,
-Because I will be guiltless of the meaning.
-Here are the keys, there sits the duke asleep:
-I'll to the king; and signify to him
-That thus I have resign'd my charge to you.
-
-First Murderer:
-Do so, it is a point of wisdom: fare you well.
-
-Second Murderer:
-What, shall we stab him as he sleeps?
-
-First Murderer:
-No; then he will say 'twas done cowardly, when he wakes.
-
-Second Murderer:
-When he wakes! why, fool, he shall never wake till
-the judgment-day.
-
-First Murderer:
-Why, then he will say we stabbed him sleeping.
-
-Second Murderer:
-The urging of that word 'judgment' hath bred a kind
-of remorse in me.
-
-First Murderer:
-What, art thou afraid?
-
-Second Murderer:
-Not to kill him, having a warrant for it; but to be
-damned for killing him, from which no warrant can defend us.
-
-First Murderer:
-I thought thou hadst been resolute.
-
-Second Murderer:
-So I am, to let him live.
-
-First Murderer:
-Back to the Duke of Gloucester, tell him so.
-
-Second Murderer:
-I pray thee, stay a while: I hope my holy humour
-will change; 'twas wont to hold me but while one
-would tell twenty.
-
-First Murderer:
-How dost thou feel thyself now?
-
-Second Murderer:
-'Faith, some certain dregs of conscience are yet
-within me.
-
-First Murderer:
-Remember our reward, when the deed is done.
-
-Second Murderer:
-'Zounds, he dies: I had forgot the reward.
-
-First Murderer:
-Where is thy conscience now?
-
-Second Murderer:
-In the Duke of Gloucester's purse.
-
-First Murderer:
-So when he opens his purse to give us our reward,
-thy conscience flies out.
-
-Second Murderer:
-Let it go; there's few or none will entertain it.
-
-First Murderer:
-How if it come to thee again?
-
-Second Murderer:
-I'll not meddle with it: it is a dangerous thing: it
-makes a man a coward: a man cannot steal, but it
-accuseth him; he cannot swear, but it cheques him;
-he cannot lie with his neighbour's wife, but it
-detects him: 'tis a blushing shamefast spirit that
-mutinies in a man's bosom; it fills one full of
-obstacles: it made me once restore a purse of gold
-that I found; it beggars any man that keeps it: it
-is turned out of all towns and cities for a
-dangerous thing; and every man that means to live
-well endeavours to trust to himself and to live
-without it.
-
-First Murderer:
-'Zounds, it is even now at my elbow, persuading me
-not to kill the duke.
-
-Second Murderer:
-Take the devil in thy mind, and relieve him not: he
-would insinuate with thee but to make thee sigh.
-
-First Murderer:
-Tut, I am strong-framed, he cannot prevail with me,
-I warrant thee.
-
-Second Murderer:
-Spoke like a tail fellow that respects his
-reputation. Come, shall we to this gear?
-
-First Murderer:
-Take him over the costard with the hilts of thy
-sword, and then we will chop him in the malmsey-butt
-in the next room.
-
-Second Murderer:
-O excellent devise! make a sop of him.
-
-First Murderer:
-Hark! he stirs: shall I strike?
-
-Second Murderer:
-No, first let's reason with him.
-
-CLARENCE:
-Where art thou, keeper? give me a cup of wine.
-
-Second murderer:
-You shall have wine enough, my lord, anon.
-
-CLARENCE:
-In God's name, what art thou?
-
-Second Murderer:
-A man, as you are.
-
-CLARENCE:
-But not, as I am, royal.
-
-Second Murderer:
-Nor you, as we are, loyal.
-
-CLARENCE:
-Thy voice is thunder, but thy looks are humble.
-
-Second Murderer:
-My voice is now the king's, my looks mine own.
-
-CLARENCE:
-How darkly and how deadly dost thou speak!
-Your eyes do menace me: why look you pale?
-Who sent you hither? Wherefore do you come?
-
-Both:
-To, to, to--
-
-CLARENCE:
-To murder me?
-
-Both:
-Ay, ay.
-
-CLARENCE:
-You scarcely have the hearts to tell me so,
-And therefore cannot have the hearts to do it.
-Wherein, my friends, have I offended you?
-
-First Murderer:
-Offended us you have not, but the king.
-
-CLARENCE:
-I shall be reconciled to him again.
-
-Second Murderer:
-Never, my lord; therefore prepare to die.
-
-CLARENCE:
-Are you call'd forth from out a world of men
-To slay the innocent? What is my offence?
-Where are the evidence that do accuse me?
-What lawful quest have given their verdict up
-Unto the frowning judge? or who pronounced
-The bitter sentence of poor Clarence' death?
-Before I be convict by course of law,
-To threaten me with death is most unlawful.
-I charge you, as you hope to have redemption
-By Christ's dear blood shed for our grievous sins,
-That you depart and lay no hands on me
-The deed you undertake is damnable.
-
-First Murderer:
-What we will do, we do upon command.
-
-Second Murderer:
-And he that hath commanded is the king.
-
-CLARENCE:
-Erroneous vassal! the great King of kings
-Hath in the tables of his law commanded
-That thou shalt do no murder: and wilt thou, then,
-Spurn at his edict and fulfil a man's?
-Take heed; for he holds vengeance in his hands,
-To hurl upon their heads that break his law.
-
-Second Murderer:
-And that same vengeance doth he hurl on thee,
-For false forswearing and for murder too:
-Thou didst receive the holy sacrament,
-To fight in quarrel of the house of Lancaster.
-
-First Murderer:
-And, like a traitor to the name of God,
-Didst break that vow; and with thy treacherous blade
-Unrip'dst the bowels of thy sovereign's son.
-
-Second Murderer:
-Whom thou wert sworn to cherish and defend.
-
-First Murderer:
-How canst thou urge God's dreadful law to us,
-When thou hast broke it in so dear degree?
-
-CLARENCE:
-Alas! for whose sake did I that ill deed?
-For Edward, for my brother, for his sake: Why, sirs,
-He sends ye not to murder me for this
-For in this sin he is as deep as I.
-If God will be revenged for this deed.
-O, know you yet, he doth it publicly,
-Take not the quarrel from his powerful arm;
-He needs no indirect nor lawless course
-To cut off those that have offended him.
-
-First Murderer:
-Who made thee, then, a bloody minister,
-When gallant-springing brave Plantagenet,
-That princely novice, was struck dead by thee?
-
-CLARENCE:
-My brother's love, the devil, and my rage.
-
-First Murderer:
-Thy brother's love, our duty, and thy fault,
-Provoke us hither now to slaughter thee.
-
-CLARENCE:
-Oh, if you love my brother, hate not me;
-I am his brother, and I love him well.
-If you be hired for meed, go back again,
-And I will send you to my brother Gloucester,
-Who shall reward you better for my life
-Than Edward will for tidings of my death.
-
-Second Murderer:
-You are deceived, your brother Gloucester hates you.
-
-CLARENCE:
-O, no, he loves me, and he holds me dear:
-Go you to him from me.
-
-Both:
-Ay, so we will.
-
-CLARENCE:
-Tell him, when that our princely father York
-Bless'd his three sons with his victorious arm,
-And charged us from his soul to love each other,
-He little thought of this divided friendship:
-Bid Gloucester think of this, and he will weep.
-
-First Murderer:
-Ay, millstones; as be lesson'd us to weep.
-
-CLARENCE:
-O, do not slander him, for he is kind.
-
-First Murderer:
-Right,
-As snow in harvest. Thou deceivest thyself:
-'Tis he that sent us hither now to slaughter thee.
-
-CLARENCE:
-It cannot be; for when I parted with him,
-He hugg'd me in his arms, and swore, with sobs,
-That he would labour my delivery.
-
-Second Murderer:
-Why, so he doth, now he delivers thee
-From this world's thraldom to the joys of heaven.
-
-First Murderer:
-Make peace with God, for you must die, my lord.
-
-CLARENCE:
-Hast thou that holy feeling in thy soul,
-To counsel me to make my peace with God,
-And art thou yet to thy own soul so blind,
-That thou wilt war with God by murdering me?
-Ah, sirs, consider, he that set you on
-To do this deed will hate you for the deed.
-
-Second Murderer:
-What shall we do?
-
-CLARENCE:
-Relent, and save your souls.
-
-First Murderer:
-Relent! 'tis cowardly and womanish.
-
-CLARENCE:
-Not to relent is beastly, savage, devilish.
-Which of you, if you were a prince's son,
-Being pent from liberty, as I am now,
-if two such murderers as yourselves came to you,
-Would not entreat for life?
-My friend, I spy some pity in thy looks:
-O, if thine eye be not a flatterer,
-Come thou on my side, and entreat for me,
-As you would beg, were you in my distress
-A begging prince what beggar pities not?
-
-Second Murderer:
-Look behind you, my lord.
-
-First Murderer:
-Take that, and that: if all this will not do,
-I'll drown you in the malmsey-butt within.
-
-Second Murderer:
-A bloody deed, and desperately dispatch'd!
-How fain, like Pilate, would I wash my hands
-Of this most grievous guilty murder done!
-
-First Murderer:
-How now! what mean'st thou, that thou help'st me not?
-By heavens, the duke shall know how slack thou art!
-
-Second Murderer:
-I would he knew that I had saved his brother!
-Take thou the fee, and tell him what I say;
-For I repent me that the duke is slain.
-
-First Murderer:
-So do not I: go, coward as thou art.
-Now must I hide his body in some hole,
-Until the duke take order for his burial:
-And when I have my meed, I must away;
-For this will out, and here I must not stay.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Why, so: now have I done a good day's work:
-You peers, continue this united league:
-I every day expect an embassage
-From my Redeemer to redeem me hence;
-And now in peace my soul shall part to heaven,
-Since I have set my friends at peace on earth.
-Rivers and Hastings, take each other's hand;
-Dissemble not your hatred, swear your love.
-
-RIVERS:
-By heaven, my heart is purged from grudging hate:
-And with my hand I seal my true heart's love.
-
-HASTINGS:
-So thrive I, as I truly swear the like!
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Take heed you dally not before your king;
-Lest he that is the supreme King of kings
-Confound your hidden falsehood, and award
-Either of you to be the other's end.
-
-HASTINGS:
-So prosper I, as I swear perfect love!
-
-RIVERS:
-And I, as I love Hastings with my heart!
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Madam, yourself are not exempt in this,
-Nor your son Dorset, Buckingham, nor you;
-You have been factious one against the other,
-Wife, love Lord Hastings, let him kiss your hand;
-And what you do, do it unfeignedly.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-Here, Hastings; I will never more remember
-Our former hatred, so thrive I and mine!
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Dorset, embrace him; Hastings, love lord marquess.
-
-DORSET:
-This interchange of love, I here protest,
-Upon my part shall be unviolable.
-
-HASTINGS:
-And so swear I, my lord
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Now, princely Buckingham, seal thou this league
-With thy embracements to my wife's allies,
-And make me happy in your unity.
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-Whenever Buckingham doth turn his hate
-On you or yours,
-but with all duteous love
-Doth cherish you and yours, God punish me
-With hate in those where I expect most love!
-When I have most need to employ a friend,
-And most assured that he is a friend
-Deep, hollow, treacherous, and full of guile,
-Be he unto me! this do I beg of God,
-When I am cold in zeal to yours.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-A pleasing cordial, princely Buckingham,
-is this thy vow unto my sickly heart.
-There wanteth now our brother Gloucester here,
-To make the perfect period of this peace.
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-And, in good time, here comes the noble duke.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Good morrow to my sovereign king and queen:
-And, princely peers, a happy time of day!
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Happy, indeed, as we have spent the day.
-Brother, we done deeds of charity;
-Made peace enmity, fair love of hate,
-Between these swelling wrong-incensed peers.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-A blessed labour, my most sovereign liege:
-Amongst this princely heap, if any here,
-By false intelligence, or wrong surmise,
-Hold me a foe;
-If I unwittingly, or in my rage,
-Have aught committed that is hardly borne
-By any in this presence, I desire
-To reconcile me to his friendly peace:
-'Tis death to me to be at enmity;
-I hate it, and desire all good men's love.
-First, madam, I entreat true peace of you,
-Which I will purchase with my duteous service;
-Of you, my noble cousin Buckingham,
-If ever any grudge were lodged between us;
-Of you, Lord Rivers, and, Lord Grey, of you;
-That without desert have frown'd on me;
-Dukes, earls, lords, gentlemen; indeed, of all.
-I do not know that Englishman alive
-With whom my soul is any jot at odds
-More than the infant that is born to-night
-I thank my God for my humility.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-A holy day shall this be kept hereafter:
-I would to God all strifes were well compounded.
-My sovereign liege, I do beseech your majesty
-To take our brother Clarence to your grace.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Why, madam, have I offer'd love for this
-To be so bouted in this royal presence?
-Who knows not that the noble duke is dead?
-You do him injury to scorn his corse.
-
-RIVERS:
-Who knows not he is dead! who knows he is?
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-All seeing heaven, what a world is this!
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-Look I so pale, Lord Dorset, as the rest?
-
-DORSET:
-Ay, my good lord; and no one in this presence
-But his red colour hath forsook his cheeks.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Is Clarence dead? the order was reversed.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-But he, poor soul, by your first order died,
-And that a winged Mercury did bear:
-Some tardy cripple bore the countermand,
-That came too lag to see him buried.
-God grant that some, less noble and less loyal,
-Nearer in bloody thoughts, but not in blood,
-Deserve not worse than wretched Clarence did,
-And yet go current from suspicion!
-
-DORSET:
-A boon, my sovereign, for my service done!
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-I pray thee, peace: my soul is full of sorrow.
-
-DORSET:
-I will not rise, unless your highness grant.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Then speak at once what is it thou demand'st.
-
-DORSET:
-The forfeit, sovereign, of my servant's life;
-Who slew to-day a righteous gentleman
-Lately attendant on the Duke of Norfolk.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Have a tongue to doom my brother's death,
-And shall the same give pardon to a slave?
-My brother slew no man; his fault was thought,
-And yet his punishment was cruel death.
-Who sued to me for him? who, in my rage,
-Kneel'd at my feet, and bade me be advised
-Who spake of brotherhood? who spake of love?
-Who told me how the poor soul did forsake
-The mighty Warwick, and did fight for me?
-Who told me, in the field by Tewksbury
-When Oxford had me down, he rescued me,
-And said, 'Dear brother, live, and be a king'?
-Who told me, when we both lay in the field
-Frozen almost to death, how he did lap me
-Even in his own garments, and gave himself,
-All thin and naked, to the numb cold night?
-All this from my remembrance brutish wrath
-Sinfully pluck'd, and not a man of you
-Had so much grace to put it in my mind.
-But when your carters or your waiting-vassals
-Have done a drunken slaughter, and defaced
-The precious image of our dear Redeemer,
-You straight are on your knees for pardon, pardon;
-And I unjustly too, must grant it you
-But for my brother not a man would speak,
-Nor I, ungracious, speak unto myself
-For him, poor soul. The proudest of you all
-Have been beholding to him in his life;
-Yet none of you would once plead for his life.
-O God, I fear thy justice will take hold
-On me, and you, and mine, and yours for this!
-Come, Hastings, help me to my closet.
-Oh, poor Clarence!
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-This is the fruit of rashness! Mark'd you not
-How that the guilty kindred of the queen
-Look'd pale when they did hear of Clarence' death?
-O, they did urge it still unto the king!
-God will revenge it. But come, let us in,
-To comfort Edward with our company.
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-We wait upon your grace.
-
-Boy:
-Tell me, good grandam, is our father dead?
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-No, boy.
-
-Boy:
-Why do you wring your hands, and beat your breast,
-And cry 'O Clarence, my unhappy son!'
-
-Girl:
-Why do you look on us, and shake your head,
-And call us wretches, orphans, castaways
-If that our noble father be alive?
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-My pretty cousins, you mistake me much;
-I do lament the sickness of the king.
-As loath to lose him, not your father's death;
-It were lost sorrow to wail one that's lost.
-
-Boy:
-Then, grandam, you conclude that he is dead.
-The king my uncle is to blame for this:
-God will revenge it; whom I will importune
-With daily prayers all to that effect.
-
-Girl:
-And so will I.
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-Peace, children, peace! the king doth love you well:
-Incapable and shallow innocents,
-You cannot guess who caused your father's death.
-
-Boy:
-Grandam, we can; for my good uncle Gloucester
-Told me, the king, provoked by the queen,
-Devised impeachments to imprison him :
-And when my uncle told me so, he wept,
-And hugg'd me in his arm, and kindly kiss'd my cheek;
-Bade me rely on him as on my father,
-And he would love me dearly as his child.
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-Oh, that deceit should steal such gentle shapes,
-And with a virtuous vizard hide foul guile!
-He is my son; yea, and therein my shame;
-Yet from my dugs he drew not this deceit.
-
-Boy:
-Think you my uncle did dissemble, grandam?
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-Ay, boy.
-
-Boy:
-I cannot think it. Hark! what noise is this?
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-Oh, who shall hinder me to wail and weep,
-To chide my fortune, and torment myself?
-I'll join with black despair against my soul,
-And to myself become an enemy.
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-What means this scene of rude impatience?
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-To make an act of tragic violence:
-Edward, my lord, your son, our king, is dead.
-Why grow the branches now the root is wither'd?
-Why wither not the leaves the sap being gone?
-If you will live, lament; if die, be brief,
-That our swift-winged souls may catch the king's;
-Or, like obedient subjects, follow him
-To his new kingdom of perpetual rest.
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-Ah, so much interest have I in thy sorrow
-As I had title in thy noble husband!
-I have bewept a worthy husband's death,
-And lived by looking on his images:
-But now two mirrors of his princely semblance
-Are crack'd in pieces by malignant death,
-And I for comfort have but one false glass,
-Which grieves me when I see my shame in him.
-Thou art a widow; yet thou art a mother,
-And hast the comfort of thy children left thee:
-But death hath snatch'd my husband from mine arms,
-And pluck'd two crutches from my feeble limbs,
-Edward and Clarence. O, what cause have I,
-Thine being but a moiety of my grief,
-To overgo thy plaints and drown thy cries!
-
-Boy:
-Good aunt, you wept not for our father's death;
-How can we aid you with our kindred tears?
-
-Girl:
-Our fatherless distress was left unmoan'd;
-Your widow-dolour likewise be unwept!
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-Give me no help in lamentation;
-I am not barren to bring forth complaints
-All springs reduce their currents to mine eyes,
-That I, being govern'd by the watery moon,
-May send forth plenteous tears to drown the world!
-Oh for my husband, for my dear lord Edward!
-
-Children:
-Oh for our father, for our dear lord Clarence!
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-Alas for both, both mine, Edward and Clarence!
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-What stay had I but Edward? and he's gone.
-
-Children:
-What stay had we but Clarence? and he's gone.
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-What stays had I but they? and they are gone.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-Was never widow had so dear a loss!
-
-Children:
-Were never orphans had so dear a loss!
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-Was never mother had so dear a loss!
-Alas, I am the mother of these moans!
-Their woes are parcell'd, mine are general.
-She for an Edward weeps, and so do I;
-I for a Clarence weep, so doth not she:
-These babes for Clarence weep and so do I;
-I for an Edward weep, so do not they:
-Alas, you three, on me, threefold distress'd,
-Pour all your tears! I am your sorrow's nurse,
-And I will pamper it with lamentations.
-
-DORSET:
-Comfort, dear mother: God is much displeased
-That you take with unthankfulness, his doing:
-In common worldly things, 'tis call'd ungrateful,
-With dull unwilligness to repay a debt
-Which with a bounteous hand was kindly lent;
-Much more to be thus opposite with heaven,
-For it requires the royal debt it lent you.
-
-RIVERS:
-Madam, bethink you, like a careful mother,
-Of the young prince your son: send straight for him
-Let him be crown'd; in him your comfort lives:
-Drown desperate sorrow in dead Edward's grave,
-And plant your joys in living Edward's throne.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Madam, have comfort: all of us have cause
-To wail the dimming of our shining star;
-But none can cure their harms by wailing them.
-Madam, my mother, I do cry you mercy;
-I did not see your grace: humbly on my knee
-I crave your blessing.
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-God bless thee; and put meekness in thy mind,
-Love, charity, obedience, and true duty!
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-You cloudy princes and heart-sorrowing peers,
-That bear this mutual heavy load of moan,
-Now cheer each other in each other's love
-Though we have spent our harvest of this king,
-We are to reap the harvest of his son.
-The broken rancour of your high-swoln hearts,
-But lately splinter'd, knit, and join'd together,
-Must gently be preserved, cherish'd, and kept:
-Me seemeth good, that, with some little train,
-Forthwith from Ludlow the young prince be fetch'd
-Hither to London, to be crown'd our king.
-
-RIVERS:
-Why with some little train, my Lord of Buckingham?
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-Marry, my lord, lest, by a multitude,
-The new-heal'd wound of malice should break out,
-Which would be so much the more dangerous
-By how much the estate is green and yet ungovern'd:
-Where every horse bears his commanding rein,
-And may direct his course as please himself,
-As well the fear of harm, as harm apparent,
-In my opinion, ought to be prevented.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-I hope the king made peace with all of us
-And the compact is firm and true in me.
-
-RIVERS:
-And so in me; and so, I think, in all:
-Yet, since it is but green, it should be put
-To no apparent likelihood of breach,
-Which haply by much company might be urged:
-Therefore I say with noble Buckingham,
-That it is meet so few should fetch the prince.
-
-HASTINGS:
-And so say I.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Then be it so; and go we to determine
-Who they shall be that straight shall post to Ludlow.
-Madam, and you, my mother, will you go
-To give your censures in this weighty business?
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-With all our harts.
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-My lord, whoever journeys to the Prince,
-For God's sake, let not us two be behind;
-For, by the way, I'll sort occasion,
-As index to the story we late talk'd of,
-To part the queen's proud kindred from the king.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-My other self, my counsel's consistory,
-My oracle, my prophet! My dear cousin,
-I, like a child, will go by thy direction.
-Towards Ludlow then, for we'll not stay behind.
-
-First Citizen:
-Neighbour, well met: whither away so fast?
-
-Second Citizen:
-I promise you, I scarcely know myself:
-Hear you the news abroad?
-
-First Citizen:
-Ay, that the king is dead.
-
-Second Citizen:
-Bad news, by'r lady; seldom comes the better:
-I fear, I fear 'twill prove a troublous world.
-
-Third Citizen:
-Neighbours, God speed!
-
-First Citizen:
-Give you good morrow, sir.
-
-Third Citizen:
-Doth this news hold of good King Edward's death?
-
-Second Citizen:
-Ay, sir, it is too true; God help the while!
-
-Third Citizen:
-Then, masters, look to see a troublous world.
-
-First Citizen:
-No, no; by God's good grace his son shall reign.
-
-Third Citizen:
-Woe to the land that's govern'd by a child!
-
-Second Citizen:
-In him there is a hope of government,
-That in his nonage council under him,
-And in his full and ripen'd years himself,
-No doubt, shall then and till then govern well.
-
-First Citizen:
-So stood the state when Henry the Sixth
-Was crown'd in Paris but at nine months old.
-
-Third Citizen:
-Stood the state so? No, no, good friends, God wot;
-For then this land was famously enrich'd
-With politic grave counsel; then the king
-Had virtuous uncles to protect his grace.
-
-First Citizen:
-Why, so hath this, both by the father and mother.
-
-Third Citizen:
-Better it were they all came by the father,
-Or by the father there were none at all;
-For emulation now, who shall be nearest,
-Will touch us all too near, if God prevent not.
-O, full of danger is the Duke of Gloucester!
-And the queen's sons and brothers haught and proud:
-And were they to be ruled, and not to rule,
-This sickly land might solace as before.
-
-First Citizen:
-Come, come, we fear the worst; all shall be well.
-
-Third Citizen:
-When clouds appear, wise men put on their cloaks;
-When great leaves fall, the winter is at hand;
-When the sun sets, who doth not look for night?
-Untimely storms make men expect a dearth.
-All may be well; but, if God sort it so,
-'Tis more than we deserve, or I expect.
-
-Second Citizen:
-Truly, the souls of men are full of dread:
-Ye cannot reason almost with a man
-That looks not heavily and full of fear.
-
-Third Citizen:
-Before the times of change, still is it so:
-By a divine instinct men's minds mistrust
-Ensuing dangers; as by proof, we see
-The waters swell before a boisterous storm.
-But leave it all to God. whither away?
-
-Second Citizen:
-Marry, we were sent for to the justices.
-
-Third Citizen:
-And so was I: I'll bear you company.
-
-ARCHBISHOP OF YORK:
-Last night, I hear, they lay at Northampton;
-At Stony-Stratford will they be to-night:
-To-morrow, or next day, they will be here.
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-I long with all my heart to see the prince:
-I hope he is much grown since last I saw him.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-But I hear, no; they say my son of York
-Hath almost overta'en him in his growth.
-
-YORK:
-Ay, mother; but I would not have it so.
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-Why, my young cousin, it is good to grow.
-
-YORK:
-Grandam, one night, as we did sit at supper,
-My uncle Rivers talk'd how I did grow
-More than my brother: 'Ay,' quoth my uncle
-Gloucester,
-'Small herbs have grace, great weeds do grow apace:'
-And since, methinks, I would not grow so fast,
-Because sweet flowers are slow and weeds make haste.
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-Good faith, good faith, the saying did not hold
-In him that did object the same to thee;
-He was the wretched'st thing when he was young,
-So long a-growing and so leisurely,
-That, if this rule were true, he should be gracious.
-
-ARCHBISHOP OF YORK:
-Why, madam, so, no doubt, he is.
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-I hope he is; but yet let mothers doubt.
-
-YORK:
-Now, by my troth, if I had been remember'd,
-I could have given my uncle's grace a flout,
-To touch his growth nearer than he touch'd mine.
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-How, my pretty York? I pray thee, let me hear it.
-
-YORK:
-Marry, they say my uncle grew so fast
-That he could gnaw a crust at two hours old
-'Twas full two years ere I could get a tooth.
-Grandam, this would have been a biting jest.
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-I pray thee, pretty York, who told thee this?
-
-YORK:
-Grandam, his nurse.
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-His nurse! why, she was dead ere thou wert born.
-
-YORK:
-If 'twere not she, I cannot tell who told me.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-A parlous boy: go to, you are too shrewd.
-
-ARCHBISHOP OF YORK:
-Good madam, be not angry with the child.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-Pitchers have ears.
-
-ARCHBISHOP OF YORK:
-Here comes a messenger. What news?
-
-Messenger:
-Such news, my lord, as grieves me to unfold.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-How fares the prince?
-
-Messenger:
-Well, madam, and in health.
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-What is thy news then?
-
-Messenger:
-Lord Rivers and Lord Grey are sent to Pomfret,
-With them Sir Thomas Vaughan, prisoners.
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-Who hath committed them?
-
-Messenger:
-The mighty dukes
-Gloucester and Buckingham.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-For what offence?
-
-Messenger:
-The sum of all I can, I have disclosed;
-Why or for what these nobles were committed
-Is all unknown to me, my gracious lady.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-Ay me, I see the downfall of our house!
-The tiger now hath seized the gentle hind;
-Insulting tyranny begins to jet
-Upon the innocent and aweless throne:
-Welcome, destruction, death, and massacre!
-I see, as in a map, the end of all.
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-Accursed and unquiet wrangling days,
-How many of you have mine eyes beheld!
-My husband lost his life to get the crown;
-And often up and down my sons were toss'd,
-For me to joy and weep their gain and loss:
-And being seated, and domestic broils
-Clean over-blown, themselves, the conquerors.
-Make war upon themselves; blood against blood,
-Self against self: O, preposterous
-And frantic outrage, end thy damned spleen;
-Or let me die, to look on death no more!
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-Come, come, my boy; we will to sanctuary.
-Madam, farewell.
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-I'll go along with you.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-You have no cause.
-
-ARCHBISHOP OF YORK:
-My gracious lady, go;
-And thither bear your treasure and your goods.
-For my part, I'll resign unto your grace
-The seal I keep: and so betide to me
-As well I tender you and all of yours!
-Come, I'll conduct you to the sanctuary.
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-Welcome, sweet prince, to London, to your chamber.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Welcome, dear cousin, my thoughts' sovereign
-The weary way hath made you melancholy.
-
-PRINCE EDWARD:
-No, uncle; but our crosses on the way
-Have made it tedious, wearisome, and heavy
-I want more uncles here to welcome me.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Sweet prince, the untainted virtue of your years
-Hath not yet dived into the world's deceit
-Nor more can you distinguish of a man
-Than of his outward show; which, God he knows,
-Seldom or never jumpeth with the heart.
-Those uncles which you want were dangerous;
-Your grace attended to their sugar'd words,
-But look'd not on the poison of their hearts :
-God keep you from them, and from such false friends!
-
-PRINCE EDWARD:
-God keep me from false friends! but they were none.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-My lord, the mayor of London comes to greet you.
-
-Lord Mayor:
-God bless your grace with health and happy days!
-
-PRINCE EDWARD:
-I thank you, good my lord; and thank you all.
-I thought my mother, and my brother York,
-Would long ere this have met us on the way
-Fie, what a slug is Hastings, that he comes not
-To tell us whether they will come or no!
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-And, in good time, here comes the sweating lord.
-
-PRINCE EDWARD:
-Welcome, my lord: what, will our mother come?
-
-HASTINGS:
-On what occasion, God he knows, not I,
-The queen your mother, and your brother York,
-Have taken sanctuary: the tender prince
-Would fain have come with me to meet your grace,
-But by his mother was perforce withheld.
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-Fie, what an indirect and peevish course
-Is this of hers! Lord cardinal, will your grace
-Persuade the queen to send the Duke of York
-Unto his princely brother presently?
-If she deny, Lord Hastings, go with him,
-And from her jealous arms pluck him perforce.
-
-CARDINAL:
-My Lord of Buckingham, if my weak oratory
-Can from his mother win the Duke of York,
-Anon expect him here; but if she be obdurate
-To mild entreaties, God in heaven forbid
-We should infringe the holy privilege
-Of blessed sanctuary! not for all this land
-Would I be guilty of so deep a sin.
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-You are too senseless--obstinate, my lord,
-Too ceremonious and traditional
-Weigh it but with the grossness of this age,
-You break not sanctuary in seizing him.
-The benefit thereof is always granted
-To those whose dealings have deserved the place,
-And those who have the wit to claim the place:
-This prince hath neither claim'd it nor deserved it;
-And therefore, in mine opinion, cannot have it:
-Then, taking him from thence that is not there,
-You break no privilege nor charter there.
-Oft have I heard of sanctuary men;
-But sanctuary children ne'er till now.
-
-CARDINAL:
-My lord, you shall o'er-rule my mind for once.
-Come on, Lord Hastings, will you go with me?
-
-HASTINGS:
-I go, my lord.
-
-PRINCE EDWARD:
-Good lords, make all the speedy haste you may.
-Say, uncle Gloucester, if our brother come,
-Where shall we sojourn till our coronation?
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Where it seems best unto your royal self.
-If I may counsel you, some day or two
-Your highness shall repose you at the Tower:
-Then where you please, and shall be thought most fit
-For your best health and recreation.
-
-PRINCE EDWARD:
-I do not like the Tower, of any place.
-Did Julius Caesar build that place, my lord?
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-He did, my gracious lord, begin that place;
-Which, since, succeeding ages have re-edified.
-
-PRINCE EDWARD:
-Is it upon record, or else reported
-Successively from age to age, he built it?
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-Upon record, my gracious lord.
-
-PRINCE EDWARD:
-But say, my lord, it were not register'd,
-Methinks the truth should live from age to age,
-As 'twere retail'd to all posterity,
-Even to the general all-ending day.
-
-PRINCE EDWARD:
-What say you, uncle?
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-I say, without characters, fame lives long.
-Thus, like the formal vice, Iniquity,
-I moralize two meanings in one word.
-
-PRINCE EDWARD:
-That Julius Caesar was a famous man;
-With what his valour did enrich his wit,
-His wit set down to make his valour live
-Death makes no conquest of this conqueror;
-For now he lives in fame, though not in life.
-I'll tell you what, my cousin Buckingham,--
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-What, my gracious lord?
-
-PRINCE EDWARD:
-An if I live until I be a man,
-I'll win our ancient right in France again,
-Or die a soldier, as I lived a king.
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-Now, in good time, here comes the Duke of York.
-
-PRINCE EDWARD:
-Richard of York! how fares our loving brother?
-
-YORK:
-Well, my dread lord; so must I call you now.
-
-PRINCE EDWARD:
-Ay, brother, to our grief, as it is yours:
-Too late he died that might have kept that title,
-Which by his death hath lost much majesty.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-How fares our cousin, noble Lord of York?
-
-YORK:
-I thank you, gentle uncle. O, my lord,
-You said that idle weeds are fast in growth
-The prince my brother hath outgrown me far.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-He hath, my lord.
-
-YORK:
-And therefore is he idle?
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-O, my fair cousin, I must not say so.
-
-YORK:
-Then is he more beholding to you than I.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-He may command me as my sovereign;
-But you have power in me as in a kinsman.
-
-YORK:
-I pray you, uncle, give me this dagger.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-My dagger, little cousin? with all my heart.
-
-PRINCE EDWARD:
-A beggar, brother?
-
-YORK:
-Of my kind uncle, that I know will give;
-And being but a toy, which is no grief to give.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-A greater gift than that I'll give my cousin.
-
-YORK:
-A greater gift! O, that's the sword to it.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-A gentle cousin, were it light enough.
-
-YORK:
-O, then, I see, you will part but with light gifts;
-In weightier things you'll say a beggar nay.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-It is too heavy for your grace to wear.
-
-YORK:
-I weigh it lightly, were it heavier.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-What, would you have my weapon, little lord?
-
-YORK:
-I would, that I might thank you as you call me.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-How?
-
-YORK:
-Little.
-
-PRINCE EDWARD:
-My Lord of York will still be cross in talk:
-Uncle, your grace knows how to bear with him.
-
-YORK:
-You mean, to bear me, not to bear with me:
-Uncle, my brother mocks both you and me;
-Because that I am little, like an ape,
-He thinks that you should bear me on your shoulders.
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-With what a sharp-provided wit he reasons!
-To mitigate the scorn he gives his uncle,
-He prettily and aptly taunts himself:
-So cunning and so young is wonderful.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-My lord, will't please you pass along?
-Myself and my good cousin Buckingham
-Will to your mother, to entreat of her
-To meet you at the Tower and welcome you.
-
-YORK:
-What, will you go unto the Tower, my lord?
-
-PRINCE EDWARD:
-My lord protector needs will have it so.
-
-YORK:
-I shall not sleep in quiet at the Tower.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Why, what should you fear?
-
-YORK:
-Marry, my uncle Clarence' angry ghost:
-My grandam told me he was murdered there.
-
-PRINCE EDWARD:
-I fear no uncles dead.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Nor none that live, I hope.
-
-PRINCE EDWARD:
-An if they live, I hope I need not fear.
-But come, my lord; and with a heavy heart,
-Thinking on them, go I unto the Tower.
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-Think you, my lord, this little prating York
-Was not incensed by his subtle mother
-To taunt and scorn you thus opprobriously?
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-No doubt, no doubt; O, 'tis a parlous boy;
-Bold, quick, ingenious, forward, capable
-He is all the mother's, from the top to toe.
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-Well, let them rest. Come hither, Catesby.
-Thou art sworn as deeply to effect what we intend
-As closely to conceal what we impart:
-Thou know'st our reasons urged upon the way;
-What think'st thou? is it not an easy matter
-To make William Lord Hastings of our mind,
-For the instalment of this noble duke
-In the seat royal of this famous isle?
-
-CATESBY:
-He for his father's sake so loves the prince,
-That he will not be won to aught against him.
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-What think'st thou, then, of Stanley? what will he?
-
-CATESBY:
-He will do all in all as Hastings doth.
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-Well, then, no more but this: go, gentle Catesby,
-And, as it were far off sound thou Lord Hastings,
-How doth he stand affected to our purpose;
-And summon him to-morrow to the Tower,
-To sit about the coronation.
-If thou dost find him tractable to us,
-Encourage him, and show him all our reasons:
-If he be leaden, icy-cold, unwilling,
-Be thou so too; and so break off your talk,
-And give us notice of his inclination:
-For we to-morrow hold divided councils,
-Wherein thyself shalt highly be employ'd.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Commend me to Lord William: tell him, Catesby,
-His ancient knot of dangerous adversaries
-To-morrow are let blood at Pomfret-castle;
-And bid my friend, for joy of this good news,
-Give mistress Shore one gentle kiss the more.
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-Good Catesby, go, effect this business soundly.
-
-CATESBY:
-My good lords both, with all the heed I may.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Shall we hear from you, Catesby, ere we sleep?
-
-CATESBY:
-You shall, my lord.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-At Crosby Place, there shall you find us both.
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-Now, my lord, what shall we do, if we perceive
-Lord Hastings will not yield to our complots?
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Chop off his head, man; somewhat we will do:
-And, look, when I am king, claim thou of me
-The earldom of Hereford, and the moveables
-Whereof the king my brother stood possess'd.
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-I'll claim that promise at your grace's hands.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-And look to have it yielded with all willingness.
-Come, let us sup betimes, that afterwards
-We may digest our complots in some form.
-
-Messenger:
-What, ho! my lord!
-
-Messenger:
-A messenger from the Lord Stanley.
-
-HASTINGS:
-What is't o'clock?
-
-Messenger:
-Upon the stroke of four.
-
-HASTINGS:
-Cannot thy master sleep these tedious nights?
-
-Messenger:
-So it should seem by that I have to say.
-First, he commends him to your noble lordship.
-
-HASTINGS:
-And then?
-
-Messenger:
-And then he sends you word
-He dreamt to-night the boar had razed his helm:
-Besides, he says there are two councils held;
-And that may be determined at the one
-which may make you and him to rue at the other.
-Therefore he sends to know your lordship's pleasure,
-If presently you will take horse with him,
-And with all speed post with him toward the north,
-To shun the danger that his soul divines.
-
-HASTINGS:
-Go, fellow, go, return unto thy lord;
-Bid him not fear the separated councils
-His honour and myself are at the one,
-And at the other is my servant Catesby
-Where nothing can proceed that toucheth us
-Whereof I shall not have intelligence.
-Tell him his fears are shallow, wanting instance:
-And for his dreams, I wonder he is so fond
-To trust the mockery of unquiet slumbers
-To fly the boar before the boar pursues,
-Were to incense the boar to follow us
-And make pursuit where he did mean no chase.
-Go, bid thy master rise and come to me
-And we will both together to the Tower,
-Where, he shall see, the boar will use us kindly.
-
-Messenger:
-My gracious lord, I'll tell him what you say.
-
-CATESBY:
-Many good morrows to my noble lord!
-
-HASTINGS:
-Good morrow, Catesby; you are early stirring
-What news, what news, in this our tottering state?
-
-CATESBY:
-It is a reeling world, indeed, my lord;
-And I believe twill never stand upright
-Tim Richard wear the garland of the realm.
-
-HASTINGS:
-How! wear the garland! dost thou mean the crown?
-
-CATESBY:
-Ay, my good lord.
-
-HASTINGS:
-I'll have this crown of mine cut from my shoulders
-Ere I will see the crown so foul misplaced.
-But canst thou guess that he doth aim at it?
-
-CATESBY:
-Ay, on my life; and hopes to find forward
-Upon his party for the gain thereof:
-And thereupon he sends you this good news,
-That this same very day your enemies,
-The kindred of the queen, must die at Pomfret.
-
-HASTINGS:
-Indeed, I am no mourner for that news,
-Because they have been still mine enemies:
-But, that I'll give my voice on Richard's side,
-To bar my master's heirs in true descent,
-God knows I will not do it, to the death.
-
-CATESBY:
-God keep your lordship in that gracious mind!
-
-HASTINGS:
-But I shall laugh at this a twelve-month hence,
-That they who brought me in my master's hate
-I live to look upon their tragedy.
-I tell thee, Catesby--
-
-CATESBY:
-What, my lord?
-
-HASTINGS:
-Ere a fortnight make me elder,
-I'll send some packing that yet think not on it.
-
-CATESBY:
-'Tis a vile thing to die, my gracious lord,
-When men are unprepared and look not for it.
-
-HASTINGS:
-O monstrous, monstrous! and so falls it out
-With Rivers, Vaughan, Grey: and so 'twill do
-With some men else, who think themselves as safe
-As thou and I; who, as thou know'st, are dear
-To princely Richard and to Buckingham.
-
-CATESBY:
-The princes both make high account of you;
-For they account his head upon the bridge.
-
-HASTINGS:
-I know they do; and I have well deserved it.
-Come on, come on; where is your boar-spear, man?
-Fear you the boar, and go so unprovided?
-
-STANLEY:
-My lord, good morrow; good morrow, Catesby:
-You may jest on, but, by the holy rood,
-I do not like these several councils, I.
-
-HASTINGS:
-My lord,
-I hold my life as dear as you do yours;
-And never in my life, I do protest,
-Was it more precious to me than 'tis now:
-Think you, but that I know our state secure,
-I would be so triumphant as I am?
-
-STANLEY:
-The lords at Pomfret, when they rode from London,
-Were jocund, and supposed their state was sure,
-And they indeed had no cause to mistrust;
-But yet, you see how soon the day o'ercast.
-This sudden stag of rancour I misdoubt:
-Pray God, I say, I prove a needless coward!
-What, shall we toward the Tower? the day is spent.
-
-HASTINGS:
-Come, come, have with you. Wot you what, my lord?
-To-day the lords you talk of are beheaded.
-
-LORD STANLEY:
-They, for their truth, might better wear their heads
-Than some that have accused them wear their hats.
-But come, my lord, let us away.
-
-HASTINGS:
-Go on before; I'll talk with this good fellow.
-How now, sirrah! how goes the world with thee?
-
-Pursuivant:
-The better that your lordship please to ask.
-
-HASTINGS:
-I tell thee, man, 'tis better with me now
-Than when I met thee last where now we meet:
-Then was I going prisoner to the Tower,
-By the suggestion of the queen's allies;
-But now, I tell thee--keep it to thyself--
-This day those enemies are put to death,
-And I in better state than e'er I was.
-
-Pursuivant:
-God hold it, to your honour's good content!
-
-HASTINGS:
-Gramercy, fellow: there, drink that for me.
-
-Pursuivant:
-God save your lordship!
-
-Priest:
-Well met, my lord; I am glad to see your honour.
-
-HASTINGS:
-I thank thee, good Sir John, with all my heart.
-I am in your debt for your last exercise;
-Come the next Sabbath, and I will content you.
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-What, talking with a priest, lord chamberlain?
-Your friends at Pomfret, they do need the priest;
-Your honour hath no shriving work in hand.
-
-HASTINGS:
-Good faith, and when I met this holy man,
-Those men you talk of came into my mind.
-What, go you toward the Tower?
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-I do, my lord; but long I shall not stay
-I shall return before your lordship thence.
-
-HASTINGS:
-'Tis like enough, for I stay dinner there.
-
-HASTINGS:
-I'll wait upon your lordship.
-
-RATCLIFF:
-Come, bring forth the prisoners.
-
-RIVERS:
-Sir Richard Ratcliff, let me tell thee this:
-To-day shalt thou behold a subject die
-For truth, for duty, and for loyalty.
-
-GREY:
-God keep the prince from all the pack of you!
-A knot you are of damned blood-suckers!
-
-VAUGHAN:
-You live that shall cry woe for this after.
-
-RATCLIFF:
-Dispatch; the limit of your lives is out.
-
-RIVERS:
-O Pomfret, Pomfret! O thou bloody prison,
-Fatal and ominous to noble peers!
-Within the guilty closure of thy walls
-Richard the second here was hack'd to death;
-And, for more slander to thy dismal seat,
-We give thee up our guiltless blood to drink.
-
-GREY:
-Now Margaret's curse is fall'n upon our heads,
-For standing by when Richard stabb'd her son.
-
-RIVERS:
-Then cursed she Hastings, then cursed she Buckingham,
-Then cursed she Richard. O, remember, God
-To hear her prayers for them, as now for us
-And for my sister and her princely sons,
-Be satisfied, dear God, with our true blood,
-Which, as thou know'st, unjustly must be spilt.
-
-RATCLIFF:
-Make haste; the hour of death is expiate.
-
-RIVERS:
-Come, Grey, come, Vaughan, let us all embrace:
-And take our leave, until we meet in heaven.
-
-HASTINGS:
-My lords, at once: the cause why we are met
-Is, to determine of the coronation.
-In God's name, speak: when is the royal day?
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-Are all things fitting for that royal time?
-
-DERBY:
-It is, and wants but nomination.
-
-BISHOP OF ELY:
-To-morrow, then, I judge a happy day.
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-Who knows the lord protector's mind herein?
-Who is most inward with the royal duke?
-
-BISHOP OF ELY:
-Your grace, we think, should soonest know his mind.
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-Who, I, my lord I we know each other's faces,
-But for our hearts, he knows no more of mine,
-Than I of yours;
-Nor I no more of his, than you of mine.
-Lord Hastings, you and he are near in love.
-
-HASTINGS:
-I thank his grace, I know he loves me well;
-But, for his purpose in the coronation.
-I have not sounded him, nor he deliver'd
-His gracious pleasure any way therein:
-But you, my noble lords, may name the time;
-And in the duke's behalf I'll give my voice,
-Which, I presume, he'll take in gentle part.
-
-BISHOP OF ELY:
-Now in good time, here comes the duke himself.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-My noble lords and cousins all, good morrow.
-I have been long a sleeper; but, I hope,
-My absence doth neglect no great designs,
-Which by my presence might have been concluded.
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-Had not you come upon your cue, my lord
-William Lord Hastings had pronounced your part,--
-I mean, your voice,--for crowning of the king.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Than my Lord Hastings no man might be bolder;
-His lordship knows me well, and loves me well.
-
-HASTINGS:
-I thank your grace.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-My lord of Ely!
-
-BISHOP OF ELY:
-My lord?
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-When I was last in Holborn,
-I saw good strawberries in your garden there
-I do beseech you send for some of them.
-
-BISHOP OF ELY:
-Marry, and will, my lord, with all my heart.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Cousin of Buckingham, a word with you.
-Catesby hath sounded Hastings in our business,
-And finds the testy gentleman so hot,
-As he will lose his head ere give consent
-His master's son, as worshipful as he terms it,
-Shall lose the royalty of England's throne.
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-Withdraw you hence, my lord, I'll follow you.
-
-DERBY:
-We have not yet set down this day of triumph.
-To-morrow, in mine opinion, is too sudden;
-For I myself am not so well provided
-As else I would be, were the day prolong'd.
-
-BISHOP OF ELY:
-Where is my lord protector? I have sent for these
-strawberries.
-
-HASTINGS:
-His grace looks cheerfully and smooth to-day;
-There's some conceit or other likes him well,
-When he doth bid good morrow with such a spirit.
-I think there's never a man in Christendom
-That can less hide his love or hate than he;
-For by his face straight shall you know his heart.
-
-DERBY:
-What of his heart perceive you in his face
-By any likelihood he show'd to-day?
-
-HASTINGS:
-Marry, that with no man here he is offended;
-For, were he, he had shown it in his looks.
-
-DERBY:
-I pray God he be not, I say.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-I pray you all, tell me what they deserve
-That do conspire my death with devilish plots
-Of damned witchcraft, and that have prevail'd
-Upon my body with their hellish charms?
-
-HASTINGS:
-The tender love I bear your grace, my lord,
-Makes me most forward in this noble presence
-To doom the offenders, whatsoever they be
-I say, my lord, they have deserved death.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Then be your eyes the witness of this ill:
-See how I am bewitch'd; behold mine arm
-Is, like a blasted sapling, wither'd up:
-And this is Edward's wife, that monstrous witch,
-Consorted with that harlot strumpet Shore,
-That by their witchcraft thus have marked me.
-
-HASTINGS:
-If they have done this thing, my gracious lord--
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-If I thou protector of this damned strumpet--
-Tellest thou me of 'ifs'? Thou art a traitor:
-Off with his head! Now, by Saint Paul I swear,
-I will not dine until I see the same.
-Lovel and Ratcliff, look that it be done:
-The rest, that love me, rise and follow me.
-
-HASTINGS:
-Woe, woe for England! not a whit for me;
-For I, too fond, might have prevented this.
-Stanley did dream the boar did raze his helm;
-But I disdain'd it, and did scorn to fly:
-Three times to-day my foot-cloth horse did stumble,
-And startled, when he look'd upon the Tower,
-As loath to bear me to the slaughter-house.
-O, now I want the priest that spake to me:
-I now repent I told the pursuivant
-As 'twere triumphing at mine enemies,
-How they at Pomfret bloodily were butcher'd,
-And I myself secure in grace and favour.
-O Margaret, Margaret, now thy heavy curse
-Is lighted on poor Hastings' wretched head!
-
-RATCLIFF:
-Dispatch, my lord; the duke would be at dinner:
-Make a short shrift; he longs to see your head.
-
-HASTINGS:
-O momentary grace of mortal men,
-Which we more hunt for than the grace of God!
-Who builds his hopes in air of your good looks,
-Lives like a drunken sailor on a mast,
-Ready, with every nod, to tumble down
-Into the fatal bowels of the deep.
-
-LOVEL:
-Come, come, dispatch; 'tis bootless to exclaim.
-
-HASTINGS:
-O bloody Richard! miserable England!
-I prophesy the fearful'st time to thee
-That ever wretched age hath look'd upon.
-Come, lead me to the block; bear him my head.
-They smile at me that shortly shall be dead.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Come, cousin, canst thou quake, and change thy colour,
-Murder thy breath in the middle of a word,
-And then begin again, and stop again,
-As if thou wert distraught and mad with terror?
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-Tut, I can counterfeit the deep tragedian;
-Speak and look back, and pry on every side,
-Tremble and start at wagging of a straw,
-Intending deep suspicion: ghastly looks
-Are at my service, like enforced smiles;
-And both are ready in their offices,
-At any time, to grace my stratagems.
-But what, is Catesby gone?
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-He is; and, see, he brings the mayor along.
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-Lord mayor,--
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Look to the drawbridge there!
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-Hark! a drum.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Catesby, o'erlook the walls.
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-Lord mayor, the reason we have sent--
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Look back, defend thee, here are enemies.
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-God and our innocency defend and guard us!
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Be patient, they are friends, Ratcliff and Lovel.
-
-LOVEL:
-Here is the head of that ignoble traitor,
-The dangerous and unsuspected Hastings.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-So dear I loved the man, that I must weep.
-I took him for the plainest harmless creature
-That breathed upon this earth a Christian;
-Made him my book wherein my soul recorded
-The history of all her secret thoughts:
-So smooth he daub'd his vice with show of virtue,
-That, his apparent open guilt omitted,
-I mean, his conversation with Shore's wife,
-He lived from all attainder of suspect.
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-Well, well, he was the covert'st shelter'd traitor
-That ever lived.
-Would you imagine, or almost believe,
-Were't not that, by great preservation,
-We live to tell it you, the subtle traitor
-This day had plotted, in the council-house
-To murder me and my good Lord of Gloucester?
-
-Lord Mayor:
-What, had he so?
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-What, think You we are Turks or infidels?
-Or that we would, against the form of law,
-Proceed thus rashly to the villain's death,
-But that the extreme peril of the case,
-The peace of England and our persons' safety,
-Enforced us to this execution?
-
-Lord Mayor:
-Now, fair befall you! he deserved his death;
-And you my good lords, both have well proceeded,
-To warn false traitors from the like attempts.
-I never look'd for better at his hands,
-After he once fell in with Mistress Shore.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Yet had not we determined he should die,
-Until your lordship came to see his death;
-Which now the loving haste of these our friends,
-Somewhat against our meaning, have prevented:
-Because, my lord, we would have had you heard
-The traitor speak, and timorously confess
-The manner and the purpose of his treason;
-That you might well have signified the same
-Unto the citizens, who haply may
-Misconstrue us in him and wail his death.
-
-Lord Mayor:
-But, my good lord, your grace's word shall serve,
-As well as I had seen and heard him speak
-And doubt you not, right noble princes both,
-But I'll acquaint our duteous citizens
-With all your just proceedings in this cause.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-And to that end we wish'd your lord-ship here,
-To avoid the carping censures of the world.
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-But since you come too late of our intents,
-Yet witness what you hear we did intend:
-And so, my good lord mayor, we bid farewell.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Go, after, after, cousin Buckingham.
-The mayor towards Guildhall hies him in all post:
-There, at your meet'st advantage of the time,
-Infer the bastardy of Edward's children:
-Tell them how Edward put to death a citizen,
-Only for saying he would make his son
-Heir to the crown; meaning indeed his house,
-Which, by the sign thereof was termed so.
-Moreover, urge his hateful luxury
-And bestial appetite in change of lust;
-Which stretched to their servants, daughters, wives,
-Even where his lustful eye or savage heart,
-Without control, listed to make his prey.
-Nay, for a need, thus far come near my person:
-Tell them, when that my mother went with child
-Of that unsatiate Edward, noble York
-My princely father then had wars in France
-And, by just computation of the time,
-Found that the issue was not his begot;
-Which well appeared in his lineaments,
-Being nothing like the noble duke my father:
-But touch this sparingly, as 'twere far off,
-Because you know, my lord, my mother lives.
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-Fear not, my lord, I'll play the orator
-As if the golden fee for which I plead
-Were for myself: and so, my lord, adieu.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-If you thrive well, bring them to Baynard's Castle;
-Where you shall find me well accompanied
-With reverend fathers and well-learned bishops.
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-I go: and towards three or four o'clock
-Look for the news that the Guildhall affords.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Go, Lovel, with all speed to Doctor Shaw;
-Go thou to Friar Penker; bid them both
-Meet me within this hour at Baynard's Castle.
-Now will I in, to take some privy order,
-To draw the brats of Clarence out of sight;
-And to give notice, that no manner of person
-At any time have recourse unto the princes.
-
-Scrivener:
-This is the indictment of the good Lord Hastings;
-Which in a set hand fairly is engross'd,
-That it may be this day read over in Paul's.
-And mark how well the sequel hangs together:
-Eleven hours I spent to write it over,
-For yesternight by Catesby was it brought me;
-The precedent was full as long a-doing:
-And yet within these five hours lived Lord Hastings,
-Untainted, unexamined, free, at liberty
-Here's a good world the while! Why who's so gross,
-That seeth not this palpable device?
-Yet who's so blind, but says he sees it not?
-Bad is the world; and all will come to nought,
-When such bad dealings must be seen in thought.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-How now, my lord, what say the citizens?
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-Now, by the holy mother of our Lord,
-The citizens are mum and speak not a word.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Touch'd you the bastardy of Edward's children?
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-I did; with his contract with Lady Lucy,
-And his contract by deputy in France;
-The insatiate greediness of his desires,
-And his enforcement of the city wives;
-His tyranny for trifles; his own bastardy,
-As being got, your father then in France,
-His resemblance, being not like the duke;
-Withal I did infer your lineaments,
-Being the right idea of your father,
-Both in your form and nobleness of mind;
-Laid open all your victories in Scotland,
-Your dicipline in war, wisdom in peace,
-Your bounty, virtue, fair humility:
-Indeed, left nothing fitting for the purpose
-Untouch'd, or slightly handled, in discourse
-And when mine oratory grew to an end
-I bid them that did love their country's good
-Cry 'God save Richard, England's royal king!'
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Ah! and did they so?
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-No, so God help me, they spake not a word;
-But, like dumb statues or breathing stones,
-Gazed each on other, and look'd deadly pale.
-Which when I saw, I reprehended them;
-And ask'd the mayor what meant this wilful silence:
-His answer was, the people were not wont
-To be spoke to but by the recorder.
-Then he was urged to tell my tale again,
-'Thus saith the duke, thus hath the duke inferr'd;'
-But nothing spake in warrant from himself.
-When he had done, some followers of mine own,
-At the lower end of the hall, hurl'd up their caps,
-And some ten voices cried 'God save King Richard!'
-And thus I took the vantage of those few,
-'Thanks, gentle citizens and friends,' quoth I;
-'This general applause and loving shout
-Argues your wisdoms and your love to Richard:'
-And even here brake off, and came away.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-What tongueless blocks were they! would not they speak?
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-No, by my troth, my lord.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Will not the mayor then and his brethren come?
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-The mayor is here at hand: intend some fear;
-Be not you spoke with, but by mighty suit:
-And look you get a prayer-book in your hand,
-And stand betwixt two churchmen, good my lord;
-For on that ground I'll build a holy descant:
-And be not easily won to our request:
-Play the maid's part, still answer nay, and take it.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-I go; and if you plead as well for them
-As I can say nay to thee for myself,
-No doubt well bring it to a happy issue.
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-Go, go, up to the leads; the lord mayor knocks.
-Welcome my lord; I dance attendance here;
-I think the duke will not be spoke withal.
-Here comes his servant: how now, Catesby,
-What says he?
-
-CATESBY:
-My lord: he doth entreat your grace;
-To visit him to-morrow or next day:
-He is within, with two right reverend fathers,
-Divinely bent to meditation;
-And no worldly suit would he be moved,
-To draw him from his holy exercise.
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-Return, good Catesby, to thy lord again;
-Tell him, myself, the mayor and citizens,
-In deep designs and matters of great moment,
-No less importing than our general good,
-Are come to have some conference with his grace.
-
-CATESBY:
-I'll tell him what you say, my lord.
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-Ah, ha, my lord, this prince is not an Edward!
-He is not lolling on a lewd day-bed,
-But on his knees at meditation;
-Not dallying with a brace of courtezans,
-But meditating with two deep divines;
-Not sleeping, to engross his idle body,
-But praying, to enrich his watchful soul:
-Happy were England, would this gracious prince
-Take on himself the sovereignty thereof:
-But, sure, I fear, we shall ne'er win him to it.
-
-Lord Mayor:
-Marry, God forbid his grace should say us nay!
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-I fear he will.
-How now, Catesby, what says your lord?
-
-CATESBY:
-My lord,
-He wonders to what end you have assembled
-Such troops of citizens to speak with him,
-His grace not being warn'd thereof before:
-My lord, he fears you mean no good to him.
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-Sorry I am my noble cousin should
-Suspect me, that I mean no good to him:
-By heaven, I come in perfect love to him;
-And so once more return and tell his grace.
-When holy and devout religious men
-Are at their beads, 'tis hard to draw them thence,
-So sweet is zealous contemplation.
-
-Lord Mayor:
-See, where he stands between two clergymen!
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-Two props of virtue for a Christian prince,
-To stay him from the fall of vanity:
-And, see, a book of prayer in his hand,
-True ornaments to know a holy man.
-Famous Plantagenet, most gracious prince,
-Lend favourable ears to our request;
-And pardon us the interruption
-Of thy devotion and right Christian zeal.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-My lord, there needs no such apology:
-I rather do beseech you pardon me,
-Who, earnest in the service of my God,
-Neglect the visitation of my friends.
-But, leaving this, what is your grace's pleasure?
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-Even that, I hope, which pleaseth God above,
-And all good men of this ungovern'd isle.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-I do suspect I have done some offence
-That seems disgracious in the city's eyes,
-And that you come to reprehend my ignorance.
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-You have, my lord: would it might please your grace,
-At our entreaties, to amend that fault!
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Else wherefore breathe I in a Christian land?
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-Then know, it is your fault that you resign
-The supreme seat, the throne majestical,
-The scepter'd office of your ancestors,
-Your state of fortune and your due of birth,
-The lineal glory of your royal house,
-To the corruption of a blemished stock:
-Whilst, in the mildness of your sleepy thoughts,
-Which here we waken to our country's good,
-This noble isle doth want her proper limbs;
-Her face defaced with scars of infamy,
-Her royal stock graft with ignoble plants,
-And almost shoulder'd in the swallowing gulf
-Of blind forgetfulness and dark oblivion.
-Which to recure, we heartily solicit
-Your gracious self to take on you the charge
-And kingly government of this your land,
-Not as protector, steward, substitute,
-Or lowly factor for another's gain;
-But as successively from blood to blood,
-Your right of birth, your empery, your own.
-For this, consorted with the citizens,
-Your very worshipful and loving friends,
-And by their vehement instigation,
-In this just suit come I to move your grace.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-I know not whether to depart in silence,
-Or bitterly to speak in your reproof.
-Best fitteth my degree or your condition
-If not to answer, you might haply think
-Tongue-tied ambition, not replying, yielded
-To bear the golden yoke of sovereignty,
-Which fondly you would here impose on me;
-If to reprove you for this suit of yours,
-So season'd with your faithful love to me.
-Then, on the other side, I cheque'd my friends.
-Therefore, to speak, and to avoid the first,
-And then, in speaking, not to incur the last,
-Definitively thus I answer you.
-Your love deserves my thanks; but my desert
-Unmeritable shuns your high request.
-First if all obstacles were cut away,
-And that my path were even to the crown,
-As my ripe revenue and due by birth
-Yet so much is my poverty of spirit,
-So mighty and so many my defects,
-As I had rather hide me from my greatness,
-Being a bark to brook no mighty sea,
-Than in my greatness covet to be hid,
-And in the vapour of my glory smother'd.
-But, God be thank'd, there's no need of me,
-And much I need to help you, if need were;
-The royal tree hath left us royal fruit,
-Which, mellow'd by the stealing hours of time,
-Will well become the seat of majesty,
-And make, no doubt, us happy by his reign.
-On him I lay what you would lay on me,
-The right and fortune of his happy stars;
-Which God defend that I should wring from him!
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-My lord, this argues conscience in your grace;
-But the respects thereof are nice and trivial,
-All circumstances well considered.
-You say that Edward is your brother's son:
-So say we too, but not by Edward's wife;
-For first he was contract to Lady Lucy--
-Your mother lives a witness to that vow--
-And afterward by substitute betroth'd
-To Bona, sister to the King of France.
-These both put by a poor petitioner,
-A care-crazed mother of a many children,
-A beauty-waning and distressed widow,
-Even in the afternoon of her best days,
-Made prize and purchase of his lustful eye,
-Seduced the pitch and height of all his thoughts
-To base declension and loathed bigamy
-By her, in his unlawful bed, he got
-This Edward, whom our manners term the prince.
-More bitterly could I expostulate,
-Save that, for reverence to some alive,
-I give a sparing limit to my tongue.
-Then, good my lord, take to your royal self
-This proffer'd benefit of dignity;
-If non to bless us and the land withal,
-Yet to draw forth your noble ancestry
-From the corruption of abusing times,
-Unto a lineal true-derived course.
-
-Lord Mayor:
-Do, good my lord, your citizens entreat you.
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-Refuse not, mighty lord, this proffer'd love.
-
-CATESBY:
-O, make them joyful, grant their lawful suit!
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Alas, why would you heap these cares on me?
-I am unfit for state and majesty;
-I do beseech you, take it not amiss;
-I cannot nor I will not yield to you.
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-If you refuse it,--as, in love and zeal,
-Loath to depose the child, Your brother's son;
-As well we know your tenderness of heart
-And gentle, kind, effeminate remorse,
-Which we have noted in you to your kin,
-And egally indeed to all estates,--
-Yet whether you accept our suit or no,
-Your brother's son shall never reign our king;
-But we will plant some other in the throne,
-To the disgrace and downfall of your house:
-And in this resolution here we leave you.--
-Come, citizens: 'zounds! I'll entreat no more.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-O, do not swear, my lord of Buckingham.
-
-CATESBY:
-Call them again, my lord, and accept their suit.
-
-ANOTHER:
-Do, good my lord, lest all the land do rue it.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Would you enforce me to a world of care?
-Well, call them again. I am not made of stone,
-But penetrable to your. kind entreats,
-Albeit against my conscience and my soul.
-Cousin of Buckingham, and you sage, grave men,
-Since you will buckle fortune on my back,
-To bear her burthen, whether I will or no,
-I must have patience to endure the load:
-But if black scandal or foul-faced reproach
-Attend the sequel of your imposition,
-Your mere enforcement shall acquittance me
-From all the impure blots and stains thereof;
-For God he knows, and you may partly see,
-How far I am from the desire thereof.
-
-Lord Mayor:
-God bless your grace! we see it, and will say it.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-In saying so, you shall but say the truth.
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-Then I salute you with this kingly title:
-Long live Richard, England's royal king!
-
-Lord Mayor:
-Amen.
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-To-morrow will it please you to be crown'd?
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Even when you please, since you will have it so.
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-To-morrow, then, we will attend your grace:
-And so most joyfully we take our leave.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Come, let us to our holy task again.
-Farewell, good cousin; farewell, gentle friends.
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-Who meets us here? my niece Plantagenet
-Led in the hand of her kind aunt of Gloucester?
-Now, for my life, she's wandering to the Tower,
-On pure heart's love to greet the tender princes.
-Daughter, well met.
-
-LADY ANNE:
-God give your graces both
-A happy and a joyful time of day!
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-As much to you, good sister! Whither away?
-
-LADY ANNE:
-No farther than the Tower; and, as I guess,
-Upon the like devotion as yourselves,
-To gratulate the gentle princes there.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-Kind sister, thanks: we'll enter all together.
-And, in good time, here the lieutenant comes.
-Master lieutenant, pray you, by your leave,
-How doth the prince, and my young son of York?
-
-BRAKENBURY:
-Right well, dear madam. By your patience,
-I may not suffer you to visit them;
-The king hath straitly charged the contrary.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-The king! why, who's that?
-
-BRAKENBURY:
-I cry you mercy: I mean the lord protector.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-The Lord protect him from that kingly title!
-Hath he set bounds betwixt their love and me?
-I am their mother; who should keep me from them?
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-I am their fathers mother; I will see them.
-
-LADY ANNE:
-Their aunt I am in law, in love their mother:
-Then bring me to their sights; I'll bear thy blame
-And take thy office from thee, on my peril.
-
-BRAKENBURY:
-No, madam, no; I may not leave it so:
-I am bound by oath, and therefore pardon me.
-
-LORD STANLEY:
-Let me but meet you, ladies, one hour hence,
-And I'll salute your grace of York as mother,
-And reverend looker on, of two fair queens.
-Come, madam, you must straight to Westminster,
-There to be crowned Richard's royal queen.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-O, cut my lace in sunder, that my pent heart
-May have some scope to beat, or else I swoon
-With this dead-killing news!
-
-LADY ANNE:
-Despiteful tidings! O unpleasing news!
-
-DORSET:
-Be of good cheer: mother, how fares your grace?
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-O Dorset, speak not to me, get thee hence!
-Death and destruction dog thee at the heels;
-Thy mother's name is ominous to children.
-If thou wilt outstrip death, go cross the seas,
-And live with Richmond, from the reach of hell
-Go, hie thee, hie thee from this slaughter-house,
-Lest thou increase the number of the dead;
-And make me die the thrall of Margaret's curse,
-Nor mother, wife, nor England's counted queen.
-
-LORD STANLEY:
-Full of wise care is this your counsel, madam.
-Take all the swift advantage of the hours;
-You shall have letters from me to my son
-To meet you on the way, and welcome you.
-Be not ta'en tardy by unwise delay.
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-O ill-dispersing wind of misery!
-O my accursed womb, the bed of death!
-A cockatrice hast thou hatch'd to the world,
-Whose unavoided eye is murderous.
-
-LORD STANLEY:
-Come, madam, come; I in all haste was sent.
-
-LADY ANNE:
-And I in all unwillingness will go.
-I would to God that the inclusive verge
-Of golden metal that must round my brow
-Were red-hot steel, to sear me to the brain!
-Anointed let me be with deadly venom,
-And die, ere men can say, God save the queen!
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-Go, go, poor soul, I envy not thy glory
-To feed my humour, wish thyself no harm.
-
-LADY ANNE:
-No! why? When he that is my husband now
-Came to me, as I follow'd Henry's corse,
-When scarce the blood was well wash'd from his hands
-Which issued from my other angel husband
-And that dead saint which then I weeping follow'd;
-O, when, I say, I look'd on Richard's face,
-This was my wish: 'Be thou,' quoth I, ' accursed,
-For making me, so young, so old a widow!
-And, when thou wed'st, let sorrow haunt thy bed;
-And be thy wife--if any be so mad--
-As miserable by the life of thee
-As thou hast made me by my dear lord's death!
-Lo, ere I can repeat this curse again,
-Even in so short a space, my woman's heart
-Grossly grew captive to his honey words
-And proved the subject of my own soul's curse,
-Which ever since hath kept my eyes from rest;
-For never yet one hour in his bed
-Have I enjoy'd the golden dew of sleep,
-But have been waked by his timorous dreams.
-Besides, he hates me for my father Warwick;
-And will, no doubt, shortly be rid of me.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-Poor heart, adieu! I pity thy complaining.
-
-LADY ANNE:
-No more than from my soul I mourn for yours.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-Farewell, thou woful welcomer of glory!
-
-LADY ANNE:
-Adieu, poor soul, that takest thy leave of it!
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-Stay, yet look back with me unto the Tower.
-Pity, you ancient stones, those tender babes
-Whom envy hath immured within your walls!
-Rough cradle for such little pretty ones!
-Rude ragged nurse, old sullen playfellow
-For tender princes, use my babies well!
-So foolish sorrow bids your stones farewell.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Stand all apart Cousin of Buckingham!
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-My gracious sovereign?
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Give me thy hand.
-Thus high, by thy advice
-And thy assistance, is King Richard seated;
-But shall we wear these honours for a day?
-Or shall they last, and we rejoice in them?
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-Still live they and for ever may they last!
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-O Buckingham, now do I play the touch,
-To try if thou be current gold indeed
-Young Edward lives: think now what I would say.
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-Say on, my loving lord.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Why, Buckingham, I say, I would be king,
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-Why, so you are, my thrice renowned liege.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Ha! am I king? 'tis so: but Edward lives.
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-True, noble prince.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-O bitter consequence,
-That Edward still should live! 'True, noble prince!'
-Cousin, thou wert not wont to be so dull:
-Shall I be plain? I wish the bastards dead;
-And I would have it suddenly perform'd.
-What sayest thou? speak suddenly; be brief.
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-Your grace may do your pleasure.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Tut, tut, thou art all ice, thy kindness freezeth:
-Say, have I thy consent that they shall die?
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-Give me some breath, some little pause, my lord
-Before I positively herein:
-I will resolve your grace immediately.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-I will converse with iron-witted fools
-And unrespective boys: none are for me
-That look into me with considerate eyes:
-High-reaching Buckingham grows circumspect.
-Boy!
-
-Page:
-My lord?
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Know'st thou not any whom corrupting gold
-Would tempt unto a close exploit of death?
-
-Page:
-My lord, I know a discontented gentleman,
-Whose humble means match not his haughty mind:
-Gold were as good as twenty orators,
-And will, no doubt, tempt him to any thing.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-What is his name?
-
-Page:
-His name, my lord, is Tyrrel.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-I partly know the man: go, call him hither.
-The deep-revolving witty Buckingham
-No more shall be the neighbour to my counsel:
-Hath he so long held out with me untired,
-And stops he now for breath?
-How now! what news with you?
-
-STANLEY:
-My lord, I hear the Marquis Dorset's fled
-To Richmond, in those parts beyond the sea
-Where he abides.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Catesby!
-
-CATESBY:
-My lord?
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Rumour it abroad
-That Anne, my wife, is sick and like to die:
-I will take order for her keeping close.
-Inquire me out some mean-born gentleman,
-Whom I will marry straight to Clarence' daughter:
-The boy is foolish, and I fear not him.
-Look, how thou dream'st! I say again, give out
-That Anne my wife is sick and like to die:
-About it; for it stands me much upon,
-To stop all hopes whose growth may damage me.
-I must be married to my brother's daughter,
-Or else my kingdom stands on brittle glass.
-Murder her brothers, and then marry her!
-Uncertain way of gain! But I am in
-So far in blood that sin will pluck on sin:
-Tear-falling pity dwells not in this eye.
-Is thy name Tyrrel?
-
-TYRREL:
-James Tyrrel, and your most obedient subject.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Art thou, indeed?
-
-TYRREL:
-Prove me, my gracious sovereign.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Darest thou resolve to kill a friend of mine?
-
-TYRREL:
-Ay, my lord;
-But I had rather kill two enemies.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Why, there thou hast it: two deep enemies,
-Foes to my rest and my sweet sleep's disturbers
-Are they that I would have thee deal upon:
-Tyrrel, I mean those bastards in the Tower.
-
-TYRREL:
-Let me have open means to come to them,
-And soon I'll rid you from the fear of them.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Thou sing'st sweet music. Hark, come hither, Tyrrel
-Go, by this token: rise, and lend thine ear:
-There is no more but so: say it is done,
-And I will love thee, and prefer thee too.
-
-TYRREL:
-'Tis done, my gracious lord.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Shall we hear from thee, Tyrrel, ere we sleep?
-
-TYRREL:
-Ye shall, my Lord.
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-My Lord, I have consider'd in my mind
-The late demand that you did sound me in.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Well, let that pass. Dorset is fled to Richmond.
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-I hear that news, my lord.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Stanley, he is your wife's son well, look to it.
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-My lord, I claim your gift, my due by promise,
-For which your honour and your faith is pawn'd;
-The earldom of Hereford and the moveables
-The which you promised I should possess.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Stanley, look to your wife; if she convey
-Letters to Richmond, you shall answer it.
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-What says your highness to my just demand?
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-As I remember, Henry the Sixth
-Did prophesy that Richmond should be king,
-When Richmond was a little peevish boy.
-A king, perhaps, perhaps,--
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-My lord!
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-How chance the prophet could not at that time
-Have told me, I being by, that I should kill him?
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-My lord, your promise for the earldom,--
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Richmond! When last I was at Exeter,
-The mayor in courtesy show'd me the castle,
-And call'd it Rougemont: at which name I started,
-Because a bard of Ireland told me once
-I should not live long after I saw Richmond.
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-My Lord!
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Ay, what's o'clock?
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-I am thus bold to put your grace in mind
-Of what you promised me.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Well, but what's o'clock?
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-Upon the stroke of ten.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Well, let it strike.
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-Why let it strike?
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Because that, like a Jack, thou keep'st the stroke
-Betwixt thy begging and my meditation.
-I am not in the giving vein to-day.
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-Why, then resolve me whether you will or no.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Tut, tut,
-Thou troublest me; am not in the vein.
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-Is it even so? rewards he my true service
-With such deep contempt made I him king for this?
-O, let me think on Hastings, and be gone
-To Brecknock, while my fearful head is on!
-
-TYRREL:
-The tyrannous and bloody deed is done.
-The most arch of piteous massacre
-That ever yet this land was guilty of.
-Dighton and Forrest, whom I did suborn
-To do this ruthless piece of butchery,
-Although they were flesh'd villains, bloody dogs,
-Melting with tenderness and kind compassion
-Wept like two children in their deaths' sad stories.
-'Lo, thus' quoth Dighton, 'lay those tender babes:'
-'Thus, thus,' quoth Forrest, 'girdling one another
-Within their innocent alabaster arms:
-Their lips were four red roses on a stalk,
-Which in their summer beauty kiss'd each other.
-A book of prayers on their pillow lay;
-Which once,' quoth Forrest, 'almost changed my mind;
-But O! the devil'--there the villain stopp'd
-Whilst Dighton thus told on: 'We smothered
-The most replenished sweet work of nature,
-That from the prime creation e'er she framed.'
-Thus both are gone with conscience and remorse;
-They could not speak; and so I left them both,
-To bring this tidings to the bloody king.
-And here he comes.
-All hail, my sovereign liege!
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Kind Tyrrel, am I happy in thy news?
-
-TYRREL:
-If to have done the thing you gave in charge
-Beget your happiness, be happy then,
-For it is done, my lord.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-But didst thou see them dead?
-
-TYRREL:
-I did, my lord.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-And buried, gentle Tyrrel?
-
-TYRREL:
-The chaplain of the Tower hath buried them;
-But how or in what place I do not know.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Come to me, Tyrrel, soon at after supper,
-And thou shalt tell the process of their death.
-Meantime, but think how I may do thee good,
-And be inheritor of thy desire.
-Farewell till soon.
-The son of Clarence have I pent up close;
-His daughter meanly have I match'd in marriage;
-The sons of Edward sleep in Abraham's bosom,
-And Anne my wife hath bid the world good night.
-Now, for I know the Breton Richmond aims
-At young Elizabeth, my brother's daughter,
-And, by that knot, looks proudly o'er the crown,
-To her I go, a jolly thriving wooer.
-
-CATESBY:
-My lord!
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Good news or bad, that thou comest in so bluntly?
-
-CATESBY:
-Bad news, my lord: Ely is fled to Richmond;
-And Buckingham, back'd with the hardy Welshmen,
-Is in the field, and still his power increaseth.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Ely with Richmond troubles me more near
-Than Buckingham and his rash-levied army.
-Come, I have heard that fearful commenting
-Is leaden servitor to dull delay;
-Delay leads impotent and snail-paced beggary
-Then fiery expedition be my wing,
-Jove's Mercury, and herald for a king!
-Come, muster men: my counsel is my shield;
-We must be brief when traitors brave the field.
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-So, now prosperity begins to mellow
-And drop into the rotten mouth of death.
-Here in these confines slily have I lurk'd,
-To watch the waning of mine adversaries.
-A dire induction am I witness to,
-And will to France, hoping the consequence
-Will prove as bitter, black, and tragical.
-Withdraw thee, wretched Margaret: who comes here?
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-Ah, my young princes! ah, my tender babes!
-My unblown flowers, new-appearing sweets!
-If yet your gentle souls fly in the air
-And be not fix'd in doom perpetual,
-Hover about me with your airy wings
-And hear your mother's lamentation!
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-Hover about her; say, that right for right
-Hath dimm'd your infant morn to aged night.
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-So many miseries have crazed my voice,
-That my woe-wearied tongue is mute and dumb,
-Edward Plantagenet, why art thou dead?
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-Plantagenet doth quit Plantagenet.
-Edward for Edward pays a dying debt.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-Wilt thou, O God, fly from such gentle lambs,
-And throw them in the entrails of the wolf?
-When didst thou sleep when such a deed was done?
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-When holy Harry died, and my sweet son.
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-Blind sight, dead life, poor mortal living ghost,
-Woe's scene, world's shame, grave's due by life usurp'd,
-Brief abstract and record of tedious days,
-Rest thy unrest on England's lawful earth,
-Unlawfully made drunk with innocents' blood!
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-O, that thou wouldst as well afford a grave
-As thou canst yield a melancholy seat!
-Then would I hide my bones, not rest them here.
-O, who hath any cause to mourn but I?
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-If ancient sorrow be most reverend,
-Give mine the benefit of seniory,
-And let my woes frown on the upper hand.
-If sorrow can admit society,
-Tell o'er your woes again by viewing mine:
-I had an Edward, till a Richard kill'd him;
-I had a Harry, till a Richard kill'd him:
-Thou hadst an Edward, till a Richard kill'd him;
-Thou hadst a Richard, till a Richard killed him;
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-I had a Richard too, and thou didst kill him;
-I had a Rutland too, thou holp'st to kill him.
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-Thou hadst a Clarence too, and Richard kill'd him.
-From forth the kennel of thy womb hath crept
-A hell-hound that doth hunt us all to death:
-That dog, that had his teeth before his eyes,
-To worry lambs and lap their gentle blood,
-That foul defacer of God's handiwork,
-That excellent grand tyrant of the earth,
-That reigns in galled eyes of weeping souls,
-Thy womb let loose, to chase us to our graves.
-O upright, just, and true-disposing God,
-How do I thank thee, that this carnal cur
-Preys on the issue of his mother's body,
-And makes her pew-fellow with others' moan!
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-O Harry's wife, triumph not in my woes!
-God witness with me, I have wept for thine.
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-Bear with me; I am hungry for revenge,
-And now I cloy me with beholding it.
-Thy Edward he is dead, that stabb'd my Edward:
-Thy other Edward dead, to quit my Edward;
-Young York he is but boot, because both they
-Match not the high perfection of my loss:
-Thy Clarence he is dead that kill'd my Edward;
-And the beholders of this tragic play,
-The adulterate Hastings, Rivers, Vaughan, Grey,
-Untimely smother'd in their dusky graves.
-Richard yet lives, hell's black intelligencer,
-Only reserved their factor, to buy souls
-And send them thither: but at hand, at hand,
-Ensues his piteous and unpitied end:
-Earth gapes, hell burns, fiends roar, saints pray.
-To have him suddenly convey'd away.
-Cancel his bond of life, dear God, I prey,
-That I may live to say, The dog is dead!
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-O, thou didst prophesy the time would come
-That I should wish for thee to help me curse
-That bottled spider, that foul bunch-back'd toad!
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-I call'd thee then vain flourish of my fortune;
-I call'd thee then poor shadow, painted queen;
-The presentation of but what I was;
-The flattering index of a direful pageant;
-One heaved a-high, to be hurl'd down below;
-A mother only mock'd with two sweet babes;
-A dream of what thou wert, a breath, a bubble,
-A sign of dignity, a garish flag,
-To be the aim of every dangerous shot,
-A queen in jest, only to fill the scene.
-Where is thy husband now? where be thy brothers?
-Where are thy children? wherein dost thou, joy?
-Who sues to thee and cries 'God save the queen'?
-Where be the bending peers that flatter'd thee?
-Where be the thronging troops that follow'd thee?
-Decline all this, and see what now thou art:
-For happy wife, a most distressed widow;
-For joyful mother, one that wails the name;
-For queen, a very caitiff crown'd with care;
-For one being sued to, one that humbly sues;
-For one that scorn'd at me, now scorn'd of me;
-For one being fear'd of all, now fearing one;
-For one commanding all, obey'd of none.
-Thus hath the course of justice wheel'd about,
-And left thee but a very prey to time;
-Having no more but thought of what thou wert,
-To torture thee the more, being what thou art.
-Thou didst usurp my place, and dost thou not
-Usurp the just proportion of my sorrow?
-Now thy proud neck bears half my burthen'd yoke;
-From which even here I slip my weary neck,
-And leave the burthen of it all on thee.
-Farewell, York's wife, and queen of sad mischance:
-These English woes will make me smile in France.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-O thou well skill'd in curses, stay awhile,
-And teach me how to curse mine enemies!
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-Forbear to sleep the nights, and fast the days;
-Compare dead happiness with living woe;
-Think that thy babes were fairer than they were,
-And he that slew them fouler than he is:
-Bettering thy loss makes the bad causer worse:
-Revolving this will teach thee how to curse.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-My words are dull; O, quicken them with thine!
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-Thy woes will make them sharp, and pierce like mine.
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-Why should calamity be full of words?
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-Windy attorneys to their client woes,
-Airy succeeders of intestate joys,
-Poor breathing orators of miseries!
-Let them have scope: though what they do impart
-Help not all, yet do they ease the heart.
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-If so, then be not tongue-tied: go with me.
-And in the breath of bitter words let's smother
-My damned son, which thy two sweet sons smother'd.
-I hear his drum: be copious in exclaims.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Who intercepts my expedition?
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-O, she that might have intercepted thee,
-By strangling thee in her accursed womb
-From all the slaughters, wretch, that thou hast done!
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-Hidest thou that forehead with a golden crown,
-Where should be graven, if that right were right,
-The slaughter of the prince that owed that crown,
-And the dire death of my two sons and brothers?
-Tell me, thou villain slave, where are my children?
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-Thou toad, thou toad, where is thy brother Clarence?
-And little Ned Plantagenet, his son?
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-Where is kind Hastings, Rivers, Vaughan, Grey?
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-A flourish, trumpets! strike alarum, drums!
-Let not the heavens hear these tell-tale women
-Rail on the Lord's enointed: strike, I say!
-Either be patient, and entreat me fair,
-Or with the clamorous report of war
-Thus will I drown your exclamations.
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-Art thou my son?
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Ay, I thank God, my father, and yourself.
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-Then patiently hear my impatience.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Madam, I have a touch of your condition,
-Which cannot brook the accent of reproof.
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-O, let me speak!
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Do then: but I'll not hear.
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-I will be mild and gentle in my speech.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-And brief, good mother; for I am in haste.
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-Art thou so hasty? I have stay'd for thee,
-God knows, in anguish, pain and agony.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-And came I not at last to comfort you?
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-No, by the holy rood, thou know'st it well,
-Thou camest on earth to make the earth my hell.
-A grievous burthen was thy birth to me;
-Tetchy and wayward was thy infancy;
-Thy school-days frightful, desperate, wild, and furious,
-Thy prime of manhood daring, bold, and venturous,
-Thy age confirm'd, proud, subdued, bloody,
-treacherous,
-More mild, but yet more harmful, kind in hatred:
-What comfortable hour canst thou name,
-That ever graced me in thy company?
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Faith, none, but Humphrey Hour, that call'd
-your grace
-To breakfast once forth of my company.
-If I be so disgracious in your sight,
-Let me march on, and not offend your grace.
-Strike the drum.
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-I prithee, hear me speak.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-You speak too bitterly.
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-Hear me a word;
-For I shall never speak to thee again.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-So.
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-Either thou wilt die, by God's just ordinance,
-Ere from this war thou turn a conqueror,
-Or I with grief and extreme age shall perish
-And never look upon thy face again.
-Therefore take with thee my most heavy curse;
-Which, in the day of battle, tire thee more
-Than all the complete armour that thou wear'st!
-My prayers on the adverse party fight;
-And there the little souls of Edward's children
-Whisper the spirits of thine enemies
-And promise them success and victory.
-Bloody thou art, bloody will be thy end;
-Shame serves thy life and doth thy death attend.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-Though far more cause, yet much less spirit to curse
-Abides in me; I say amen to all.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Stay, madam; I must speak a word with you.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-I have no more sons of the royal blood
-For thee to murder: for my daughters, Richard,
-They shall be praying nuns, not weeping queens;
-And therefore level not to hit their lives.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-You have a daughter call'd Elizabeth,
-Virtuous and fair, royal and gracious.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-And must she die for this? O, let her live,
-And I'll corrupt her manners, stain her beauty;
-Slander myself as false to Edward's bed;
-Throw over her the veil of infamy:
-So she may live unscarr'd of bleeding slaughter,
-I will confess she was not Edward's daughter.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Wrong not her birth, she is of royal blood.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-To save her life, I'll say she is not so.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Her life is only safest in her birth.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-And only in that safety died her brothers.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Lo, at their births good stars were opposite.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-No, to their lives bad friends were contrary.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-All unavoided is the doom of destiny.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-True, when avoided grace makes destiny:
-My babes were destined to a fairer death,
-If grace had bless'd thee with a fairer life.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-You speak as if that I had slain my cousins.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-Cousins, indeed; and by their uncle cozen'd
-Of comfort, kingdom, kindred, freedom, life.
-Whose hand soever lanced their tender hearts,
-Thy head, all indirectly, gave direction:
-No doubt the murderous knife was dull and blunt
-Till it was whetted on thy stone-hard heart,
-To revel in the entrails of my lambs.
-But that still use of grief makes wild grief tame,
-My tongue should to thy ears not name my boys
-Till that my nails were anchor'd in thine eyes;
-And I, in such a desperate bay of death,
-Like a poor bark, of sails and tackling reft,
-Rush all to pieces on thy rocky bosom.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Madam, so thrive I in my enterprise
-And dangerous success of bloody wars,
-As I intend more good to you and yours,
-Than ever you or yours were by me wrong'd!
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-What good is cover'd with the face of heaven,
-To be discover'd, that can do me good?
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-The advancement of your children, gentle lady.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-Up to some scaffold, there to lose their heads?
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-No, to the dignity and height of honour
-The high imperial type of this earth's glory.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-Flatter my sorrows with report of it;
-Tell me what state, what dignity, what honour,
-Canst thou demise to any child of mine?
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Even all I have; yea, and myself and all,
-Will I withal endow a child of thine;
-So in the Lethe of thy angry soul
-Thou drown the sad remembrance of those wrongs
-Which thou supposest I have done to thee.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-Be brief, lest that be process of thy kindness
-Last longer telling than thy kindness' date.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Then know, that from my soul I love thy daughter.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-My daughter's mother thinks it with her soul.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-What do you think?
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-That thou dost love my daughter from thy soul:
-So from thy soul's love didst thou love her brothers;
-And from my heart's love I do thank thee for it.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Be not so hasty to confound my meaning:
-I mean, that with my soul I love thy daughter,
-And mean to make her queen of England.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-Say then, who dost thou mean shall be her king?
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Even he that makes her queen who should be else?
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-What, thou?
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-I, even I: what think you of it, madam?
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-How canst thou woo her?
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-That would I learn of you,
-As one that are best acquainted with her humour.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-And wilt thou learn of me?
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Madam, with all my heart.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-Send to her, by the man that slew her brothers,
-A pair of bleeding-hearts; thereon engrave
-Edward and York; then haply she will weep:
-Therefore present to her--as sometime Margaret
-Did to thy father, steep'd in Rutland's blood,--
-A handkerchief; which, say to her, did drain
-The purple sap from her sweet brother's body
-And bid her dry her weeping eyes therewith.
-If this inducement force her not to love,
-Send her a story of thy noble acts;
-Tell her thou madest away her uncle Clarence,
-Her uncle Rivers; yea, and, for her sake,
-Madest quick conveyance with her good aunt Anne.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Come, come, you mock me; this is not the way
-To win our daughter.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-There is no other way
-Unless thou couldst put on some other shape,
-And not be Richard that hath done all this.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Say that I did all this for love of her.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-Nay, then indeed she cannot choose but hate thee,
-Having bought love with such a bloody spoil.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Look, what is done cannot be now amended:
-Men shall deal unadvisedly sometimes,
-Which after hours give leisure to repent.
-If I did take the kingdom from your sons,
-To make amends, Ill give it to your daughter.
-If I have kill'd the issue of your womb,
-To quicken your increase, I will beget
-Mine issue of your blood upon your daughter
-A grandam's name is little less in love
-Than is the doting title of a mother;
-They are as children but one step below,
-Even of your mettle, of your very blood;
-Of an one pain, save for a night of groans
-Endured of her, for whom you bid like sorrow.
-Your children were vexation to your youth,
-But mine shall be a comfort to your age.
-The loss you have is but a son being king,
-And by that loss your daughter is made queen.
-I cannot make you what amends I would,
-Therefore accept such kindness as I can.
-Dorset your son, that with a fearful soul
-Leads discontented steps in foreign soil,
-This fair alliance quickly shall call home
-To high promotions and great dignity:
-The king, that calls your beauteous daughter wife.
-Familiarly shall call thy Dorset brother;
-Again shall you be mother to a king,
-And all the ruins of distressful times
-Repair'd with double riches of content.
-What! we have many goodly days to see:
-The liquid drops of tears that you have shed
-Shall come again, transform'd to orient pearl,
-Advantaging their loan with interest
-Of ten times double gain of happiness.
-Go, then my mother, to thy daughter go
-Make bold her bashful years with your experience;
-Prepare her ears to hear a wooer's tale
-Put in her tender heart the aspiring flame
-Of golden sovereignty; acquaint the princess
-With the sweet silent hours of marriage joys
-And when this arm of mine hath chastised
-The petty rebel, dull-brain'd Buckingham,
-Bound with triumphant garlands will I come
-And lead thy daughter to a conqueror's bed;
-To whom I will retail my conquest won,
-And she shall be sole victress, Caesar's Caesar.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-What were I best to say? her father's brother
-Would be her lord? or shall I say, her uncle?
-Or, he that slew her brothers and her uncles?
-Under what title shall I woo for thee,
-That God, the law, my honour and her love,
-Can make seem pleasing to her tender years?
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Infer fair England's peace by this alliance.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-Which she shall purchase with still lasting war.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Say that the king, which may command, entreats.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-That at her hands which the king's King forbids.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Say, she shall be a high and mighty queen.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-To wail the tide, as her mother doth.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Say, I will love her everlastingly.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-But how long shall that title 'ever' last?
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Sweetly in force unto her fair life's end.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-But how long fairly shall her sweet lie last?
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-So long as heaven and nature lengthens it.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-So long as hell and Richard likes of it.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Say, I, her sovereign, am her subject love.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-But she, your subject, loathes such sovereignty.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Be eloquent in my behalf to her.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-An honest tale speeds best being plainly told.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Then in plain terms tell her my loving tale.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-Plain and not honest is too harsh a style.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Your reasons are too shallow and too quick.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-O no, my reasons are too deep and dead;
-Too deep and dead, poor infants, in their grave.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Harp not on that string, madam; that is past.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-Harp on it still shall I till heart-strings break.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Now, by my George, my garter, and my crown,--
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-Profaned, dishonour'd, and the third usurp'd.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-I swear--
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-By nothing; for this is no oath:
-The George, profaned, hath lost his holy honour;
-The garter, blemish'd, pawn'd his knightly virtue;
-The crown, usurp'd, disgraced his kingly glory.
-if something thou wilt swear to be believed,
-Swear then by something that thou hast not wrong'd.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Now, by the world--
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-'Tis full of thy foul wrongs.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-My father's death--
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-Thy life hath that dishonour'd.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Then, by myself--
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-Thyself thyself misusest.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Why then, by God--
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-God's wrong is most of all.
-If thou hadst fear'd to break an oath by Him,
-The unity the king thy brother made
-Had not been broken, nor my brother slain:
-If thou hadst fear'd to break an oath by Him,
-The imperial metal, circling now thy brow,
-Had graced the tender temples of my child,
-And both the princes had been breathing here,
-Which now, two tender playfellows to dust,
-Thy broken faith hath made a prey for worms.
-What canst thou swear by now?
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-The time to come.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-That thou hast wronged in the time o'erpast;
-For I myself have many tears to wash
-Hereafter time, for time past wrong'd by thee.
-The children live, whose parents thou hast
-slaughter'd,
-Ungovern'd youth, to wail it in their age;
-The parents live, whose children thou hast butcher'd,
-Old wither'd plants, to wail it with their age.
-Swear not by time to come; for that thou hast
-Misused ere used, by time misused o'erpast.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-As I intend to prosper and repent,
-So thrive I in my dangerous attempt
-Of hostile arms! myself myself confound!
-Heaven and fortune bar me happy hours!
-Day, yield me not thy light; nor, night, thy rest!
-Be opposite all planets of good luck
-To my proceedings, if, with pure heart's love,
-Immaculate devotion, holy thoughts,
-I tender not thy beauteous princely daughter!
-In her consists my happiness and thine;
-Without her, follows to this land and me,
-To thee, herself, and many a Christian soul,
-Death, desolation, ruin and decay:
-It cannot be avoided but by this;
-It will not be avoided but by this.
-Therefore, good mother,--I must can you so--
-Be the attorney of my love to her:
-Plead what I will be, not what I have been;
-Not my deserts, but what I will deserve:
-Urge the necessity and state of times,
-And be not peevish-fond in great designs.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-Shall I be tempted of the devil thus?
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Ay, if the devil tempt thee to do good.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-Shall I forget myself to be myself?
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Ay, if yourself's remembrance wrong yourself.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-But thou didst kill my children.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-But in your daughter's womb I bury them:
-Where in that nest of spicery they shall breed
-Selves of themselves, to your recomforture.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-Shall I go win my daughter to thy will?
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-And be a happy mother by the deed.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-I go. Write to me very shortly.
-And you shall understand from me her mind.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Bear her my true love's kiss; and so, farewell.
-Relenting fool, and shallow, changing woman!
-How now! what news?
-
-RATCLIFF:
-My gracious sovereign, on the western coast
-Rideth a puissant navy; to the shore
-Throng many doubtful hollow-hearted friends,
-Unarm'd, and unresolved to beat them back:
-'Tis thought that Richmond is their admiral;
-And there they hull, expecting but the aid
-Of Buckingham to welcome them ashore.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Some light-foot friend post to the Duke of Norfolk:
-Ratcliff, thyself, or Catesby; where is he?
-
-CATESBY:
-Here, my lord.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Fly to the duke:
-Post thou to Salisbury
-When thou comest thither--
-Dull, unmindful villain,
-Why stand'st thou still, and go'st not to the duke?
-
-CATESBY:
-First, mighty sovereign, let me know your mind,
-What from your grace I shall deliver to him.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-O, true, good Catesby: bid him levy straight
-The greatest strength and power he can make,
-And meet me presently at Salisbury.
-
-CATESBY:
-I go.
-
-RATCLIFF:
-What is't your highness' pleasure I shall do at
-Salisbury?
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Why, what wouldst thou do there before I go?
-
-RATCLIFF:
-Your highness told me I should post before.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-My mind is changed, sir, my mind is changed.
-How now, what news with you?
-
-STANLEY:
-None good, my lord, to please you with the hearing;
-Nor none so bad, but it may well be told.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Hoyday, a riddle! neither good nor bad!
-Why dost thou run so many mile about,
-When thou mayst tell thy tale a nearer way?
-Once more, what news?
-
-STANLEY:
-Richmond is on the seas.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-There let him sink, and be the seas on him!
-White-liver'd runagate, what doth he there?
-
-STANLEY:
-I know not, mighty sovereign, but by guess.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Well, sir, as you guess, as you guess?
-
-STANLEY:
-Stirr'd up by Dorset, Buckingham, and Ely,
-He makes for England, there to claim the crown.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Is the chair empty? is the sword unsway'd?
-Is the king dead? the empire unpossess'd?
-What heir of York is there alive but we?
-And who is England's king but great York's heir?
-Then, tell me, what doth he upon the sea?
-
-STANLEY:
-Unless for that, my liege, I cannot guess.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Unless for that he comes to be your liege,
-You cannot guess wherefore the Welshman comes.
-Thou wilt revolt, and fly to him, I fear.
-
-STANLEY:
-No, mighty liege; therefore mistrust me not.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Where is thy power, then, to beat him back?
-Where are thy tenants and thy followers?
-Are they not now upon the western shore.
-Safe-conducting the rebels from their ships!
-
-STANLEY:
-No, my good lord, my friends are in the north.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Cold friends to Richard: what do they in the north,
-When they should serve their sovereign in the west?
-
-STANLEY:
-They have not been commanded, mighty sovereign:
-Please it your majesty to give me leave,
-I'll muster up my friends, and meet your grace
-Where and what time your majesty shall please.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Ay, ay. thou wouldst be gone to join with Richmond:
-I will not trust you, sir.
-
-STANLEY:
-Most mighty sovereign,
-You have no cause to hold my friendship doubtful:
-I never was nor never will be false.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Well,
-Go muster men; but, hear you, leave behind
-Your son, George Stanley: look your faith be firm.
-Or else his head's assurance is but frail.
-
-STANLEY:
-So deal with him as I prove true to you.
-
-Messenger:
-My gracious sovereign, now in Devonshire,
-As I by friends am well advertised,
-Sir Edward Courtney, and the haughty prelate
-Bishop of Exeter, his brother there,
-With many more confederates, are in arms.
-
-Second Messenger:
-My liege, in Kent the Guildfords are in arms;
-And every hour more competitors
-Flock to their aid, and still their power increaseth.
-
-Third Messenger:
-My lord, the army of the Duke of Buckingham--
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Out on you, owls! nothing but songs of death?
-Take that, until thou bring me better news.
-
-Third Messenger:
-The news I have to tell your majesty
-Is, that by sudden floods and fall of waters,
-Buckingham's army is dispersed and scatter'd;
-And he himself wander'd away alone,
-No man knows whither.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-I cry thee mercy:
-There is my purse to cure that blow of thine.
-Hath any well-advised friend proclaim'd
-Reward to him that brings the traitor in?
-
-Third Messenger:
-Such proclamation hath been made, my liege.
-
-Fourth Messenger:
-Sir Thomas Lovel and Lord Marquis Dorset,
-'Tis said, my liege, in Yorkshire are in arms.
-Yet this good comfort bring I to your grace,
-The Breton navy is dispersed by tempest:
-Richmond, in Yorkshire, sent out a boat
-Unto the shore, to ask those on the banks
-If they were his assistants, yea or no;
-Who answer'd him, they came from Buckingham.
-Upon his party: he, mistrusting them,
-Hoisted sail and made away for Brittany.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-March on, march on, since we are up in arms;
-If not to fight with foreign enemies,
-Yet to beat down these rebels here at home.
-
-CATESBY:
-My liege, the Duke of Buckingham is taken;
-That is the best news: that the Earl of Richmond
-Is with a mighty power landed at Milford,
-Is colder tidings, yet they must be told.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Away towards Salisbury! while we reason here,
-A royal battle might be won and lost
-Some one take order Buckingham be brought
-To Salisbury; the rest march on with me.
-
-DERBY:
-Sir Christopher, tell Richmond this from me:
-That in the sty of this most bloody boar
-My son George Stanley is frank'd up in hold:
-If I revolt, off goes young George's head;
-The fear of that withholds my present aid.
-But, tell me, where is princely Richmond now?
-
-CHRISTOPHER:
-At Pembroke, or at Harford-west, in Wales.
-
-DERBY:
-What men of name resort to him?
-
-CHRISTOPHER:
-Sir Walter Herbert, a renowned soldier;
-Sir Gilbert Talbot, Sir William Stanley;
-Oxford, redoubted Pembroke, Sir James Blunt,
-And Rice ap Thomas with a valiant crew;
-And many more of noble fame and worth:
-And towards London they do bend their course,
-If by the way they be not fought withal.
-
-DERBY:
-Return unto thy lord; commend me to him:
-Tell him the queen hath heartily consented
-He shall espouse Elizabeth her daughter.
-These letters will resolve him of my mind. Farewell.
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-Will not King Richard let me speak with him?
-
-Sheriff:
-No, my good lord; therefore be patient.
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-Hastings, and Edward's children, Rivers, Grey,
-Holy King Henry, and thy fair son Edward,
-Vaughan, and all that have miscarried
-By underhand corrupted foul injustice,
-If that your moody discontented souls
-Do through the clouds behold this present hour,
-Even for revenge mock my destruction!
-This is All-Souls' day, fellows, is it not?
-
-Sheriff:
-It is, my lord.
-
-BUCKINGHAM:
-Why, then All-Souls' day is my body's doomsday.
-This is the day that, in King Edward's time,
-I wish't might fall on me, when I was found
-False to his children or his wife's allies
-This is the day wherein I wish'd to fall
-By the false faith of him I trusted most;
-This, this All-Souls' day to my fearful soul
-Is the determined respite of my wrongs:
-That high All-Seer that I dallied with
-Hath turn'd my feigned prayer on my head
-And given in earnest what I begg'd in jest.
-Thus doth he force the swords of wicked men
-To turn their own points on their masters' bosoms:
-Now Margaret's curse is fallen upon my head;
-'When he,' quoth she, 'shall split thy heart with sorrow,
-Remember Margaret was a prophetess.'
-Come, sirs, convey me to the block of shame;
-Wrong hath but wrong, and blame the due of blame.
-
-RICHMOND:
-Fellows in arms, and my most loving friends,
-Bruised underneath the yoke of tyranny,
-Thus far into the bowels of the land
-Have we march'd on without impediment;
-And here receive we from our father Stanley
-Lines of fair comfort and encouragement.
-The wretched, bloody, and usurping boar,
-That spoil'd your summer fields and fruitful vines,
-Swills your warm blood like wash, and makes his trough
-In your embowell'd bosoms, this foul swine
-Lies now even in the centre of this isle,
-Near to the town of Leicester, as we learn
-From Tamworth thither is but one day's march.
-In God's name, cheerly on, courageous friends,
-To reap the harvest of perpetual peace
-By this one bloody trial of sharp war.
-
-OXFORD:
-Every man's conscience is a thousand swords,
-To fight against that bloody homicide.
-
-HERBERT:
-I doubt not but his friends will fly to us.
-
-BLUNT:
-He hath no friends but who are friends for fear.
-Which in his greatest need will shrink from him.
-
-RICHMOND:
-All for our vantage. Then, in God's name, march:
-True hope is swift, and flies with swallow's wings:
-Kings it makes gods, and meaner creatures kings.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Here pitch our tents, even here in Bosworth field.
-My Lord of Surrey, why look you so sad?
-
-SURREY:
-My heart is ten times lighter than my looks.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-My Lord of Norfolk,--
-
-NORFOLK:
-Here, most gracious liege.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Norfolk, we must have knocks; ha! must we not?
-
-NORFOLK:
-We must both give and take, my gracious lord.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Up with my tent there! here will I lie tonight;
-But where to-morrow? Well, all's one for that.
-Who hath descried the number of the foe?
-
-NORFOLK:
-Six or seven thousand is their utmost power.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Why, our battalion trebles that account:
-Besides, the king's name is a tower of strength,
-Which they upon the adverse party want.
-Up with my tent there! Valiant gentlemen,
-Let us survey the vantage of the field
-Call for some men of sound direction
-Let's want no discipline, make no delay,
-For, lords, to-morrow is a busy day.
-
-RICHMOND:
-The weary sun hath made a golden set,
-And by the bright track of his fiery car,
-Gives signal, of a goodly day to-morrow.
-Sir William Brandon, you shall bear my standard.
-Give me some ink and paper in my tent
-I'll draw the form and model of our battle,
-Limit each leader to his several charge,
-And part in just proportion our small strength.
-My Lord of Oxford, you, Sir William Brandon,
-And you, Sir Walter Herbert, stay with me.
-The Earl of Pembroke keeps his regiment:
-Good Captain Blunt, bear my good night to him
-And by the second hour in the morning
-Desire the earl to see me in my tent:
-Yet one thing more, good Blunt, before thou go'st,
-Where is Lord Stanley quarter'd, dost thou know?
-
-BLUNT:
-Unless I have mista'en his colours much,
-Which well I am assured I have not done,
-His regiment lies half a mile at least
-South from the mighty power of the king.
-
-RICHMOND:
-If without peril it be possible,
-Good Captain Blunt, bear my good-night to him,
-And give him from me this most needful scroll.
-
-BLUNT:
-Upon my life, my lord, I'll under-take it;
-And so, God give you quiet rest to-night!
-
-RICHMOND:
-Good night, good Captain Blunt. Come gentlemen,
-Let us consult upon to-morrow's business
-In to our tent; the air is raw and cold.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-What is't o'clock?
-
-CATESBY:
-It's supper-time, my lord;
-It's nine o'clock.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-I will not sup to-night.
-Give me some ink and paper.
-What, is my beaver easier than it was?
-And all my armour laid into my tent?
-
-CATESBY:
-If is, my liege; and all things are in readiness.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Good Norfolk, hie thee to thy charge;
-Use careful watch, choose trusty sentinels.
-
-NORFOLK:
-I go, my lord.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Stir with the lark to-morrow, gentle Norfolk.
-
-NORFOLK:
-I warrant you, my lord.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Catesby!
-
-CATESBY:
-My lord?
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Send out a pursuivant at arms
-To Stanley's regiment; bid him bring his power
-Before sunrising, lest his son George fall
-Into the blind cave of eternal night.
-Fill me a bowl of wine. Give me a watch.
-Saddle white Surrey for the field to-morrow.
-Look that my staves be sound, and not too heavy.
-Ratcliff!
-
-RATCLIFF:
-My lord?
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Saw'st thou the melancholy Lord Northumberland?
-
-RATCLIFF:
-Thomas the Earl of Surrey, and himself,
-Much about cock-shut time, from troop to troop
-Went through the army, cheering up the soldiers.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-So, I am satisfied. Give me a bowl of wine:
-I have not that alacrity of spirit,
-Nor cheer of mind, that I was wont to have.
-Set it down. Is ink and paper ready?
-
-RATCLIFF:
-It is, my lord.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Bid my guard watch; leave me.
-Ratcliff, about the mid of night come to my tent
-And help to arm me. Leave me, I say.
-
-DERBY:
-Fortune and victory sit on thy helm!
-
-RICHMOND:
-All comfort that the dark night can afford
-Be to thy person, noble father-in-law!
-Tell me, how fares our loving mother?
-
-DERBY:
-I, by attorney, bless thee from thy mother
-Who prays continually for Richmond's good:
-So much for that. The silent hours steal on,
-And flaky darkness breaks within the east.
-In brief,--for so the season bids us be,--
-Prepare thy battle early in the morning,
-And put thy fortune to the arbitrement
-Of bloody strokes and mortal-staring war.
-I, as I may--that which I would I cannot,--
-With best advantage will deceive the time,
-And aid thee in this doubtful shock of arms:
-But on thy side I may not be too forward
-Lest, being seen, thy brother, tender George,
-Be executed in his father's sight.
-Farewell: the leisure and the fearful time
-Cuts off the ceremonious vows of love
-And ample interchange of sweet discourse,
-Which so long sunder'd friends should dwell upon:
-God give us leisure for these rites of love!
-Once more, adieu: be valiant, and speed well!
-
-RICHMOND:
-Good lords, conduct him to his regiment:
-I'll strive, with troubled thoughts, to take a nap,
-Lest leaden slumber peise me down to-morrow,
-When I should mount with wings of victory:
-Once more, good night, kind lords and gentlemen.
-O Thou, whose captain I account myself,
-Look on my forces with a gracious eye;
-Put in their hands thy bruising irons of wrath,
-That they may crush down with a heavy fall
-The usurping helmets of our adversaries!
-Make us thy ministers of chastisement,
-That we may praise thee in the victory!
-To thee I do commend my watchful soul,
-Ere I let fall the windows of mine eyes:
-Sleeping and waking, O, defend me still!
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Give me another horse: bind up my wounds.
-Have mercy, Jesu!--Soft! I did but dream.
-O coward conscience, how dost thou afflict me!
-The lights burn blue. It is now dead midnight.
-Cold fearful drops stand on my trembling flesh.
-What do I fear? myself? there's none else by:
-Richard loves Richard; that is, I am I.
-Is there a murderer here? No. Yes, I am:
-Then fly. What, from myself? Great reason why:
-Lest I revenge. What, myself upon myself?
-Alack. I love myself. Wherefore? for any good
-That I myself have done unto myself?
-O, no! alas, I rather hate myself
-For hateful deeds committed by myself!
-I am a villain: yet I lie. I am not.
-Fool, of thyself speak well: fool, do not flatter.
-My conscience hath a thousand several tongues,
-And every tongue brings in a several tale,
-And every tale condemns me for a villain.
-Perjury, perjury, in the high'st degree
-Murder, stem murder, in the direst degree;
-All several sins, all used in each degree,
-Throng to the bar, crying all, Guilty! guilty!
-I shall despair. There is no creature loves me;
-And if I die, no soul shall pity me:
-Nay, wherefore should they, since that I myself
-Find in myself no pity to myself?
-Methought the souls of all that I had murder'd
-Came to my tent; and every one did threat
-To-morrow's vengeance on the head of Richard.
-
-RATCLIFF:
-My lord!
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-'Zounds! who is there?
-
-RATCLIFF:
-Ratcliff, my lord; 'tis I. The early village-cock
-Hath twice done salutation to the morn;
-Your friends are up, and buckle on their armour.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-O Ratcliff, I have dream'd a fearful dream!
-What thinkest thou, will our friends prove all true?
-
-RATCLIFF:
-No doubt, my lord.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-O Ratcliff, I fear, I fear,--
-
-RATCLIFF:
-Nay, good my lord, be not afraid of shadows.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-By the apostle Paul, shadows to-night
-Have struck more terror to the soul of Richard
-Than can the substance of ten thousand soldiers
-Armed in proof, and led by shallow Richmond.
-It is not yet near day. Come, go with me;
-Under our tents I'll play the eaves-dropper,
-To see if any mean to shrink from me.
-
-LORDS:
-Good morrow, Richmond!
-
-RICHMOND:
-Cry mercy, lords and watchful gentlemen,
-That you have ta'en a tardy sluggard here.
-
-LORDS:
-How have you slept, my lord?
-
-RICHMOND:
-The sweetest sleep, and fairest-boding dreams
-That ever enter'd in a drowsy head,
-Have I since your departure had, my lords.
-Methought their souls, whose bodies Richard murder'd,
-Came to my tent, and cried on victory:
-I promise you, my soul is very jocund
-In the remembrance of so fair a dream.
-How far into the morning is it, lords?
-
-LORDS:
-Upon the stroke of four.
-
-RICHMOND:
-Why, then 'tis time to arm and give direction.
-More than I have said, loving countrymen,
-The leisure and enforcement of the time
-Forbids to dwell upon: yet remember this,
-God and our good cause fight upon our side;
-The prayers of holy saints and wronged souls,
-Like high-rear'd bulwarks, stand before our faces;
-Richard except, those whom we fight against
-Had rather have us win than him they follow:
-For what is he they follow? truly, gentlemen,
-A bloody tyrant and a homicide;
-One raised in blood, and one in blood establish'd;
-One that made means to come by what he hath,
-And slaughter'd those that were the means to help him;
-Abase foul stone, made precious by the foil
-Of England's chair, where he is falsely set;
-One that hath ever been God's enemy:
-Then, if you fight against God's enemy,
-God will in justice ward you as his soldiers;
-If you do sweat to put a tyrant down,
-You sleep in peace, the tyrant being slain;
-If you do fight against your country's foes,
-Your country's fat shall pay your pains the hire;
-If you do fight in safeguard of your wives,
-Your wives shall welcome home the conquerors;
-If you do free your children from the sword,
-Your children's children quit it in your age.
-Then, in the name of God and all these rights,
-Advance your standards, draw your willing swords.
-For me, the ransom of my bold attempt
-Shall be this cold corpse on the earth's cold face;
-But if I thrive, the gain of my attempt
-The least of you shall share his part thereof.
-Sound drums and trumpets boldly and cheerfully;
-God and Saint George! Richmond and victory!
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-What said Northumberland as touching Richmond?
-
-RATCLIFF:
-That he was never trained up in arms.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-He said the truth: and what said Surrey then?
-
-RATCLIFF:
-He smiled and said 'The better for our purpose.'
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-He was in the right; and so indeed it is.
-Ten the clock there. Give me a calendar.
-Who saw the sun to-day?
-
-RATCLIFF:
-Not I, my lord.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Then he disdains to shine; for by the book
-He should have braved the east an hour ago
-A black day will it be to somebody. Ratcliff!
-
-RATCLIFF:
-My lord?
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-The sun will not be seen to-day;
-The sky doth frown and lour upon our army.
-I would these dewy tears were from the ground.
-Not shine to-day! Why, what is that to me
-More than to Richmond? for the selfsame heaven
-That frowns on me looks sadly upon him.
-
-NORFOLK:
-Arm, arm, my lord; the foe vaunts in the field.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Come, bustle, bustle; caparison my horse.
-Call up Lord Stanley, bid him bring his power:
-I will lead forth my soldiers to the plain,
-And thus my battle shall be ordered:
-My foreward shall be drawn out all in length,
-Consisting equally of horse and foot;
-Our archers shall be placed in the midst
-John Duke of Norfolk, Thomas Earl of Surrey,
-Shall have the leading of this foot and horse.
-They thus directed, we will follow
-In the main battle, whose puissance on either side
-Shall be well winged with our chiefest horse.
-This, and Saint George to boot! What think'st thou, Norfolk?
-
-NORFOLK:
-A good direction, warlike sovereign.
-This found I on my tent this morning.
-
-Messenger:
-My lord, he doth deny to come.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Off with his son George's head!
-
-NORFOLK:
-My lord, the enemy is past the marsh
-After the battle let George Stanley die.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-A thousand hearts are great within my bosom:
-Advance our standards, set upon our foes
-Our ancient word of courage, fair Saint George,
-Inspire us with the spleen of fiery dragons!
-Upon them! victory sits on our helms.
-
-CATESBY:
-Rescue, my Lord of Norfolk, rescue, rescue!
-The king enacts more wonders than a man,
-Daring an opposite to every danger:
-His horse is slain, and all on foot he fights,
-Seeking for Richmond in the throat of death.
-Rescue, fair lord, or else the day is lost!
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-A horse! a horse! my kingdom for a horse!
-
-CATESBY:
-Withdraw, my lord; I'll help you to a horse.
-
-KING RICHARD III:
-Slave, I have set my life upon a cast,
-And I will stand the hazard of the die:
-I think there be six Richmonds in the field;
-Five have I slain to-day instead of him.
-A horse! a horse! my kingdom for a horse!
-
-RICHMOND:
-God and your arms be praised, victorious friends,
-The day is ours, the bloody dog is dead.
-
-DERBY:
-Courageous Richmond, well hast thou acquit thee.
-Lo, here, this long-usurped royalty
-From the dead temples of this bloody wretch
-Have I pluck'd off, to grace thy brows withal:
-Wear it, enjoy it, and make much of it.
-
-RICHMOND:
-Great God of heaven, say Amen to all!
-But, tell me, is young George Stanley living?
-
-DERBY:
-He is, my lord, and safe in Leicester town;
-Whither, if it please you, we may now withdraw us.
-
-RICHMOND:
-What men of name are slain on either side?
-
-DERBY:
-John Duke of Norfolk, Walter Lord Ferrers,
-Sir Robert Brakenbury, and Sir William Brandon.
-
-RICHMOND:
-Inter their bodies as becomes their births:
-Proclaim a pardon to the soldiers fled
-That in submission will return to us:
-And then, as we have ta'en the sacrament,
-We will unite the white rose and the red:
-Smile heaven upon this fair conjunction,
-That long have frown'd upon their enmity!
-What traitor hears me, and says not amen?
-England hath long been mad, and scarr'd herself;
-The brother blindly shed the brother's blood,
-The father rashly slaughter'd his own son,
-The son, compell'd, been butcher to the sire:
-All this divided York and Lancaster,
-Divided in their dire division,
-O, now, let Richmond and Elizabeth,
-The true succeeders of each royal house,
-By God's fair ordinance conjoin together!
-And let their heirs, God, if thy will be so.
-Enrich the time to come with smooth-faced peace,
-With smiling plenty and fair prosperous days!
-Abate the edge of traitors, gracious Lord,
-That would reduce these bloody days again,
-And make poor England weep in streams of blood!
-Let them not live to taste this land's increase
-That would with treason wound this fair land's peace!
-Now civil wounds are stopp'd, peace lives again:
-That she may long live here, God say amen!
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-Old John of Gaunt, time-honour'd Lancaster,
-Hast thou, according to thy oath and band,
-Brought hither Henry Hereford thy bold son,
-Here to make good the boisterous late appeal,
-Which then our leisure would not let us hear,
-Against the Duke of Norfolk, Thomas Mowbray?
-
-JOHN OF GAUNT:
-I have, my liege.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-Tell me, moreover, hast thou sounded him,
-If he appeal the duke on ancient malice;
-Or worthily, as a good subject should,
-On some known ground of treachery in him?
-
-JOHN OF GAUNT:
-As near as I could sift him on that argument,
-On some apparent danger seen in him
-Aim'd at your highness, no inveterate malice.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-Then call them to our presence; face to face,
-And frowning brow to brow, ourselves will hear
-The accuser and the accused freely speak:
-High-stomach'd are they both, and full of ire,
-In rage deaf as the sea, hasty as fire.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-Many years of happy days befal
-My gracious sovereign, my most loving liege!
-
-THOMAS MOWBRAY:
-Each day still better other's happiness;
-Until the heavens, envying earth's good hap,
-Add an immortal title to your crown!
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-We thank you both: yet one but flatters us,
-As well appeareth by the cause you come;
-Namely to appeal each other of high treason.
-Cousin of Hereford, what dost thou object
-Against the Duke of Norfolk, Thomas Mowbray?
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-First, heaven be the record to my speech!
-In the devotion of a subject's love,
-Tendering the precious safety of my prince,
-And free from other misbegotten hate,
-Come I appellant to this princely presence.
-Now, Thomas Mowbray, do I turn to thee,
-And mark my greeting well; for what I speak
-My body shall make good upon this earth,
-Or my divine soul answer it in heaven.
-Thou art a traitor and a miscreant,
-Too good to be so and too bad to live,
-Since the more fair and crystal is the sky,
-The uglier seem the clouds that in it fly.
-Once more, the more to aggravate the note,
-With a foul traitor's name stuff I thy throat;
-And wish, so please my sovereign, ere I move,
-What my tongue speaks my right drawn sword may prove.
-
-THOMAS MOWBRAY:
-Let not my cold words here accuse my zeal:
-'Tis not the trial of a woman's war,
-The bitter clamour of two eager tongues,
-Can arbitrate this cause betwixt us twain;
-The blood is hot that must be cool'd for this:
-Yet can I not of such tame patience boast
-As to be hush'd and nought at all to say:
-First, the fair reverence of your highness curbs me
-From giving reins and spurs to my free speech;
-Which else would post until it had return'd
-These terms of treason doubled down his throat.
-Setting aside his high blood's royalty,
-And let him be no kinsman to my liege,
-I do defy him, and I spit at him;
-Call him a slanderous coward and a villain:
-Which to maintain I would allow him odds,
-And meet him, were I tied to run afoot
-Even to the frozen ridges of the Alps,
-Or any other ground inhabitable,
-Where ever Englishman durst set his foot.
-Mean time let this defend my loyalty,
-By all my hopes, most falsely doth he lie.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-Pale trembling coward, there I throw my gage,
-Disclaiming here the kindred of the king,
-And lay aside my high blood's royalty,
-Which fear, not reverence, makes thee to except.
-If guilty dread have left thee so much strength
-As to take up mine honour's pawn, then stoop:
-By that and all the rites of knighthood else,
-Will I make good against thee, arm to arm,
-What I have spoke, or thou canst worse devise.
-
-THOMAS MOWBRAY:
-I take it up; and by that sword I swear
-Which gently laid my knighthood on my shoulder,
-I'll answer thee in any fair degree,
-Or chivalrous design of knightly trial:
-And when I mount, alive may I not light,
-If I be traitor or unjustly fight!
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-What doth our cousin lay to Mowbray's charge?
-It must be great that can inherit us
-So much as of a thought of ill in him.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-Look, what I speak, my life shall prove it true;
-That Mowbray hath received eight thousand nobles
-In name of lendings for your highness' soldiers,
-The which he hath detain'd for lewd employments,
-Like a false traitor and injurious villain.
-Besides I say and will in battle prove,
-Or here or elsewhere to the furthest verge
-That ever was survey'd by English eye,
-That all the treasons for these eighteen years
-Complotted and contrived in this land
-Fetch from false Mowbray their first head and spring.
-Further I say and further will maintain
-Upon his bad life to make all this good,
-That he did plot the Duke of Gloucester's death,
-Suggest his soon-believing adversaries,
-And consequently, like a traitor coward,
-Sluiced out his innocent soul through streams of blood:
-Which blood, like sacrificing Abel's, cries,
-Even from the tongueless caverns of the earth,
-To me for justice and rough chastisement;
-And, by the glorious worth of my descent,
-This arm shall do it, or this life be spent.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-How high a pitch his resolution soars!
-Thomas of Norfolk, what say'st thou to this?
-
-THOMAS MOWBRAY:
-O, let my sovereign turn away his face
-And bid his ears a little while be deaf,
-Till I have told this slander of his blood,
-How God and good men hate so foul a liar.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-Mowbray, impartial are our eyes and ears:
-Were he my brother, nay, my kingdom's heir,
-As he is but my father's brother's son,
-Now, by my sceptre's awe, I make a vow,
-Such neighbour nearness to our sacred blood
-Should nothing privilege him, nor partialize
-The unstooping firmness of my upright soul:
-He is our subject, Mowbray; so art thou:
-Free speech and fearless I to thee allow.
-
-THOMAS MOWBRAY:
-Then, Bolingbroke, as low as to thy heart,
-Through the false passage of thy throat, thou liest.
-Three parts of that receipt I had for Calais
-Disbursed I duly to his highness' soldiers;
-The other part reserved I by consent,
-For that my sovereign liege was in my debt
-Upon remainder of a dear account,
-Since last I went to France to fetch his queen:
-Now swallow down that lie. For Gloucester's death,
-I slew him not; but to my own disgrace
-Neglected my sworn duty in that case.
-For you, my noble Lord of Lancaster,
-The honourable father to my foe
-Once did I lay an ambush for your life,
-A trespass that doth vex my grieved soul
-But ere I last received the sacrament
-I did confess it, and exactly begg'd
-Your grace's pardon, and I hope I had it.
-This is my fault: as for the rest appeall'd,
-It issues from the rancour of a villain,
-A recreant and most degenerate traitor
-Which in myself I boldly will defend;
-And interchangeably hurl down my gage
-Upon this overweening traitor's foot,
-To prove myself a loyal gentleman
-Even in the best blood chamber'd in his bosom.
-In haste whereof, most heartily I pray
-Your highness to assign our trial day.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-Wrath-kindled gentlemen, be ruled by me;
-Let's purge this choler without letting blood:
-This we prescribe, though no physician;
-Deep malice makes too deep incision;
-Forget, forgive; conclude and be agreed;
-Our doctors say this is no month to bleed.
-Good uncle, let this end where it begun;
-We'll calm the Duke of Norfolk, you your son.
-
-JOHN OF GAUNT:
-To be a make-peace shall become my age:
-Throw down, my son, the Duke of Norfolk's gage.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-And, Norfolk, throw down his.
-
-JOHN OF GAUNT:
-When, Harry, when?
-Obedience bids I should not bid again.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-Norfolk, throw down, we bid; there is no boot.
-
-THOMAS MOWBRAY:
-Myself I throw, dread sovereign, at thy foot.
-My life thou shalt command, but not my shame:
-The one my duty owes; but my fair name,
-Despite of death that lives upon my grave,
-To dark dishonour's use thou shalt not have.
-I am disgraced, impeach'd and baffled here,
-Pierced to the soul with slander's venom'd spear,
-The which no balm can cure but his heart-blood
-Which breathed this poison.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-Rage must be withstood:
-Give me his gage: lions make leopards tame.
-
-THOMAS MOWBRAY:
-Yea, but not change his spots: take but my shame.
-And I resign my gage. My dear dear lord,
-The purest treasure mortal times afford
-Is spotless reputation: that away,
-Men are but gilded loam or painted clay.
-A jewel in a ten-times-barr'd-up chest
-Is a bold spirit in a loyal breast.
-Mine honour is my life; both grow in one:
-Take honour from me, and my life is done:
-Then, dear my liege, mine honour let me try;
-In that I live and for that will I die.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-Cousin, throw up your gage; do you begin.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-O, God defend my soul from such deep sin!
-Shall I seem crest-fall'n in my father's sight?
-Or with pale beggar-fear impeach my height
-Before this out-dared dastard? Ere my tongue
-Shall wound my honour with such feeble wrong,
-Or sound so base a parle, my teeth shall tear
-The slavish motive of recanting fear,
-And spit it bleeding in his high disgrace,
-Where shame doth harbour, even in Mowbray's face.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-We were not born to sue, but to command;
-Which since we cannot do to make you friends,
-Be ready, as your lives shall answer it,
-At Coventry, upon Saint Lambert's day:
-There shall your swords and lances arbitrate
-The swelling difference of your settled hate:
-Since we can not atone you, we shall see
-Justice design the victor's chivalry.
-Lord marshal, command our officers at arms
-Be ready to direct these home alarms.
-
-JOHN OF GAUNT:
-Alas, the part I had in Woodstock's blood
-Doth more solicit me than your exclaims,
-To stir against the butchers of his life!
-But since correction lieth in those hands
-Which made the fault that we cannot correct,
-Put we our quarrel to the will of heaven;
-Who, when they see the hours ripe on earth,
-Will rain hot vengeance on offenders' heads.
-
-DUCHESS:
-Finds brotherhood in thee no sharper spur?
-Hath love in thy old blood no living fire?
-Edward's seven sons, whereof thyself art one,
-Were as seven vials of his sacred blood,
-Or seven fair branches springing from one root:
-Some of those seven are dried by nature's course,
-Some of those branches by the Destinies cut;
-But Thomas, my dear lord, my life, my Gloucester,
-One vial full of Edward's sacred blood,
-One flourishing branch of his most royal root,
-Is crack'd, and all the precious liquor spilt,
-Is hack'd down, and his summer leaves all faded,
-By envy's hand and murder's bloody axe.
-Ah, Gaunt, his blood was thine! that bed, that womb,
-That metal, that self-mould, that fashion'd thee
-Made him a man; and though thou livest and breathest,
-Yet art thou slain in him: thou dost consent
-In some large measure to thy father's death,
-In that thou seest thy wretched brother die,
-Who was the model of thy father's life.
-Call it not patience, Gaunt; it is despair:
-In suffering thus thy brother to be slaughter'd,
-Thou showest the naked pathway to thy life,
-Teaching stern murder how to butcher thee:
-That which in mean men we intitle patience
-Is pale cold cowardice in noble breasts.
-What shall I say? to safeguard thine own life,
-The best way is to venge my Gloucester's death.
-
-JOHN OF GAUNT:
-God's is the quarrel; for God's substitute,
-His deputy anointed in His sight,
-Hath caused his death: the which if wrongfully,
-Let heaven revenge; for I may never lift
-An angry arm against His minister.
-
-DUCHESS:
-Where then, alas, may I complain myself?
-
-JOHN OF GAUNT:
-To God, the widow's champion and defence.
-
-DUCHESS:
-Why, then, I will. Farewell, old Gaunt.
-Thou goest to Coventry, there to behold
-Our cousin Hereford and fell Mowbray fight:
-O, sit my husband's wrongs on Hereford's spear,
-That it may enter butcher Mowbray's breast!
-Or, if misfortune miss the first career,
-Be Mowbray's sins so heavy in his bosom,
-They may break his foaming courser's back,
-And throw the rider headlong in the lists,
-A caitiff recreant to my cousin Hereford!
-Farewell, old Gaunt: thy sometimes brother's wife
-With her companion grief must end her life.
-
-JOHN OF GAUNT:
-Sister, farewell; I must to Coventry:
-As much good stay with thee as go with me!
-
-DUCHESS:
-Yet one word more: grief boundeth where it falls,
-Not with the empty hollowness, but weight:
-I take my leave before I have begun,
-For sorrow ends not when it seemeth done.
-Commend me to thy brother, Edmund York.
-Lo, this is all:--nay, yet depart not so;
-Though this be all, do not so quickly go;
-I shall remember more. Bid him--ah, what?--
-With all good speed at Plashy visit me.
-Alack, and what shall good old York there see
-But empty lodgings and unfurnish'd walls,
-Unpeopled offices, untrodden stones?
-And what hear there for welcome but my groans?
-Therefore commend me; let him not come there,
-To seek out sorrow that dwells every where.
-Desolate, desolate, will I hence and die:
-The last leave of thee takes my weeping eye.
-
-Lord Marshal:
-My Lord Aumerle, is Harry Hereford arm'd?
-
-DUKE OF AUMERLE:
-Yea, at all points; and longs to enter in.
-
-Lord Marshal:
-The Duke of Norfolk, sprightfully and bold,
-Stays but the summons of the appellant's trumpet.
-
-DUKE OF AUMERLE:
-Why, then, the champions are prepared, and stay
-For nothing but his majesty's approach.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-Marshal, demand of yonder champion
-The cause of his arrival here in arms:
-Ask him his name and orderly proceed
-To swear him in the justice of his cause.
-
-Lord Marshal:
-In God's name and the king's, say who thou art
-And why thou comest thus knightly clad in arms,
-Against what man thou comest, and what thy quarrel:
-Speak truly, on thy knighthood and thy oath;
-As so defend thee heaven and thy valour!
-
-THOMAS MOWBRAY:
-My name is Thomas Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk;
-Who hither come engaged by my oath--
-Which God defend a knight should violate!--
-Both to defend my loyalty and truth
-To God, my king and my succeeding issue,
-Against the Duke of Hereford that appeals me
-And, by the grace of God and this mine arm,
-To prove him, in defending of myself,
-A traitor to my God, my king, and me:
-And as I truly fight, defend me heaven!
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-Marshal, ask yonder knight in arms,
-Both who he is and why he cometh hither
-Thus plated in habiliments of war,
-And formally, according to our law,
-Depose him in the justice of his cause.
-
-Lord Marshal:
-What is thy name? and wherefore comest thou hither,
-Before King Richard in his royal lists?
-Against whom comest thou? and what's thy quarrel?
-Speak like a true knight, so defend thee heaven!
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-Harry of Hereford, Lancaster and Derby
-Am I; who ready here do stand in arms,
-To prove, by God's grace and my body's valour,
-In lists, on Thomas Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk,
-That he is a traitor, foul and dangerous,
-To God of heaven, King Richard and to me;
-And as I truly fight, defend me heaven!
-
-Lord Marshal:
-On pain of death, no person be so bold
-Or daring-hardy as to touch the lists,
-Except the marshal and such officers
-Appointed to direct these fair designs.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-Lord marshal, let me kiss my sovereign's hand,
-And bow my knee before his majesty:
-For Mowbray and myself are like two men
-That vow a long and weary pilgrimage;
-Then let us take a ceremonious leave
-And loving farewell of our several friends.
-
-Lord Marshal:
-The appellant in all duty greets your highness,
-And craves to kiss your hand and take his leave.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-We will descend and fold him in our arms.
-Cousin of Hereford, as thy cause is right,
-So be thy fortune in this royal fight!
-Farewell, my blood; which if to-day thou shed,
-Lament we may, but not revenge thee dead.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-O let no noble eye profane a tear
-For me, if I be gored with Mowbray's spear:
-As confident as is the falcon's flight
-Against a bird, do I with Mowbray fight.
-My loving lord, I take my leave of you;
-Of you, my noble cousin, Lord Aumerle;
-Not sick, although I have to do with death,
-But lusty, young, and cheerly drawing breath.
-Lo, as at English feasts, so I regreet
-The daintiest last, to make the end most sweet:
-O thou, the earthly author of my blood,
-Whose youthful spirit, in me regenerate,
-Doth with a twofold vigour lift me up
-To reach at victory above my head,
-Add proof unto mine armour with thy prayers;
-And with thy blessings steel my lance's point,
-That it may enter Mowbray's waxen coat,
-And furbish new the name of John a Gaunt,
-Even in the lusty havior of his son.
-
-JOHN OF GAUNT:
-God in thy good cause make thee prosperous!
-Be swift like lightning in the execution;
-And let thy blows, doubly redoubled,
-Fall like amazing thunder on the casque
-Of thy adverse pernicious enemy:
-Rouse up thy youthful blood, be valiant and live.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-Mine innocency and Saint George to thrive!
-
-THOMAS MOWBRAY:
-However God or fortune cast my lot,
-There lives or dies, true to King Richard's throne,
-A loyal, just and upright gentleman:
-Never did captive with a freer heart
-Cast off his chains of bondage and embrace
-His golden uncontroll'd enfranchisement,
-More than my dancing soul doth celebrate
-This feast of battle with mine adversary.
-Most mighty liege, and my companion peers,
-Take from my mouth the wish of happy years:
-As gentle and as jocund as to jest
-Go I to fight: truth hath a quiet breast.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-Farewell, my lord: securely I espy
-Virtue with valour couched in thine eye.
-Order the trial, marshal, and begin.
-
-Lord Marshal:
-Harry of Hereford, Lancaster and Derby,
-Receive thy lance; and God defend the right!
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-Strong as a tower in hope, I cry amen.
-
-Lord Marshal:
-Go bear this lance to Thomas, Duke of Norfolk.
-
-First Herald:
-Harry of Hereford, Lancaster and Derby,
-Stands here for God, his sovereign and himself,
-On pain to be found false and recreant,
-To prove the Duke of Norfolk, Thomas Mowbray,
-A traitor to his God, his king and him;
-And dares him to set forward to the fight.
-
-Second Herald:
-Here standeth Thomas Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk,
-On pain to be found false and recreant,
-Both to defend himself and to approve
-Henry of Hereford, Lancaster, and Derby,
-To God, his sovereign and to him disloyal;
-Courageously and with a free desire
-Attending but the signal to begin.
-
-Lord Marshal:
-Sound, trumpets; and set forward, combatants.
-Stay, the king hath thrown his warder down.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-Let them lay by their helmets and their spears,
-And both return back to their chairs again:
-Withdraw with us: and let the trumpets sound
-While we return these dukes what we decree.
-Draw near,
-And list what with our council we have done.
-For that our kingdom's earth should not be soil'd
-With that dear blood which it hath fostered;
-And for our eyes do hate the dire aspect
-Of civil wounds plough'd up with neighbours' sword;
-And for we think the eagle-winged pride
-Of sky-aspiring and ambitious thoughts,
-With rival-hating envy, set on you
-To wake our peace, which in our country's cradle
-Draws the sweet infant breath of gentle sleep;
-Which so roused up with boisterous untuned drums,
-With harsh resounding trumpets' dreadful bray,
-And grating shock of wrathful iron arms,
-Might from our quiet confines fright fair peace
-And make us wade even in our kindred's blood,
-Therefore, we banish you our territories:
-You, cousin Hereford, upon pain of life,
-Till twice five summers have enrich'd our fields
-Shall not regreet our fair dominions,
-But tread the stranger paths of banishment.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-Your will be done: this must my comfort be,
-Sun that warms you here shall shine on me;
-And those his golden beams to you here lent
-Shall point on me and gild my banishment.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-Norfolk, for thee remains a heavier doom,
-Which I with some unwillingness pronounce:
-The sly slow hours shall not determinate
-The dateless limit of thy dear exile;
-The hopeless word of 'never to return'
-Breathe I against thee, upon pain of life.
-
-THOMAS MOWBRAY:
-A heavy sentence, my most sovereign liege,
-And all unlook'd for from your highness' mouth:
-A dearer merit, not so deep a maim
-As to be cast forth in the common air,
-Have I deserved at your highness' hands.
-The language I have learn'd these forty years,
-My native English, now I must forego:
-And now my tongue's use is to me no more
-Than an unstringed viol or a harp,
-Or like a cunning instrument cased up,
-Or, being open, put into his hands
-That knows no touch to tune the harmony:
-Within my mouth you have engaol'd my tongue,
-Doubly portcullis'd with my teeth and lips;
-And dull unfeeling barren ignorance
-Is made my gaoler to attend on me.
-I am too old to fawn upon a nurse,
-Too far in years to be a pupil now:
-What is thy sentence then but speechless death,
-Which robs my tongue from breathing native breath?
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-It boots thee not to be compassionate:
-After our sentence plaining comes too late.
-
-THOMAS MOWBRAY:
-Then thus I turn me from my country's light,
-To dwell in solemn shades of endless night.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-Return again, and take an oath with thee.
-Lay on our royal sword your banish'd hands;
-Swear by the duty that you owe to God--
-Our part therein we banish with yourselves--
-To keep the oath that we administer:
-You never shall, so help you truth and God!
-Embrace each other's love in banishment;
-Nor never look upon each other's face;
-Nor never write, regreet, nor reconcile
-This louring tempest of your home-bred hate;
-Nor never by advised purpose meet
-To plot, contrive, or complot any ill
-'Gainst us, our state, our subjects, or our land.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-I swear.
-
-THOMAS MOWBRAY:
-And I, to keep all this.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-Norfolk, so far as to mine enemy:--
-By this time, had the king permitted us,
-One of our souls had wander'd in the air.
-Banish'd this frail sepulchre of our flesh,
-As now our flesh is banish'd from this land:
-Confess thy treasons ere thou fly the realm;
-Since thou hast far to go, bear not along
-The clogging burthen of a guilty soul.
-
-THOMAS MOWBRAY:
-No, Bolingbroke: if ever I were traitor,
-My name be blotted from the book of life,
-And I from heaven banish'd as from hence!
-But what thou art, God, thou, and I do know;
-And all too soon, I fear, the king shall rue.
-Farewell, my liege. Now no way can I stray;
-Save back to England, all the world's my way.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-Uncle, even in the glasses of thine eyes
-I see thy grieved heart: thy sad aspect
-Hath from the number of his banish'd years
-Pluck'd four away.
-Six frozen winter spent,
-Return with welcome home from banishment.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-How long a time lies in one little word!
-Four lagging winters and four wanton springs
-End in a word: such is the breath of kings.
-
-JOHN OF GAUNT:
-I thank my liege, that in regard of me
-He shortens four years of my son's exile:
-But little vantage shall I reap thereby;
-For, ere the six years that he hath to spend
-Can change their moons and bring their times about
-My oil-dried lamp and time-bewasted light
-Shall be extinct with age and endless night;
-My inch of taper will be burnt and done,
-And blindfold death not let me see my son.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-Why uncle, thou hast many years to live.
-
-JOHN OF GAUNT:
-But not a minute, king, that thou canst give:
-Shorten my days thou canst with sullen sorrow,
-And pluck nights from me, but not lend a morrow;
-Thou canst help time to furrow me with age,
-But stop no wrinkle in his pilgrimage;
-Thy word is current with him for my death,
-But dead, thy kingdom cannot buy my breath.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-Thy son is banish'd upon good advice,
-Whereto thy tongue a party-verdict gave:
-Why at our justice seem'st thou then to lour?
-
-JOHN OF GAUNT:
-Things sweet to taste prove in digestion sour.
-You urged me as a judge; but I had rather
-You would have bid me argue like a father.
-O, had it been a stranger, not my child,
-To smooth his fault I should have been more mild:
-A partial slander sought I to avoid,
-And in the sentence my own life destroy'd.
-Alas, I look'd when some of you should say,
-I was too strict to make mine own away;
-But you gave leave to my unwilling tongue
-Against my will to do myself this wrong.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-Cousin, farewell; and, uncle, bid him so:
-Six years we banish him, and he shall go.
-
-DUKE OF AUMERLE:
-Cousin, farewell: what presence must not know,
-From where you do remain let paper show.
-
-Lord Marshal:
-My lord, no leave take I; for I will ride,
-As far as land will let me, by your side.
-
-JOHN OF GAUNT:
-O, to what purpose dost thou hoard thy words,
-That thou return'st no greeting to thy friends?
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-I have too few to take my leave of you,
-When the tongue's office should be prodigal
-To breathe the abundant dolour of the heart.
-
-JOHN OF GAUNT:
-Thy grief is but thy absence for a time.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-Joy absent, grief is present for that time.
-
-JOHN OF GAUNT:
-What is six winters? they are quickly gone.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-To men in joy; but grief makes one hour ten.
-
-JOHN OF GAUNT:
-Call it a travel that thou takest for pleasure.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-My heart will sigh when I miscall it so,
-Which finds it an inforced pilgrimage.
-
-JOHN OF GAUNT:
-The sullen passage of thy weary steps
-Esteem as foil wherein thou art to set
-The precious jewel of thy home return.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-Nay, rather, every tedious stride I make
-Will but remember me what a deal of world
-I wander from the jewels that I love.
-Must I not serve a long apprenticehood
-To foreign passages, and in the end,
-Having my freedom, boast of nothing else
-But that I was a journeyman to grief?
-
-JOHN OF GAUNT:
-All places that the eye of heaven visits
-Are to a wise man ports and happy havens.
-Teach thy necessity to reason thus;
-There is no virtue like necessity.
-Think not the king did banish thee,
-But thou the king. Woe doth the heavier sit,
-Where it perceives it is but faintly borne.
-Go, say I sent thee forth to purchase honour
-And not the king exiled thee; or suppose
-Devouring pestilence hangs in our air
-And thou art flying to a fresher clime:
-Look, what thy soul holds dear, imagine it
-To lie that way thou go'st, not whence thou comest:
-Suppose the singing birds musicians,
-The grass whereon thou tread'st the presence strew'd,
-The flowers fair ladies, and thy steps no more
-Than a delightful measure or a dance;
-For gnarling sorrow hath less power to bite
-The man that mocks at it and sets it light.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-O, who can hold a fire in his hand
-By thinking on the frosty Caucasus?
-Or cloy the hungry edge of appetite
-By bare imagination of a feast?
-Or wallow naked in December snow
-By thinking on fantastic summer's heat?
-O, no! the apprehension of the good
-Gives but the greater feeling to the worse:
-Fell sorrow's tooth doth never rankle more
-Than when he bites, but lanceth not the sore.
-
-JOHN OF GAUNT:
-Come, come, my son, I'll bring thee on thy way:
-Had I thy youth and cause, I would not stay.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-Then, England's ground, farewell; sweet soil, adieu;
-My mother, and my nurse, that bears me yet!
-Where'er I wander, boast of this I can,
-Though banish'd, yet a trueborn Englishman.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-We did observe. Cousin Aumerle,
-How far brought you high Hereford on his way?
-
-DUKE OF AUMERLE:
-I brought high Hereford, if you call him so,
-But to the next highway, and there I left him.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-And say, what store of parting tears were shed?
-
-DUKE OF AUMERLE:
-Faith, none for me; except the north-east wind,
-Which then blew bitterly against our faces,
-Awaked the sleeping rheum, and so by chance
-Did grace our hollow parting with a tear.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-What said our cousin when you parted with him?
-
-DUKE OF AUMERLE:
-'Farewell:'
-And, for my heart disdained that my tongue
-Should so profane the word, that taught me craft
-To counterfeit oppression of such grief
-That words seem'd buried in my sorrow's grave.
-Marry, would the word 'farewell' have lengthen'd hours
-And added years to his short banishment,
-He should have had a volume of farewells;
-But since it would not, he had none of me.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-He is our cousin, cousin; but 'tis doubt,
-When time shall call him home from banishment,
-Whether our kinsman come to see his friends.
-Ourself and Bushy, Bagot here and Green
-Observed his courtship to the common people;
-How he did seem to dive into their hearts
-With humble and familiar courtesy,
-What reverence he did throw away on slaves,
-Wooing poor craftsmen with the craft of smiles
-And patient underbearing of his fortune,
-As 'twere to banish their affects with him.
-Off goes his bonnet to an oyster-wench;
-A brace of draymen bid God speed him well
-And had the tribute of his supple knee,
-With 'Thanks, my countrymen, my loving friends;'
-As were our England in reversion his,
-And he our subjects' next degree in hope.
-
-GREEN:
-Well, he is gone; and with him go these thoughts.
-Now for the rebels which stand out in Ireland,
-Expedient manage must be made, my liege,
-Ere further leisure yield them further means
-For their advantage and your highness' loss.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-We will ourself in person to this war:
-And, for our coffers, with too great a court
-And liberal largess, are grown somewhat light,
-We are inforced to farm our royal realm;
-The revenue whereof shall furnish us
-For our affairs in hand: if that come short,
-Our substitutes at home shall have blank charters;
-Whereto, when they shall know what men are rich,
-They shall subscribe them for large sums of gold
-And send them after to supply our wants;
-For we will make for Ireland presently.
-Bushy, what news?
-
-BUSHY:
-Old John of Gaunt is grievous sick, my lord,
-Suddenly taken; and hath sent post haste
-To entreat your majesty to visit him.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-Where lies he?
-
-BUSHY:
-At Ely House.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-Now put it, God, in the physician's mind
-To help him to his grave immediately!
-The lining of his coffers shall make coats
-To deck our soldiers for these Irish wars.
-Come, gentlemen, let's all go visit him:
-Pray God we may make haste, and come too late!
-
-All:
-Amen.
-
-JOHN OF GAUNT:
-Will the king come, that I may breathe my last
-In wholesome counsel to his unstaid youth?
-
-DUKE OF YORK:
-Vex not yourself, nor strive not with your breath;
-For all in vain comes counsel to his ear.
-
-JOHN OF GAUNT:
-O, but they say the tongues of dying men
-Enforce attention like deep harmony:
-Where words are scarce, they are seldom spent in vain,
-For they breathe truth that breathe their words in pain.
-He that no more must say is listen'd more
-Than they whom youth and ease have taught to glose;
-More are men's ends mark'd than their lives before:
-The setting sun, and music at the close,
-As the last taste of sweets, is sweetest last,
-Writ in remembrance more than things long past:
-Though Richard my life's counsel would not hear,
-My death's sad tale may yet undeaf his ear.
-
-DUKE OF YORK:
-No; it is stopp'd with other flattering sounds,
-As praises, of whose taste the wise are fond,
-Lascivious metres, to whose venom sound
-The open ear of youth doth always listen;
-Report of fashions in proud Italy,
-Whose manners still our tardy apish nation
-Limps after in base imitation.
-Where doth the world thrust forth a vanity--
-So it be new, there's no respect how vile--
-That is not quickly buzzed into his ears?
-Then all too late comes counsel to be heard,
-Where will doth mutiny with wit's regard.
-Direct not him whose way himself will choose:
-'Tis breath thou lack'st, and that breath wilt thou lose.
-
-JOHN OF GAUNT:
-Methinks I am a prophet new inspired
-And thus expiring do foretell of him:
-His rash fierce blaze of riot cannot last,
-For violent fires soon burn out themselves;
-Small showers last long, but sudden storms are short;
-He tires betimes that spurs too fast betimes;
-With eager feeding food doth choke the feeder:
-Light vanity, insatiate cormorant,
-Consuming means, soon preys upon itself.
-This royal throne of kings, this scepter'd isle,
-This earth of majesty, this seat of Mars,
-This other Eden, demi-paradise,
-This fortress built by Nature for herself
-Against infection and the hand of war,
-This happy breed of men, this little world,
-This precious stone set in the silver sea,
-Which serves it in the office of a wall,
-Or as a moat defensive to a house,
-Against the envy of less happier lands,
-This blessed plot, this earth, this realm, this England,
-This nurse, this teeming womb of royal kings,
-Fear'd by their breed and famous by their birth,
-Renowned for their deeds as far from home,
-For Christian service and true chivalry,
-As is the sepulchre in stubborn Jewry,
-Of the world's ransom, blessed Mary's Son,
-This land of such dear souls, this dear dear land,
-Dear for her reputation through the world,
-Is now leased out, I die pronouncing it,
-Like to a tenement or pelting farm:
-England, bound in with the triumphant sea
-Whose rocky shore beats back the envious siege
-Of watery Neptune, is now bound in with shame,
-With inky blots and rotten parchment bonds:
-That England, that was wont to conquer others,
-Hath made a shameful conquest of itself.
-Ah, would the scandal vanish with my life,
-How happy then were my ensuing death!
-
-DUKE OF YORK:
-The king is come: deal mildly with his youth;
-For young hot colts being raged do rage the more.
-
-QUEEN:
-How fares our noble uncle, Lancaster?
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-What comfort, man? how is't with aged Gaunt?
-
-JOHN OF GAUNT:
-O how that name befits my composition!
-Old Gaunt indeed, and gaunt in being old:
-Within me grief hath kept a tedious fast;
-And who abstains from meat that is not gaunt?
-For sleeping England long time have I watch'd;
-Watching breeds leanness, leanness is all gaunt:
-The pleasure that some fathers feed upon,
-Is my strict fast; I mean, my children's looks;
-And therein fasting, hast thou made me gaunt:
-Gaunt am I for the grave, gaunt as a grave,
-Whose hollow womb inherits nought but bones.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-Can sick men play so nicely with their names?
-
-JOHN OF GAUNT:
-No, misery makes sport to mock itself:
-Since thou dost seek to kill my name in me,
-I mock my name, great king, to flatter thee.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-Should dying men flatter with those that live?
-
-JOHN OF GAUNT:
-No, no, men living flatter those that die.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-Thou, now a-dying, say'st thou flatterest me.
-
-JOHN OF GAUNT:
-O, no! thou diest, though I the sicker be.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-I am in health, I breathe, and see thee ill.
-
-JOHN OF GAUNT:
-Now He that made me knows I see thee ill;
-Ill in myself to see, and in thee seeing ill.
-Thy death-bed is no lesser than thy land
-Wherein thou liest in reputation sick;
-And thou, too careless patient as thou art,
-Commit'st thy anointed body to the cure
-Of those physicians that first wounded thee:
-A thousand flatterers sit within thy crown,
-Whose compass is no bigger than thy head;
-And yet, incaged in so small a verge,
-The waste is no whit lesser than thy land.
-O, had thy grandsire with a prophet's eye
-Seen how his son's son should destroy his sons,
-From forth thy reach he would have laid thy shame,
-Deposing thee before thou wert possess'd,
-Which art possess'd now to depose thyself.
-Why, cousin, wert thou regent of the world,
-It were a shame to let this land by lease;
-But for thy world enjoying but this land,
-Is it not more than shame to shame it so?
-Landlord of England art thou now, not king:
-Thy state of law is bondslave to the law; And thou--
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-A lunatic lean-witted fool,
-Presuming on an ague's privilege,
-Darest with thy frozen admonition
-Make pale our cheek, chasing the royal blood
-With fury from his native residence.
-Now, by my seat's right royal majesty,
-Wert thou not brother to great Edward's son,
-This tongue that runs so roundly in thy head
-Should run thy head from thy unreverent shoulders.
-
-JOHN OF GAUNT:
-O, spare me not, my brother Edward's son,
-For that I was his father Edward's son;
-That blood already, like the pelican,
-Hast thou tapp'd out and drunkenly caroused:
-My brother Gloucester, plain well-meaning soul,
-Whom fair befal in heaven 'mongst happy souls!
-May be a precedent and witness good
-That thou respect'st not spilling Edward's blood:
-Join with the present sickness that I have;
-And thy unkindness be like crooked age,
-To crop at once a too long wither'd flower.
-Live in thy shame, but die not shame with thee!
-These words hereafter thy tormentors be!
-Convey me to my bed, then to my grave:
-Love they to live that love and honour have.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-And let them die that age and sullens have;
-For both hast thou, and both become the grave.
-
-DUKE OF YORK:
-I do beseech your majesty, impute his words
-To wayward sickliness and age in him:
-He loves you, on my life, and holds you dear
-As Harry Duke of Hereford, were he here.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-Right, you say true: as Hereford's love, so his;
-As theirs, so mine; and all be as it is.
-
-NORTHUMBERLAND:
-My liege, old Gaunt commends him to your majesty.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-What says he?
-
-NORTHUMBERLAND:
-Nay, nothing; all is said
-His tongue is now a stringless instrument;
-Words, life and all, old Lancaster hath spent.
-
-DUKE OF YORK:
-Be York the next that must be bankrupt so!
-Though death be poor, it ends a mortal woe.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-The ripest fruit first falls, and so doth he;
-His time is spent, our pilgrimage must be.
-So much for that. Now for our Irish wars:
-We must supplant those rough rug-headed kerns,
-Which live like venom where no venom else
-But only they have privilege to live.
-And for these great affairs do ask some charge,
-Towards our assistance we do seize to us
-The plate, corn, revenues and moveables,
-Whereof our uncle Gaunt did stand possess'd.
-
-DUKE OF YORK:
-How long shall I be patient? ah, how long
-Shall tender duty make me suffer wrong?
-Not Gloucester's death, nor Hereford's banishment
-Not Gaunt's rebukes, nor England's private wrongs,
-Nor the prevention of poor Bolingbroke
-About his marriage, nor my own disgrace,
-Have ever made me sour my patient cheek,
-Or bend one wrinkle on my sovereign's face.
-I am the last of noble Edward's sons,
-Of whom thy father, Prince of Wales, was first:
-In war was never lion raged more fierce,
-In peace was never gentle lamb more mild,
-Than was that young and princely gentleman.
-His face thou hast, for even so look'd he,
-Accomplish'd with the number of thy hours;
-But when he frown'd, it was against the French
-And not against his friends; his noble hand
-Did will what he did spend and spent not that
-Which his triumphant father's hand had won;
-His hands were guilty of no kindred blood,
-But bloody with the enemies of his kin.
-O Richard! York is too far gone with grief,
-Or else he never would compare between.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-Why, uncle, what's the matter?
-
-DUKE OF YORK:
-O my liege,
-Pardon me, if you please; if not, I, pleased
-Not to be pardon'd, am content withal.
-Seek you to seize and gripe into your hands
-The royalties and rights of banish'd Hereford?
-Is not Gaunt dead, and doth not Hereford live?
-Was not Gaunt just, and is not Harry true?
-Did not the one deserve to have an heir?
-Is not his heir a well-deserving son?
-Take Hereford's rights away, and take from Time
-His charters and his customary rights;
-Let not to-morrow then ensue to-day;
-Be not thyself; for how art thou a king
-But by fair sequence and succession?
-Now, afore God--God forbid I say true!--
-If you do wrongfully seize Hereford's rights,
-Call in the letters patent that he hath
-By his attorneys-general to sue
-His livery, and deny his offer'd homage,
-You pluck a thousand dangers on your head,
-You lose a thousand well-disposed hearts
-And prick my tender patience, to those thoughts
-Which honour and allegiance cannot think.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-Think what you will, we seize into our hands
-His plate, his goods, his money and his lands.
-
-DUKE OF YORK:
-I'll not be by the while: my liege, farewell:
-What will ensue hereof, there's none can tell;
-But by bad courses may be understood
-That their events can never fall out good.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-Go, Bushy, to the Earl of Wiltshire straight:
-Bid him repair to us to Ely House
-To see this business. To-morrow next
-We will for Ireland; and 'tis time, I trow:
-And we create, in absence of ourself,
-Our uncle York lord governor of England;
-For he is just and always loved us well.
-Come on, our queen: to-morrow must we part;
-Be merry, for our time of stay is short
-
-NORTHUMBERLAND:
-Well, lords, the Duke of Lancaster is dead.
-
-LORD ROSS:
-And living too; for now his son is duke.
-
-LORD WILLOUGHBY:
-Barely in title, not in revenue.
-
-NORTHUMBERLAND:
-Richly in both, if justice had her right.
-
-LORD ROSS:
-My heart is great; but it must break with silence,
-Ere't be disburden'd with a liberal tongue.
-
-NORTHUMBERLAND:
-Nay, speak thy mind; and let him ne'er speak more
-That speaks thy words again to do thee harm!
-
-LORD WILLOUGHBY:
-Tends that thou wouldst speak to the Duke of Hereford?
-If it be so, out with it boldly, man;
-Quick is mine ear to hear of good towards him.
-
-LORD ROSS:
-No good at all that I can do for him;
-Unless you call it good to pity him,
-Bereft and gelded of his patrimony.
-
-NORTHUMBERLAND:
-Now, afore God, 'tis shame such wrongs are borne
-In him, a royal prince, and many moe
-Of noble blood in this declining land.
-The king is not himself, but basely led
-By flatterers; and what they will inform,
-Merely in hate, 'gainst any of us all,
-That will the king severely prosecute
-'Gainst us, our lives, our children, and our heirs.
-
-LORD ROSS:
-The commons hath he pill'd with grievous taxes,
-And quite lost their hearts: the nobles hath he fined
-For ancient quarrels, and quite lost their hearts.
-
-LORD WILLOUGHBY:
-And daily new exactions are devised,
-As blanks, benevolences, and I wot not what:
-But what, o' God's name, doth become of this?
-
-NORTHUMBERLAND:
-Wars have not wasted it, for warr'd he hath not,
-But basely yielded upon compromise
-That which his noble ancestors achieved with blows:
-More hath he spent in peace than they in wars.
-
-LORD ROSS:
-The Earl of Wiltshire hath the realm in farm.
-
-LORD WILLOUGHBY:
-The king's grown bankrupt, like a broken man.
-
-NORTHUMBERLAND:
-Reproach and dissolution hangeth over him.
-
-LORD ROSS:
-He hath not money for these Irish wars,
-His burthenous taxations notwithstanding,
-But by the robbing of the banish'd duke.
-
-NORTHUMBERLAND:
-His noble kinsman: most degenerate king!
-But, lords, we hear this fearful tempest sing,
-Yet see no shelter to avoid the storm;
-We see the wind sit sore upon our sails,
-And yet we strike not, but securely perish.
-
-LORD ROSS:
-We see the very wreck that we must suffer;
-And unavoided is the danger now,
-For suffering so the causes of our wreck.
-
-NORTHUMBERLAND:
-Not so; even through the hollow eyes of death
-I spy life peering; but I dare not say
-How near the tidings of our comfort is.
-
-LORD WILLOUGHBY:
-Nay, let us share thy thoughts, as thou dost ours.
-
-LORD ROSS:
-Be confident to speak, Northumberland:
-We three are but thyself; and, speaking so,
-Thy words are but as thoughts; therefore, be bold.
-
-NORTHUMBERLAND:
-Then thus: I have from Port le Blanc, a bay
-In Brittany, received intelligence
-That Harry Duke of Hereford, Rainold Lord Cobham,
-That late broke from the Duke of Exeter,
-His brother, Archbishop late of Canterbury,
-Sir Thomas Erpingham, Sir John Ramston,
-Sir John Norbery, Sir Robert Waterton and Francis Quoint,
-All these well furnish'd by the Duke of Bretagne
-With eight tall ships, three thousand men of war,
-Are making hither with all due expedience
-And shortly mean to touch our northern shore:
-Perhaps they had ere this, but that they stay
-The first departing of the king for Ireland.
-If then we shall shake off our slavish yoke,
-Imp out our drooping country's broken wing,
-Redeem from broking pawn the blemish'd crown,
-Wipe off the dust that hides our sceptre's gilt
-And make high majesty look like itself,
-Away with me in post to Ravenspurgh;
-But if you faint, as fearing to do so,
-Stay and be secret, and myself will go.
-
-LORD ROSS:
-To horse, to horse! urge doubts to them that fear.
-
-LORD WILLOUGHBY:
-Hold out my horse, and I will first be there.
-
-BUSHY:
-Madam, your majesty is too much sad:
-You promised, when you parted with the king,
-To lay aside life-harming heaviness
-And entertain a cheerful disposition.
-
-QUEEN:
-To please the king I did; to please myself
-I cannot do it; yet I know no cause
-Why I should welcome such a guest as grief,
-Save bidding farewell to so sweet a guest
-As my sweet Richard: yet again, methinks,
-Some unborn sorrow, ripe in fortune's womb,
-Is coming towards me, and my inward soul
-With nothing trembles: at some thing it grieves,
-More than with parting from my lord the king.
-
-BUSHY:
-Each substance of a grief hath twenty shadows,
-Which shows like grief itself, but is not so;
-For sorrow's eye, glazed with blinding tears,
-Divides one thing entire to many objects;
-Like perspectives, which rightly gazed upon
-Show nothing but confusion, eyed awry
-Distinguish form: so your sweet majesty,
-Looking awry upon your lord's departure,
-Find shapes of grief, more than himself, to wail;
-Which, look'd on as it is, is nought but shadows
-Of what it is not. Then, thrice-gracious queen,
-More than your lord's departure weep not: more's not seen;
-Or if it be, 'tis with false sorrow's eye,
-Which for things true weeps things imaginary.
-
-QUEEN:
-It may be so; but yet my inward soul
-Persuades me it is otherwise: howe'er it be,
-I cannot but be sad; so heavy sad
-As, though on thinking on no thought I think,
-Makes me with heavy nothing faint and shrink.
-
-BUSHY:
-'Tis nothing but conceit, my gracious lady.
-
-QUEEN:
-'Tis nothing less: conceit is still derived
-From some forefather grief; mine is not so,
-For nothing had begot my something grief;
-Or something hath the nothing that I grieve:
-'Tis in reversion that I do possess;
-But what it is, that is not yet known; what
-I cannot name; 'tis nameless woe, I wot.
-
-GREEN:
-God save your majesty! and well met, gentlemen:
-I hope the king is not yet shipp'd for Ireland.
-
-QUEEN:
-Why hopest thou so? 'tis better hope he is;
-For his designs crave haste, his haste good hope:
-Then wherefore dost thou hope he is not shipp'd?
-
-GREEN:
-That he, our hope, might have retired his power,
-And driven into despair an enemy's hope,
-Who strongly hath set footing in this land:
-The banish'd Bolingbroke repeals himself,
-And with uplifted arms is safe arrived
-At Ravenspurgh.
-
-QUEEN:
-Now God in heaven forbid!
-
-GREEN:
-Ah, madam, 'tis too true: and that is worse,
-The Lord Northumberland, his son young Henry Percy,
-The Lords of Ross, Beaumond, and Willoughby,
-With all their powerful friends, are fled to him.
-
-BUSHY:
-Why have you not proclaim'd Northumberland
-And all the rest revolted faction traitors?
-
-GREEN:
-We have: whereupon the Earl of Worcester
-Hath broke his staff, resign'd his stewardship,
-And all the household servants fled with him
-To Bolingbroke.
-
-QUEEN:
-So, Green, thou art the midwife to my woe,
-And Bolingbroke my sorrow's dismal heir:
-Now hath my soul brought forth her prodigy,
-And I, a gasping new-deliver'd mother,
-Have woe to woe, sorrow to sorrow join'd.
-
-BUSHY:
-Despair not, madam.
-
-QUEEN:
-Who shall hinder me?
-I will despair, and be at enmity
-With cozening hope: he is a flatterer,
-A parasite, a keeper back of death,
-Who gently would dissolve the bands of life,
-Which false hope lingers in extremity.
-
-GREEN:
-Here comes the Duke of York.
-
-QUEEN:
-With signs of war about his aged neck:
-O, full of careful business are his looks!
-Uncle, for God's sake, speak comfortable words.
-
-DUKE OF YORK:
-Should I do so, I should belie my thoughts:
-Comfort's in heaven; and we are on the earth,
-Where nothing lives but crosses, cares and grief.
-Your husband, he is gone to save far off,
-Whilst others come to make him lose at home:
-Here am I left to underprop his land,
-Who, weak with age, cannot support myself:
-Now comes the sick hour that his surfeit made;
-Now shall he try his friends that flatter'd him.
-
-Servant:
-My lord, your son was gone before I came.
-
-DUKE OF YORK:
-He was? Why, so! go all which way it will!
-The nobles they are fled, the commons they are cold,
-And will, I fear, revolt on Hereford's side.
-Sirrah, get thee to Plashy, to my sister Gloucester;
-Bid her send me presently a thousand pound:
-Hold, take my ring.
-
-Servant:
-My lord, I had forgot to tell your lordship,
-To-day, as I came by, I called there;
-But I shall grieve you to report the rest.
-
-DUKE OF YORK:
-What is't, knave?
-
-Servant:
-An hour before I came, the duchess died.
-
-DUKE OF YORK:
-God for his mercy! what a tide of woes
-Comes rushing on this woeful land at once!
-I know not what to do: I would to God,
-So my untruth had not provoked him to it,
-The king had cut off my head with my brother's.
-What, are there no posts dispatch'd for Ireland?
-How shall we do for money for these wars?
-Come, sister,--cousin, I would say--pray, pardon me.
-Go, fellow, get thee home, provide some carts
-And bring away the armour that is there.
-Gentlemen, will you go muster men?
-If I know how or which way to order these affairs
-Thus thrust disorderly into my hands,
-Never believe me. Both are my kinsmen:
-The one is my sovereign, whom both my oath
-And duty bids defend; the other again
-Is my kinsman, whom the king hath wrong'd,
-Whom conscience and my kindred bids to right.
-Well, somewhat we must do. Come, cousin, I'll
-Dispose of you.
-Gentlemen, go, muster up your men,
-And meet me presently at Berkeley.
-I should to Plashy too;
-But time will not permit: all is uneven,
-And every thing is left at six and seven.
-
-BUSHY:
-The wind sits fair for news to go to Ireland,
-But none returns. For us to levy power
-Proportionable to the enemy
-Is all unpossible.
-
-GREEN:
-Besides, our nearness to the king in love
-Is near the hate of those love not the king.
-
-BAGOT:
-And that's the wavering commons: for their love
-Lies in their purses, and whoso empties them
-By so much fills their hearts with deadly hate.
-
-BUSHY:
-Wherein the king stands generally condemn'd.
-
-BAGOT:
-If judgement lie in them, then so do we,
-Because we ever have been near the king.
-
-GREEN:
-Well, I will for refuge straight to Bristol castle:
-The Earl of Wiltshire is already there.
-
-BUSHY:
-Thither will I with you; for little office
-The hateful commons will perform for us,
-Except like curs to tear us all to pieces.
-Will you go along with us?
-
-BAGOT:
-No; I will to Ireland to his majesty.
-Farewell: if heart's presages be not vain,
-We three here art that ne'er shall meet again.
-
-BUSHY:
-That's as York thrives to beat back Bolingbroke.
-
-GREEN:
-Alas, poor duke! the task he undertakes
-Is numbering sands and drinking oceans dry:
-Where one on his side fights, thousands will fly.
-Farewell at once, for once, for all, and ever.
-
-BUSHY:
-Well, we may meet again.
-
-BAGOT:
-I fear me, never.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-How far is it, my lord, to Berkeley now?
-
-NORTHUMBERLAND:
-Believe me, noble lord,
-I am a stranger here in Gloucestershire:
-These high wild hills and rough uneven ways
-Draws out our miles, and makes them wearisome,
-And yet your fair discourse hath been as sugar,
-Making the hard way sweet and delectable.
-But I bethink me what a weary way
-From Ravenspurgh to Cotswold will be found
-In Ross and Willoughby, wanting your company,
-Which, I protest, hath very much beguiled
-The tediousness and process of my travel:
-But theirs is sweetened with the hope to have
-The present benefit which I possess;
-And hope to joy is little less in joy
-Than hope enjoy'd: by this the weary lords
-Shall make their way seem short, as mine hath done
-By sight of what I have, your noble company.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-Of much less value is my company
-Than your good words. But who comes here?
-
-NORTHUMBERLAND:
-It is my son, young Harry Percy,
-Sent from my brother Worcester, whencesoever.
-Harry, how fares your uncle?
-
-HENRY PERCY:
-I had thought, my lord, to have learn'd his health of you.
-
-NORTHUMBERLAND:
-Why, is he not with the queen?
-
-HENRY PERCY:
-No, my good Lord; he hath forsook the court,
-Broken his staff of office and dispersed
-The household of the king.
-
-NORTHUMBERLAND:
-What was his reason?
-He was not so resolved when last we spake together.
-
-HENRY PERCY:
-Because your lordship was proclaimed traitor.
-But he, my lord, is gone to Ravenspurgh,
-To offer service to the Duke of Hereford,
-And sent me over by Berkeley, to discover
-What power the Duke of York had levied there;
-Then with directions to repair to Ravenspurgh.
-
-NORTHUMBERLAND:
-Have you forgot the Duke of Hereford, boy?
-
-HENRY PERCY:
-No, my good lord, for that is not forgot
-Which ne'er I did remember: to my knowledge,
-I never in my life did look on him.
-
-NORTHUMBERLAND:
-Then learn to know him now; this is the duke.
-
-HENRY PERCY:
-My gracious lord, I tender you my service,
-Such as it is, being tender, raw and young:
-Which elder days shall ripen and confirm
-To more approved service and desert.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-I thank thee, gentle Percy; and be sure
-I count myself in nothing else so happy
-As in a soul remembering my good friends;
-And, as my fortune ripens with thy love,
-It shall be still thy true love's recompense:
-My heart this covenant makes, my hand thus seals it.
-
-NORTHUMBERLAND:
-How far is it to Berkeley? and what stir
-Keeps good old York there with his men of war?
-
-HENRY PERCY:
-There stands the castle, by yon tuft of trees,
-Mann'd with three hundred men, as I have heard;
-And in it are the Lords of York, Berkeley, and Seymour;
-None else of name and noble estimate.
-
-NORTHUMBERLAND:
-Here come the Lords of Ross and Willoughby,
-Bloody with spurring, fiery-red with haste.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-Welcome, my lords. I wot your love pursues
-A banish'd traitor: all my treasury
-Is yet but unfelt thanks, which more enrich'd
-Shall be your love and labour's recompense.
-
-LORD ROSS:
-Your presence makes us rich, most noble lord.
-
-LORD WILLOUGHBY:
-And far surmounts our labour to attain it.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-Evermore thanks, the exchequer of the poor;
-Which, till my infant fortune comes to years,
-Stands for my bounty. But who comes here?
-
-NORTHUMBERLAND:
-It is my Lord of Berkeley, as I guess.
-
-LORD BERKELEY:
-My Lord of Hereford, my message is to you.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-My lord, my answer is--to Lancaster;
-And I am come to seek that name in England;
-And I must find that title in your tongue,
-Before I make reply to aught you say.
-
-LORD BERKELEY:
-Mistake me not, my lord; 'tis not my meaning
-To raze one title of your honour out:
-To you, my lord, I come, what lord you will,
-From the most gracious regent of this land,
-The Duke of York, to know what pricks you on
-To take advantage of the absent time
-And fright our native peace with self-born arms.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-I shall not need transport my words by you;
-Here comes his grace in person. My noble uncle!
-
-DUKE OF YORK:
-Show me thy humble heart, and not thy knee,
-Whose duty is deceiveable and false.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-My gracious uncle--
-
-DUKE OF YORK:
-Tut, tut!
-Grace me no grace, nor uncle me no uncle:
-I am no traitor's uncle; and that word 'grace.'
-In an ungracious mouth is but profane.
-Why have those banish'd and forbidden legs
-Dared once to touch a dust of England's ground?
-But then more 'why?' why have they dared to march
-So many miles upon her peaceful bosom,
-Frighting her pale-faced villages with war
-And ostentation of despised arms?
-Comest thou because the anointed king is hence?
-Why, foolish boy, the king is left behind,
-And in my loyal bosom lies his power.
-Were I but now the lord of such hot youth
-As when brave Gaunt, thy father, and myself
-Rescued the Black Prince, that young Mars of men,
-From forth the ranks of many thousand French,
-O, then how quickly should this arm of mine.
-Now prisoner to the palsy, chastise thee
-And minister correction to thy fault!
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-My gracious uncle, let me know my fault:
-On what condition stands it and wherein?
-
-DUKE OF YORK:
-Even in condition of the worst degree,
-In gross rebellion and detested treason:
-Thou art a banish'd man, and here art come
-Before the expiration of thy time,
-In braving arms against thy sovereign.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-As I was banish'd, I was banish'd Hereford;
-But as I come, I come for Lancaster.
-And, noble uncle, I beseech your grace
-Look on my wrongs with an indifferent eye:
-You are my father, for methinks in you
-I see old Gaunt alive; O, then, my father,
-Will you permit that I shall stand condemn'd
-A wandering vagabond; my rights and royalties
-Pluck'd from my arms perforce and given away
-To upstart unthrifts? Wherefore was I born?
-If that my cousin king be King of England,
-It must be granted I am Duke of Lancaster.
-You have a son, Aumerle, my noble cousin;
-Had you first died, and he been thus trod down,
-He should have found his uncle Gaunt a father,
-To rouse his wrongs and chase them to the bay.
-I am denied to sue my livery here,
-And yet my letters-patents give me leave:
-My father's goods are all distrain'd and sold,
-And these and all are all amiss employ'd.
-What would you have me do? I am a subject,
-And I challenge law: attorneys are denied me;
-And therefore, personally I lay my claim
-To my inheritance of free descent.
-
-NORTHUMBERLAND:
-The noble duke hath been too much abused.
-
-LORD ROSS:
-It stands your grace upon to do him right.
-
-LORD WILLOUGHBY:
-Base men by his endowments are made great.
-
-DUKE OF YORK:
-My lords of England, let me tell you this:
-I have had feeling of my cousin's wrongs
-And laboured all I could to do him right;
-But in this kind to come, in braving arms,
-Be his own carver and cut out his way,
-To find out right with wrong, it may not be;
-And you that do abet him in this kind
-Cherish rebellion and are rebels all.
-
-NORTHUMBERLAND:
-The noble duke hath sworn his coming is
-But for his own; and for the right of that
-We all have strongly sworn to give him aid;
-And let him ne'er see joy that breaks that oath!
-
-DUKE OF YORK:
-Well, well, I see the issue of these arms:
-I cannot mend it, I must needs confess,
-Because my power is weak and all ill left:
-But if I could, by Him that gave me life,
-I would attach you all and make you stoop
-Unto the sovereign mercy of the king;
-But since I cannot, be it known to you
-I do remain as neuter. So, fare you well;
-Unless you please to enter in the castle
-And there repose you for this night.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-An offer, uncle, that we will accept:
-But we must win your grace to go with us
-To Bristol castle, which they say is held
-By Bushy, Bagot and their complices,
-The caterpillars of the commonwealth,
-Which I have sworn to weed and pluck away.
-
-DUKE OF YORK:
-It may be I will go with you: but yet I'll pause;
-For I am loath to break our country's laws.
-Nor friends nor foes, to me welcome you are:
-Things past redress are now with me past care.
-
-Captain:
-My lord of Salisbury, we have stay'd ten days,
-And hardly kept our countrymen together,
-And yet we hear no tidings from the king;
-Therefore we will disperse ourselves: farewell.
-
-EARL OF SALISBURY:
-Stay yet another day, thou trusty Welshman:
-The king reposeth all his confidence in thee.
-
-Captain:
-'Tis thought the king is dead; we will not stay.
-The bay-trees in our country are all wither'd
-And meteors fright the fixed stars of heaven;
-The pale-faced moon looks bloody on the earth
-And lean-look'd prophets whisper fearful change;
-Rich men look sad and ruffians dance and leap,
-The one in fear to lose what they enjoy,
-The other to enjoy by rage and war:
-These signs forerun the death or fall of kings.
-Farewell: our countrymen are gone and fled,
-As well assured Richard their king is dead.
-
-EARL OF SALISBURY:
-Ah, Richard, with the eyes of heavy mind
-I see thy glory like a shooting star
-Fall to the base earth from the firmament.
-Thy sun sets weeping in the lowly west,
-Witnessing storms to come, woe and unrest:
-Thy friends are fled to wait upon thy foes,
-And crossly to thy good all fortune goes.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-Bring forth these men.
-Bushy and Green, I will not vex your souls--
-Since presently your souls must part your bodies--
-With too much urging your pernicious lives,
-For 'twere no charity; yet, to wash your blood
-From off my hands, here in the view of men
-I will unfold some causes of your deaths.
-You have misled a prince, a royal king,
-A happy gentleman in blood and lineaments,
-By you unhappied and disfigured clean:
-You have in manner with your sinful hours
-Made a divorce betwixt his queen and him,
-Broke the possession of a royal bed
-And stain'd the beauty of a fair queen's cheeks
-With tears drawn from her eyes by your foul wrongs.
-Myself, a prince by fortune of my birth,
-Near to the king in blood, and near in love
-Till you did make him misinterpret me,
-Have stoop'd my neck under your injuries,
-And sigh'd my English breath in foreign clouds,
-Eating the bitter bread of banishment;
-Whilst you have fed upon my signories,
-Dispark'd my parks and fell'd my forest woods,
-From my own windows torn my household coat,
-Razed out my imprese, leaving me no sign,
-Save men's opinions and my living blood,
-To show the world I am a gentleman.
-This and much more, much more than twice all this,
-Condemns you to the death. See them deliver'd over
-To execution and the hand of death.
-
-BUSHY:
-More welcome is the stroke of death to me
-Than Bolingbroke to England. Lords, farewell.
-
-GREEN:
-My comfort is that heaven will take our souls
-And plague injustice with the pains of hell.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-My Lord Northumberland, see them dispatch'd.
-Uncle, you say the queen is at your house;
-For God's sake, fairly let her be entreated:
-Tell her I send to her my kind commends;
-Take special care my greetings be deliver'd.
-
-DUKE OF YORK:
-A gentleman of mine I have dispatch'd
-With letters of your love to her at large.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-Thank, gentle uncle. Come, lords, away.
-To fight with Glendower and his complices:
-Awhile to work, and after holiday.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-Barkloughly castle call they this at hand?
-
-DUKE OF AUMERLE:
-Yea, my lord. How brooks your grace the air,
-After your late tossing on the breaking seas?
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-Needs must I like it well: I weep for joy
-To stand upon my kingdom once again.
-Dear earth, I do salute thee with my hand,
-Though rebels wound thee with their horses' hoofs:
-As a long-parted mother with her child
-Plays fondly with her tears and smiles in meeting,
-So, weeping, smiling, greet I thee, my earth,
-And do thee favours with my royal hands.
-Feed not thy sovereign's foe, my gentle earth,
-Nor with thy sweets comfort his ravenous sense;
-But let thy spiders, that suck up thy venom,
-And heavy-gaited toads lie in their way,
-Doing annoyance to the treacherous feet
-Which with usurping steps do trample thee:
-Yield stinging nettles to mine enemies;
-And when they from thy bosom pluck a flower,
-Guard it, I pray thee, with a lurking adder
-Whose double tongue may with a mortal touch
-Throw death upon thy sovereign's enemies.
-Mock not my senseless conjuration, lords:
-This earth shall have a feeling and these stones
-Prove armed soldiers, ere her native king
-Shall falter under foul rebellion's arms.
-
-BISHOP OF CARLISLE:
-Fear not, my lord: that Power that made you king
-Hath power to keep you king in spite of all.
-The means that heaven yields must be embraced,
-And not neglected; else, if heaven would,
-And we will not, heaven's offer we refuse,
-The proffer'd means of succor and redress.
-
-DUKE OF AUMERLE:
-He means, my lord, that we are too remiss;
-Whilst Bolingbroke, through our security,
-Grows strong and great in substance and in power.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-Discomfortable cousin! know'st thou not
-That when the searching eye of heaven is hid,
-Behind the globe, that lights the lower world,
-Then thieves and robbers range abroad unseen
-In murders and in outrage, boldly here;
-But when from under this terrestrial ball
-He fires the proud tops of the eastern pines
-And darts his light through every guilty hole,
-Then murders, treasons and detested sins,
-The cloak of night being pluck'd from off their backs,
-Stand bare and naked, trembling at themselves?
-So when this thief, this traitor, Bolingbroke,
-Who all this while hath revell'd in the night
-Whilst we were wandering with the antipodes,
-Shall see us rising in our throne, the east,
-His treasons will sit blushing in his face,
-Not able to endure the sight of day,
-But self-affrighted tremble at his sin.
-Not all the water in the rough rude sea
-Can wash the balm off from an anointed king;
-The breath of worldly men cannot depose
-The deputy elected by the Lord:
-For every man that Bolingbroke hath press'd
-To lift shrewd steel against our golden crown,
-God for his Richard hath in heavenly pay
-A glorious angel: then, if angels fight,
-Weak men must fall, for heaven still guards the right.
-Welcome, my lord how far off lies your power?
-
-EARL OF SALISBURY:
-Nor near nor farther off, my gracious lord,
-Than this weak arm: discomfort guides my tongue
-And bids me speak of nothing but despair.
-One day too late, I fear me, noble lord,
-Hath clouded all thy happy days on earth:
-O, call back yesterday, bid time return,
-And thou shalt have twelve thousand fighting men!
-To-day, to-day, unhappy day, too late,
-O'erthrows thy joys, friends, fortune and thy state:
-For all the Welshmen, hearing thou wert dead.
-Are gone to Bolingbroke, dispersed and fled.
-
-DUKE OF AUMERLE:
-Comfort, my liege; why looks your grace so pale?
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-But now the blood of twenty thousand men
-Did triumph in my face, and they are fled;
-And, till so much blood thither come again,
-Have I not reason to look pale and dead?
-All souls that will be safe fly from my side,
-For time hath set a blot upon my pride.
-
-DUKE OF AUMERLE:
-Comfort, my liege; remember who you are.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-I had forgot myself; am I not king?
-Awake, thou coward majesty! thou sleepest.
-Is not the king's name twenty thousand names?
-Arm, arm, my name! a puny subject strikes
-At thy great glory. Look not to the ground,
-Ye favourites of a king: are we not high?
-High be our thoughts: I know my uncle York
-Hath power enough to serve our turn. But who comes here?
-
-SIR STEPHEN SCROOP:
-More health and happiness betide my liege
-Than can my care-tuned tongue deliver him!
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-Mine ear is open and my heart prepared;
-The worst is worldly loss thou canst unfold.
-Say, is my kingdom lost? why, 'twas my care
-And what loss is it to be rid of care?
-Strives Bolingbroke to be as great as we?
-Greater he shall not be; if he serve God,
-We'll serve Him too and be his fellow so:
-Revolt our subjects? that we cannot mend;
-They break their faith to God as well as us:
-Cry woe, destruction, ruin and decay:
-The worst is death, and death will have his day.
-
-SIR STEPHEN SCROOP:
-Glad am I that your highness is so arm'd
-To bear the tidings of calamity.
-Like an unseasonable stormy day,
-Which makes the silver rivers drown their shores,
-As if the world were all dissolved to tears,
-So high above his limits swells the rage
-Of Bolingbroke, covering your fearful land
-With hard bright steel and hearts harder than steel.
-White-beards have arm'd their thin and hairless scalps
-Against thy majesty; boys, with women's voices,
-Strive to speak big and clap their female joints
-In stiff unwieldy arms against thy crown:
-The very beadsmen learn to bend their bows
-Of double-fatal yew against thy state;
-Yea, distaff-women manage rusty bills
-Against thy seat: both young and old rebel,
-And all goes worse than I have power to tell.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-Too well, too well thou tell'st a tale so ill.
-Where is the Earl of Wiltshire? where is Bagot?
-What is become of Bushy? where is Green?
-That they have let the dangerous enemy
-Measure our confines with such peaceful steps?
-If we prevail, their heads shall pay for it:
-I warrant they have made peace with Bolingbroke.
-
-SIR STEPHEN SCROOP:
-Peace have they made with him indeed, my lord.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-O villains, vipers, damn'd without redemption!
-Dogs, easily won to fawn on any man!
-Snakes, in my heart-blood warm'd, that sting my heart!
-Three Judases, each one thrice worse than Judas!
-Would they make peace? terrible hell make war
-Upon their spotted souls for this offence!
-
-SIR STEPHEN SCROOP:
-Sweet love, I see, changing his property,
-Turns to the sourest and most deadly hate:
-Again uncurse their souls; their peace is made
-With heads, and not with hands; those whom you curse
-Have felt the worst of death's destroying wound
-And lie full low, graved in the hollow ground.
-
-DUKE OF AUMERLE:
-Is Bushy, Green, and the Earl of Wiltshire dead?
-
-SIR STEPHEN SCROOP:
-Ay, all of them at Bristol lost their heads.
-
-DUKE OF AUMERLE:
-Where is the duke my father with his power?
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-No matter where; of comfort no man speak:
-Let's talk of graves, of worms, and epitaphs;
-Make dust our paper and with rainy eyes
-Write sorrow on the bosom of the earth,
-Let's choose executors and talk of wills:
-And yet not so, for what can we bequeath
-Save our deposed bodies to the ground?
-Our lands, our lives and all are Bolingbroke's,
-And nothing can we call our own but death
-And that small model of the barren earth
-Which serves as paste and cover to our bones.
-For God's sake, let us sit upon the ground
-And tell sad stories of the death of kings;
-How some have been deposed; some slain in war,
-Some haunted by the ghosts they have deposed;
-Some poison'd by their wives: some sleeping kill'd;
-All murder'd: for within the hollow crown
-That rounds the mortal temples of a king
-Keeps Death his court and there the antic sits,
-Scoffing his state and grinning at his pomp,
-Allowing him a breath, a little scene,
-To monarchize, be fear'd and kill with looks,
-Infusing him with self and vain conceit,
-As if this flesh which walls about our life,
-Were brass impregnable, and humour'd thus
-Comes at the last and with a little pin
-Bores through his castle wall, and farewell king!
-Cover your heads and mock not flesh and blood
-With solemn reverence: throw away respect,
-Tradition, form and ceremonious duty,
-For you have but mistook me all this while:
-I live with bread like you, feel want,
-Taste grief, need friends: subjected thus,
-How can you say to me, I am a king?
-
-BISHOP OF CARLISLE:
-My lord, wise men ne'er sit and wail their woes,
-But presently prevent the ways to wail.
-To fear the foe, since fear oppresseth strength,
-Gives in your weakness strength unto your foe,
-And so your follies fight against yourself.
-Fear and be slain; no worse can come to fight:
-And fight and die is death destroying death;
-Where fearing dying pays death servile breath.
-
-DUKE OF AUMERLE:
-My father hath a power; inquire of him
-And learn to make a body of a limb.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-Thou chidest me well: proud Bolingbroke, I come
-To change blows with thee for our day of doom.
-This ague fit of fear is over-blown;
-An easy task it is to win our own.
-Say, Scroop, where lies our uncle with his power?
-Speak sweetly, man, although thy looks be sour.
-
-SIR STEPHEN SCROOP:
-Men judge by the complexion of the sky
-The state and inclination of the day:
-So may you by my dull and heavy eye,
-My tongue hath but a heavier tale to say.
-I play the torturer, by small and small
-To lengthen out the worst that must be spoken:
-Your uncle York is join'd with Bolingbroke,
-And all your northern castles yielded up,
-And all your southern gentlemen in arms
-Upon his party.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-Thou hast said enough.
-Beshrew thee, cousin, which didst lead me forth
-Of that sweet way I was in to despair!
-What say you now? what comfort have we now?
-By heaven, I'll hate him everlastingly
-That bids me be of comfort any more.
-Go to Flint castle: there I'll pine away;
-A king, woe's slave, shall kingly woe obey.
-That power I have, discharge; and let them go
-To ear the land that hath some hope to grow,
-For I have none: let no man speak again
-To alter this, for counsel is but vain.
-
-DUKE OF AUMERLE:
-My liege, one word.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-He does me double wrong
-That wounds me with the flatteries of his tongue.
-Discharge my followers: let them hence away,
-From Richard's night to Bolingbroke's fair day.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-So that by this intelligence we learn
-The Welshmen are dispersed, and Salisbury
-Is gone to meet the king, who lately landed
-With some few private friends upon this coast.
-
-NORTHUMBERLAND:
-The news is very fair and good, my lord:
-Richard not far from hence hath hid his head.
-
-DUKE OF YORK:
-It would beseem the Lord Northumberland
-To say 'King Richard:' alack the heavy day
-When such a sacred king should hide his head.
-
-NORTHUMBERLAND:
-Your grace mistakes; only to be brief
-Left I his title out.
-
-DUKE OF YORK:
-The time hath been,
-Would you have been so brief with him, he would
-Have been so brief with you, to shorten you,
-For taking so the head, your whole head's length.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-Mistake not, uncle, further than you should.
-
-DUKE OF YORK:
-Take not, good cousin, further than you should.
-Lest you mistake the heavens are o'er our heads.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-I know it, uncle, and oppose not myself
-Against their will. But who comes here?
-Welcome, Harry: what, will not this castle yield?
-
-HENRY PERCY:
-The castle royally is mann'd, my lord,
-Against thy entrance.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-Royally!
-Why, it contains no king?
-
-HENRY PERCY:
-Yes, my good lord,
-It doth contain a king; King Richard lies
-Within the limits of yon lime and stone:
-And with him are the Lord Aumerle, Lord Salisbury,
-Sir Stephen Scroop, besides a clergyman
-Of holy reverence; who, I cannot learn.
-
-NORTHUMBERLAND:
-O, belike it is the Bishop of Carlisle.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-Noble lords,
-Go to the rude ribs of that ancient castle;
-Through brazen trumpet send the breath of parley
-Into his ruin'd ears, and thus deliver:
-Henry Bolingbroke
-On both his knees doth kiss King Richard's hand
-And sends allegiance and true faith of heart
-To his most royal person, hither come
-Even at his feet to lay my arms and power,
-Provided that my banishment repeal'd
-And lands restored again be freely granted:
-If not, I'll use the advantage of my power
-And lay the summer's dust with showers of blood
-Rain'd from the wounds of slaughter'd Englishmen:
-The which, how far off from the mind of Bolingbroke
-It is, such crimson tempest should bedrench
-The fresh green lap of fair King Richard's land,
-My stooping duty tenderly shall show.
-Go, signify as much, while here we march
-Upon the grassy carpet of this plain.
-Let's march without the noise of threatening drum,
-That from this castle's tatter'd battlements
-Our fair appointments may be well perused.
-Methinks King Richard and myself should meet
-With no less terror than the elements
-Of fire and water, when their thundering shock
-At meeting tears the cloudy cheeks of heaven.
-Be he the fire, I'll be the yielding water:
-The rage be his, whilst on the earth I rain
-My waters; on the earth, and not on him.
-March on, and mark King Richard how he looks.
-See, see, King Richard doth himself appear,
-As doth the blushing discontented sun
-From out the fiery portal of the east,
-When he perceives the envious clouds are bent
-To dim his glory and to stain the track
-Of his bright passage to the occident.
-
-DUKE OF YORK:
-Yet looks he like a king: behold, his eye,
-As bright as is the eagle's, lightens forth
-Controlling majesty: alack, alack, for woe,
-That any harm should stain so fair a show!
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-We are amazed; and thus long have we stood
-To watch the fearful bending of thy knee,
-Because we thought ourself thy lawful king:
-And if we be, how dare thy joints forget
-To pay their awful duty to our presence?
-If we be not, show us the hand of God
-That hath dismissed us from our stewardship;
-For well we know, no hand of blood and bone
-Can gripe the sacred handle of our sceptre,
-Unless he do profane, steal, or usurp.
-And though you think that all, as you have done,
-Have torn their souls by turning them from us,
-And we are barren and bereft of friends;
-Yet know, my master, God omnipotent,
-Is mustering in his clouds on our behalf
-Armies of pestilence; and they shall strike
-Your children yet unborn and unbegot,
-That lift your vassal hands against my head
-And threat the glory of my precious crown.
-Tell Bolingbroke--for yond methinks he stands--
-That every stride he makes upon my land
-Is dangerous treason: he is come to open
-The purple testament of bleeding war;
-But ere the crown he looks for live in peace,
-Ten thousand bloody crowns of mothers' sons
-Shall ill become the flower of England's face,
-Change the complexion of her maid-pale peace
-To scarlet indignation and bedew
-Her pastures' grass with faithful English blood.
-
-NORTHUMBERLAND:
-The king of heaven forbid our lord the king
-Should so with civil and uncivil arms
-Be rush'd upon! Thy thrice noble cousin
-Harry Bolingbroke doth humbly kiss thy hand;
-And by the honourable tomb he swears,
-That stands upon your royal grandsire's bones,
-And by the royalties of both your bloods,
-Currents that spring from one most gracious head,
-And by the buried hand of warlike Gaunt,
-And by the worth and honour of himself,
-Comprising all that may be sworn or said,
-His coming hither hath no further scope
-Than for his lineal royalties and to beg
-Enfranchisement immediate on his knees:
-Which on thy royal party granted once,
-His glittering arms he will commend to rust,
-His barbed steeds to stables, and his heart
-To faithful service of your majesty.
-This swears he, as he is a prince, is just;
-And, as I am a gentleman, I credit him.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-Northumberland, say thus the king returns:
-His noble cousin is right welcome hither;
-And all the number of his fair demands
-Shall be accomplish'd without contradiction:
-With all the gracious utterance thou hast
-Speak to his gentle hearing kind commends.
-We do debase ourselves, cousin, do we not,
-To look so poorly and to speak so fair?
-Shall we call back Northumberland, and send
-Defiance to the traitor, and so die?
-
-DUKE OF AUMERLE:
-No, good my lord; let's fight with gentle words
-Till time lend friends and friends their helpful swords.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-O God, O God! that e'er this tongue of mine,
-That laid the sentence of dread banishment
-On yon proud man, should take it off again
-With words of sooth! O that I were as great
-As is my grief, or lesser than my name!
-Or that I could forget what I have been,
-Or not remember what I must be now!
-Swell'st thou, proud heart? I'll give thee scope to beat,
-Since foes have scope to beat both thee and me.
-
-DUKE OF AUMERLE:
-Northumberland comes back from Bolingbroke.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-What must the king do now? must he submit?
-The king shall do it: must he be deposed?
-The king shall be contented: must he lose
-The name of king? o' God's name, let it go:
-I'll give my jewels for a set of beads,
-My gorgeous palace for a hermitage,
-My gay apparel for an almsman's gown,
-My figured goblets for a dish of wood,
-My sceptre for a palmer's walking staff,
-My subjects for a pair of carved saints
-And my large kingdom for a little grave,
-A little little grave, an obscure grave;
-Or I'll be buried in the king's highway,
-Some way of common trade, where subjects' feet
-May hourly trample on their sovereign's head;
-For on my heart they tread now whilst I live;
-And buried once, why not upon my head?
-Aumerle, thou weep'st, my tender-hearted cousin!
-We'll make foul weather with despised tears;
-Our sighs and they shall lodge the summer corn,
-And make a dearth in this revolting land.
-Or shall we play the wantons with our woes,
-And make some pretty match with shedding tears?
-As thus, to drop them still upon one place,
-Till they have fretted us a pair of graves
-Within the earth; and, therein laid,--there lies
-Two kinsmen digg'd their graves with weeping eyes.
-Would not this ill do well? Well, well, I see
-I talk but idly, and you laugh at me.
-Most mighty prince, my Lord Northumberland,
-What says King Bolingbroke? will his majesty
-Give Richard leave to live till Richard die?
-You make a leg, and Bolingbroke says ay.
-
-NORTHUMBERLAND:
-My lord, in the base court he doth attend
-To speak with you; may it please you to come down.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-Down, down I come; like glistering Phaethon,
-Wanting the manage of unruly jades.
-In the base court? Base court, where kings grow base,
-To come at traitors' calls and do them grace.
-In the base court? Come down? Down, court!
-down, king!
-For night-owls shriek where mounting larks
-should sing.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-What says his majesty?
-
-NORTHUMBERLAND:
-Sorrow and grief of heart
-Makes him speak fondly, like a frantic man
-Yet he is come.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-Stand all apart,
-And show fair duty to his majesty.
-My gracious lord,--
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-Fair cousin, you debase your princely knee
-To make the base earth proud with kissing it:
-Me rather had my heart might feel your love
-Than my unpleased eye see your courtesy.
-Up, cousin, up; your heart is up, I know,
-Thus high at least, although your knee be low.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-My gracious lord, I come but for mine own.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-Your own is yours, and I am yours, and all.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-So far be mine, my most redoubted lord,
-As my true service shall deserve your love.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-Well you deserve: they well deserve to have,
-That know the strong'st and surest way to get.
-Uncle, give me your hands: nay, dry your eyes;
-Tears show their love, but want their remedies.
-Cousin, I am too young to be your father,
-Though you are old enough to be my heir.
-What you will have, I'll give, and willing too;
-For do we must what force will have us do.
-Set on towards London, cousin, is it so?
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-Yea, my good lord.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-Then I must not say no.
-
-QUEEN:
-What sport shall we devise here in this garden,
-To drive away the heavy thought of care?
-
-Lady:
-Madam, we'll play at bowls.
-
-QUEEN:
-'Twill make me think the world is full of rubs,
-And that my fortune rubs against the bias.
-
-Lady:
-Madam, we'll dance.
-
-QUEEN:
-My legs can keep no measure in delight,
-When my poor heart no measure keeps in grief:
-Therefore, no dancing, girl; some other sport.
-
-Lady:
-Madam, we'll tell tales.
-
-QUEEN:
-Of sorrow or of joy?
-
-Lady:
-Of either, madam.
-
-QUEEN:
-Of neither, girl:
-For of joy, being altogether wanting,
-It doth remember me the more of sorrow;
-Or if of grief, being altogether had,
-It adds more sorrow to my want of joy:
-For what I have I need not to repeat;
-And what I want it boots not to complain.
-
-Lady:
-Madam, I'll sing.
-
-QUEEN:
-'Tis well that thou hast cause
-But thou shouldst please me better, wouldst thou weep.
-
-Lady:
-I could weep, madam, would it do you good.
-
-QUEEN:
-And I could sing, would weeping do me good,
-And never borrow any tear of thee.
-But stay, here come the gardeners:
-Let's step into the shadow of these trees.
-My wretchedness unto a row of pins,
-They'll talk of state; for every one doth so
-Against a change; woe is forerun with woe.
-
-Gardener:
-Go, bind thou up yon dangling apricocks,
-Which, like unruly children, make their sire
-Stoop with oppression of their prodigal weight:
-Give some supportance to the bending twigs.
-Go thou, and like an executioner,
-Cut off the heads of too fast growing sprays,
-That look too lofty in our commonwealth:
-All must be even in our government.
-You thus employ'd, I will go root away
-The noisome weeds, which without profit suck
-The soil's fertility from wholesome flowers.
-
-Servant:
-Why should we in the compass of a pale
-Keep law and form and due proportion,
-Showing, as in a model, our firm estate,
-When our sea-walled garden, the whole land,
-Is full of weeds, her fairest flowers choked up,
-Her fruit-trees all upturned, her hedges ruin'd,
-Her knots disorder'd and her wholesome herbs
-Swarming with caterpillars?
-
-Gardener:
-Hold thy peace:
-He that hath suffer'd this disorder'd spring
-Hath now himself met with the fall of leaf:
-The weeds which his broad-spreading leaves did shelter,
-That seem'd in eating him to hold him up,
-Are pluck'd up root and all by Bolingbroke,
-I mean the Earl of Wiltshire, Bushy, Green.
-
-Servant:
-What, are they dead?
-
-Gardener:
-They are; and Bolingbroke
-Hath seized the wasteful king. O, what pity is it
-That he had not so trimm'd and dress'd his land
-As we this garden! We at time of year
-Do wound the bark, the skin of our fruit-trees,
-Lest, being over-proud in sap and blood,
-With too much riches it confound itself:
-Had he done so to great and growing men,
-They might have lived to bear and he to taste
-Their fruits of duty: superfluous branches
-We lop away, that bearing boughs may live:
-Had he done so, himself had borne the crown,
-Which waste of idle hours hath quite thrown down.
-
-Servant:
-What, think you then the king shall be deposed?
-
-Gardener:
-Depress'd he is already, and deposed
-'Tis doubt he will be: letters came last night
-To a dear friend of the good Duke of York's,
-That tell black tidings.
-
-QUEEN:
-O, I am press'd to death through want of speaking!
-Thou, old Adam's likeness, set to dress this garden,
-How dares thy harsh rude tongue sound this unpleasing news?
-What Eve, what serpent, hath suggested thee
-To make a second fall of cursed man?
-Why dost thou say King Richard is deposed?
-Darest thou, thou little better thing than earth,
-Divine his downfall? Say, where, when, and how,
-Camest thou by this ill tidings? speak, thou wretch.
-
-Gardener:
-Pardon me, madam: little joy have I
-To breathe this news; yet what I say is true.
-King Richard, he is in the mighty hold
-Of Bolingbroke: their fortunes both are weigh'd:
-In your lord's scale is nothing but himself,
-And some few vanities that make him light;
-But in the balance of great Bolingbroke,
-Besides himself, are all the English peers,
-And with that odds he weighs King Richard down.
-Post you to London, and you will find it so;
-I speak no more than every one doth know.
-
-QUEEN:
-Nimble mischance, that art so light of foot,
-Doth not thy embassage belong to me,
-And am I last that knows it? O, thou think'st
-To serve me last, that I may longest keep
-Thy sorrow in my breast. Come, ladies, go,
-To meet at London London's king in woe.
-What, was I born to this, that my sad look
-Should grace the triumph of great Bolingbroke?
-Gardener, for telling me these news of woe,
-Pray God the plants thou graft'st may never grow.
-
-GARDENER:
-Poor queen! so that thy state might be no worse,
-I would my skill were subject to thy curse.
-Here did she fall a tear; here in this place
-I'll set a bank of rue, sour herb of grace:
-Rue, even for ruth, here shortly shall be seen,
-In the remembrance of a weeping queen.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-Call forth Bagot.
-Now, Bagot, freely speak thy mind;
-What thou dost know of noble Gloucester's death,
-Who wrought it with the king, and who perform'd
-The bloody office of his timeless end.
-
-BAGOT:
-Then set before my face the Lord Aumerle.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-Cousin, stand forth, and look upon that man.
-
-BAGOT:
-My Lord Aumerle, I know your daring tongue
-Scorns to unsay what once it hath deliver'd.
-In that dead time when Gloucester's death was plotted,
-I heard you say, 'Is not my arm of length,
-That reacheth from the restful English court
-As far as Calais, to mine uncle's head?'
-Amongst much other talk, that very time,
-I heard you say that you had rather refuse
-The offer of an hundred thousand crowns
-Than Bolingbroke's return to England;
-Adding withal how blest this land would be
-In this your cousin's death.
-
-DUKE OF AUMERLE:
-Princes and noble lords,
-What answer shall I make to this base man?
-Shall I so much dishonour my fair stars,
-On equal terms to give him chastisement?
-Either I must, or have mine honour soil'd
-With the attainder of his slanderous lips.
-There is my gage, the manual seal of death,
-That marks thee out for hell: I say, thou liest,
-And will maintain what thou hast said is false
-In thy heart-blood, though being all too base
-To stain the temper of my knightly sword.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-Bagot, forbear; thou shalt not take it up.
-
-DUKE OF AUMERLE:
-Excepting one, I would he were the best
-In all this presence that hath moved me so.
-
-LORD FITZWATER:
-If that thy valour stand on sympathy,
-There is my gage, Aumerle, in gage to thine:
-By that fair sun which shows me where thou stand'st,
-I heard thee say, and vauntingly thou spakest it
-That thou wert cause of noble Gloucester's death.
-If thou deny'st it twenty times, thou liest;
-And I will turn thy falsehood to thy heart,
-Where it was forged, with my rapier's point.
-
-DUKE OF AUMERLE:
-Thou darest not, coward, live to see that day.
-
-LORD FITZWATER:
-Now by my soul, I would it were this hour.
-
-DUKE OF AUMERLE:
-Fitzwater, thou art damn'd to hell for this.
-
-HENRY PERCY:
-Aumerle, thou liest; his honour is as true
-In this appeal as thou art all unjust;
-And that thou art so, there I throw my gage,
-To prove it on thee to the extremest point
-Of mortal breathing: seize it, if thou darest.
-
-DUKE OF AUMERLE:
-An if I do not, may my hands rot off
-And never brandish more revengeful steel
-Over the glittering helmet of my foe!
-
-Lord:
-I task the earth to the like, forsworn Aumerle;
-And spur thee on with full as many lies
-As may be holloa'd in thy treacherous ear
-From sun to sun: there is my honour's pawn;
-Engage it to the trial, if thou darest.
-
-DUKE OF AUMERLE:
-Who sets me else? by heaven, I'll throw at all:
-I have a thousand spirits in one breast,
-To answer twenty thousand such as you.
-
-DUKE OF SURREY:
-My Lord Fitzwater, I do remember well
-The very time Aumerle and you did talk.
-
-LORD FITZWATER:
-'Tis very true: you were in presence then;
-And you can witness with me this is true.
-
-DUKE OF SURREY:
-As false, by heaven, as heaven itself is true.
-
-LORD FITZWATER:
-Surrey, thou liest.
-
-DUKE OF SURREY:
-Dishonourable boy!
-That lie shall lie so heavy on my sword,
-That it shall render vengeance and revenge
-Till thou the lie-giver and that lie do lie
-In earth as quiet as thy father's skull:
-In proof whereof, there is my honour's pawn;
-Engage it to the trial, if thou darest.
-
-LORD FITZWATER:
-How fondly dost thou spur a forward horse!
-If I dare eat, or drink, or breathe, or live,
-I dare meet Surrey in a wilderness,
-And spit upon him, whilst I say he lies,
-And lies, and lies: there is my bond of faith,
-To tie thee to my strong correction.
-As I intend to thrive in this new world,
-Aumerle is guilty of my true appeal:
-Besides, I heard the banish'd Norfolk say
-That thou, Aumerle, didst send two of thy men
-To execute the noble duke at Calais.
-
-DUKE OF AUMERLE:
-Some honest Christian trust me with a gage
-That Norfolk lies: here do I throw down this,
-If he may be repeal'd, to try his honour.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-These differences shall all rest under gage
-Till Norfolk be repeal'd: repeal'd he shall be,
-And, though mine enemy, restored again
-To all his lands and signories: when he's return'd,
-Against Aumerle we will enforce his trial.
-
-BISHOP OF CARLISLE:
-That honourable day shall ne'er be seen.
-Many a time hath banish'd Norfolk fought
-For Jesu Christ in glorious Christian field,
-Streaming the ensign of the Christian cross
-Against black pagans, Turks, and Saracens:
-And toil'd with works of war, retired himself
-To Italy; and there at Venice gave
-His body to that pleasant country's earth,
-And his pure soul unto his captain Christ,
-Under whose colours he had fought so long.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-Why, bishop, is Norfolk dead?
-
-BISHOP OF CARLISLE:
-As surely as I live, my lord.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-Sweet peace conduct his sweet soul to the bosom
-Of good old Abraham! Lords appellants,
-Your differences shall all rest under gage
-Till we assign you to your days of trial.
-
-DUKE OF YORK:
-Great Duke of Lancaster, I come to thee
-From plume-pluck'd Richard; who with willing soul
-Adopts thee heir, and his high sceptre yields
-To the possession of thy royal hand:
-Ascend his throne, descending now from him;
-And long live Henry, fourth of that name!
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-In God's name, I'll ascend the regal throne.
-
-BISHOP OF CARLISLE:
-Marry. God forbid!
-Worst in this royal presence may I speak,
-Yet best beseeming me to speak the truth.
-Would God that any in this noble presence
-Were enough noble to be upright judge
-Of noble Richard! then true noblesse would
-Learn him forbearance from so foul a wrong.
-What subject can give sentence on his king?
-And who sits here that is not Richard's subject?
-Thieves are not judged but they are by to hear,
-Although apparent guilt be seen in them;
-And shall the figure of God's majesty,
-His captain, steward, deputy-elect,
-Anointed, crowned, planted many years,
-Be judged by subject and inferior breath,
-And he himself not present? O, forfend it, God,
-That in a Christian climate souls refined
-Should show so heinous, black, obscene a deed!
-I speak to subjects, and a subject speaks,
-Stirr'd up by God, thus boldly for his king:
-My Lord of Hereford here, whom you call king,
-Is a foul traitor to proud Hereford's king:
-And if you crown him, let me prophesy:
-The blood of English shall manure the ground,
-And future ages groan for this foul act;
-Peace shall go sleep with Turks and infidels,
-And in this seat of peace tumultuous wars
-Shall kin with kin and kind with kind confound;
-Disorder, horror, fear and mutiny
-Shall here inhabit, and this land be call'd
-The field of Golgotha and dead men's skulls.
-O, if you raise this house against this house,
-It will the woefullest division prove
-That ever fell upon this cursed earth.
-Prevent it, resist it, let it not be so,
-Lest child, child's children, cry against you woe!
-
-NORTHUMBERLAND:
-Well have you argued, sir; and, for your pains,
-Of capital treason we arrest you here.
-My Lord of Westminster, be it your charge
-To keep him safely till his day of trial.
-May it please you, lords, to grant the commons' suit.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-Fetch hither Richard, that in common view
-He may surrender; so we shall proceed
-Without suspicion.
-
-DUKE OF YORK:
-I will be his conduct.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-Lords, you that here are under our arrest,
-Procure your sureties for your days of answer.
-Little are we beholding to your love,
-And little look'd for at your helping hands.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-Alack, why am I sent for to a king,
-Before I have shook off the regal thoughts
-Wherewith I reign'd? I hardly yet have learn'd
-To insinuate, flatter, bow, and bend my limbs:
-Give sorrow leave awhile to tutor me
-To this submission. Yet I well remember
-The favours of these men: were they not mine?
-Did they not sometime cry, 'all hail!' to me?
-So Judas did to Christ: but he, in twelve,
-Found truth in all but one: I, in twelve thousand, none.
-God save the king! Will no man say amen?
-Am I both priest and clerk? well then, amen.
-God save the king! although I be not he;
-And yet, amen, if heaven do think him me.
-To do what service am I sent for hither?
-
-DUKE OF YORK:
-To do that office of thine own good will
-Which tired majesty did make thee offer,
-The resignation of thy state and crown
-To Henry Bolingbroke.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-Give me the crown. Here, cousin, seize the crown;
-Here cousin:
-On this side my hand, and on that side yours.
-Now is this golden crown like a deep well
-That owes two buckets, filling one another,
-The emptier ever dancing in the air,
-The other down, unseen and full of water:
-That bucket down and full of tears am I,
-Drinking my griefs, whilst you mount up on high.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-I thought you had been willing to resign.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-My crown I am; but still my griefs are mine:
-You may my glories and my state depose,
-But not my griefs; still am I king of those.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-Part of your cares you give me with your crown.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-Your cares set up do not pluck my cares down.
-My care is loss of care, by old care done;
-Your care is gain of care, by new care won:
-The cares I give I have, though given away;
-They tend the crown, yet still with me they stay.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-Are you contented to resign the crown?
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-Ay, no; no, ay; for I must nothing be;
-Therefore no no, for I resign to thee.
-Now mark me, how I will undo myself;
-I give this heavy weight from off my head
-And this unwieldy sceptre from my hand,
-The pride of kingly sway from out my heart;
-With mine own tears I wash away my balm,
-With mine own hands I give away my crown,
-With mine own tongue deny my sacred state,
-With mine own breath release all duty's rites:
-All pomp and majesty I do forswear;
-My manors, rents, revenues I forego;
-My acts, decrees, and statutes I deny:
-God pardon all oaths that are broke to me!
-God keep all vows unbroke that swear to thee!
-Make me, that nothing have, with nothing grieved,
-And thou with all pleased, that hast all achieved!
-Long mayst thou live in Richard's seat to sit,
-And soon lie Richard in an earthly pit!
-God save King Harry, unking'd Richard says,
-And send him many years of sunshine days!
-What more remains?
-
-NORTHUMBERLAND:
-No more, but that you read
-These accusations and these grievous crimes
-Committed by your person and your followers
-Against the state and profit of this land;
-That, by confessing them, the souls of men
-May deem that you are worthily deposed.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-Must I do so? and must I ravel out
-My weaved-up folly? Gentle Northumberland,
-If thy offences were upon record,
-Would it not shame thee in so fair a troop
-To read a lecture of them? If thou wouldst,
-There shouldst thou find one heinous article,
-Containing the deposing of a king
-And cracking the strong warrant of an oath,
-Mark'd with a blot, damn'd in the book of heaven:
-Nay, all of you that stand and look upon,
-Whilst that my wretchedness doth bait myself,
-Though some of you with Pilate wash your hands
-Showing an outward pity; yet you Pilates
-Have here deliver'd me to my sour cross,
-And water cannot wash away your sin.
-
-NORTHUMBERLAND:
-My lord, dispatch; read o'er these articles.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-Mine eyes are full of tears, I cannot see:
-And yet salt water blinds them not so much
-But they can see a sort of traitors here.
-Nay, if I turn mine eyes upon myself,
-I find myself a traitor with the rest;
-For I have given here my soul's consent
-To undeck the pompous body of a king;
-Made glory base and sovereignty a slave,
-Proud majesty a subject, state a peasant.
-
-NORTHUMBERLAND:
-My lord,--
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-No lord of thine, thou haught insulting man,
-Nor no man's lord; I have no name, no title,
-No, not that name was given me at the font,
-But 'tis usurp'd: alack the heavy day,
-That I have worn so many winters out,
-And know not now what name to call myself!
-O that I were a mockery king of snow,
-Standing before the sun of Bolingbroke,
-To melt myself away in water-drops!
-Good king, great king, and yet not greatly good,
-An if my word be sterling yet in England,
-Let it command a mirror hither straight,
-That it may show me what a face I have,
-Since it is bankrupt of his majesty.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-Go some of you and fetch a looking-glass.
-
-NORTHUMBERLAND:
-Read o'er this paper while the glass doth come.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-Fiend, thou torment'st me ere I come to hell!
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-Urge it no more, my Lord Northumberland.
-
-NORTHUMBERLAND:
-The commons will not then be satisfied.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-They shall be satisfied: I'll read enough,
-When I do see the very book indeed
-Where all my sins are writ, and that's myself.
-Give me the glass, and therein will I read.
-No deeper wrinkles yet? hath sorrow struck
-So many blows upon this face of mine,
-And made no deeper wounds? O flattering glass,
-Like to my followers in prosperity,
-Thou dost beguile me! Was this face the face
-That every day under his household roof
-Did keep ten thousand men? was this the face
-That, like the sun, did make beholders wink?
-Was this the face that faced so many follies,
-And was at last out-faced by Bolingbroke?
-A brittle glory shineth in this face:
-As brittle as the glory is the face;
-For there it is, crack'd in a hundred shivers.
-Mark, silent king, the moral of this sport,
-How soon my sorrow hath destroy'd my face.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-The shadow of your sorrow hath destroy'd
-The shadow or your face.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-Say that again.
-The shadow of my sorrow! ha! let's see:
-'Tis very true, my grief lies all within;
-And these external manners of laments
-Are merely shadows to the unseen grief
-That swells with silence in the tortured soul;
-There lies the substance: and I thank thee, king,
-For thy great bounty, that not only givest
-Me cause to wail but teachest me the way
-How to lament the cause. I'll beg one boon,
-And then be gone and trouble you no more.
-Shall I obtain it?
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-Name it, fair cousin.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-'Fair cousin'? I am greater than a king:
-For when I was a king, my flatterers
-Were then but subjects; being now a subject,
-I have a king here to my flatterer.
-Being so great, I have no need to beg.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-Yet ask.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-And shall I have?
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-You shall.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-Then give me leave to go.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-Whither?
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-Whither you will, so I were from your sights.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-Go, some of you convey him to the Tower.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-O, good! convey? conveyers are you all,
-That rise thus nimbly by a true king's fall.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-On Wednesday next we solemnly set down
-Our coronation: lords, prepare yourselves.
-
-Abbot:
-A woeful pageant have we here beheld.
-
-BISHOP OF CARLISLE:
-The woe's to come; the children yet unborn.
-Shall feel this day as sharp to them as thorn.
-
-DUKE OF AUMERLE:
-You holy clergymen, is there no plot
-To rid the realm of this pernicious blot?
-
-Abbot:
-My lord,
-Before I freely speak my mind herein,
-You shall not only take the sacrament
-To bury mine intents, but also to effect
-Whatever I shall happen to devise.
-I see your brows are full of discontent,
-Your hearts of sorrow and your eyes of tears:
-Come home with me to supper; and I'll lay
-A plot shall show us all a merry day.
-
-QUEEN:
-This way the king will come; this is the way
-To Julius Caesar's ill-erected tower,
-To whose flint bosom my condemned lord
-Is doom'd a prisoner by proud Bolingbroke:
-Here let us rest, if this rebellious earth
-Have any resting for her true king's queen.
-But soft, but see, or rather do not see,
-My fair rose wither: yet look up, behold,
-That you in pity may dissolve to dew,
-And wash him fresh again with true-love tears.
-Ah, thou, the model where old Troy did stand,
-Thou map of honour, thou King Richard's tomb,
-And not King Richard; thou most beauteous inn,
-Why should hard-favour'd grief be lodged in thee,
-When triumph is become an alehouse guest?
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-Join not with grief, fair woman, do not so,
-To make my end too sudden: learn, good soul,
-To think our former state a happy dream;
-From which awaked, the truth of what we are
-Shows us but this: I am sworn brother, sweet,
-To grim Necessity, and he and I
-Will keep a league till death. Hie thee to France
-And cloister thee in some religious house:
-Our holy lives must win a new world's crown,
-Which our profane hours here have stricken down.
-
-QUEEN:
-What, is my Richard both in shape and mind
-Transform'd and weaken'd? hath Bolingbroke deposed
-Thine intellect? hath he been in thy heart?
-The lion dying thrusteth forth his paw,
-And wounds the earth, if nothing else, with rage
-To be o'erpower'd; and wilt thou, pupil-like,
-Take thy correction mildly, kiss the rod,
-And fawn on rage with base humility,
-Which art a lion and a king of beasts?
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-A king of beasts, indeed; if aught but beasts,
-I had been still a happy king of men.
-Good sometime queen, prepare thee hence for France:
-Think I am dead and that even here thou takest,
-As from my death-bed, thy last living leave.
-In winter's tedious nights sit by the fire
-With good old folks and let them tell thee tales
-Of woeful ages long ago betid;
-And ere thou bid good night, to quit their griefs,
-Tell thou the lamentable tale of me
-And send the hearers weeping to their beds:
-For why, the senseless brands will sympathize
-The heavy accent of thy moving tongue
-And in compassion weep the fire out;
-And some will mourn in ashes, some coal-black,
-For the deposing of a rightful king.
-
-NORTHUMBERLAND:
-My lord, the mind of Bolingbroke is changed:
-You must to Pomfret, not unto the Tower.
-And, madam, there is order ta'en for you;
-With all swift speed you must away to France.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-Northumberland, thou ladder wherewithal
-The mounting Bolingbroke ascends my throne,
-The time shall not be many hours of age
-More than it is ere foul sin gathering head
-Shalt break into corruption: thou shalt think,
-Though he divide the realm and give thee half,
-It is too little, helping him to all;
-And he shall think that thou, which know'st the way
-To plant unrightful kings, wilt know again,
-Being ne'er so little urged, another way
-To pluck him headlong from the usurped throne.
-The love of wicked men converts to fear;
-That fear to hate, and hate turns one or both
-To worthy danger and deserved death.
-
-NORTHUMBERLAND:
-My guilt be on my head, and there an end.
-Take leave and part; for you must part forthwith.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-Doubly divorced! Bad men, you violate
-A twofold marriage, 'twixt my crown and me,
-And then betwixt me and my married wife.
-Let me unkiss the oath 'twixt thee and me;
-And yet not so, for with a kiss 'twas made.
-Part us, Northumberland; I toward the north,
-Where shivering cold and sickness pines the clime;
-My wife to France: from whence, set forth in pomp,
-She came adorned hither like sweet May,
-Sent back like Hallowmas or short'st of day.
-
-QUEEN:
-And must we be divided? must we part?
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-Ay, hand from hand, my love, and heart from heart.
-
-QUEEN:
-Banish us both and send the king with me.
-
-NORTHUMBERLAND:
-That were some love but little policy.
-
-QUEEN:
-Then whither he goes, thither let me go.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-So two, together weeping, make one woe.
-Weep thou for me in France, I for thee here;
-Better far off than near, be ne'er the near.
-Go, count thy way with sighs; I mine with groans.
-
-QUEEN:
-So longest way shall have the longest moans.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-Twice for one step I'll groan, the way being short,
-And piece the way out with a heavy heart.
-Come, come, in wooing sorrow let's be brief,
-Since, wedding it, there is such length in grief;
-One kiss shall stop our mouths, and dumbly part;
-Thus give I mine, and thus take I thy heart.
-
-QUEEN:
-Give me mine own again; 'twere no good part
-To take on me to keep and kill thy heart.
-So, now I have mine own again, be gone,
-That I might strive to kill it with a groan.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-We make woe wanton with this fond delay:
-Once more, adieu; the rest let sorrow say.
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-My lord, you told me you would tell the rest,
-When weeping made you break the story off,
-of our two cousins coming into London.
-
-DUKE OF YORK:
-Where did I leave?
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-At that sad stop, my lord,
-Where rude misgovern'd hands from windows' tops
-Threw dust and rubbish on King Richard's head.
-
-DUKE OF YORK:
-Then, as I said, the duke, great Bolingbroke,
-Mounted upon a hot and fiery steed
-Which his aspiring rider seem'd to know,
-With slow but stately pace kept on his course,
-Whilst all tongues cried 'God save thee,
-Bolingbroke!'
-You would have thought the very windows spake,
-So many greedy looks of young and old
-Through casements darted their desiring eyes
-Upon his visage, and that all the walls
-With painted imagery had said at once
-'Jesu preserve thee! welcome, Bolingbroke!'
-Whilst he, from the one side to the other turning,
-Bareheaded, lower than his proud steed's neck,
-Bespake them thus: 'I thank you, countrymen:'
-And thus still doing, thus he pass'd along.
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-Alack, poor Richard! where rode he the whilst?
-
-DUKE OF YORK:
-As in a theatre, the eyes of men,
-After a well-graced actor leaves the stage,
-Are idly bent on him that enters next,
-Thinking his prattle to be tedious;
-Even so, or with much more contempt, men's eyes
-Did scowl on gentle Richard; no man cried 'God save him!'
-No joyful tongue gave him his welcome home:
-But dust was thrown upon his sacred head:
-Which with such gentle sorrow he shook off,
-His face still combating with tears and smiles,
-The badges of his grief and patience,
-That had not God, for some strong purpose, steel'd
-The hearts of men, they must perforce have melted
-And barbarism itself have pitied him.
-But heaven hath a hand in these events,
-To whose high will we bound our calm contents.
-To Bolingbroke are we sworn subjects now,
-Whose state and honour I for aye allow.
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-Here comes my son Aumerle.
-
-DUKE OF YORK:
-Aumerle that was;
-But that is lost for being Richard's friend,
-And, madam, you must call him Rutland now:
-I am in parliament pledge for his truth
-And lasting fealty to the new-made king.
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-Welcome, my son: who are the violets now
-That strew the green lap of the new come spring?
-
-DUKE OF AUMERLE:
-Madam, I know not, nor I greatly care not:
-God knows I had as lief be none as one.
-
-DUKE OF YORK:
-Well, bear you well in this new spring of time,
-Lest you be cropp'd before you come to prime.
-What news from Oxford? hold those justs and triumphs?
-
-DUKE OF AUMERLE:
-For aught I know, my lord, they do.
-
-DUKE OF YORK:
-You will be there, I know.
-
-DUKE OF AUMERLE:
-If God prevent not, I purpose so.
-
-DUKE OF YORK:
-What seal is that, that hangs without thy bosom?
-Yea, look'st thou pale? let me see the writing.
-
-DUKE OF AUMERLE:
-My lord, 'tis nothing.
-
-DUKE OF YORK:
-No matter, then, who see it;
-I will be satisfied; let me see the writing.
-
-DUKE OF AUMERLE:
-I do beseech your grace to pardon me:
-It is a matter of small consequence,
-Which for some reasons I would not have seen.
-
-DUKE OF YORK:
-Which for some reasons, sir, I mean to see.
-I fear, I fear,--
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-What should you fear?
-'Tis nothing but some bond, that he is enter'd into
-For gay apparel 'gainst the triumph day.
-
-DUKE OF YORK:
-Bound to himself! what doth he with a bond
-That he is bound to? Wife, thou art a fool.
-Boy, let me see the writing.
-
-DUKE OF AUMERLE:
-I do beseech you, pardon me; I may not show it.
-
-DUKE OF YORK:
-I will be satisfied; let me see it, I say.
-Treason! foul treason! Villain! traitor! slave!
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-What is the matter, my lord?
-
-DUKE OF YORK:
-Ho! who is within there?
-Saddle my horse.
-God for his mercy, what treachery is here!
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-Why, what is it, my lord?
-
-DUKE OF YORK:
-Give me my boots, I say; saddle my horse.
-Now, by mine honour, by my life, by my troth,
-I will appeach the villain.
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-What is the matter?
-
-DUKE OF YORK:
-Peace, foolish woman.
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-I will not peace. What is the matter, Aumerle.
-
-DUKE OF AUMERLE:
-Good mother, be content; it is no more
-Than my poor life must answer.
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-Thy life answer!
-
-DUKE OF YORK:
-Bring me my boots: I will unto the king.
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-Strike him, Aumerle. Poor boy, thou art amazed.
-Hence, villain! never more come in my sight.
-
-DUKE OF YORK:
-Give me my boots, I say.
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-Why, York, what wilt thou do?
-Wilt thou not hide the trespass of thine own?
-Have we more sons? or are we like to have?
-Is not my teeming date drunk up with time?
-And wilt thou pluck my fair son from mine age,
-And rob me of a happy mother's name?
-Is he not like thee? is he not thine own?
-
-DUKE OF YORK:
-Thou fond mad woman,
-Wilt thou conceal this dark conspiracy?
-A dozen of them here have ta'en the sacrament,
-And interchangeably set down their hands,
-To kill the king at Oxford.
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-He shall be none;
-We'll keep him here: then what is that to him?
-
-DUKE OF YORK:
-Away, fond woman! were he twenty times my son,
-I would appeach him.
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-Hadst thou groan'd for him
-As I have done, thou wouldst be more pitiful.
-But now I know thy mind; thou dost suspect
-That I have been disloyal to thy bed,
-And that he is a bastard, not thy son:
-Sweet York, sweet husband, be not of that mind:
-He is as like thee as a man may be,
-Not like to me, or any of my kin,
-And yet I love him.
-
-DUKE OF YORK:
-Make way, unruly woman!
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-After, Aumerle! mount thee upon his horse;
-Spur post, and get before him to the king,
-And beg thy pardon ere he do accuse thee.
-I'll not be long behind; though I be old,
-I doubt not but to ride as fast as York:
-And never will I rise up from the ground
-Till Bolingbroke have pardon'd thee. Away, be gone!
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-Can no man tell me of my unthrifty son?
-'Tis full three months since I did see him last;
-If any plague hang over us, 'tis he.
-I would to God, my lords, he might be found:
-Inquire at London, 'mongst the taverns there,
-For there, they say, he daily doth frequent,
-With unrestrained loose companions,
-Even such, they say, as stand in narrow lanes,
-And beat our watch, and rob our passengers;
-Which he, young wanton and effeminate boy,
-Takes on the point of honour to support
-So dissolute a crew.
-
-HENRY PERCY:
-My lord, some two days since I saw the prince,
-And told him of those triumphs held at Oxford.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-And what said the gallant?
-
-HENRY PERCY:
-His answer was, he would unto the stews,
-And from the common'st creature pluck a glove,
-And wear it as a favour; and with that
-He would unhorse the lustiest challenger.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-As dissolute as desperate; yet through both
-I see some sparks of better hope, which elder years
-May happily bring forth. But who comes here?
-
-DUKE OF AUMERLE:
-Where is the king?
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-What means our cousin, that he stares and looks
-So wildly?
-
-DUKE OF AUMERLE:
-God save your grace! I do beseech your majesty,
-To have some conference with your grace alone.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-Withdraw yourselves, and leave us here alone.
-What is the matter with our cousin now?
-
-DUKE OF AUMERLE:
-For ever may my knees grow to the earth,
-My tongue cleave to my roof within my mouth
-Unless a pardon ere I rise or speak.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-Intended or committed was this fault?
-If on the first, how heinous e'er it be,
-To win thy after-love I pardon thee.
-
-DUKE OF AUMERLE:
-Then give me leave that I may turn the key,
-That no man enter till my tale be done.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-Have thy desire.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-Villain, I'll make thee safe.
-
-DUKE OF AUMERLE:
-Stay thy revengeful hand; thou hast no cause to fear.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-What is the matter, uncle? speak;
-Recover breath; tell us how near is danger,
-That we may arm us to encounter it.
-
-DUKE OF YORK:
-Peruse this writing here, and thou shalt know
-The treason that my haste forbids me show.
-
-DUKE OF AUMERLE:
-Remember, as thou read'st, thy promise pass'd:
-I do repent me; read not my name there
-My heart is not confederate with my hand.
-
-DUKE OF YORK:
-It was, villain, ere thy hand did set it down.
-I tore it from the traitor's bosom, king;
-Fear, and not love, begets his penitence:
-Forget to pity him, lest thy pity prove
-A serpent that will sting thee to the heart.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-O heinous, strong and bold conspiracy!
-O loyal father of a treacherous son!
-Thou sheer, immaculate and silver fountain,
-From when this stream through muddy passages
-Hath held his current and defiled himself!
-Thy overflow of good converts to bad,
-And thy abundant goodness shall excuse
-This deadly blot in thy digressing son.
-
-DUKE OF YORK:
-So shall my virtue be his vice's bawd;
-And he shall spend mine honour with his shame,
-As thriftless sons their scraping fathers' gold.
-Mine honour lives when his dishonour dies,
-Or my shamed life in his dishonour lies:
-Thou kill'st me in his life; giving him breath,
-The traitor lives, the true man's put to death.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-What shrill-voiced suppliant makes this eager cry?
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-A woman, and thy aunt, great king; 'tis I.
-Speak with me, pity me, open the door.
-A beggar begs that never begg'd before.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-Our scene is alter'd from a serious thing,
-And now changed to 'The Beggar and the King.'
-My dangerous cousin, let your mother in:
-I know she is come to pray for your foul sin.
-
-DUKE OF YORK:
-If thou do pardon, whosoever pray,
-More sins for this forgiveness prosper may.
-This fester'd joint cut off, the rest rest sound;
-This let alone will all the rest confound.
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-O king, believe not this hard-hearted man!
-Love loving not itself none other can.
-
-DUKE OF YORK:
-Thou frantic woman, what dost thou make here?
-Shall thy old dugs once more a traitor rear?
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-Sweet York, be patient. Hear me, gentle liege.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-Rise up, good aunt.
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-Not yet, I thee beseech:
-For ever will I walk upon my knees,
-And never see day that the happy sees,
-Till thou give joy; until thou bid me joy,
-By pardoning Rutland, my transgressing boy.
-
-DUKE OF AUMERLE:
-Unto my mother's prayers I bend my knee.
-
-DUKE OF YORK:
-Against them both my true joints bended be.
-Ill mayst thou thrive, if thou grant any grace!
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-Pleads he in earnest? look upon his face;
-His eyes do drop no tears, his prayers are in jest;
-His words come from his mouth, ours from our breast:
-He prays but faintly and would be denied;
-We pray with heart and soul and all beside:
-His weary joints would gladly rise, I know;
-Our knees shall kneel till to the ground they grow:
-His prayers are full of false hypocrisy;
-Ours of true zeal and deep integrity.
-Our prayers do out-pray his; then let them have
-That mercy which true prayer ought to have.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-Good aunt, stand up.
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-Nay, do not say, 'stand up;'
-Say, 'pardon' first, and afterwards 'stand up.'
-And if I were thy nurse, thy tongue to teach,
-'Pardon' should be the first word of thy speech.
-I never long'd to hear a word till now;
-Say 'pardon,' king; let pity teach thee how:
-The word is short, but not so short as sweet;
-No word like 'pardon' for kings' mouths so meet.
-
-DUKE OF YORK:
-Speak it in French, king; say, 'pardonne moi.'
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-Dost thou teach pardon pardon to destroy?
-Ah, my sour husband, my hard-hearted lord,
-That set'st the word itself against the word!
-Speak 'pardon' as 'tis current in our land;
-The chopping French we do not understand.
-Thine eye begins to speak; set thy tongue there;
-Or in thy piteous heart plant thou thine ear;
-That hearing how our plaints and prayers do pierce,
-Pity may move thee 'pardon' to rehearse.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-Good aunt, stand up.
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-I do not sue to stand;
-Pardon is all the suit I have in hand.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-I pardon him, as God shall pardon me.
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-O happy vantage of a kneeling knee!
-Yet am I sick for fear: speak it again;
-Twice saying 'pardon' doth not pardon twain,
-But makes one pardon strong.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-With all my heart
-I pardon him.
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-A god on earth thou art.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-But for our trusty brother-in-law and the abbot,
-With all the rest of that consorted crew,
-Destruction straight shall dog them at the heels.
-Good uncle, help to order several powers
-To Oxford, or where'er these traitors are:
-They shall not live within this world, I swear,
-But I will have them, if I once know where.
-Uncle, farewell: and, cousin too, adieu:
-Your mother well hath pray'd, and prove you true.
-
-DUCHESS OF YORK:
-Come, my old son: I pray God make thee new.
-
-EXTON:
-Didst thou not mark the king, what words he spake,
-'Have I no friend will rid me of this living fear?'
-Was it not so?
-
-Servant:
-These were his very words.
-
-EXTON:
-'Have I no friend?' quoth he: he spake it twice,
-And urged it twice together, did he not?
-
-Servant:
-He did.
-
-EXTON:
-And speaking it, he wistly look'd on me,
-And who should say, 'I would thou wert the man'
-That would divorce this terror from my heart;'
-Meaning the king at Pomfret. Come, let's go:
-I am the king's friend, and will rid his foe.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-I have been studying how I may compare
-This prison where I live unto the world:
-And for because the world is populous
-And here is not a creature but myself,
-I cannot do it; yet I'll hammer it out.
-My brain I'll prove the female to my soul,
-My soul the father; and these two beget
-A generation of still-breeding thoughts,
-And these same thoughts people this little world,
-In humours like the people of this world,
-For no thought is contented. The better sort,
-As thoughts of things divine, are intermix'd
-With scruples and do set the word itself
-Against the word:
-As thus, 'Come, little ones,' and then again,
-'It is as hard to come as for a camel
-To thread the postern of a small needle's eye.'
-Thoughts tending to ambition, they do plot
-Unlikely wonders; how these vain weak nails
-May tear a passage through the flinty ribs
-Of this hard world, my ragged prison walls,
-And, for they cannot, die in their own pride.
-Thoughts tending to content flatter themselves
-That they are not the first of fortune's slaves,
-Nor shall not be the last; like silly beggars
-Who sitting in the stocks refuge their shame,
-That many have and others must sit there;
-And in this thought they find a kind of ease,
-Bearing their own misfortunes on the back
-Of such as have before endured the like.
-Thus play I in one person many people,
-And none contented: sometimes am I king;
-Then treasons make me wish myself a beggar,
-And so I am: then crushing penury
-Persuades me I was better when a king;
-Then am I king'd again: and by and by
-Think that I am unking'd by Bolingbroke,
-And straight am nothing: but whate'er I be,
-Nor I nor any man that but man is
-With nothing shall be pleased, till he be eased
-With being nothing. Music do I hear?
-Ha, ha! keep time: how sour sweet music is,
-When time is broke and no proportion kept!
-So is it in the music of men's lives.
-And here have I the daintiness of ear
-To cheque time broke in a disorder'd string;
-But for the concord of my state and time
-Had not an ear to hear my true time broke.
-I wasted time, and now doth time waste me;
-For now hath time made me his numbering clock:
-My thoughts are minutes; and with sighs they jar
-Their watches on unto mine eyes, the outward watch,
-Whereto my finger, like a dial's point,
-Is pointing still, in cleansing them from tears.
-Now sir, the sound that tells what hour it is
-Are clamorous groans, which strike upon my heart,
-Which is the bell: so sighs and tears and groans
-Show minutes, times, and hours: but my time
-Runs posting on in Bolingbroke's proud joy,
-While I stand fooling here, his Jack o' the clock.
-This music mads me; let it sound no more;
-For though it have holp madmen to their wits,
-In me it seems it will make wise men mad.
-Yet blessing on his heart that gives it me!
-For 'tis a sign of love; and love to Richard
-Is a strange brooch in this all-hating world.
-
-Groom:
-Hail, royal prince!
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-Thanks, noble peer;
-The cheapest of us is ten groats too dear.
-What art thou? and how comest thou hither,
-Where no man never comes but that sad dog
-That brings me food to make misfortune live?
-
-Groom:
-I was a poor groom of thy stable, king,
-When thou wert king; who, travelling towards York,
-With much ado at length have gotten leave
-To look upon my sometimes royal master's face.
-O, how it yearn'd my heart when I beheld
-In London streets, that coronation-day,
-When Bolingbroke rode on roan Barbary,
-That horse that thou so often hast bestrid,
-That horse that I so carefully have dress'd!
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-Rode he on Barbary? Tell me, gentle friend,
-How went he under him?
-
-Groom:
-So proudly as if he disdain'd the ground.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-So proud that Bolingbroke was on his back!
-That jade hath eat bread from my royal hand;
-This hand hath made him proud with clapping him.
-Would he not stumble? would he not fall down,
-Since pride must have a fall, and break the neck
-Of that proud man that did usurp his back?
-Forgiveness, horse! why do I rail on thee,
-Since thou, created to be awed by man,
-Wast born to bear? I was not made a horse;
-And yet I bear a burthen like an ass,
-Spurr'd, gall'd and tired by jouncing Bolingbroke.
-
-Keeper:
-Fellow, give place; here is no longer stay.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-If thou love me, 'tis time thou wert away.
-
-Groom:
-What my tongue dares not, that my heart shall say.
-
-Keeper:
-My lord, will't please you to fall to?
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-Taste of it first, as thou art wont to do.
-
-Keeper:
-My lord, I dare not: Sir Pierce of Exton, who
-lately came from the king, commands the contrary.
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-The devil take Henry of Lancaster and thee!
-Patience is stale, and I am weary of it.
-
-Keeper:
-Help, help, help!
-
-KING RICHARD II:
-How now! what means death in this rude assault?
-Villain, thy own hand yields thy death's instrument.
-Go thou, and fill another room in hell.
-That hand shall burn in never-quenching fire
-That staggers thus my person. Exton, thy fierce hand
-Hath with the king's blood stain'd the king's own land.
-Mount, mount, my soul! thy seat is up on high;
-Whilst my gross flesh sinks downward, here to die.
-
-EXTON:
-As full of valour as of royal blood:
-Both have I spill'd; O would the deed were good!
-For now the devil, that told me I did well,
-Says that this deed is chronicled in hell.
-This dead king to the living king I'll bear
-Take hence the rest, and give them burial here.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-Kind uncle York, the latest news we hear
-Is that the rebels have consumed with fire
-Our town of Cicester in Gloucestershire;
-But whether they be ta'en or slain we hear not.
-Welcome, my lord what is the news?
-
-NORTHUMBERLAND:
-First, to thy sacred state wish I all happiness.
-The next news is, I have to London sent
-The heads of Oxford, Salisbury, Blunt, and Kent:
-The manner of their taking may appear
-At large discoursed in this paper here.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-We thank thee, gentle Percy, for thy pains;
-And to thy worth will add right worthy gains.
-
-LORD FITZWATER:
-My lord, I have from Oxford sent to London
-The heads of Brocas and Sir Bennet Seely,
-Two of the dangerous consorted traitors
-That sought at Oxford thy dire overthrow.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-Thy pains, Fitzwater, shall not be forgot;
-Right noble is thy merit, well I wot.
-
-HENRY PERCY:
-The grand conspirator, Abbot of Westminster,
-With clog of conscience and sour melancholy
-Hath yielded up his body to the grave;
-But here is Carlisle living, to abide
-Thy kingly doom and sentence of his pride.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-Carlisle, this is your doom:
-Choose out some secret place, some reverend room,
-More than thou hast, and with it joy thy life;
-So as thou livest in peace, die free from strife:
-For though mine enemy thou hast ever been,
-High sparks of honour in thee have I seen.
-
-EXTON:
-Great king, within this coffin I present
-Thy buried fear: herein all breathless lies
-The mightiest of thy greatest enemies,
-Richard of Bordeaux, by me hither brought.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-Exton, I thank thee not; for thou hast wrought
-A deed of slander with thy fatal hand
-Upon my head and all this famous land.
-
-EXTON:
-From your own mouth, my lord, did I this deed.
-
-HENRY BOLINGBROKE:
-They love not poison that do poison need,
-Nor do I thee: though I did wish him dead,
-I hate the murderer, love him murdered.
-The guilt of conscience take thou for thy labour,
-But neither my good word nor princely favour:
-With Cain go wander through shades of night,
-And never show thy head by day nor light.
-Lords, I protest, my soul is full of woe,
-That blood should sprinkle me to make me grow:
-Come, mourn with me for that I do lament,
-And put on sullen black incontinent:
-I'll make a voyage to the Holy Land,
-To wash this blood off from my guilty hand:
-March sadly after; grace my mournings here;
-In weeping after this untimely bier.
-
-
-SAMPSON:
-Gregory, o' my word, we'll not carry coals.
-
-GREGORY:
-No, for then we should be colliers.
-
-SAMPSON:
-I mean, an we be in choler, we'll draw.
-
-GREGORY:
-Ay, while you live, draw your neck out o' the collar.
-
-SAMPSON:
-I strike quickly, being moved.
-
-GREGORY:
-But thou art not quickly moved to strike.
-
-SAMPSON:
-A dog of the house of Montague moves me.
-
-GREGORY:
-To move is to stir; and to be valiant is to stand:
-therefore, if thou art moved, thou runn'st away.
-
-SAMPSON:
-A dog of that house shall move me to stand: I will
-take the wall of any man or maid of Montague's.
-
-GREGORY:
-That shows thee a weak slave; for the weakest goes
-to the wall.
-
-SAMPSON:
-True; and therefore women, being the weaker vessels,
-are ever thrust to the wall: therefore I will push
-Montague's men from the wall, and thrust his maids
-to the wall.
-
-GREGORY:
-The quarrel is between our masters and us their men.
-
-SAMPSON:
-'Tis all one, I will show myself a tyrant: when I
-have fought with the men, I will be cruel with the
-maids, and cut off their heads.
-
-GREGORY:
-The heads of the maids?
-
-SAMPSON:
-Ay, the heads of the maids, or their maidenheads;
-take it in what sense thou wilt.
-
-GREGORY:
-They must take it in sense that feel it.
-
-SAMPSON:
-Me they shall feel while I am able to stand: and
-'tis known I am a pretty piece of flesh.
-
-GREGORY:
-'Tis well thou art not fish; if thou hadst, thou
-hadst been poor John. Draw thy tool! here comes
-two of the house of the Montagues.
-
-SAMPSON:
-My naked weapon is out: quarrel, I will back thee.
-
-GREGORY:
-How! turn thy back and run?
-
-SAMPSON:
-Fear me not.
-
-GREGORY:
-No, marry; I fear thee!
-
-SAMPSON:
-Let us take the law of our sides; let them begin.
-
-GREGORY:
-I will frown as I pass by, and let them take it as
-they list.
-
-SAMPSON:
-Nay, as they dare. I will bite my thumb at them;
-which is a disgrace to them, if they bear it.
-
-ABRAHAM:
-Do you bite your thumb at us, sir?
-
-SAMPSON:
-I do bite my thumb, sir.
-
-ABRAHAM:
-Do you bite your thumb at us, sir?
-
-GREGORY:
-No.
-
-SAMPSON:
-No, sir, I do not bite my thumb at you, sir, but I
-bite my thumb, sir.
-
-GREGORY:
-Do you quarrel, sir?
-
-ABRAHAM:
-Quarrel sir! no, sir.
-
-SAMPSON:
-If you do, sir, I am for you: I serve as good a man as you.
-
-ABRAHAM:
-No better.
-
-SAMPSON:
-Well, sir.
-
-GREGORY:
-Say 'better:' here comes one of my master's kinsmen.
-
-SAMPSON:
-Yes, better, sir.
-
-ABRAHAM:
-You lie.
-
-SAMPSON:
-Draw, if you be men. Gregory, remember thy swashing blow.
-
-BENVOLIO:
-Part, fools!
-Put up your swords; you know not what you do.
-
-TYBALT:
-What, art thou drawn among these heartless hinds?
-Turn thee, Benvolio, look upon thy death.
-
-BENVOLIO:
-I do but keep the peace: put up thy sword,
-Or manage it to part these men with me.
-
-TYBALT:
-What, drawn, and talk of peace! I hate the word,
-As I hate hell, all Montagues, and thee:
-Have at thee, coward!
-
-First Citizen:
-Clubs, bills, and partisans! strike! beat them down!
-Down with the Capulets! down with the Montagues!
-
-CAPULET:
-What noise is this? Give me my long sword, ho!
-
-LADY CAPULET:
-A crutch, a crutch! why call you for a sword?
-
-CAPULET:
-My sword, I say! Old Montague is come,
-And flourishes his blade in spite of me.
-
-MONTAGUE:
-Thou villain Capulet,--Hold me not, let me go.
-
-LADY MONTAGUE:
-Thou shalt not stir a foot to seek a foe.
-
-PRINCE:
-Rebellious subjects, enemies to peace,
-Profaners of this neighbour-stained steel,--
-Will they not hear? What, ho! you men, you beasts,
-That quench the fire of your pernicious rage
-With purple fountains issuing from your veins,
-On pain of torture, from those bloody hands
-Throw your mistemper'd weapons to the ground,
-And hear the sentence of your moved prince.
-Three civil brawls, bred of an airy word,
-By thee, old Capulet, and Montague,
-Have thrice disturb'd the quiet of our streets,
-And made Verona's ancient citizens
-Cast by their grave beseeming ornaments,
-To wield old partisans, in hands as old,
-Canker'd with peace, to part your canker'd hate:
-If ever you disturb our streets again,
-Your lives shall pay the forfeit of the peace.
-For this time, all the rest depart away:
-You Capulet; shall go along with me:
-And, Montague, come you this afternoon,
-To know our further pleasure in this case,
-To old Free-town, our common judgment-place.
-Once more, on pain of death, all men depart.
-
-MONTAGUE:
-Who set this ancient quarrel new abroach?
-Speak, nephew, were you by when it began?
-
-BENVOLIO:
-Here were the servants of your adversary,
-And yours, close fighting ere I did approach:
-I drew to part them: in the instant came
-The fiery Tybalt, with his sword prepared,
-Which, as he breathed defiance to my ears,
-He swung about his head and cut the winds,
-Who nothing hurt withal hiss'd him in scorn:
-While we were interchanging thrusts and blows,
-Came more and more and fought on part and part,
-Till the prince came, who parted either part.
-
-LADY MONTAGUE:
-O, where is Romeo? saw you him to-day?
-Right glad I am he was not at this fray.
-
-BENVOLIO:
-Madam, an hour before the worshipp'd sun
-Peer'd forth the golden window of the east,
-A troubled mind drave me to walk abroad;
-Where, underneath the grove of sycamore
-That westward rooteth from the city's side,
-So early walking did I see your son:
-Towards him I made, but he was ware of me
-And stole into the covert of the wood:
-I, measuring his affections by my own,
-That most are busied when they're most alone,
-Pursued my humour not pursuing his,
-And gladly shunn'd who gladly fled from me.
-
-MONTAGUE:
-Many a morning hath he there been seen,
-With tears augmenting the fresh morning dew.
-Adding to clouds more clouds with his deep sighs;
-But all so soon as the all-cheering sun
-Should in the furthest east begin to draw
-The shady curtains from Aurora's bed,
-Away from the light steals home my heavy son,
-And private in his chamber pens himself,
-Shuts up his windows, locks far daylight out
-And makes himself an artificial night:
-Black and portentous must this humour prove,
-Unless good counsel may the cause remove.
-
-BENVOLIO:
-My noble uncle, do you know the cause?
-
-MONTAGUE:
-I neither know it nor can learn of him.
-
-BENVOLIO:
-Have you importuned him by any means?
-
-MONTAGUE:
-Both by myself and many other friends:
-But he, his own affections' counsellor,
-Is to himself--I will not say how true--
-But to himself so secret and so close,
-So far from sounding and discovery,
-As is the bud bit with an envious worm,
-Ere he can spread his sweet leaves to the air,
-Or dedicate his beauty to the sun.
-Could we but learn from whence his sorrows grow.
-We would as willingly give cure as know.
-
-BENVOLIO:
-See, where he comes: so please you, step aside;
-I'll know his grievance, or be much denied.
-
-MONTAGUE:
-I would thou wert so happy by thy stay,
-To hear true shrift. Come, madam, let's away.
-
-BENVOLIO:
-Good-morrow, cousin.
-
-ROMEO:
-Is the day so young?
-
-BENVOLIO:
-But new struck nine.
-
-ROMEO:
-Ay me! sad hours seem long.
-Was that my father that went hence so fast?
-
-BENVOLIO:
-It was. What sadness lengthens Romeo's hours?
-
-ROMEO:
-Not having that, which, having, makes them short.
-
-BENVOLIO:
-In love?
-
-ROMEO:
-Out--
-
-BENVOLIO:
-Of love?
-
-ROMEO:
-Out of her favour, where I am in love.
-
-BENVOLIO:
-Alas, that love, so gentle in his view,
-Should be so tyrannous and rough in proof!
-
-ROMEO:
-Alas, that love, whose view is muffled still,
-Should, without eyes, see pathways to his will!
-Where shall we dine? O me! What fray was here?
-Yet tell me not, for I have heard it all.
-Here's much to do with hate, but more with love.
-Why, then, O brawling love! O loving hate!
-O any thing, of nothing first create!
-O heavy lightness! serious vanity!
-Mis-shapen chaos of well-seeming forms!
-Feather of lead, bright smoke, cold fire,
-sick health!
-Still-waking sleep, that is not what it is!
-This love feel I, that feel no love in this.
-Dost thou not laugh?
-
-BENVOLIO:
-No, coz, I rather weep.
-
-ROMEO:
-Good heart, at what?
-
-BENVOLIO:
-At thy good heart's oppression.
-
-ROMEO:
-Why, such is love's transgression.
-Griefs of mine own lie heavy in my breast,
-Which thou wilt propagate, to have it prest
-With more of thine: this love that thou hast shown
-Doth add more grief to too much of mine own.
-Love is a smoke raised with the fume of sighs;
-Being purged, a fire sparkling in lovers' eyes;
-Being vex'd a sea nourish'd with lovers' tears:
-What is it else? a madness most discreet,
-A choking gall and a preserving sweet.
-Farewell, my coz.
-
-BENVOLIO:
-Soft! I will go along;
-An if you leave me so, you do me wrong.
-
-ROMEO:
-Tut, I have lost myself; I am not here;
-This is not Romeo, he's some other where.
-
-BENVOLIO:
-Tell me in sadness, who is that you love.
-
-ROMEO:
-What, shall I groan and tell thee?
-
-BENVOLIO:
-Groan! why, no.
-But sadly tell me who.
-
-ROMEO:
-Bid a sick man in sadness make his will:
-Ah, word ill urged to one that is so ill!
-In sadness, cousin, I do love a woman.
-
-BENVOLIO:
-I aim'd so near, when I supposed you loved.
-
-ROMEO:
-A right good mark-man! And she's fair I love.
-
-BENVOLIO:
-A right fair mark, fair coz, is soonest hit.
-
-ROMEO:
-Well, in that hit you miss: she'll not be hit
-With Cupid's arrow; she hath Dian's wit;
-And, in strong proof of chastity well arm'd,
-From love's weak childish bow she lives unharm'd.
-She will not stay the siege of loving terms,
-Nor bide the encounter of assailing eyes,
-Nor ope her lap to saint-seducing gold:
-O, she is rich in beauty, only poor,
-That when she dies with beauty dies her store.
-
-BENVOLIO:
-Then she hath sworn that she will still live chaste?
-
-ROMEO:
-She hath, and in that sparing makes huge waste,
-For beauty starved with her severity
-Cuts beauty off from all posterity.
-She is too fair, too wise, wisely too fair,
-To merit bliss by making me despair:
-She hath forsworn to love, and in that vow
-Do I live dead that live to tell it now.
-
-BENVOLIO:
-Be ruled by me, forget to think of her.
-
-ROMEO:
-O, teach me how I should forget to think.
-
-BENVOLIO:
-By giving liberty unto thine eyes;
-Examine other beauties.
-
-ROMEO:
-'Tis the way
-To call hers exquisite, in question more:
-These happy masks that kiss fair ladies' brows
-Being black put us in mind they hide the fair;
-He that is strucken blind cannot forget
-The precious treasure of his eyesight lost:
-Show me a mistress that is passing fair,
-What doth her beauty serve, but as a note
-Where I may read who pass'd that passing fair?
-Farewell: thou canst not teach me to forget.
-
-BENVOLIO:
-I'll pay that doctrine, or else die in debt.
-
-CAPULET:
-But Montague is bound as well as I,
-In penalty alike; and 'tis not hard, I think,
-For men so old as we to keep the peace.
-
-PARIS:
-Of honourable reckoning are you both;
-And pity 'tis you lived at odds so long.
-But now, my lord, what say you to my suit?
-
-CAPULET:
-But saying o'er what I have said before:
-My child is yet a stranger in the world;
-She hath not seen the change of fourteen years,
-Let two more summers wither in their pride,
-Ere we may think her ripe to be a bride.
-
-PARIS:
-Younger than she are happy mothers made.
-
-CAPULET:
-And too soon marr'd are those so early made.
-The earth hath swallow'd all my hopes but she,
-She is the hopeful lady of my earth:
-But woo her, gentle Paris, get her heart,
-My will to her consent is but a part;
-An she agree, within her scope of choice
-Lies my consent and fair according voice.
-This night I hold an old accustom'd feast,
-Whereto I have invited many a guest,
-Such as I love; and you, among the store,
-One more, most welcome, makes my number more.
-At my poor house look to behold this night
-Earth-treading stars that make dark heaven light:
-Such comfort as do lusty young men feel
-When well-apparell'd April on the heel
-Of limping winter treads, even such delight
-Among fresh female buds shall you this night
-Inherit at my house; hear all, all see,
-And like her most whose merit most shall be:
-Which on more view, of many mine being one
-May stand in number, though in reckoning none,
-Come, go with me.
-Go, sirrah, trudge about
-Through fair Verona; find those persons out
-Whose names are written there, and to them say,
-My house and welcome on their pleasure stay.
-
-Servant:
-Find them out whose names are written here! It is
-written, that the shoemaker should meddle with his
-yard, and the tailor with his last, the fisher with
-his pencil, and the painter with his nets; but I am
-sent to find those persons whose names are here
-writ, and can never find what names the writing
-person hath here writ. I must to the learned.--In good time.
-
-BENVOLIO:
-Tut, man, one fire burns out another's burning,
-One pain is lessen'd by another's anguish;
-Turn giddy, and be holp by backward turning;
-One desperate grief cures with another's languish:
-Take thou some new infection to thy eye,
-And the rank poison of the old will die.
-
-ROMEO:
-Your plaintain-leaf is excellent for that.
-
-BENVOLIO:
-For what, I pray thee?
-
-ROMEO:
-For your broken shin.
-
-BENVOLIO:
-Why, Romeo, art thou mad?
-
-ROMEO:
-Not mad, but bound more than a mad-man is;
-Shut up in prison, kept without my food,
-Whipp'd and tormented and--God-den, good fellow.
-
-Servant:
-God gi' god-den. I pray, sir, can you read?
-
-ROMEO:
-Ay, mine own fortune in my misery.
-
-Servant:
-Perhaps you have learned it without book: but, I
-pray, can you read any thing you see?
-
-ROMEO:
-Ay, if I know the letters and the language.
-
-Servant:
-Ye say honestly: rest you merry!
-
-ROMEO:
-Stay, fellow; I can read.
-'Signior Martino and his wife and daughters;
-County Anselme and his beauteous sisters; the lady
-widow of Vitravio; Signior Placentio and his lovely
-nieces; Mercutio and his brother Valentine; mine
-uncle Capulet, his wife and daughters; my fair niece
-Rosaline; Livia; Signior Valentio and his cousin
-Tybalt, Lucio and the lively Helena.' A fair
-assembly: whither should they come?
-
-Servant:
-Up.
-
-ROMEO:
-Whither?
-
-Servant:
-To supper; to our house.
-
-ROMEO:
-Whose house?
-
-Servant:
-My master's.
-
-ROMEO:
-Indeed, I should have ask'd you that before.
-
-Servant:
-Now I'll tell you without asking: my master is the
-great rich Capulet; and if you be not of the house
-of Montagues, I pray, come and crush a cup of wine.
-Rest you merry!
-
-BENVOLIO:
-At this same ancient feast of Capulet's
-Sups the fair Rosaline whom thou so lovest,
-With all the admired beauties of Verona:
-Go thither; and, with unattainted eye,
-Compare her face with some that I shall show,
-And I will make thee think thy swan a crow.
-
-ROMEO:
-When the devout religion of mine eye
-Maintains such falsehood, then turn tears to fires;
-And these, who often drown'd could never die,
-Transparent heretics, be burnt for liars!
-One fairer than my love! the all-seeing sun
-Ne'er saw her match since first the world begun.
-
-BENVOLIO:
-Tut, you saw her fair, none else being by,
-Herself poised with herself in either eye:
-But in that crystal scales let there be weigh'd
-Your lady's love against some other maid
-That I will show you shining at this feast,
-And she shall scant show well that now shows best.
-
-ROMEO:
-I'll go along, no such sight to be shown,
-But to rejoice in splendor of mine own.
-
-LADY CAPULET:
-Nurse, where's my daughter? call her forth to me.
-
-Nurse:
-Now, by my maidenhead, at twelve year old,
-I bade her come. What, lamb! what, ladybird!
-God forbid! Where's this girl? What, Juliet!
-
-JULIET:
-How now! who calls?
-
-Nurse:
-Your mother.
-
-JULIET:
-Madam, I am here.
-What is your will?
-
-LADY CAPULET:
-This is the matter:--Nurse, give leave awhile,
-We must talk in secret:--nurse, come back again;
-I have remember'd me, thou's hear our counsel.
-Thou know'st my daughter's of a pretty age.
-
-Nurse:
-Faith, I can tell her age unto an hour.
-
-LADY CAPULET:
-She's not fourteen.
-
-Nurse:
-I'll lay fourteen of my teeth,--
-And yet, to my teeth be it spoken, I have but four--
-She is not fourteen. How long is it now
-To Lammas-tide?
-
-LADY CAPULET:
-A fortnight and odd days.
-
-Nurse:
-Even or odd, of all days in the year,
-Come Lammas-eve at night shall she be fourteen.
-Susan and she--God rest all Christian souls!--
-Were of an age: well, Susan is with God;
-She was too good for me: but, as I said,
-On Lammas-eve at night shall she be fourteen;
-That shall she, marry; I remember it well.
-'Tis since the earthquake now eleven years;
-And she was wean'd,--I never shall forget it,--
-Of all the days of the year, upon that day:
-For I had then laid wormwood to my dug,
-Sitting in the sun under the dove-house wall;
-My lord and you were then at Mantua:--
-Nay, I do bear a brain:--but, as I said,
-When it did taste the wormwood on the nipple
-Of my dug and felt it bitter, pretty fool,
-To see it tetchy and fall out with the dug!
-Shake quoth the dove-house: 'twas no need, I trow,
-To bid me trudge:
-And since that time it is eleven years;
-For then she could stand alone; nay, by the rood,
-She could have run and waddled all about;
-For even the day before, she broke her brow:
-And then my husband--God be with his soul!
-A' was a merry man--took up the child:
-'Yea,' quoth he, 'dost thou fall upon thy face?
-Thou wilt fall backward when thou hast more wit;
-Wilt thou not, Jule?' and, by my holidame,
-The pretty wretch left crying and said 'Ay.'
-To see, now, how a jest shall come about!
-I warrant, an I should live a thousand years,
-I never should forget it: 'Wilt thou not, Jule?' quoth he;
-And, pretty fool, it stinted and said 'Ay.'
-
-LADY CAPULET:
-Enough of this; I pray thee, hold thy peace.
-
-Nurse:
-Yes, madam: yet I cannot choose but laugh,
-To think it should leave crying and say 'Ay.'
-And yet, I warrant, it had upon its brow
-A bump as big as a young cockerel's stone;
-A parlous knock; and it cried bitterly:
-'Yea,' quoth my husband,'fall'st upon thy face?
-Thou wilt fall backward when thou comest to age;
-Wilt thou not, Jule?' it stinted and said 'Ay.'
-
-JULIET:
-And stint thou too, I pray thee, nurse, say I.
-
-Nurse:
-Peace, I have done. God mark thee to his grace!
-Thou wast the prettiest babe that e'er I nursed:
-An I might live to see thee married once,
-I have my wish.
-
-LADY CAPULET:
-Marry, that 'marry' is the very theme
-I came to talk of. Tell me, daughter Juliet,
-How stands your disposition to be married?
-
-JULIET:
-It is an honour that I dream not of.
-
-Nurse:
-An honour! were not I thine only nurse,
-I would say thou hadst suck'd wisdom from thy teat.
-
-LADY CAPULET:
-Well, think of marriage now; younger than you,
-Here in Verona, ladies of esteem,
-Are made already mothers: by my count,
-I was your mother much upon these years
-That you are now a maid. Thus then in brief:
-The valiant Paris seeks you for his love.
-
-Nurse:
-A man, young lady! lady, such a man
-As all the world--why, he's a man of wax.
-
-LADY CAPULET:
-Verona's summer hath not such a flower.
-
-Nurse:
-Nay, he's a flower; in faith, a very flower.
-
-LADY CAPULET:
-What say you? can you love the gentleman?
-This night you shall behold him at our feast;
-Read o'er the volume of young Paris' face,
-And find delight writ there with beauty's pen;
-Examine every married lineament,
-And see how one another lends content
-And what obscured in this fair volume lies
-Find written in the margent of his eyes.
-This precious book of love, this unbound lover,
-To beautify him, only lacks a cover:
-The fish lives in the sea, and 'tis much pride
-For fair without the fair within to hide:
-That book in many's eyes doth share the glory,
-That in gold clasps locks in the golden story;
-So shall you share all that he doth possess,
-By having him, making yourself no less.
-
-Nurse:
-No less! nay, bigger; women grow by men.
-
-LADY CAPULET:
-Speak briefly, can you like of Paris' love?
-
-JULIET:
-I'll look to like, if looking liking move:
-But no more deep will I endart mine eye
-Than your consent gives strength to make it fly.
-
-Servant:
-Madam, the guests are come, supper served up, you
-called, my young lady asked for, the nurse cursed in
-the pantry, and every thing in extremity. I must
-hence to wait; I beseech you, follow straight.
-
-LADY CAPULET:
-We follow thee.
-Juliet, the county stays.
-
-Nurse:
-Go, girl, seek happy nights to happy days.
-
-ROMEO:
-What, shall this speech be spoke for our excuse?
-Or shall we on without a apology?
-
-BENVOLIO:
-The date is out of such prolixity:
-We'll have no Cupid hoodwink'd with a scarf,
-Bearing a Tartar's painted bow of lath,
-Scaring the ladies like a crow-keeper;
-Nor no without-book prologue, faintly spoke
-After the prompter, for our entrance:
-But let them measure us by what they will;
-We'll measure them a measure, and be gone.
-
-ROMEO:
-Give me a torch: I am not for this ambling;
-Being but heavy, I will bear the light.
-
-MERCUTIO:
-Nay, gentle Romeo, we must have you dance.
-
-ROMEO:
-Not I, believe me: you have dancing shoes
-With nimble soles: I have a soul of lead
-So stakes me to the ground I cannot move.
-
-MERCUTIO:
-You are a lover; borrow Cupid's wings,
-And soar with them above a common bound.
-
-ROMEO:
-I am too sore enpierced with his shaft
-To soar with his light feathers, and so bound,
-I cannot bound a pitch above dull woe:
-Under love's heavy burden do I sink.
-
-MERCUTIO:
-And, to sink in it, should you burden love;
-Too great oppression for a tender thing.
-
-ROMEO:
-Is love a tender thing? it is too rough,
-Too rude, too boisterous, and it pricks like thorn.
-
-MERCUTIO:
-If love be rough with you, be rough with love;
-Prick love for pricking, and you beat love down.
-Give me a case to put my visage in:
-A visor for a visor! what care I
-What curious eye doth quote deformities?
-Here are the beetle brows shall blush for me.
-
-BENVOLIO:
-Come, knock and enter; and no sooner in,
-But every man betake him to his legs.
-
-ROMEO:
-A torch for me: let wantons light of heart
-Tickle the senseless rushes with their heels,
-For I am proverb'd with a grandsire phrase;
-I'll be a candle-holder, and look on.
-The game was ne'er so fair, and I am done.
-
-MERCUTIO:
-Tut, dun's the mouse, the constable's own word:
-If thou art dun, we'll draw thee from the mire
-Of this sir-reverence love, wherein thou stick'st
-Up to the ears. Come, we burn daylight, ho!
-
-ROMEO:
-Nay, that's not so.
-
-MERCUTIO:
-I mean, sir, in delay
-We waste our lights in vain, like lamps by day.
-Take our good meaning, for our judgment sits
-Five times in that ere once in our five wits.
-
-ROMEO:
-And we mean well in going to this mask;
-But 'tis no wit to go.
-
-MERCUTIO:
-Why, may one ask?
-
-ROMEO:
-I dream'd a dream to-night.
-
-MERCUTIO:
-And so did I.
-
-ROMEO:
-Well, what was yours?
-
-MERCUTIO:
-That dreamers often lie.
-
-ROMEO:
-In bed asleep, while they do dream things true.
-
-MERCUTIO:
-O, then, I see Queen Mab hath been with you.
-She is the fairies' midwife, and she comes
-In shape no bigger than an agate-stone
-On the fore-finger of an alderman,
-Drawn with a team of little atomies
-Athwart men's noses as they lie asleep;
-Her wagon-spokes made of long spiders' legs,
-The cover of the wings of grasshoppers,
-The traces of the smallest spider's web,
-The collars of the moonshine's watery beams,
-Her whip of cricket's bone, the lash of film,
-Her wagoner a small grey-coated gnat,
-Not so big as a round little worm
-Prick'd from the lazy finger of a maid;
-Her chariot is an empty hazel-nut
-Made by the joiner squirrel or old grub,
-Time out o' mind the fairies' coachmakers.
-And in this state she gallops night by night
-Through lovers' brains, and then they dream of love;
-O'er courtiers' knees, that dream on court'sies straight,
-O'er lawyers' fingers, who straight dream on fees,
-O'er ladies ' lips, who straight on kisses dream,
-Which oft the angry Mab with blisters plagues,
-Because their breaths with sweetmeats tainted are:
-Sometime she gallops o'er a courtier's nose,
-And then dreams he of smelling out a suit;
-And sometime comes she with a tithe-pig's tail
-Tickling a parson's nose as a' lies asleep,
-Then dreams, he of another benefice:
-Sometime she driveth o'er a soldier's neck,
-And then dreams he of cutting foreign throats,
-Of breaches, ambuscadoes, Spanish blades,
-Of healths five-fathom deep; and then anon
-Drums in his ear, at which he starts and wakes,
-And being thus frighted swears a prayer or two
-And sleeps again. This is that very Mab
-That plats the manes of horses in the night,
-And bakes the elflocks in foul sluttish hairs,
-Which once untangled, much misfortune bodes:
-This is the hag, when maids lie on their backs,
-That presses them and learns them first to bear,
-Making them women of good carriage:
-This is she--
-
-ROMEO:
-Peace, peace, Mercutio, peace!
-Thou talk'st of nothing.
-
-MERCUTIO:
-True, I talk of dreams,
-Which are the children of an idle brain,
-Begot of nothing but vain fantasy,
-Which is as thin of substance as the air
-And more inconstant than the wind, who wooes
-Even now the frozen bosom of the north,
-And, being anger'd, puffs away from thence,
-Turning his face to the dew-dropping south.
-
-BENVOLIO:
-This wind, you talk of, blows us from ourselves;
-Supper is done, and we shall come too late.
-
-ROMEO:
-I fear, too early: for my mind misgives
-Some consequence yet hanging in the stars
-Shall bitterly begin his fearful date
-With this night's revels and expire the term
-Of a despised life closed in my breast
-By some vile forfeit of untimely death.
-But He, that hath the steerage of my course,
-Direct my sail! On, lusty gentlemen.
-
-BENVOLIO:
-Strike, drum.
-
-First Servant:
-Where's Potpan, that he helps not to take away? He
-shift a trencher? he scrape a trencher!
-
-Second Servant:
-When good manners shall lie all in one or two men's
-hands and they unwashed too, 'tis a foul thing.
-
-First Servant:
-Away with the joint-stools, remove the
-court-cupboard, look to the plate. Good thou, save
-me a piece of marchpane; and, as thou lovest me, let
-the porter let in Susan Grindstone and Nell.
-Antony, and Potpan!
-
-Second Servant:
-Ay, boy, ready.
-
-First Servant:
-You are looked for and called for, asked for and
-sought for, in the great chamber.
-
-Second Servant:
-We cannot be here and there too. Cheerly, boys; be
-brisk awhile, and the longer liver take all.
-
-CAPULET:
-Welcome, gentlemen! ladies that have their toes
-Unplagued with corns will have a bout with you.
-Ah ha, my mistresses! which of you all
-Will now deny to dance? she that makes dainty,
-She, I'll swear, hath corns; am I come near ye now?
-Welcome, gentlemen! I have seen the day
-That I have worn a visor and could tell
-A whispering tale in a fair lady's ear,
-Such as would please: 'tis gone, 'tis gone, 'tis gone:
-You are welcome, gentlemen! come, musicians, play.
-A hall, a hall! give room! and foot it, girls.
-More light, you knaves; and turn the tables up,
-And quench the fire, the room is grown too hot.
-Ah, sirrah, this unlook'd-for sport comes well.
-Nay, sit, nay, sit, good cousin Capulet;
-For you and I are past our dancing days:
-How long is't now since last yourself and I
-Were in a mask?
-
-Second Capulet:
-By'r lady, thirty years.
-
-CAPULET:
-What, man! 'tis not so much, 'tis not so much:
-'Tis since the nuptials of Lucentio,
-Come pentecost as quickly as it will,
-Some five and twenty years; and then we mask'd.
-
-Second Capulet:
-'Tis more, 'tis more, his son is elder, sir;
-His son is thirty.
-
-CAPULET:
-Will you tell me that?
-His son was but a ward two years ago.
-
-Servant:
-I know not, sir.
-
-ROMEO:
-O, she doth teach the torches to burn bright!
-It seems she hangs upon the cheek of night
-Like a rich jewel in an Ethiope's ear;
-Beauty too rich for use, for earth too dear!
-So shows a snowy dove trooping with crows,
-As yonder lady o'er her fellows shows.
-The measure done, I'll watch her place of stand,
-And, touching hers, make blessed my rude hand.
-Did my heart love till now? forswear it, sight!
-For I ne'er saw true beauty till this night.
-
-TYBALT:
-This, by his voice, should be a Montague.
-Fetch me my rapier, boy. What dares the slave
-Come hither, cover'd with an antic face,
-To fleer and scorn at our solemnity?
-Now, by the stock and honour of my kin,
-To strike him dead, I hold it not a sin.
-
-CAPULET:
-Why, how now, kinsman! wherefore storm you so?
-
-TYBALT:
-Uncle, this is a Montague, our foe,
-A villain that is hither come in spite,
-To scorn at our solemnity this night.
-
-CAPULET:
-Young Romeo is it?
-
-TYBALT:
-'Tis he, that villain Romeo.
-
-CAPULET:
-Content thee, gentle coz, let him alone;
-He bears him like a portly gentleman;
-And, to say truth, Verona brags of him
-To be a virtuous and well-govern'd youth:
-I would not for the wealth of all the town
-Here in my house do him disparagement:
-Therefore be patient, take no note of him:
-It is my will, the which if thou respect,
-Show a fair presence and put off these frowns,
-And ill-beseeming semblance for a feast.
-
-TYBALT:
-It fits, when such a villain is a guest:
-I'll not endure him.
-
-CAPULET:
-He shall be endured:
-What, goodman boy! I say, he shall: go to;
-Am I the master here, or you? go to.
-You'll not endure him! God shall mend my soul!
-You'll make a mutiny among my guests!
-You will set cock-a-hoop! you'll be the man!
-
-TYBALT:
-Why, uncle, 'tis a shame.
-
-CAPULET:
-Go to, go to;
-You are a saucy boy: is't so, indeed?
-This trick may chance to scathe you, I know what:
-You must contrary me! marry, 'tis time.
-Well said, my hearts! You are a princox; go:
-Be quiet, or--More light, more light! For shame!
-I'll make you quiet. What, cheerly, my hearts!
-
-TYBALT:
-Patience perforce with wilful choler meeting
-Makes my flesh tremble in their different greeting.
-I will withdraw: but this intrusion shall
-Now seeming sweet convert to bitter gall.
-
-JULIET:
-Good pilgrim, you do wrong your hand too much,
-Which mannerly devotion shows in this;
-For saints have hands that pilgrims' hands do touch,
-And palm to palm is holy palmers' kiss.
-
-ROMEO:
-Have not saints lips, and holy palmers too?
-
-JULIET:
-Ay, pilgrim, lips that they must use in prayer.
-
-ROMEO:
-O, then, dear saint, let lips do what hands do;
-They pray, grant thou, lest faith turn to despair.
-
-JULIET:
-Saints do not move, though grant for prayers' sake.
-
-ROMEO:
-Then move not, while my prayer's effect I take.
-Thus from my lips, by yours, my sin is purged.
-
-JULIET:
-Then have my lips the sin that they have took.
-
-ROMEO:
-Sin from thy lips? O trespass sweetly urged!
-Give me my sin again.
-
-JULIET:
-You kiss by the book.
-
-Nurse:
-Madam, your mother craves a word with you.
-
-ROMEO:
-What is her mother?
-
-Nurse:
-Marry, bachelor,
-Her mother is the lady of the house,
-And a good lady, and a wise and virtuous
-I nursed her daughter, that you talk'd withal;
-I tell you, he that can lay hold of her
-Shall have the chinks.
-
-ROMEO:
-Is she a Capulet?
-O dear account! my life is my foe's debt.
-
-BENVOLIO:
-Away, begone; the sport is at the best.
-
-ROMEO:
-Ay, so I fear; the more is my unrest.
-
-CAPULET:
-Nay, gentlemen, prepare not to be gone;
-We have a trifling foolish banquet towards.
-Is it e'en so? why, then, I thank you all
-I thank you, honest gentlemen; good night.
-More torches here! Come on then, let's to bed.
-Ah, sirrah, by my fay, it waxes late:
-I'll to my rest.
-
-JULIET:
-Come hither, nurse. What is yond gentleman?
-
-Nurse:
-The son and heir of old Tiberio.
-
-JULIET:
-What's he that now is going out of door?
-
-Nurse:
-Marry, that, I think, be young Petrucio.
-
-JULIET:
-What's he that follows there, that would not dance?
-
-Nurse:
-I know not.
-
-JULIET:
-Go ask his name: if he be married.
-My grave is like to be my wedding bed.
-
-Nurse:
-His name is Romeo, and a Montague;
-The only son of your great enemy.
-
-JULIET:
-My only love sprung from my only hate!
-Too early seen unknown, and known too late!
-Prodigious birth of love it is to me,
-That I must love a loathed enemy.
-
-Nurse:
-What's this? what's this?
-
-JULIET:
-A rhyme I learn'd even now
-Of one I danced withal.
-
-Nurse:
-Anon, anon!
-Come, let's away; the strangers all are gone.
-
-Chorus:
-Now old desire doth in his death-bed lie,
-And young affection gapes to be his heir;
-That fair for which love groan'd for and would die,
-With tender Juliet match'd, is now not fair.
-Now Romeo is beloved and loves again,
-Alike betwitched by the charm of looks,
-But to his foe supposed he must complain,
-And she steal love's sweet bait from fearful hooks:
-Being held a foe, he may not have access
-To breathe such vows as lovers use to swear;
-And she as much in love, her means much less
-To meet her new-beloved any where:
-But passion lends them power, time means, to meet
-Tempering extremities with extreme sweet.
-
-ROMEO:
-Can I go forward when my heart is here?
-Turn back, dull earth, and find thy centre out.
-
-BENVOLIO:
-Romeo! my cousin Romeo!
-
-MERCUTIO:
-He is wise;
-And, on my lie, hath stol'n him home to bed.
-
-BENVOLIO:
-He ran this way, and leap'd this orchard wall:
-Call, good Mercutio.
-
-MERCUTIO:
-Nay, I'll conjure too.
-Romeo! humours! madman! passion! lover!
-Appear thou in the likeness of a sigh:
-Speak but one rhyme, and I am satisfied;
-Cry but 'Ay me!' pronounce but 'love' and 'dove;'
-Speak to my gossip Venus one fair word,
-One nick-name for her purblind son and heir,
-Young Adam Cupid, he that shot so trim,
-When King Cophetua loved the beggar-maid!
-He heareth not, he stirreth not, he moveth not;
-The ape is dead, and I must conjure him.
-I conjure thee by Rosaline's bright eyes,
-By her high forehead and her scarlet lip,
-By her fine foot, straight leg and quivering thigh
-And the demesnes that there adjacent lie,
-That in thy likeness thou appear to us!
-
-BENVOLIO:
-And if he hear thee, thou wilt anger him.
-
-MERCUTIO:
-This cannot anger him: 'twould anger him
-To raise a spirit in his mistress' circle
-Of some strange nature, letting it there stand
-Till she had laid it and conjured it down;
-That were some spite: my invocation
-Is fair and honest, and in his mistress' name
-I conjure only but to raise up him.
-
-BENVOLIO:
-Come, he hath hid himself among these trees,
-To be consorted with the humorous night:
-Blind is his love and best befits the dark.
-
-MERCUTIO:
-If love be blind, love cannot hit the mark.
-Now will he sit under a medlar tree,
-And wish his mistress were that kind of fruit
-As maids call medlars, when they laugh alone.
-Romeo, that she were, O, that she were
-An open et caetera, thou a poperin pear!
-Romeo, good night: I'll to my truckle-bed;
-This field-bed is too cold for me to sleep:
-Come, shall we go?
-
-BENVOLIO:
-Go, then; for 'tis in vain
-To seek him here that means not to be found.
-
-ROMEO:
-He jests at scars that never felt a wound.
-But, soft! what light through yonder window breaks?
-It is the east, and Juliet is the sun.
-Arise, fair sun, and kill the envious moon,
-Who is already sick and pale with grief,
-That thou her maid art far more fair than she:
-Be not her maid, since she is envious;
-Her vestal livery is but sick and green
-And none but fools do wear it; cast it off.
-It is my lady, O, it is my love!
-O, that she knew she were!
-She speaks yet she says nothing: what of that?
-Her eye discourses; I will answer it.
-I am too bold, 'tis not to me she speaks:
-Two of the fairest stars in all the heaven,
-Having some business, do entreat her eyes
-To twinkle in their spheres till they return.
-What if her eyes were there, they in her head?
-The brightness of her cheek would shame those stars,
-As daylight doth a lamp; her eyes in heaven
-Would through the airy region stream so bright
-That birds would sing and think it were not night.
-See, how she leans her cheek upon her hand!
-O, that I were a glove upon that hand,
-That I might touch that cheek!
-
-JULIET:
-Ay me!
-
-ROMEO:
-She speaks:
-O, speak again, bright angel! for thou art
-As glorious to this night, being o'er my head
-As is a winged messenger of heaven
-Unto the white-upturned wondering eyes
-Of mortals that fall back to gaze on him
-When he bestrides the lazy-pacing clouds
-And sails upon the bosom of the air.
-
-JULIET:
-O Romeo, Romeo! wherefore art thou Romeo?
-Deny thy father and refuse thy name;
-Or, if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love,
-And I'll no longer be a Capulet.
-
-JULIET:
-'Tis but thy name that is my enemy;
-Thou art thyself, though not a Montague.
-What's Montague? it is nor hand, nor foot,
-Nor arm, nor face, nor any other part
-Belonging to a man. O, be some other name!
-What's in a name? that which we call a rose
-By any other name would smell as sweet;
-So Romeo would, were he not Romeo call'd,
-Retain that dear perfection which he owes
-Without that title. Romeo, doff thy name,
-And for that name which is no part of thee
-Take all myself.
-
-ROMEO:
-I take thee at thy word:
-Call me but love, and I'll be new baptized;
-Henceforth I never will be Romeo.
-
-JULIET:
-What man art thou that thus bescreen'd in night
-So stumblest on my counsel?
-
-ROMEO:
-By a name
-I know not how to tell thee who I am:
-My name, dear saint, is hateful to myself,
-Because it is an enemy to thee;
-Had I it written, I would tear the word.
-
-JULIET:
-My ears have not yet drunk a hundred words
-Of that tongue's utterance, yet I know the sound:
-Art thou not Romeo and a Montague?
-
-ROMEO:
-Neither, fair saint, if either thee dislike.
-
-JULIET:
-How camest thou hither, tell me, and wherefore?
-The orchard walls are high and hard to climb,
-And the place death, considering who thou art,
-If any of my kinsmen find thee here.
-
-ROMEO:
-With love's light wings did I o'er-perch these walls;
-For stony limits cannot hold love out,
-And what love can do that dares love attempt;
-Therefore thy kinsmen are no let to me.
-
-JULIET:
-If they do see thee, they will murder thee.
-
-ROMEO:
-Alack, there lies more peril in thine eye
-Than twenty of their swords: look thou but sweet,
-And I am proof against their enmity.
-
-JULIET:
-I would not for the world they saw thee here.
-
-ROMEO:
-I have night's cloak to hide me from their sight;
-And but thou love me, let them find me here:
-My life were better ended by their hate,
-Than death prorogued, wanting of thy love.
-
-JULIET:
-By whose direction found'st thou out this place?
-
-ROMEO:
-By love, who first did prompt me to inquire;
-He lent me counsel and I lent him eyes.
-I am no pilot; yet, wert thou as far
-As that vast shore wash'd with the farthest sea,
-I would adventure for such merchandise.
-
-JULIET:
-Thou know'st the mask of night is on my face,
-Else would a maiden blush bepaint my cheek
-For that which thou hast heard me speak to-night
-Fain would I dwell on form, fain, fain deny
-What I have spoke: but farewell compliment!
-Dost thou love me? I know thou wilt say 'Ay,'
-And I will take thy word: yet if thou swear'st,
-Thou mayst prove false; at lovers' perjuries
-Then say, Jove laughs. O gentle Romeo,
-If thou dost love, pronounce it faithfully:
-Or if thou think'st I am too quickly won,
-I'll frown and be perverse an say thee nay,
-So thou wilt woo; but else, not for the world.
-In truth, fair Montague, I am too fond,
-And therefore thou mayst think my 'havior light:
-But trust me, gentleman, I'll prove more true
-Than those that have more cunning to be strange.
-I should have been more strange, I must confess,
-But that thou overheard'st, ere I was ware,
-My true love's passion: therefore pardon me,
-And not impute this yielding to light love,
-Which the dark night hath so discovered.
-
-ROMEO:
-Lady, by yonder blessed moon I swear
-That tips with silver all these fruit-tree tops--
-
-JULIET:
-O, swear not by the moon, the inconstant moon,
-That monthly changes in her circled orb,
-Lest that thy love prove likewise variable.
-
-ROMEO:
-What shall I swear by?
-
-JULIET:
-Do not swear at all;
-Or, if thou wilt, swear by thy gracious self,
-Which is the god of my idolatry,
-And I'll believe thee.
-
-ROMEO:
-If my heart's dear love--
-
-JULIET:
-Well, do not swear: although I joy in thee,
-I have no joy of this contract to-night:
-It is too rash, too unadvised, too sudden;
-Too like the lightning, which doth cease to be
-Ere one can say 'It lightens.' Sweet, good night!
-This bud of love, by summer's ripening breath,
-May prove a beauteous flower when next we meet.
-Good night, good night! as sweet repose and rest
-Come to thy heart as that within my breast!
-
-ROMEO:
-O, wilt thou leave me so unsatisfied?
-
-JULIET:
-What satisfaction canst thou have to-night?
-
-ROMEO:
-The exchange of thy love's faithful vow for mine.
-
-JULIET:
-I gave thee mine before thou didst request it:
-And yet I would it were to give again.
-
-ROMEO:
-Wouldst thou withdraw it? for what purpose, love?
-
-JULIET:
-But to be frank, and give it thee again.
-And yet I wish but for the thing I have:
-My bounty is as boundless as the sea,
-My love as deep; the more I give to thee,
-The more I have, for both are infinite.
-I hear some noise within; dear love, adieu!
-Anon, good nurse! Sweet Montague, be true.
-Stay but a little, I will come again.
-
-ROMEO:
-O blessed, blessed night! I am afeard.
-Being in night, all this is but a dream,
-Too flattering-sweet to be substantial.
-
-JULIET:
-Three words, dear Romeo, and good night indeed.
-If that thy bent of love be honourable,
-Thy purpose marriage, send me word to-morrow,
-By one that I'll procure to come to thee,
-Where and what time thou wilt perform the rite;
-And all my fortunes at thy foot I'll lay
-And follow thee my lord throughout the world.
-
-JULIET:
-I come, anon.--But if thou mean'st not well,
-I do beseech thee--
-
-JULIET:
-By and by, I come:--
-To cease thy suit, and leave me to my grief:
-To-morrow will I send.
-
-ROMEO:
-So thrive my soul--
-
-JULIET:
-A thousand times good night!
-
-ROMEO:
-A thousand times the worse, to want thy light.
-Love goes toward love, as schoolboys from
-their books,
-But love from love, toward school with heavy looks.
-
-JULIET:
-Hist! Romeo, hist! O, for a falconer's voice,
-To lure this tassel-gentle back again!
-Bondage is hoarse, and may not speak aloud;
-Else would I tear the cave where Echo lies,
-And make her airy tongue more hoarse than mine,
-With repetition of my Romeo's name.
-
-ROMEO:
-It is my soul that calls upon my name:
-How silver-sweet sound lovers' tongues by night,
-Like softest music to attending ears!
-
-JULIET:
-Romeo!
-
-ROMEO:
-My dear?
-
-JULIET:
-At what o'clock to-morrow
-Shall I send to thee?
-
-ROMEO:
-At the hour of nine.
-
-JULIET:
-I will not fail: 'tis twenty years till then.
-I have forgot why I did call thee back.
-
-ROMEO:
-Let me stand here till thou remember it.
-
-JULIET:
-I shall forget, to have thee still stand there,
-Remembering how I love thy company.
-
-ROMEO:
-And I'll still stay, to have thee still forget,
-Forgetting any other home but this.
-
-JULIET:
-'Tis almost morning; I would have thee gone:
-And yet no further than a wanton's bird;
-Who lets it hop a little from her hand,
-Like a poor prisoner in his twisted gyves,
-And with a silk thread plucks it back again,
-So loving-jealous of his liberty.
-
-ROMEO:
-I would I were thy bird.
-
-JULIET:
-Sweet, so would I:
-Yet I should kill thee with much cherishing.
-Good night, good night! parting is such
-sweet sorrow,
-That I shall say good night till it be morrow.
-
-ROMEO:
-Sleep dwell upon thine eyes, peace in thy breast!
-Would I were sleep and peace, so sweet to rest!
-Hence will I to my ghostly father's cell,
-His help to crave, and my dear hap to tell.
-
-FRIAR LAURENCE:
-The grey-eyed morn smiles on the frowning night,
-Chequering the eastern clouds with streaks of light,
-And flecked darkness like a drunkard reels
-From forth day's path and Titan's fiery wheels:
-Now, ere the sun advance his burning eye,
-The day to cheer and night's dank dew to dry,
-I must up-fill this osier cage of ours
-With baleful weeds and precious-juiced flowers.
-The earth that's nature's mother is her tomb;
-What is her burying grave that is her womb,
-And from her womb children of divers kind
-We sucking on her natural bosom find,
-Many for many virtues excellent,
-None but for some and yet all different.
-O, mickle is the powerful grace that lies
-In herbs, plants, stones, and their true qualities:
-For nought so vile that on the earth doth live
-But to the earth some special good doth give,
-Nor aught so good but strain'd from that fair use
-Revolts from true birth, stumbling on abuse:
-Virtue itself turns vice, being misapplied;
-And vice sometimes by action dignified.
-Within the infant rind of this small flower
-Poison hath residence and medicine power:
-For this, being smelt, with that part cheers each part;
-Being tasted, slays all senses with the heart.
-Two such opposed kings encamp them still
-In man as well as herbs, grace and rude will;
-And where the worser is predominant,
-Full soon the canker death eats up that plant.
-
-ROMEO:
-Good morrow, father.
-
-FRIAR LAURENCE:
-Benedicite!
-What early tongue so sweet saluteth me?
-Young son, it argues a distemper'd head
-So soon to bid good morrow to thy bed:
-Care keeps his watch in every old man's eye,
-And where care lodges, sleep will never lie;
-But where unbruised youth with unstuff'd brain
-Doth couch his limbs, there golden sleep doth reign:
-Therefore thy earliness doth me assure
-Thou art up-roused by some distemperature;
-Or if not so, then here I hit it right,
-Our Romeo hath not been in bed to-night.
-
-ROMEO:
-That last is true; the sweeter rest was mine.
-
-FRIAR LAURENCE:
-God pardon sin! wast thou with Rosaline?
-
-ROMEO:
-With Rosaline, my ghostly father? no;
-I have forgot that name, and that name's woe.
-
-FRIAR LAURENCE:
-That's my good son: but where hast thou been, then?
-
-ROMEO:
-I'll tell thee, ere thou ask it me again.
-I have been feasting with mine enemy,
-Where on a sudden one hath wounded me,
-That's by me wounded: both our remedies
-Within thy help and holy physic lies:
-I bear no hatred, blessed man, for, lo,
-My intercession likewise steads my foe.
-
-FRIAR LAURENCE:
-Be plain, good son, and homely in thy drift;
-Riddling confession finds but riddling shrift.
-
-ROMEO:
-Then plainly know my heart's dear love is set
-On the fair daughter of rich Capulet:
-As mine on hers, so hers is set on mine;
-And all combined, save what thou must combine
-By holy marriage: when and where and how
-We met, we woo'd and made exchange of vow,
-I'll tell thee as we pass; but this I pray,
-That thou consent to marry us to-day.
-
-FRIAR LAURENCE:
-Holy Saint Francis, what a change is here!
-Is Rosaline, whom thou didst love so dear,
-So soon forsaken? young men's love then lies
-Not truly in their hearts, but in their eyes.
-Jesu Maria, what a deal of brine
-Hath wash'd thy sallow cheeks for Rosaline!
-How much salt water thrown away in waste,
-To season love, that of it doth not taste!
-The sun not yet thy sighs from heaven clears,
-Thy old groans ring yet in my ancient ears;
-Lo, here upon thy cheek the stain doth sit
-Of an old tear that is not wash'd off yet:
-If e'er thou wast thyself and these woes thine,
-Thou and these woes were all for Rosaline:
-And art thou changed? pronounce this sentence then,
-Women may fall, when there's no strength in men.
-
-ROMEO:
-Thou chid'st me oft for loving Rosaline.
-
-FRIAR LAURENCE:
-For doting, not for loving, pupil mine.
-
-ROMEO:
-And bad'st me bury love.
-
-FRIAR LAURENCE:
-Not in a grave,
-To lay one in, another out to have.
-
-ROMEO:
-I pray thee, chide not; she whom I love now
-Doth grace for grace and love for love allow;
-The other did not so.
-
-FRIAR LAURENCE:
-O, she knew well
-Thy love did read by rote and could not spell.
-But come, young waverer, come, go with me,
-In one respect I'll thy assistant be;
-For this alliance may so happy prove,
-To turn your households' rancour to pure love.
-
-ROMEO:
-O, let us hence; I stand on sudden haste.
-
-FRIAR LAURENCE:
-Wisely and slow; they stumble that run fast.
-
-MERCUTIO:
-Where the devil should this Romeo be?
-Came he not home to-night?
-
-BENVOLIO:
-Not to his father's; I spoke with his man.
-
-MERCUTIO:
-Ah, that same pale hard-hearted wench, that Rosaline.
-Torments him so, that he will sure run mad.
-
-BENVOLIO:
-Tybalt, the kinsman of old Capulet,
-Hath sent a letter to his father's house.
-
-MERCUTIO:
-A challenge, on my life.
-
-BENVOLIO:
-Romeo will answer it.
-
-MERCUTIO:
-Any man that can write may answer a letter.
-
-BENVOLIO:
-Nay, he will answer the letter's master, how he
-dares, being dared.
-
-MERCUTIO:
-Alas poor Romeo! he is already dead; stabbed with a
-white wench's black eye; shot through the ear with a
-love-song; the very pin of his heart cleft with the
-blind bow-boy's butt-shaft: and is he a man to
-encounter Tybalt?
-
-BENVOLIO:
-Why, what is Tybalt?
-
-MERCUTIO:
-More than prince of cats, I can tell you. O, he is
-the courageous captain of compliments. He fights as
-you sing prick-song, keeps time, distance, and
-proportion; rests me his minim rest, one, two, and
-the third in your bosom: the very butcher of a silk
-button, a duellist, a duellist; a gentleman of the
-very first house, of the first and second cause:
-ah, the immortal passado! the punto reverso! the
-hai!
-
-BENVOLIO:
-The what?
-
-MERCUTIO:
-The pox of such antic, lisping, affecting
-fantasticoes; these new tuners of accents! 'By Jesu,
-a very good blade! a very tall man! a very good
-whore!' Why, is not this a lamentable thing,
-grandsire, that we should be thus afflicted with
-these strange flies, these fashion-mongers, these
-perdona-mi's, who stand so much on the new form,
-that they cannot at ease on the old bench? O, their
-bones, their bones!
-
-BENVOLIO:
-Here comes Romeo, here comes Romeo.
-
-MERCUTIO:
-Without his roe, like a dried herring: flesh, flesh,
-how art thou fishified! Now is he for the numbers
-that Petrarch flowed in: Laura to his lady was but a
-kitchen-wench; marry, she had a better love to
-be-rhyme her; Dido a dowdy; Cleopatra a gipsy;
-Helen and Hero hildings and harlots; Thisbe a grey
-eye or so, but not to the purpose. Signior
-Romeo, bon jour! there's a French salutation
-to your French slop. You gave us the counterfeit
-fairly last night.
-
-ROMEO:
-Good morrow to you both. What counterfeit did I give you?
-
-MERCUTIO:
-The ship, sir, the slip; can you not conceive?
-
-ROMEO:
-Pardon, good Mercutio, my business was great; and in
-such a case as mine a man may strain courtesy.
-
-MERCUTIO:
-That's as much as to say, such a case as yours
-constrains a man to bow in the hams.
-
-ROMEO:
-Meaning, to court'sy.
-
-MERCUTIO:
-Thou hast most kindly hit it.
-
-ROMEO:
-A most courteous exposition.
-
-MERCUTIO:
-Nay, I am the very pink of courtesy.
-
-ROMEO:
-Pink for flower.
-
-MERCUTIO:
-Right.
-
-ROMEO:
-Why, then is my pump well flowered.
-
-MERCUTIO:
-Well said: follow me this jest now till thou hast
-worn out thy pump, that when the single sole of it
-is worn, the jest may remain after the wearing sole singular.
-
-ROMEO:
-O single-soled jest, solely singular for the
-singleness.
-
-MERCUTIO:
-Come between us, good Benvolio; my wits faint.
-
-ROMEO:
-Switch and spurs, switch and spurs; or I'll cry a match.
-
-MERCUTIO:
-Nay, if thy wits run the wild-goose chase, I have
-done, for thou hast more of the wild-goose in one of
-thy wits than, I am sure, I have in my whole five:
-was I with you there for the goose?
-
-ROMEO:
-Thou wast never with me for any thing when thou wast
-not there for the goose.
-
-MERCUTIO:
-I will bite thee by the ear for that jest.
-
-ROMEO:
-Nay, good goose, bite not.
-
-MERCUTIO:
-Thy wit is a very bitter sweeting; it is a most
-sharp sauce.
-
-ROMEO:
-And is it not well served in to a sweet goose?
-
-MERCUTIO:
-O here's a wit of cheveril, that stretches from an
-inch narrow to an ell broad!
-
-ROMEO:
-I stretch it out for that word 'broad;' which added
-to the goose, proves thee far and wide a broad goose.
-
-MERCUTIO:
-Why, is not this better now than groaning for love?
-now art thou sociable, now art thou Romeo; now art
-thou what thou art, by art as well as by nature:
-for this drivelling love is like a great natural,
-that runs lolling up and down to hide his bauble in a hole.
-
-BENVOLIO:
-Stop there, stop there.
-
-MERCUTIO:
-Thou desirest me to stop in my tale against the hair.
-
-BENVOLIO:
-Thou wouldst else have made thy tale large.
-
-MERCUTIO:
-O, thou art deceived; I would have made it short:
-for I was come to the whole depth of my tale; and
-meant, indeed, to occupy the argument no longer.
-
-ROMEO:
-Here's goodly gear!
-
-MERCUTIO:
-A sail, a sail!
-
-BENVOLIO:
-Two, two; a shirt and a smock.
-
-Nurse:
-Peter!
-
-PETER:
-Anon!
-
-Nurse:
-My fan, Peter.
-
-MERCUTIO:
-Good Peter, to hide her face; for her fan's the
-fairer face.
-
-Nurse:
-God ye good morrow, gentlemen.
-
-MERCUTIO:
-God ye good den, fair gentlewoman.
-
-Nurse:
-Is it good den?
-
-MERCUTIO:
-'Tis no less, I tell you, for the bawdy hand of the
-dial is now upon the prick of noon.
-
-Nurse:
-Out upon you! what a man are you!
-
-ROMEO:
-One, gentlewoman, that God hath made for himself to
-mar.
-
-Nurse:
-By my troth, it is well said; 'for himself to mar,'
-quoth a'? Gentlemen, can any of you tell me where I
-may find the young Romeo?
-
-ROMEO:
-I can tell you; but young Romeo will be older when
-you have found him than he was when you sought him:
-I am the youngest of that name, for fault of a worse.
-
-Nurse:
-You say well.
-
-MERCUTIO:
-Yea, is the worst well? very well took, i' faith;
-wisely, wisely.
-
-Nurse:
-if you be he, sir, I desire some confidence with
-you.
-
-BENVOLIO:
-She will indite him to some supper.
-
-MERCUTIO:
-A bawd, a bawd, a bawd! so ho!
-
-ROMEO:
-What hast thou found?
-
-MERCUTIO:
-No hare, sir; unless a hare, sir, in a lenten pie,
-that is something stale and hoar ere it be spent.
-An old hare hoar,
-And an old hare hoar,
-Is very good meat in lent
-But a hare that is hoar
-Is too much for a score,
-When it hoars ere it be spent.
-Romeo, will you come to your father's? we'll
-to dinner, thither.
-
-ROMEO:
-I will follow you.
-
-MERCUTIO:
-Farewell, ancient lady; farewell,
-'lady, lady, lady.'
-
-Nurse:
-Marry, farewell! I pray you, sir, what saucy
-merchant was this, that was so full of his ropery?
-
-ROMEO:
-A gentleman, nurse, that loves to hear himself talk,
-and will speak more in a minute than he will stand
-to in a month.
-
-Nurse:
-An a' speak any thing against me, I'll take him
-down, an a' were lustier than he is, and twenty such
-Jacks; and if I cannot, I'll find those that shall.
-Scurvy knave! I am none of his flirt-gills; I am
-none of his skains-mates. And thou must stand by
-too, and suffer every knave to use me at his pleasure?
-
-PETER:
-I saw no man use you a pleasure; if I had, my weapon
-should quickly have been out, I warrant you: I dare
-draw as soon as another man, if I see occasion in a
-good quarrel, and the law on my side.
-
-Nurse:
-Now, afore God, I am so vexed, that every part about
-me quivers. Scurvy knave! Pray you, sir, a word:
-and as I told you, my young lady bade me inquire you
-out; what she bade me say, I will keep to myself:
-but first let me tell ye, if ye should lead her into
-a fool's paradise, as they say, it were a very gross
-kind of behavior, as they say: for the gentlewoman
-is young; and, therefore, if you should deal double
-with her, truly it were an ill thing to be offered
-to any gentlewoman, and very weak dealing.
-
-ROMEO:
-Nurse, commend me to thy lady and mistress. I
-protest unto thee--
-
-Nurse:
-Good heart, and, i' faith, I will tell her as much:
-Lord, Lord, she will be a joyful woman.
-
-ROMEO:
-What wilt thou tell her, nurse? thou dost not mark me.
-
-Nurse:
-I will tell her, sir, that you do protest; which, as
-I take it, is a gentlemanlike offer.
-
-ROMEO:
-Bid her devise
-Some means to come to shrift this afternoon;
-And there she shall at Friar Laurence' cell
-Be shrived and married. Here is for thy pains.
-
-Nurse:
-No truly sir; not a penny.
-
-ROMEO:
-Go to; I say you shall.
-
-Nurse:
-This afternoon, sir? well, she shall be there.
-
-ROMEO:
-And stay, good nurse, behind the abbey wall:
-Within this hour my man shall be with thee
-And bring thee cords made like a tackled stair;
-Which to the high top-gallant of my joy
-Must be my convoy in the secret night.
-Farewell; be trusty, and I'll quit thy pains:
-Farewell; commend me to thy mistress.
-
-Nurse:
-Now God in heaven bless thee! Hark you, sir.
-
-ROMEO:
-What say'st thou, my dear nurse?
-
-Nurse:
-Is your man secret? Did you ne'er hear say,
-Two may keep counsel, putting one away?
-
-ROMEO:
-I warrant thee, my man's as true as steel.
-
-NURSE:
-Well, sir; my mistress is the sweetest lady--Lord,
-Lord! when 'twas a little prating thing:--O, there
-is a nobleman in town, one Paris, that would fain
-lay knife aboard; but she, good soul, had as lief
-see a toad, a very toad, as see him. I anger her
-sometimes and tell her that Paris is the properer
-man; but, I'll warrant you, when I say so, she looks
-as pale as any clout in the versal world. Doth not
-rosemary and Romeo begin both with a letter?
-
-ROMEO:
-Ay, nurse; what of that? both with an R.
-
-Nurse:
-Ah. mocker! that's the dog's name; R is for
-the--No; I know it begins with some other
-letter:--and she hath the prettiest sententious of
-it, of you and rosemary, that it would do you good
-to hear it.
-
-ROMEO:
-Commend me to thy lady.
-
-Nurse:
-Ay, a thousand times.
-Peter!
-
-PETER:
-Anon!
-
-Nurse:
-Peter, take my fan, and go before and apace.
-
-JULIET:
-The clock struck nine when I did send the nurse;
-In half an hour she promised to return.
-Perchance she cannot meet him: that's not so.
-O, she is lame! love's heralds should be thoughts,
-Which ten times faster glide than the sun's beams,
-Driving back shadows over louring hills:
-Therefore do nimble-pinion'd doves draw love,
-And therefore hath the wind-swift Cupid wings.
-Now is the sun upon the highmost hill
-Of this day's journey, and from nine till twelve
-Is three long hours, yet she is not come.
-Had she affections and warm youthful blood,
-She would be as swift in motion as a ball;
-My words would bandy her to my sweet love,
-And his to me:
-But old folks, many feign as they were dead;
-Unwieldy, slow, heavy and pale as lead.
-O God, she comes!
-O honey nurse, what news?
-Hast thou met with him? Send thy man away.
-
-Nurse:
-Peter, stay at the gate.
-
-JULIET:
-Now, good sweet nurse,--O Lord, why look'st thou sad?
-Though news be sad, yet tell them merrily;
-If good, thou shamest the music of sweet news
-By playing it to me with so sour a face.
-
-Nurse:
-I am a-weary, give me leave awhile:
-Fie, how my bones ache! what a jaunt have I had!
-
-JULIET:
-I would thou hadst my bones, and I thy news:
-Nay, come, I pray thee, speak; good, good nurse, speak.
-
-Nurse:
-Jesu, what haste? can you not stay awhile?
-Do you not see that I am out of breath?
-
-JULIET:
-How art thou out of breath, when thou hast breath
-To say to me that thou art out of breath?
-The excuse that thou dost make in this delay
-Is longer than the tale thou dost excuse.
-Is thy news good, or bad? answer to that;
-Say either, and I'll stay the circumstance:
-Let me be satisfied, is't good or bad?
-
-Nurse:
-Well, you have made a simple choice; you know not
-how to choose a man: Romeo! no, not he; though his
-face be better than any man's, yet his leg excels
-all men's; and for a hand, and a foot, and a body,
-though they be not to be talked on, yet they are
-past compare: he is not the flower of courtesy,
-but, I'll warrant him, as gentle as a lamb. Go thy
-ways, wench; serve God. What, have you dined at home?
-
-JULIET:
-No, no: but all this did I know before.
-What says he of our marriage? what of that?
-
-Nurse:
-Lord, how my head aches! what a head have I!
-It beats as it would fall in twenty pieces.
-My back o' t' other side,--O, my back, my back!
-Beshrew your heart for sending me about,
-To catch my death with jaunting up and down!
-
-JULIET:
-I' faith, I am sorry that thou art not well.
-Sweet, sweet, sweet nurse, tell me, what says my love?
-
-Nurse:
-Your love says, like an honest gentleman, and a
-courteous, and a kind, and a handsome, and, I
-warrant, a virtuous,--Where is your mother?
-
-JULIET:
-Where is my mother! why, she is within;
-Where should she be? How oddly thou repliest!
-'Your love says, like an honest gentleman,
-Where is your mother?'
-
-Nurse:
-O God's lady dear!
-Are you so hot? marry, come up, I trow;
-Is this the poultice for my aching bones?
-Henceforward do your messages yourself.
-
-JULIET:
-Here's such a coil! come, what says Romeo?
-
-Nurse:
-Have you got leave to go to shrift to-day?
-
-JULIET:
-I have.
-
-Nurse:
-Then hie you hence to Friar Laurence' cell;
-There stays a husband to make you a wife:
-Now comes the wanton blood up in your cheeks,
-They'll be in scarlet straight at any news.
-Hie you to church; I must another way,
-To fetch a ladder, by the which your love
-Must climb a bird's nest soon when it is dark:
-I am the drudge and toil in your delight,
-But you shall bear the burden soon at night.
-Go; I'll to dinner: hie you to the cell.
-
-JULIET:
-Hie to high fortune! Honest nurse, farewell.
-
-FRIAR LAURENCE:
-So smile the heavens upon this holy act,
-That after hours with sorrow chide us not!
-
-ROMEO:
-Amen, amen! but come what sorrow can,
-It cannot countervail the exchange of joy
-That one short minute gives me in her sight:
-Do thou but close our hands with holy words,
-Then love-devouring death do what he dare;
-It is enough I may but call her mine.
-
-FRIAR LAURENCE:
-These violent delights have violent ends
-And in their triumph die, like fire and powder,
-Which as they kiss consume: the sweetest honey
-Is loathsome in his own deliciousness
-And in the taste confounds the appetite:
-Therefore love moderately; long love doth so;
-Too swift arrives as tardy as too slow.
-Here comes the lady: O, so light a foot
-Will ne'er wear out the everlasting flint:
-A lover may bestride the gossamer
-That idles in the wanton summer air,
-And yet not fall; so light is vanity.
-
-JULIET:
-Good even to my ghostly confessor.
-
-FRIAR LAURENCE:
-Romeo shall thank thee, daughter, for us both.
-
-JULIET:
-As much to him, else is his thanks too much.
-
-ROMEO:
-Ah, Juliet, if the measure of thy joy
-Be heap'd like mine and that thy skill be more
-To blazon it, then sweeten with thy breath
-This neighbour air, and let rich music's tongue
-Unfold the imagined happiness that both
-Receive in either by this dear encounter.
-
-JULIET:
-Conceit, more rich in matter than in words,
-Brags of his substance, not of ornament:
-They are but beggars that can count their worth;
-But my true love is grown to such excess
-I cannot sum up sum of half my wealth.
-
-FRIAR LAURENCE:
-Come, come with me, and we will make short work;
-For, by your leaves, you shall not stay alone
-Till holy church incorporate two in one.
-
-BENVOLIO:
-I pray thee, good Mercutio, let's retire:
-The day is hot, the Capulets abroad,
-And, if we meet, we shall not scape a brawl;
-For now, these hot days, is the mad blood stirring.
-
-MERCUTIO:
-Thou art like one of those fellows that when he
-enters the confines of a tavern claps me his sword
-upon the table and says 'God send me no need of
-thee!' and by the operation of the second cup draws
-it on the drawer, when indeed there is no need.
-
-BENVOLIO:
-Am I like such a fellow?
-
-MERCUTIO:
-Come, come, thou art as hot a Jack in thy mood as
-any in Italy, and as soon moved to be moody, and as
-soon moody to be moved.
-
-BENVOLIO:
-And what to?
-
-MERCUTIO:
-Nay, an there were two such, we should have none
-shortly, for one would kill the other. Thou! why,
-thou wilt quarrel with a man that hath a hair more,
-or a hair less, in his beard, than thou hast: thou
-wilt quarrel with a man for cracking nuts, having no
-other reason but because thou hast hazel eyes: what
-eye but such an eye would spy out such a quarrel?
-Thy head is as fun of quarrels as an egg is full of
-meat, and yet thy head hath been beaten as addle as
-an egg for quarrelling: thou hast quarrelled with a
-man for coughing in the street, because he hath
-wakened thy dog that hath lain asleep in the sun:
-didst thou not fall out with a tailor for wearing
-his new doublet before Easter? with another, for
-tying his new shoes with old riband? and yet thou
-wilt tutor me from quarrelling!
-
-BENVOLIO:
-An I were so apt to quarrel as thou art, any man
-should buy the fee-simple of my life for an hour and a quarter.
-
-MERCUTIO:
-The fee-simple! O simple!
-
-BENVOLIO:
-By my head, here come the Capulets.
-
-MERCUTIO:
-By my heel, I care not.
-
-TYBALT:
-Follow me close, for I will speak to them.
-Gentlemen, good den: a word with one of you.
-
-MERCUTIO:
-And but one word with one of us? couple it with
-something; make it a word and a blow.
-
-TYBALT:
-You shall find me apt enough to that, sir, an you
-will give me occasion.
-
-MERCUTIO:
-Could you not take some occasion without giving?
-
-TYBALT:
-Mercutio, thou consort'st with Romeo,--
-
-MERCUTIO:
-Consort! what, dost thou make us minstrels? an
-thou make minstrels of us, look to hear nothing but
-discords: here's my fiddlestick; here's that shall
-make you dance. 'Zounds, consort!
-
-BENVOLIO:
-We talk here in the public haunt of men:
-Either withdraw unto some private place,
-And reason coldly of your grievances,
-Or else depart; here all eyes gaze on us.
-
-MERCUTIO:
-Men's eyes were made to look, and let them gaze;
-I will not budge for no man's pleasure, I.
-
-TYBALT:
-Well, peace be with you, sir: here comes my man.
-
-MERCUTIO:
-But I'll be hanged, sir, if he wear your livery:
-Marry, go before to field, he'll be your follower;
-Your worship in that sense may call him 'man.'
-
-TYBALT:
-Romeo, the hate I bear thee can afford
-No better term than this,--thou art a villain.
-
-ROMEO:
-Tybalt, the reason that I have to love thee
-Doth much excuse the appertaining rage
-To such a greeting: villain am I none;
-Therefore farewell; I see thou know'st me not.
-
-TYBALT:
-Boy, this shall not excuse the injuries
-That thou hast done me; therefore turn and draw.
-
-ROMEO:
-I do protest, I never injured thee,
-But love thee better than thou canst devise,
-Till thou shalt know the reason of my love:
-And so, good Capulet,--which name I tender
-As dearly as my own,--be satisfied.
-
-MERCUTIO:
-O calm, dishonourable, vile submission!
-Alla stoccata carries it away.
-Tybalt, you rat-catcher, will you walk?
-
-TYBALT:
-What wouldst thou have with me?
-
-MERCUTIO:
-Good king of cats, nothing but one of your nine
-lives; that I mean to make bold withal, and as you
-shall use me hereafter, drybeat the rest of the
-eight. Will you pluck your sword out of his pitcher
-by the ears? make haste, lest mine be about your
-ears ere it be out.
-
-TYBALT:
-I am for you.
-
-ROMEO:
-Gentle Mercutio, put thy rapier up.
-
-MERCUTIO:
-Come, sir, your passado.
-
-ROMEO:
-Draw, Benvolio; beat down their weapons.
-Gentlemen, for shame, forbear this outrage!
-Tybalt, Mercutio, the prince expressly hath
-Forbidden bandying in Verona streets:
-Hold, Tybalt! good Mercutio!
-
-MERCUTIO:
-I am hurt.
-A plague o' both your houses! I am sped.
-Is he gone, and hath nothing?
-
-BENVOLIO:
-What, art thou hurt?
-
-MERCUTIO:
-Ay, ay, a scratch, a scratch; marry, 'tis enough.
-Where is my page? Go, villain, fetch a surgeon.
-
-ROMEO:
-Courage, man; the hurt cannot be much.
-
-MERCUTIO:
-No, 'tis not so deep as a well, nor so wide as a
-church-door; but 'tis enough,'twill serve: ask for
-me to-morrow, and you shall find me a grave man. I
-am peppered, I warrant, for this world. A plague o'
-both your houses! 'Zounds, a dog, a rat, a mouse, a
-cat, to scratch a man to death! a braggart, a
-rogue, a villain, that fights by the book of
-arithmetic! Why the devil came you between us? I
-was hurt under your arm.
-
-ROMEO:
-I thought all for the best.
-
-MERCUTIO:
-Help me into some house, Benvolio,
-Or I shall faint. A plague o' both your houses!
-They have made worms' meat of me: I have it,
-And soundly too: your houses!
-
-ROMEO:
-This gentleman, the prince's near ally,
-My very friend, hath got his mortal hurt
-In my behalf; my reputation stain'd
-With Tybalt's slander,--Tybalt, that an hour
-Hath been my kinsman! O sweet Juliet,
-Thy beauty hath made me effeminate
-And in my temper soften'd valour's steel!
-
-BENVOLIO:
-O Romeo, Romeo, brave Mercutio's dead!
-That gallant spirit hath aspired the clouds,
-Which too untimely here did scorn the earth.
-
-ROMEO:
-This day's black fate on more days doth depend;
-This but begins the woe, others must end.
-
-BENVOLIO:
-Here comes the furious Tybalt back again.
-
-ROMEO:
-Alive, in triumph! and Mercutio slain!
-Away to heaven, respective lenity,
-And fire-eyed fury be my conduct now!
-Now, Tybalt, take the villain back again,
-That late thou gavest me; for Mercutio's soul
-Is but a little way above our heads,
-Staying for thine to keep him company:
-Either thou, or I, or both, must go with him.
-
-TYBALT:
-Thou, wretched boy, that didst consort him here,
-Shalt with him hence.
-
-ROMEO:
-This shall determine that.
-
-BENVOLIO:
-Romeo, away, be gone!
-The citizens are up, and Tybalt slain.
-Stand not amazed: the prince will doom thee death,
-If thou art taken: hence, be gone, away!
-
-ROMEO:
-O, I am fortune's fool!
-
-BENVOLIO:
-Why dost thou stay?
-
-First Citizen:
-Which way ran he that kill'd Mercutio?
-Tybalt, that murderer, which way ran he?
-
-BENVOLIO:
-There lies that Tybalt.
-
-First Citizen:
-Up, sir, go with me;
-I charge thee in the princes name, obey.
-
-PRINCE:
-Where are the vile beginners of this fray?
-
-BENVOLIO:
-O noble prince, I can discover all
-The unlucky manage of this fatal brawl:
-There lies the man, slain by young Romeo,
-That slew thy kinsman, brave Mercutio.
-
-LADY CAPULET:
-Tybalt, my cousin! O my brother's child!
-O prince! O cousin! husband! O, the blood is spilt
-O my dear kinsman! Prince, as thou art true,
-For blood of ours, shed blood of Montague.
-O cousin, cousin!
-
-PRINCE:
-Benvolio, who began this bloody fray?
-
-BENVOLIO:
-Tybalt, here slain, whom Romeo's hand did slay;
-Romeo that spoke him fair, bade him bethink
-How nice the quarrel was, and urged withal
-Your high displeasure: all this uttered
-With gentle breath, calm look, knees humbly bow'd,
-Could not take truce with the unruly spleen
-Of Tybalt deaf to peace, but that he tilts
-With piercing steel at bold Mercutio's breast,
-Who all as hot, turns deadly point to point,
-And, with a martial scorn, with one hand beats
-Cold death aside, and with the other sends
-It back to Tybalt, whose dexterity,
-Retorts it: Romeo he cries aloud,
-'Hold, friends! friends, part!' and, swifter than
-his tongue,
-His agile arm beats down their fatal points,
-And 'twixt them rushes; underneath whose arm
-An envious thrust from Tybalt hit the life
-Of stout Mercutio, and then Tybalt fled;
-But by and by comes back to Romeo,
-Who had but newly entertain'd revenge,
-And to 't they go like lightning, for, ere I
-Could draw to part them, was stout Tybalt slain.
-And, as he fell, did Romeo turn and fly.
-This is the truth, or let Benvolio die.
-
-LADY CAPULET:
-He is a kinsman to the Montague;
-Affection makes him false; he speaks not true:
-Some twenty of them fought in this black strife,
-And all those twenty could but kill one life.
-I beg for justice, which thou, prince, must give;
-Romeo slew Tybalt, Romeo must not live.
-
-PRINCE:
-Romeo slew him, he slew Mercutio;
-Who now the price of his dear blood doth owe?
-
-MONTAGUE:
-Not Romeo, prince, he was Mercutio's friend;
-His fault concludes but what the law should end,
-The life of Tybalt.
-
-PRINCE:
-And for that offence
-Immediately we do exile him hence:
-I have an interest in your hate's proceeding,
-My blood for your rude brawls doth lie a-bleeding;
-But I'll amerce you with so strong a fine
-That you shall all repent the loss of mine:
-I will be deaf to pleading and excuses;
-Nor tears nor prayers shall purchase out abuses:
-Therefore use none: let Romeo hence in haste,
-Else, when he's found, that hour is his last.
-Bear hence this body and attend our will:
-Mercy but murders, pardoning those that kill.
-
-JULIET:
-Gallop apace, you fiery-footed steeds,
-Towards Phoebus' lodging: such a wagoner
-As Phaethon would whip you to the west,
-And bring in cloudy night immediately.
-Spread thy close curtain, love-performing night,
-That runaway's eyes may wink and Romeo
-Leap to these arms, untalk'd of and unseen.
-Lovers can see to do their amorous rites
-By their own beauties; or, if love be blind,
-It best agrees with night. Come, civil night,
-Thou sober-suited matron, all in black,
-And learn me how to lose a winning match,
-Play'd for a pair of stainless maidenhoods:
-Hood my unmann'd blood, bating in my cheeks,
-With thy black mantle; till strange love, grown bold,
-Think true love acted simple modesty.
-Come, night; come, Romeo; come, thou day in night;
-For thou wilt lie upon the wings of night
-Whiter than new snow on a raven's back.
-Come, gentle night, come, loving, black-brow'd night,
-Give me my Romeo; and, when he shall die,
-Take him and cut him out in little stars,
-And he will make the face of heaven so fine
-That all the world will be in love with night
-And pay no worship to the garish sun.
-O, I have bought the mansion of a love,
-But not possess'd it, and, though I am sold,
-Not yet enjoy'd: so tedious is this day
-As is the night before some festival
-To an impatient child that hath new robes
-And may not wear them. O, here comes my nurse,
-And she brings news; and every tongue that speaks
-But Romeo's name speaks heavenly eloquence.
-Now, nurse, what news? What hast thou there? the cords
-That Romeo bid thee fetch?
-
-Nurse:
-Ay, ay, the cords.
-
-JULIET:
-Ay me! what news? why dost thou wring thy hands?
-
-Nurse:
-Ah, well-a-day! he's dead, he's dead, he's dead!
-We are undone, lady, we are undone!
-Alack the day! he's gone, he's kill'd, he's dead!
-
-JULIET:
-Can heaven be so envious?
-
-Nurse:
-Romeo can,
-Though heaven cannot: O Romeo, Romeo!
-Who ever would have thought it? Romeo!
-
-JULIET:
-What devil art thou, that dost torment me thus?
-This torture should be roar'd in dismal hell.
-Hath Romeo slain himself? say thou but 'I,'
-And that bare vowel 'I' shall poison more
-Than the death-darting eye of cockatrice:
-I am not I, if there be such an I;
-Or those eyes shut, that make thee answer 'I.'
-If he be slain, say 'I'; or if not, no:
-Brief sounds determine of my weal or woe.
-
-Nurse:
-I saw the wound, I saw it with mine eyes,--
-God save the mark!--here on his manly breast:
-A piteous corse, a bloody piteous corse;
-Pale, pale as ashes, all bedaub'd in blood,
-All in gore-blood; I swounded at the sight.
-
-JULIET:
-O, break, my heart! poor bankrupt, break at once!
-To prison, eyes, ne'er look on liberty!
-Vile earth, to earth resign; end motion here;
-And thou and Romeo press one heavy bier!
-
-Nurse:
-O Tybalt, Tybalt, the best friend I had!
-O courteous Tybalt! honest gentleman!
-That ever I should live to see thee dead!
-
-JULIET:
-What storm is this that blows so contrary?
-Is Romeo slaughter'd, and is Tybalt dead?
-My dear-loved cousin, and my dearer lord?
-Then, dreadful trumpet, sound the general doom!
-For who is living, if those two are gone?
-
-Nurse:
-Tybalt is gone, and Romeo banished;
-Romeo that kill'd him, he is banished.
-
-JULIET:
-O God! did Romeo's hand shed Tybalt's blood?
-
-Nurse:
-It did, it did; alas the day, it did!
-
-JULIET:
-O serpent heart, hid with a flowering face!
-Did ever dragon keep so fair a cave?
-Beautiful tyrant! fiend angelical!
-Dove-feather'd raven! wolvish-ravening lamb!
-Despised substance of divinest show!
-Just opposite to what thou justly seem'st,
-A damned saint, an honourable villain!
-O nature, what hadst thou to do in hell,
-When thou didst bower the spirit of a fiend
-In moral paradise of such sweet flesh?
-Was ever book containing such vile matter
-So fairly bound? O that deceit should dwell
-In such a gorgeous palace!
-
-Nurse:
-There's no trust,
-No faith, no honesty in men; all perjured,
-All forsworn, all naught, all dissemblers.
-Ah, where's my man? give me some aqua vitae:
-These griefs, these woes, these sorrows make me old.
-Shame come to Romeo!
-
-JULIET:
-Blister'd be thy tongue
-For such a wish! he was not born to shame:
-Upon his brow shame is ashamed to sit;
-For 'tis a throne where honour may be crown'd
-Sole monarch of the universal earth.
-O, what a beast was I to chide at him!
-
-Nurse:
-Will you speak well of him that kill'd your cousin?
-
-JULIET:
-Shall I speak ill of him that is my husband?
-Ah, poor my lord, what tongue shall smooth thy name,
-When I, thy three-hours wife, have mangled it?
-But, wherefore, villain, didst thou kill my cousin?
-That villain cousin would have kill'd my husband:
-Back, foolish tears, back to your native spring;
-Your tributary drops belong to woe,
-Which you, mistaking, offer up to joy.
-My husband lives, that Tybalt would have slain;
-And Tybalt's dead, that would have slain my husband:
-All this is comfort; wherefore weep I then?
-Some word there was, worser than Tybalt's death,
-That murder'd me: I would forget it fain;
-But, O, it presses to my memory,
-Like damned guilty deeds to sinners' minds:
-'Tybalt is dead, and Romeo--banished;'
-That 'banished,' that one word 'banished,'
-Hath slain ten thousand Tybalts. Tybalt's death
-Was woe enough, if it had ended there:
-Or, if sour woe delights in fellowship
-And needly will be rank'd with other griefs,
-Why follow'd not, when she said 'Tybalt's dead,'
-Thy father, or thy mother, nay, or both,
-Which modern lamentations might have moved?
-But with a rear-ward following Tybalt's death,
-'Romeo is banished,' to speak that word,
-Is father, mother, Tybalt, Romeo, Juliet,
-All slain, all dead. 'Romeo is banished!'
-There is no end, no limit, measure, bound,
-In that word's death; no words can that woe sound.
-Where is my father, and my mother, nurse?
-
-Nurse:
-Weeping and wailing over Tybalt's corse:
-Will you go to them? I will bring you thither.
-
-JULIET:
-Wash they his wounds with tears: mine shall be spent,
-When theirs are dry, for Romeo's banishment.
-Take up those cords: poor ropes, you are beguiled,
-Both you and I; for Romeo is exiled:
-He made you for a highway to my bed;
-But I, a maid, die maiden-widowed.
-Come, cords, come, nurse; I'll to my wedding-bed;
-And death, not Romeo, take my maidenhead!
-
-Nurse:
-Hie to your chamber: I'll find Romeo
-To comfort you: I wot well where he is.
-Hark ye, your Romeo will be here at night:
-I'll to him; he is hid at Laurence' cell.
-
-JULIET:
-O, find him! give this ring to my true knight,
-And bid him come to take his last farewell.
-
-FRIAR LAURENCE:
-Romeo, come forth; come forth, thou fearful man:
-Affliction is enamour'd of thy parts,
-And thou art wedded to calamity.
-
-ROMEO:
-Father, what news? what is the prince's doom?
-What sorrow craves acquaintance at my hand,
-That I yet know not?
-
-FRIAR LAURENCE:
-Too familiar
-Is my dear son with such sour company:
-I bring thee tidings of the prince's doom.
-
-ROMEO:
-What less than dooms-day is the prince's doom?
-
-FRIAR LAURENCE:
-A gentler judgment vanish'd from his lips,
-Not body's death, but body's banishment.
-
-ROMEO:
-Ha, banishment! be merciful, say 'death;'
-For exile hath more terror in his look,
-Much more than death: do not say 'banishment.'
-
-FRIAR LAURENCE:
-Hence from Verona art thou banished:
-Be patient, for the world is broad and wide.
-
-ROMEO:
-There is no world without Verona walls,
-But purgatory, torture, hell itself.
-Hence-banished is banish'd from the world,
-And world's exile is death: then banished,
-Is death mis-term'd: calling death banishment,
-Thou cutt'st my head off with a golden axe,
-And smilest upon the stroke that murders me.
-
-FRIAR LAURENCE:
-O deadly sin! O rude unthankfulness!
-Thy fault our law calls death; but the kind prince,
-Taking thy part, hath rush'd aside the law,
-And turn'd that black word death to banishment:
-This is dear mercy, and thou seest it not.
-
-ROMEO:
-'Tis torture, and not mercy: heaven is here,
-Where Juliet lives; and every cat and dog
-And little mouse, every unworthy thing,
-Live here in heaven and may look on her;
-But Romeo may not: more validity,
-More honourable state, more courtship lives
-In carrion-flies than Romeo: they my seize
-On the white wonder of dear Juliet's hand
-And steal immortal blessing from her lips,
-Who even in pure and vestal modesty,
-Still blush, as thinking their own kisses sin;
-But Romeo may not; he is banished:
-Flies may do this, but I from this must fly:
-They are free men, but I am banished.
-And say'st thou yet that exile is not death?
-Hadst thou no poison mix'd, no sharp-ground knife,
-No sudden mean of death, though ne'er so mean,
-But 'banished' to kill me?--'banished'?
-O friar, the damned use that word in hell;
-Howlings attend it: how hast thou the heart,
-Being a divine, a ghostly confessor,
-A sin-absolver, and my friend profess'd,
-To mangle me with that word 'banished'?
-
-FRIAR LAURENCE:
-Thou fond mad man, hear me but speak a word.
-
-ROMEO:
-O, thou wilt speak again of banishment.
-
-FRIAR LAURENCE:
-I'll give thee armour to keep off that word:
-Adversity's sweet milk, philosophy,
-To comfort thee, though thou art banished.
-
-ROMEO:
-Yet 'banished'? Hang up philosophy!
-Unless philosophy can make a Juliet,
-Displant a town, reverse a prince's doom,
-It helps not, it prevails not: talk no more.
-
-FRIAR LAURENCE:
-O, then I see that madmen have no ears.
-
-ROMEO:
-How should they, when that wise men have no eyes?
-
-FRIAR LAURENCE:
-Let me dispute with thee of thy estate.
-
-ROMEO:
-Thou canst not speak of that thou dost not feel:
-Wert thou as young as I, Juliet thy love,
-An hour but married, Tybalt murdered,
-Doting like me and like me banished,
-Then mightst thou speak, then mightst thou tear thy hair,
-And fall upon the ground, as I do now,
-Taking the measure of an unmade grave.
-
-FRIAR LAURENCE:
-Arise; one knocks; good Romeo, hide thyself.
-
-ROMEO:
-Not I; unless the breath of heartsick groans,
-Mist-like, infold me from the search of eyes.
-
-FRIAR LAURENCE:
-Hark, how they knock! Who's there? Romeo, arise;
-Thou wilt be taken. Stay awhile! Stand up;
-Run to my study. By and by! God's will,
-What simpleness is this! I come, I come!
-Who knocks so hard? whence come you? what's your will?
-
-FRIAR LAURENCE:
-Welcome, then.
-
-Nurse:
-O holy friar, O, tell me, holy friar,
-Where is my lady's lord, where's Romeo?
-
-FRIAR LAURENCE:
-There on the ground, with his own tears made drunk.
-
-Nurse:
-O, he is even in my mistress' case,
-Just in her case! O woful sympathy!
-Piteous predicament! Even so lies she,
-Blubbering and weeping, weeping and blubbering.
-Stand up, stand up; stand, and you be a man:
-For Juliet's sake, for her sake, rise and stand;
-Why should you fall into so deep an O?
-
-ROMEO:
-Nurse!
-
-Nurse:
-Ah sir! ah sir! Well, death's the end of all.
-
-ROMEO:
-Spakest thou of Juliet? how is it with her?
-Doth she not think me an old murderer,
-Now I have stain'd the childhood of our joy
-With blood removed but little from her own?
-Where is she? and how doth she? and what says
-My conceal'd lady to our cancell'd love?
-
-Nurse:
-O, she says nothing, sir, but weeps and weeps;
-And now falls on her bed; and then starts up,
-And Tybalt calls; and then on Romeo cries,
-And then down falls again.
-
-ROMEO:
-As if that name,
-Shot from the deadly level of a gun,
-Did murder her; as that name's cursed hand
-Murder'd her kinsman. O, tell me, friar, tell me,
-In what vile part of this anatomy
-Doth my name lodge? tell me, that I may sack
-The hateful mansion.
-
-FRIAR LAURENCE:
-Hold thy desperate hand:
-Art thou a man? thy form cries out thou art:
-Thy tears are womanish; thy wild acts denote
-The unreasonable fury of a beast:
-Unseemly woman in a seeming man!
-Or ill-beseeming beast in seeming both!
-Thou hast amazed me: by my holy order,
-I thought thy disposition better temper'd.
-Hast thou slain Tybalt? wilt thou slay thyself?
-And stay thy lady too that lives in thee,
-By doing damned hate upon thyself?
-Why rail'st thou on thy birth, the heaven, and earth?
-Since birth, and heaven, and earth, all three do meet
-In thee at once; which thou at once wouldst lose.
-Fie, fie, thou shamest thy shape, thy love, thy wit;
-Which, like a usurer, abound'st in all,
-And usest none in that true use indeed
-Which should bedeck thy shape, thy love, thy wit:
-Thy noble shape is but a form of wax,
-Digressing from the valour of a man;
-Thy dear love sworn but hollow perjury,
-Killing that love which thou hast vow'd to cherish;
-Thy wit, that ornament to shape and love,
-Misshapen in the conduct of them both,
-Like powder in a skitless soldier's flask,
-Is set afire by thine own ignorance,
-And thou dismember'd with thine own defence.
-What, rouse thee, man! thy Juliet is alive,
-For whose dear sake thou wast but lately dead;
-There art thou happy: Tybalt would kill thee,
-But thou slew'st Tybalt; there are thou happy too:
-The law that threaten'd death becomes thy friend
-And turns it to exile; there art thou happy:
-A pack of blessings lights up upon thy back;
-Happiness courts thee in her best array;
-But, like a misbehaved and sullen wench,
-Thou pout'st upon thy fortune and thy love:
-Take heed, take heed, for such die miserable.
-Go, get thee to thy love, as was decreed,
-Ascend her chamber, hence and comfort her:
-But look thou stay not till the watch be set,
-For then thou canst not pass to Mantua;
-Where thou shalt live, till we can find a time
-To blaze your marriage, reconcile your friends,
-Beg pardon of the prince, and call thee back
-With twenty hundred thousand times more joy
-Than thou went'st forth in lamentation.
-Go before, nurse: commend me to thy lady;
-And bid her hasten all the house to bed,
-Which heavy sorrow makes them apt unto:
-Romeo is coming.
-
-Nurse:
-O Lord, I could have stay'd here all the night
-To hear good counsel: O, what learning is!
-My lord, I'll tell my lady you will come.
-
-ROMEO:
-Do so, and bid my sweet prepare to chide.
-
-Nurse:
-Here, sir, a ring she bid me give you, sir:
-Hie you, make haste, for it grows very late.
-
-ROMEO:
-How well my comfort is revived by this!
-
-FRIAR LAURENCE:
-Go hence; good night; and here stands all your state:
-Either be gone before the watch be set,
-Or by the break of day disguised from hence:
-Sojourn in Mantua; I'll find out your man,
-And he shall signify from time to time
-Every good hap to you that chances here:
-Give me thy hand; 'tis late: farewell; good night.
-
-ROMEO:
-But that a joy past joy calls out on me,
-It were a grief, so brief to part with thee: Farewell.
-
-CAPULET:
-Things have fall'n out, sir, so unluckily,
-That we have had no time to move our daughter:
-Look you, she loved her kinsman Tybalt dearly,
-And so did I:--Well, we were born to die.
-'Tis very late, she'll not come down to-night:
-I promise you, but for your company,
-I would have been a-bed an hour ago.
-
-PARIS:
-These times of woe afford no time to woo.
-Madam, good night: commend me to your daughter.
-
-LADY CAPULET:
-I will, and know her mind early to-morrow;
-To-night she is mew'd up to her heaviness.
-
-CAPULET:
-Sir Paris, I will make a desperate tender
-Of my child's love: I think she will be ruled
-In all respects by me; nay, more, I doubt it not.
-Wife, go you to her ere you go to bed;
-Acquaint her here of my son Paris' love;
-And bid her, mark you me, on Wednesday next--
-But, soft! what day is this?
-
-PARIS:
-Monday, my lord,
-
-CAPULET:
-Monday! ha, ha! Well, Wednesday is too soon,
-O' Thursday let it be: o' Thursday, tell her,
-She shall be married to this noble earl.
-Will you be ready? do you like this haste?
-We'll keep no great ado,--a friend or two;
-For, hark you, Tybalt being slain so late,
-It may be thought we held him carelessly,
-Being our kinsman, if we revel much:
-Therefore we'll have some half a dozen friends,
-And there an end. But what say you to Thursday?
-
-PARIS:
-My lord, I would that Thursday were to-morrow.
-
-CAPULET:
-Well get you gone: o' Thursday be it, then.
-Go you to Juliet ere you go to bed,
-Prepare her, wife, against this wedding-day.
-Farewell, my lord. Light to my chamber, ho!
-Afore me! it is so very very late,
-That we may call it early by and by.
-Good night.
-
-JULIET:
-Wilt thou be gone? it is not yet near day:
-It was the nightingale, and not the lark,
-That pierced the fearful hollow of thine ear;
-Nightly she sings on yon pomegranate-tree:
-Believe me, love, it was the nightingale.
-
-ROMEO:
-It was the lark, the herald of the morn,
-No nightingale: look, love, what envious streaks
-Do lace the severing clouds in yonder east:
-Night's candles are burnt out, and jocund day
-Stands tiptoe on the misty mountain tops.
-I must be gone and live, or stay and die.
-
-JULIET:
-Yon light is not day-light, I know it, I:
-It is some meteor that the sun exhales,
-To be to thee this night a torch-bearer,
-And light thee on thy way to Mantua:
-Therefore stay yet; thou need'st not to be gone.
-
-ROMEO:
-Let me be ta'en, let me be put to death;
-I am content, so thou wilt have it so.
-I'll say yon grey is not the morning's eye,
-'Tis but the pale reflex of Cynthia's brow;
-Nor that is not the lark, whose notes do beat
-The vaulty heaven so high above our heads:
-I have more care to stay than will to go:
-Come, death, and welcome! Juliet wills it so.
-How is't, my soul? let's talk; it is not day.
-
-JULIET:
-It is, it is: hie hence, be gone, away!
-It is the lark that sings so out of tune,
-Straining harsh discords and unpleasing sharps.
-Some say the lark makes sweet division;
-This doth not so, for she divideth us:
-Some say the lark and loathed toad change eyes,
-O, now I would they had changed voices too!
-Since arm from arm that voice doth us affray,
-Hunting thee hence with hunt's-up to the day,
-O, now be gone; more light and light it grows.
-
-ROMEO:
-More light and light; more dark and dark our woes!
-
-Nurse:
-Madam!
-
-JULIET:
-Nurse?
-
-Nurse:
-Your lady mother is coming to your chamber:
-The day is broke; be wary, look about.
-
-JULIET:
-Then, window, let day in, and let life out.
-
-ROMEO:
-Farewell, farewell! one kiss, and I'll descend.
-
-JULIET:
-Art thou gone so? love, lord, ay, husband, friend!
-I must hear from thee every day in the hour,
-For in a minute there are many days:
-O, by this count I shall be much in years
-Ere I again behold my Romeo!
-
-ROMEO:
-Farewell!
-I will omit no opportunity
-That may convey my greetings, love, to thee.
-
-JULIET:
-O think'st thou we shall ever meet again?
-
-ROMEO:
-I doubt it not; and all these woes shall serve
-For sweet discourses in our time to come.
-
-JULIET:
-O God, I have an ill-divining soul!
-Methinks I see thee, now thou art below,
-As one dead in the bottom of a tomb:
-Either my eyesight fails, or thou look'st pale.
-
-ROMEO:
-And trust me, love, in my eye so do you:
-Dry sorrow drinks our blood. Adieu, adieu!
-
-JULIET:
-O fortune, fortune! all men call thee fickle:
-If thou art fickle, what dost thou with him.
-That is renown'd for faith? Be fickle, fortune;
-For then, I hope, thou wilt not keep him long,
-But send him back.
-
-JULIET:
-Who is't that calls? is it my lady mother?
-Is she not down so late, or up so early?
-What unaccustom'd cause procures her hither?
-
-LADY CAPULET:
-Why, how now, Juliet!
-
-JULIET:
-Madam, I am not well.
-
-LADY CAPULET:
-Evermore weeping for your cousin's death?
-What, wilt thou wash him from his grave with tears?
-An if thou couldst, thou couldst not make him live;
-Therefore, have done: some grief shows much of love;
-But much of grief shows still some want of wit.
-
-JULIET:
-Yet let me weep for such a feeling loss.
-
-LADY CAPULET:
-So shall you feel the loss, but not the friend
-Which you weep for.
-
-JULIET:
-Feeling so the loss,
-Cannot choose but ever weep the friend.
-
-LADY CAPULET:
-Well, girl, thou weep'st not so much for his death,
-As that the villain lives which slaughter'd him.
-
-JULIET:
-What villain madam?
-
-LADY CAPULET:
-That same villain, Romeo.
-
-LADY CAPULET:
-That is, because the traitor murderer lives.
-
-JULIET:
-Ay, madam, from the reach of these my hands:
-Would none but I might venge my cousin's death!
-
-LADY CAPULET:
-We will have vengeance for it, fear thou not:
-Then weep no more. I'll send to one in Mantua,
-Where that same banish'd runagate doth live,
-Shall give him such an unaccustom'd dram,
-That he shall soon keep Tybalt company:
-And then, I hope, thou wilt be satisfied.
-
-JULIET:
-Indeed, I never shall be satisfied
-With Romeo, till I behold him--dead--
-Is my poor heart for a kinsman vex'd.
-Madam, if you could find out but a man
-To bear a poison, I would temper it;
-That Romeo should, upon receipt thereof,
-Soon sleep in quiet. O, how my heart abhors
-To hear him named, and cannot come to him.
-To wreak the love I bore my cousin
-Upon his body that slaughter'd him!
-
-LADY CAPULET:
-Find thou the means, and I'll find such a man.
-But now I'll tell thee joyful tidings, girl.
-
-JULIET:
-And joy comes well in such a needy time:
-What are they, I beseech your ladyship?
-
-LADY CAPULET:
-Well, well, thou hast a careful father, child;
-One who, to put thee from thy heaviness,
-Hath sorted out a sudden day of joy,
-That thou expect'st not nor I look'd not for.
-
-JULIET:
-Madam, in happy time, what day is that?
-
-LADY CAPULET:
-Marry, my child, early next Thursday morn,
-The gallant, young and noble gentleman,
-The County Paris, at Saint Peter's Church,
-Shall happily make thee there a joyful bride.
-
-JULIET:
-Now, by Saint Peter's Church and Peter too,
-He shall not make me there a joyful bride.
-I wonder at this haste; that I must wed
-Ere he, that should be husband, comes to woo.
-I pray you, tell my lord and father, madam,
-I will not marry yet; and, when I do, I swear,
-It shall be Romeo, whom you know I hate,
-Rather than Paris. These are news indeed!
-
-LADY CAPULET:
-Here comes your father; tell him so yourself,
-And see how he will take it at your hands.
-
-CAPULET:
-When the sun sets, the air doth drizzle dew;
-But for the sunset of my brother's son
-It rains downright.
-How now! a conduit, girl? what, still in tears?
-Evermore showering? In one little body
-Thou counterfeit'st a bark, a sea, a wind;
-For still thy eyes, which I may call the sea,
-Do ebb and flow with tears; the bark thy body is,
-Sailing in this salt flood; the winds, thy sighs;
-Who, raging with thy tears, and they with them,
-Without a sudden calm, will overset
-Thy tempest-tossed body. How now, wife!
-Have you deliver'd to her our decree?
-
-LADY CAPULET:
-Ay, sir; but she will none, she gives you thanks.
-I would the fool were married to her grave!
-
-CAPULET:
-Soft! take me with you, take me with you, wife.
-How! will she none? doth she not give us thanks?
-Is she not proud? doth she not count her blest,
-Unworthy as she is, that we have wrought
-So worthy a gentleman to be her bridegroom?
-
-JULIET:
-Not proud, you have; but thankful, that you have:
-Proud can I never be of what I hate;
-But thankful even for hate, that is meant love.
-
-CAPULET:
-How now, how now, chop-logic! What is this?
-'Proud,' and 'I thank you,' and 'I thank you not;'
-And yet 'not proud,' mistress minion, you,
-Thank me no thankings, nor, proud me no prouds,
-But fettle your fine joints 'gainst Thursday next,
-To go with Paris to Saint Peter's Church,
-Or I will drag thee on a hurdle thither.
-Out, you green-sickness carrion! out, you baggage!
-You tallow-face!
-
-LADY CAPULET:
-Fie, fie! what, are you mad?
-
-JULIET:
-Good father, I beseech you on my knees,
-Hear me with patience but to speak a word.
-
-CAPULET:
-Hang thee, young baggage! disobedient wretch!
-I tell thee what: get thee to church o' Thursday,
-Or never after look me in the face:
-Speak not, reply not, do not answer me;
-My fingers itch. Wife, we scarce thought us blest
-That God had lent us but this only child;
-But now I see this one is one too much,
-And that we have a curse in having her:
-Out on her, hilding!
-
-Nurse:
-God in heaven bless her!
-You are to blame, my lord, to rate her so.
-
-CAPULET:
-And why, my lady wisdom? hold your tongue,
-Good prudence; smatter with your gossips, go.
-
-Nurse:
-I speak no treason.
-
-CAPULET:
-O, God ye god-den.
-
-Nurse:
-May not one speak?
-
-CAPULET:
-Peace, you mumbling fool!
-Utter your gravity o'er a gossip's bowl;
-For here we need it not.
-
-LADY CAPULET:
-You are too hot.
-
-CAPULET:
-God's bread! it makes me mad:
-Day, night, hour, tide, time, work, play,
-Alone, in company, still my care hath been
-To have her match'd: and having now provided
-A gentleman of noble parentage,
-Of fair demesnes, youthful, and nobly train'd,
-Stuff'd, as they say, with honourable parts,
-Proportion'd as one's thought would wish a man;
-And then to have a wretched puling fool,
-A whining mammet, in her fortune's tender,
-To answer 'I'll not wed; I cannot love,
-I am too young; I pray you, pardon me.'
-But, as you will not wed, I'll pardon you:
-Graze where you will you shall not house with me:
-Look to't, think on't, I do not use to jest.
-Thursday is near; lay hand on heart, advise:
-An you be mine, I'll give you to my friend;
-And you be not, hang, beg, starve, die in
-the streets,
-For, by my soul, I'll ne'er acknowledge thee,
-Nor what is mine shall never do thee good:
-Trust to't, bethink you; I'll not be forsworn.
-
-JULIET:
-Is there no pity sitting in the clouds,
-That sees into the bottom of my grief?
-O, sweet my mother, cast me not away!
-Delay this marriage for a month, a week;
-Or, if you do not, make the bridal bed
-In that dim monument where Tybalt lies.
-
-LADY CAPULET:
-Talk not to me, for I'll not speak a word:
-Do as thou wilt, for I have done with thee.
-
-JULIET:
-O God!--O nurse, how shall this be prevented?
-My husband is on earth, my faith in heaven;
-How shall that faith return again to earth,
-Unless that husband send it me from heaven
-By leaving earth? comfort me, counsel me.
-Alack, alack, that heaven should practise stratagems
-Upon so soft a subject as myself!
-What say'st thou? hast thou not a word of joy?
-Some comfort, nurse.
-
-Nurse:
-Faith, here it is.
-Romeo is banish'd; and all the world to nothing,
-That he dares ne'er come back to challenge you;
-Or, if he do, it needs must be by stealth.
-Then, since the case so stands as now it doth,
-I think it best you married with the county.
-O, he's a lovely gentleman!
-Romeo's a dishclout to him: an eagle, madam,
-Hath not so green, so quick, so fair an eye
-As Paris hath. Beshrew my very heart,
-I think you are happy in this second match,
-For it excels your first: or if it did not,
-Your first is dead; or 'twere as good he were,
-As living here and you no use of him.
-
-JULIET:
-Speakest thou from thy heart?
-
-Nurse:
-And from my soul too;
-Or else beshrew them both.
-
-JULIET:
-Amen!
-
-Nurse:
-What?
-
-JULIET:
-Well, thou hast comforted me marvellous much.
-Go in: and tell my lady I am gone,
-Having displeased my father, to Laurence' cell,
-To make confession and to be absolved.
-
-Nurse:
-Marry, I will; and this is wisely done.
-
-JULIET:
-Ancient damnation! O most wicked fiend!
-Is it more sin to wish me thus forsworn,
-Or to dispraise my lord with that same tongue
-Which she hath praised him with above compare
-So many thousand times? Go, counsellor;
-Thou and my bosom henceforth shall be twain.
-I'll to the friar, to know his remedy:
-If all else fail, myself have power to die.
-
-FRIAR LAURENCE:
-On Thursday, sir? the time is very short.
-
-PARIS:
-My father Capulet will have it so;
-And I am nothing slow to slack his haste.
-
-FRIAR LAURENCE:
-You say you do not know the lady's mind:
-Uneven is the course, I like it not.
-
-PARIS:
-Immoderately she weeps for Tybalt's death,
-And therefore have I little talk'd of love;
-For Venus smiles not in a house of tears.
-Now, sir, her father counts it dangerous
-That she doth give her sorrow so much sway,
-And in his wisdom hastes our marriage,
-To stop the inundation of her tears;
-Which, too much minded by herself alone,
-May be put from her by society:
-Now do you know the reason of this haste.
-
-PARIS:
-Happily met, my lady and my wife!
-
-JULIET:
-That may be, sir, when I may be a wife.
-
-PARIS:
-That may be must be, love, on Thursday next.
-
-JULIET:
-What must be shall be.
-
-FRIAR LAURENCE:
-That's a certain text.
-
-PARIS:
-Come you to make confession to this father?
-
-JULIET:
-To answer that, I should confess to you.
-
-PARIS:
-Do not deny to him that you love me.
-
-JULIET:
-I will confess to you that I love him.
-
-PARIS:
-So will ye, I am sure, that you love me.
-
-JULIET:
-If I do so, it will be of more price,
-Being spoke behind your back, than to your face.
-
-PARIS:
-Poor soul, thy face is much abused with tears.
-
-JULIET:
-The tears have got small victory by that;
-For it was bad enough before their spite.
-
-PARIS:
-Thou wrong'st it, more than tears, with that report.
-
-JULIET:
-That is no slander, sir, which is a truth;
-And what I spake, I spake it to my face.
-
-PARIS:
-Thy face is mine, and thou hast slander'd it.
-
-JULIET:
-It may be so, for it is not mine own.
-Are you at leisure, holy father, now;
-Or shall I come to you at evening mass?
-
-FRIAR LAURENCE:
-My leisure serves me, pensive daughter, now.
-My lord, we must entreat the time alone.
-
-PARIS:
-God shield I should disturb devotion!
-Juliet, on Thursday early will I rouse ye:
-Till then, adieu; and keep this holy kiss.
-
-JULIET:
-O shut the door! and when thou hast done so,
-Come weep with me; past hope, past cure, past help!
-
-FRIAR LAURENCE:
-Ah, Juliet, I already know thy grief;
-It strains me past the compass of my wits:
-I hear thou must, and nothing may prorogue it,
-On Thursday next be married to this county.
-
-JULIET:
-Tell me not, friar, that thou hear'st of this,
-Unless thou tell me how I may prevent it:
-If, in thy wisdom, thou canst give no help,
-Do thou but call my resolution wise,
-And with this knife I'll help it presently.
-God join'd my heart and Romeo's, thou our hands;
-And ere this hand, by thee to Romeo seal'd,
-Shall be the label to another deed,
-Or my true heart with treacherous revolt
-Turn to another, this shall slay them both:
-Therefore, out of thy long-experienced time,
-Give me some present counsel, or, behold,
-'Twixt my extremes and me this bloody knife
-Shall play the umpire, arbitrating that
-Which the commission of thy years and art
-Could to no issue of true honour bring.
-Be not so long to speak; I long to die,
-If what thou speak'st speak not of remedy.
-
-FRIAR LAURENCE:
-Hold, daughter: I do spy a kind of hope,
-Which craves as desperate an execution.
-As that is desperate which we would prevent.
-If, rather than to marry County Paris,
-Thou hast the strength of will to slay thyself,
-Then is it likely thou wilt undertake
-A thing like death to chide away this shame,
-That copest with death himself to scape from it:
-And, if thou darest, I'll give thee remedy.
-
-JULIET:
-O, bid me leap, rather than marry Paris,
-From off the battlements of yonder tower;
-Or walk in thievish ways; or bid me lurk
-Where serpents are; chain me with roaring bears;
-Or shut me nightly in a charnel-house,
-O'er-cover'd quite with dead men's rattling bones,
-With reeky shanks and yellow chapless skulls;
-Or bid me go into a new-made grave
-And hide me with a dead man in his shroud;
-Things that, to hear them told, have made me tremble;
-And I will do it without fear or doubt,
-To live an unstain'd wife to my sweet love.
-
-FRIAR LAURENCE:
-Hold, then; go home, be merry, give consent
-To marry Paris: Wednesday is to-morrow:
-To-morrow night look that thou lie alone;
-Let not thy nurse lie with thee in thy chamber:
-Take thou this vial, being then in bed,
-And this distilled liquor drink thou off;
-When presently through all thy veins shall run
-A cold and drowsy humour, for no pulse
-Shall keep his native progress, but surcease:
-No warmth, no breath, shall testify thou livest;
-The roses in thy lips and cheeks shall fade
-To paly ashes, thy eyes' windows fall,
-Like death, when he shuts up the day of life;
-Each part, deprived of supple government,
-Shall, stiff and stark and cold, appear like death:
-And in this borrow'd likeness of shrunk death
-Thou shalt continue two and forty hours,
-And then awake as from a pleasant sleep.
-Now, when the bridegroom in the morning comes
-To rouse thee from thy bed, there art thou dead:
-Then, as the manner of our country is,
-In thy best robes uncover'd on the bier
-Thou shalt be borne to that same ancient vault
-Where all the kindred of the Capulets lie.
-In the mean time, against thou shalt awake,
-Shall Romeo by my letters know our drift,
-And hither shall he come: and he and I
-Will watch thy waking, and that very night
-Shall Romeo bear thee hence to Mantua.
-And this shall free thee from this present shame;
-If no inconstant toy, nor womanish fear,
-Abate thy valour in the acting it.
-
-JULIET:
-Give me, give me! O, tell not me of fear!
-
-FRIAR LAURENCE:
-Hold; get you gone, be strong and prosperous
-In this resolve: I'll send a friar with speed
-To Mantua, with my letters to thy lord.
-
-JULIET:
-Love give me strength! and strength shall help afford.
-Farewell, dear father!
-
-CAPULET:
-So many guests invite as here are writ.
-Sirrah, go hire me twenty cunning cooks.
-
-Second Servant:
-You shall have none ill, sir; for I'll try if they
-can lick their fingers.
-
-CAPULET:
-How canst thou try them so?
-
-Second Servant:
-Marry, sir, 'tis an ill cook that cannot lick his
-own fingers: therefore he that cannot lick his
-fingers goes not with me.
-
-CAPULET:
-Go, be gone.
-We shall be much unfurnished for this time.
-What, is my daughter gone to Friar Laurence?
-
-Nurse:
-Ay, forsooth.
-
-CAPULET:
-Well, he may chance to do some good on her:
-A peevish self-will'd harlotry it is.
-
-Nurse:
-See where she comes from shrift with merry look.
-
-CAPULET:
-How now, my headstrong! where have you been gadding?
-
-JULIET:
-Where I have learn'd me to repent the sin
-Of disobedient opposition
-To you and your behests, and am enjoin'd
-By holy Laurence to fall prostrate here,
-And beg your pardon: pardon, I beseech you!
-Henceforward I am ever ruled by you.
-
-CAPULET:
-Send for the county; go tell him of this:
-I'll have this knot knit up to-morrow morning.
-
-JULIET:
-I met the youthful lord at Laurence' cell;
-And gave him what becomed love I might,
-Not step o'er the bounds of modesty.
-
-CAPULET:
-Why, I am glad on't; this is well: stand up:
-This is as't should be. Let me see the county;
-Ay, marry, go, I say, and fetch him hither.
-Now, afore God! this reverend holy friar,
-Our whole city is much bound to him.
-
-JULIET:
-Nurse, will you go with me into my closet,
-To help me sort such needful ornaments
-As you think fit to furnish me to-morrow?
-
-LADY CAPULET:
-No, not till Thursday; there is time enough.
-
-CAPULET:
-Go, nurse, go with her: we'll to church to-morrow.
-
-LADY CAPULET:
-We shall be short in our provision:
-'Tis now near night.
-
-CAPULET:
-Tush, I will stir about,
-And all things shall be well, I warrant thee, wife:
-Go thou to Juliet, help to deck up her;
-I'll not to bed to-night; let me alone;
-I'll play the housewife for this once. What, ho!
-They are all forth. Well, I will walk myself
-To County Paris, to prepare him up
-Against to-morrow: my heart is wondrous light,
-Since this same wayward girl is so reclaim'd.
-
-JULIET:
-Ay, those attires are best: but, gentle nurse,
-I pray thee, leave me to myself to-night,
-For I have need of many orisons
-To move the heavens to smile upon my state,
-Which, well thou know'st, is cross, and full of sin.
-
-LADY CAPULET:
-What, are you busy, ho? need you my help?
-
-JULIET:
-No, madam; we have cull'd such necessaries
-As are behoveful for our state to-morrow:
-So please you, let me now be left alone,
-And let the nurse this night sit up with you;
-For, I am sure, you have your hands full all,
-In this so sudden business.
-
-LADY CAPULET:
-Good night:
-Get thee to bed, and rest; for thou hast need.
-
-JULIET:
-Farewell! God knows when we shall meet again.
-I have a faint cold fear thrills through my veins,
-That almost freezes up the heat of life:
-I'll call them back again to comfort me:
-Nurse! What should she do here?
-My dismal scene I needs must act alone.
-Come, vial.
-What if this mixture do not work at all?
-Shall I be married then to-morrow morning?
-No, no: this shall forbid it: lie thou there.
-What if it be a poison, which the friar
-Subtly hath minister'd to have me dead,
-Lest in this marriage he should be dishonour'd,
-Because he married me before to Romeo?
-I fear it is: and yet, methinks, it should not,
-For he hath still been tried a holy man.
-How if, when I am laid into the tomb,
-I wake before the time that Romeo
-Come to redeem me? there's a fearful point!
-Shall I not, then, be stifled in the vault,
-To whose foul mouth no healthsome air breathes in,
-And there die strangled ere my Romeo comes?
-Or, if I live, is it not very like,
-The horrible conceit of death and night,
-Together with the terror of the place,--
-As in a vault, an ancient receptacle,
-Where, for these many hundred years, the bones
-Of all my buried ancestors are packed:
-Where bloody Tybalt, yet but green in earth,
-Lies festering in his shroud; where, as they say,
-At some hours in the night spirits resort;--
-Alack, alack, is it not like that I,
-So early waking, what with loathsome smells,
-And shrieks like mandrakes' torn out of the earth,
-That living mortals, hearing them, run mad:--
-O, if I wake, shall I not be distraught,
-Environed with all these hideous fears?
-And madly play with my forefather's joints?
-And pluck the mangled Tybalt from his shroud?
-And, in this rage, with some great kinsman's bone,
-As with a club, dash out my desperate brains?
-O, look! methinks I see my cousin's ghost
-Seeking out Romeo, that did spit his body
-Upon a rapier's point: stay, Tybalt, stay!
-Romeo, I come! this do I drink to thee.
-
-LADY CAPULET:
-Hold, take these keys, and fetch more spices, nurse.
-
-Nurse:
-They call for dates and quinces in the pastry.
-
-CAPULET:
-Come, stir, stir, stir! the second cock hath crow'd,
-The curfew-bell hath rung, 'tis three o'clock:
-Look to the baked meats, good Angelica:
-Spare not for the cost.
-
-Nurse:
-Go, you cot-quean, go,
-Get you to bed; faith, You'll be sick to-morrow
-For this night's watching.
-
-CAPULET:
-No, not a whit: what! I have watch'd ere now
-All night for lesser cause, and ne'er been sick.
-
-LADY CAPULET:
-Ay, you have been a mouse-hunt in your time;
-But I will watch you from such watching now.
-
-CAPULET:
-A jealous hood, a jealous hood!
-Now, fellow,
-What's there?
-
-First Servant:
-Things for the cook, sir; but I know not what.
-
-CAPULET:
-Make haste, make haste.
-Sirrah, fetch drier logs:
-Call Peter, he will show thee where they are.
-
-Second Servant:
-I have a head, sir, that will find out logs,
-And never trouble Peter for the matter.
-
-CAPULET:
-Mass, and well said; a merry whoreson, ha!
-Thou shalt be logger-head. Good faith, 'tis day:
-The county will be here with music straight,
-For so he said he would: I hear him near.
-Nurse! Wife! What, ho! What, nurse, I say!
-Go waken Juliet, go and trim her up;
-I'll go and chat with Paris: hie, make haste,
-Make haste; the bridegroom he is come already:
-Make haste, I say.
-
-Nurse:
-Mistress! what, mistress! Juliet! fast, I warrant her, she:
-Why, lamb! why, lady! fie, you slug-a-bed!
-Why, love, I say! madam! sweet-heart! why, bride!
-What, not a word? you take your pennyworths now;
-Sleep for a week; for the next night, I warrant,
-The County Paris hath set up his rest,
-That you shall rest but little. God forgive me,
-Marry, and amen, how sound is she asleep!
-I must needs wake her. Madam, madam, madam!
-Ay, let the county take you in your bed;
-He'll fright you up, i' faith. Will it not be?
-What, dress'd! and in your clothes! and down again!
-I must needs wake you; Lady! lady! lady!
-Alas, alas! Help, help! my lady's dead!
-O, well-a-day, that ever I was born!
-Some aqua vitae, ho! My lord! my lady!
-
-LADY CAPULET:
-What noise is here?
-
-Nurse:
-O lamentable day!
-
-LADY CAPULET:
-What is the matter?
-
-Nurse:
-Look, look! O heavy day!
-
-LADY CAPULET:
-O me, O me! My child, my only life,
-Revive, look up, or I will die with thee!
-Help, help! Call help.
-
-CAPULET:
-For shame, bring Juliet forth; her lord is come.
-
-Nurse:
-She's dead, deceased, she's dead; alack the day!
-
-LADY CAPULET:
-Alack the day, she's dead, she's dead, she's dead!
-
-CAPULET:
-Ha! let me see her: out, alas! she's cold:
-Her blood is settled, and her joints are stiff;
-Life and these lips have long been separated:
-Death lies on her like an untimely frost
-Upon the sweetest flower of all the field.
-
-Nurse:
-O lamentable day!
-
-LADY CAPULET:
-O woful time!
-
-CAPULET:
-Death, that hath ta'en her hence to make me wail,
-Ties up my tongue, and will not let me speak.
-
-FRIAR LAURENCE:
-Come, is the bride ready to go to church?
-
-CAPULET:
-Ready to go, but never to return.
-O son! the night before thy wedding-day
-Hath Death lain with thy wife. There she lies,
-Flower as she was, deflowered by him.
-Death is my son-in-law, Death is my heir;
-My daughter he hath wedded: I will die,
-And leave him all; life, living, all is Death's.
-
-PARIS:
-Have I thought long to see this morning's face,
-And doth it give me such a sight as this?
-
-LADY CAPULET:
-Accursed, unhappy, wretched, hateful day!
-Most miserable hour that e'er time saw
-In lasting labour of his pilgrimage!
-But one, poor one, one poor and loving child,
-But one thing to rejoice and solace in,
-And cruel death hath catch'd it from my sight!
-
-Nurse:
-O woe! O woful, woful, woful day!
-Most lamentable day, most woful day,
-That ever, ever, I did yet behold!
-O day! O day! O day! O hateful day!
-Never was seen so black a day as this:
-O woful day, O woful day!
-
-PARIS:
-Beguiled, divorced, wronged, spited, slain!
-Most detestable death, by thee beguil'd,
-By cruel cruel thee quite overthrown!
-O love! O life! not life, but love in death!
-
-CAPULET:
-Despised, distressed, hated, martyr'd, kill'd!
-Uncomfortable time, why camest thou now
-To murder, murder our solemnity?
-O child! O child! my soul, and not my child!
-Dead art thou! Alack! my child is dead;
-And with my child my joys are buried.
-
-FRIAR LAURENCE:
-Peace, ho, for shame! confusion's cure lives not
-In these confusions. Heaven and yourself
-Had part in this fair maid; now heaven hath all,
-And all the better is it for the maid:
-Your part in her you could not keep from death,
-But heaven keeps his part in eternal life.
-The most you sought was her promotion;
-For 'twas your heaven she should be advanced:
-And weep ye now, seeing she is advanced
-Above the clouds, as high as heaven itself?
-O, in this love, you love your child so ill,
-That you run mad, seeing that she is well:
-She's not well married that lives married long;
-But she's best married that dies married young.
-Dry up your tears, and stick your rosemary
-On this fair corse; and, as the custom is,
-In all her best array bear her to church:
-For though fond nature bids us an lament,
-Yet nature's tears are reason's merriment.
-
-CAPULET:
-All things that we ordained festival,
-Turn from their office to black funeral;
-Our instruments to melancholy bells,
-Our wedding cheer to a sad burial feast,
-Our solemn hymns to sullen dirges change,
-Our bridal flowers serve for a buried corse,
-And all things change them to the contrary.
-
-FRIAR LAURENCE:
-Sir, go you in; and, madam, go with him;
-And go, Sir Paris; every one prepare
-To follow this fair corse unto her grave:
-The heavens do lour upon you for some ill;
-Move them no more by crossing their high will.
-
-First Musician:
-Faith, we may put up our pipes, and be gone.
-
-Nurse:
-Honest goodfellows, ah, put up, put up;
-For, well you know, this is a pitiful case.
-
-First Musician:
-Ay, by my troth, the case may be amended.
-
-PETER:
-Musicians, O, musicians, 'Heart's ease, Heart's
-ease:' O, an you will have me live, play 'Heart's ease.'
-
-First Musician:
-Why 'Heart's ease?'
-
-PETER:
-O, musicians, because my heart itself plays 'My
-heart is full of woe:' O, play me some merry dump,
-to comfort me.
-
-First Musician:
-Not a dump we; 'tis no time to play now.
-
-PETER:
-You will not, then?
-
-First Musician:
-No.
-
-PETER:
-I will then give it you soundly.
-
-First Musician:
-What will you give us?
-
-PETER:
-No money, on my faith, but the gleek;
-I will give you the minstrel.
-
-First Musician:
-Then I will give you the serving-creature.
-
-PETER:
-Then will I lay the serving-creature's dagger on
-your pate. I will carry no crotchets: I'll re you,
-I'll fa you; do you note me?
-
-First Musician:
-An you re us and fa us, you note us.
-
-Second Musician:
-Pray you, put up your dagger, and put out your wit.
-
-PETER:
-Then have at you with my wit! I will dry-beat you
-with an iron wit, and put up my iron dagger. Answer
-me like men:
-'When griping grief the heart doth wound,
-And doleful dumps the mind oppress,
-Then music with her silver sound'--
-why 'silver sound'? why 'music with her silver
-sound'? What say you, Simon Catling?
-
-Musician:
-Marry, sir, because silver hath a sweet sound.
-
-PETER:
-Pretty! What say you, Hugh Rebeck?
-
-Second Musician:
-I say 'silver sound,' because musicians sound for silver.
-
-PETER:
-Pretty too! What say you, James Soundpost?
-
-Third Musician:
-Faith, I know not what to say.
-
-PETER:
-O, I cry you mercy; you are the singer: I will say
-for you. It is 'music with her silver sound,'
-because musicians have no gold for sounding:
-'Then music with her silver sound
-With speedy help doth lend redress.'
-
-First Musician:
-What a pestilent knave is this same!
-
-Second Musician:
-Hang him, Jack! Come, we'll in here; tarry for the
-mourners, and stay dinner.
-
-ROMEO:
-If I may trust the flattering truth of sleep,
-My dreams presage some joyful news at hand:
-My bosom's lord sits lightly in his throne;
-And all this day an unaccustom'd spirit
-Lifts me above the ground with cheerful thoughts.
-I dreamt my lady came and found me dead--
-Strange dream, that gives a dead man leave
-to think!--
-And breathed such life with kisses in my lips,
-That I revived, and was an emperor.
-Ah me! how sweet is love itself possess'd,
-When but love's shadows are so rich in joy!
-News from Verona!--How now, Balthasar!
-Dost thou not bring me letters from the friar?
-How doth my lady? Is my father well?
-How fares my Juliet? that I ask again;
-For nothing can be ill, if she be well.
-
-BALTHASAR:
-Then she is well, and nothing can be ill:
-Her body sleeps in Capel's monument,
-And her immortal part with angels lives.
-I saw her laid low in her kindred's vault,
-And presently took post to tell it you:
-O, pardon me for bringing these ill news,
-Since you did leave it for my office, sir.
-
-ROMEO:
-Is it even so? then I defy you, stars!
-Thou know'st my lodging: get me ink and paper,
-And hire post-horses; I will hence to-night.
-
-BALTHASAR:
-I do beseech you, sir, have patience:
-Your looks are pale and wild, and do import
-Some misadventure.
-
-ROMEO:
-Tush, thou art deceived:
-Leave me, and do the thing I bid thee do.
-Hast thou no letters to me from the friar?
-
-BALTHASAR:
-No, my good lord.
-
-ROMEO:
-No matter: get thee gone,
-And hire those horses; I'll be with thee straight.
-Well, Juliet, I will lie with thee to-night.
-Let's see for means: O mischief, thou art swift
-To enter in the thoughts of desperate men!
-I do remember an apothecary,--
-And hereabouts he dwells,--which late I noted
-In tatter'd weeds, with overwhelming brows,
-Culling of simples; meagre were his looks,
-Sharp misery had worn him to the bones:
-And in his needy shop a tortoise hung,
-An alligator stuff'd, and other skins
-Of ill-shaped fishes; and about his shelves
-A beggarly account of empty boxes,
-Green earthen pots, bladders and musty seeds,
-Remnants of packthread and old cakes of roses,
-Were thinly scatter'd, to make up a show.
-Noting this penury, to myself I said
-'An if a man did need a poison now,
-Whose sale is present death in Mantua,
-Here lives a caitiff wretch would sell it him.'
-O, this same thought did but forerun my need;
-And this same needy man must sell it me.
-As I remember, this should be the house.
-Being holiday, the beggar's shop is shut.
-What, ho! apothecary!
-
-Apothecary:
-Who calls so loud?
-
-ROMEO:
-Come hither, man. I see that thou art poor:
-Hold, there is forty ducats: let me have
-A dram of poison, such soon-speeding gear
-As will disperse itself through all the veins
-That the life-weary taker may fall dead
-And that the trunk may be discharged of breath
-As violently as hasty powder fired
-Doth hurry from the fatal cannon's womb.
-
-Apothecary:
-Such mortal drugs I have; but Mantua's law
-Is death to any he that utters them.
-
-ROMEO:
-Art thou so bare and full of wretchedness,
-And fear'st to die? famine is in thy cheeks,
-Need and oppression starveth in thine eyes,
-Contempt and beggary hangs upon thy back;
-The world is not thy friend nor the world's law;
-The world affords no law to make thee rich;
-Then be not poor, but break it, and take this.
-
-Apothecary:
-My poverty, but not my will, consents.
-
-ROMEO:
-I pay thy poverty, and not thy will.
-
-Apothecary:
-Put this in any liquid thing you will,
-And drink it off; and, if you had the strength
-Of twenty men, it would dispatch you straight.
-
-ROMEO:
-There is thy gold, worse poison to men's souls,
-Doing more murders in this loathsome world,
-Than these poor compounds that thou mayst not sell.
-I sell thee poison; thou hast sold me none.
-Farewell: buy food, and get thyself in flesh.
-Come, cordial and not poison, go with me
-To Juliet's grave; for there must I use thee.
-
-FRIAR JOHN:
-Holy Franciscan friar! brother, ho!
-
-FRIAR LAURENCE:
-This same should be the voice of Friar John.
-Welcome from Mantua: what says Romeo?
-Or, if his mind be writ, give me his letter.
-
-FRIAR JOHN:
-Going to find a bare-foot brother out
-One of our order, to associate me,
-Here in this city visiting the sick,
-And finding him, the searchers of the town,
-Suspecting that we both were in a house
-Where the infectious pestilence did reign,
-Seal'd up the doors, and would not let us forth;
-So that my speed to Mantua there was stay'd.
-
-FRIAR LAURENCE:
-Who bare my letter, then, to Romeo?
-
-FRIAR JOHN:
-I could not send it,--here it is again,--
-Nor get a messenger to bring it thee,
-So fearful were they of infection.
-
-FRIAR LAURENCE:
-Unhappy fortune! by my brotherhood,
-The letter was not nice but full of charge
-Of dear import, and the neglecting it
-May do much danger. Friar John, go hence;
-Get me an iron crow, and bring it straight
-Unto my cell.
-
-FRIAR JOHN:
-Brother, I'll go and bring it thee.
-
-FRIAR LAURENCE:
-Now must I to the monument alone;
-Within three hours will fair Juliet wake:
-She will beshrew me much that Romeo
-Hath had no notice of these accidents;
-But I will write again to Mantua,
-And keep her at my cell till Romeo come;
-Poor living corse, closed in a dead man's tomb!
-
-PARIS:
-Give me thy torch, boy: hence, and stand aloof:
-Yet put it out, for I would not be seen.
-Under yond yew-trees lay thee all along,
-Holding thine ear close to the hollow ground;
-So shall no foot upon the churchyard tread,
-Being loose, unfirm, with digging up of graves,
-But thou shalt hear it: whistle then to me,
-As signal that thou hear'st something approach.
-Give me those flowers. Do as I bid thee, go.
-
-PARIS:
-Sweet flower, with flowers thy bridal bed I strew,--
-O woe! thy canopy is dust and stones;--
-Which with sweet water nightly I will dew,
-Or, wanting that, with tears distill'd by moans:
-The obsequies that I for thee will keep
-Nightly shall be to strew thy grave and weep.
-The boy gives warning something doth approach.
-What cursed foot wanders this way to-night,
-To cross my obsequies and true love's rite?
-What with a torch! muffle me, night, awhile.
-
-ROMEO:
-Give me that mattock and the wrenching iron.
-Hold, take this letter; early in the morning
-See thou deliver it to my lord and father.
-Give me the light: upon thy life, I charge thee,
-Whate'er thou hear'st or seest, stand all aloof,
-And do not interrupt me in my course.
-Why I descend into this bed of death,
-Is partly to behold my lady's face;
-But chiefly to take thence from her dead finger
-A precious ring, a ring that I must use
-In dear employment: therefore hence, be gone:
-But if thou, jealous, dost return to pry
-In what I further shall intend to do,
-By heaven, I will tear thee joint by joint
-And strew this hungry churchyard with thy limbs:
-The time and my intents are savage-wild,
-More fierce and more inexorable far
-Than empty tigers or the roaring sea.
-
-BALTHASAR:
-I will be gone, sir, and not trouble you.
-
-ROMEO:
-So shalt thou show me friendship. Take thou that:
-Live, and be prosperous: and farewell, good fellow.
-
-ROMEO:
-Thou detestable maw, thou womb of death,
-Gorged with the dearest morsel of the earth,
-Thus I enforce thy rotten jaws to open,
-And, in despite, I'll cram thee with more food!
-
-PARIS:
-This is that banish'd haughty Montague,
-That murder'd my love's cousin, with which grief,
-It is supposed, the fair creature died;
-And here is come to do some villanous shame
-To the dead bodies: I will apprehend him.
-Stop thy unhallow'd toil, vile Montague!
-Can vengeance be pursued further than death?
-Condemned villain, I do apprehend thee:
-Obey, and go with me; for thou must die.
-
-ROMEO:
-I must indeed; and therefore came I hither.
-Good gentle youth, tempt not a desperate man;
-Fly hence, and leave me: think upon these gone;
-Let them affright thee. I beseech thee, youth,
-Put not another sin upon my head,
-By urging me to fury: O, be gone!
-By heaven, I love thee better than myself;
-For I come hither arm'd against myself:
-Stay not, be gone; live, and hereafter say,
-A madman's mercy bade thee run away.
-
-PARIS:
-I do defy thy conjurations,
-And apprehend thee for a felon here.
-
-ROMEO:
-Wilt thou provoke me? then have at thee, boy!
-
-PAGE:
-O Lord, they fight! I will go call the watch.
-
-PARIS:
-O, I am slain!
-If thou be merciful,
-Open the tomb, lay me with Juliet.
-
-ROMEO:
-In faith, I will. Let me peruse this face.
-Mercutio's kinsman, noble County Paris!
-What said my man, when my betossed soul
-Did not attend him as we rode? I think
-He told me Paris should have married Juliet:
-Said he not so? or did I dream it so?
-Or am I mad, hearing him talk of Juliet,
-To think it was so? O, give me thy hand,
-One writ with me in sour misfortune's book!
-I'll bury thee in a triumphant grave;
-A grave? O no! a lantern, slaughter'd youth,
-For here lies Juliet, and her beauty makes
-This vault a feasting presence full of light.
-Death, lie thou there, by a dead man interr'd.
-How oft when men are at the point of death
-Have they been merry! which their keepers call
-A lightning before death: O, how may I
-Call this a lightning? O my love! my wife!
-Death, that hath suck'd the honey of thy breath,
-Hath had no power yet upon thy beauty:
-Thou art not conquer'd; beauty's ensign yet
-Is crimson in thy lips and in thy cheeks,
-And death's pale flag is not advanced there.
-Tybalt, liest thou there in thy bloody sheet?
-O, what more favour can I do to thee,
-Than with that hand that cut thy youth in twain
-To sunder his that was thine enemy?
-Forgive me, cousin! Ah, dear Juliet,
-Why art thou yet so fair? shall I believe
-That unsubstantial death is amorous,
-And that the lean abhorred monster keeps
-Thee here in dark to be his paramour?
-For fear of that, I still will stay with thee;
-And never from this palace of dim night
-Depart again: here, here will I remain
-With worms that are thy chamber-maids; O, here
-Will I set up my everlasting rest,
-And shake the yoke of inauspicious stars
-From this world-wearied flesh. Eyes, look your last!
-Arms, take your last embrace! and, lips, O you
-The doors of breath, seal with a righteous kiss
-A dateless bargain to engrossing death!
-Come, bitter conduct, come, unsavoury guide!
-Thou desperate pilot, now at once run on
-The dashing rocks thy sea-sick weary bark!
-Here's to my love!
-O true apothecary!
-Thy drugs are quick. Thus with a kiss I die.
-
-FRIAR LAURENCE:
-Saint Francis be my speed! how oft to-night
-Have my old feet stumbled at graves! Who's there?
-
-BALTHASAR:
-Here's one, a friend, and one that knows you well.
-
-FRIAR LAURENCE:
-Bliss be upon you! Tell me, good my friend,
-What torch is yond, that vainly lends his light
-To grubs and eyeless skulls? as I discern,
-It burneth in the Capel's monument.
-
-BALTHASAR:
-It doth so, holy sir; and there's my master,
-One that you love.
-
-FRIAR LAURENCE:
-Who is it?
-
-BALTHASAR:
-Romeo.
-
-FRIAR LAURENCE:
-How long hath he been there?
-
-BALTHASAR:
-Full half an hour.
-
-FRIAR LAURENCE:
-Go with me to the vault.
-
-BALTHASAR:
-I dare not, sir
-My master knows not but I am gone hence;
-And fearfully did menace me with death,
-If I did stay to look on his intents.
-
-FRIAR LAURENCE:
-Stay, then; I'll go alone. Fear comes upon me:
-O, much I fear some ill unlucky thing.
-
-BALTHASAR:
-As I did sleep under this yew-tree here,
-I dreamt my master and another fought,
-And that my master slew him.
-
-FRIAR LAURENCE:
-Romeo!
-Alack, alack, what blood is this, which stains
-The stony entrance of this sepulchre?
-What mean these masterless and gory swords
-To lie discolour'd by this place of peace?
-Romeo! O, pale! Who else? what, Paris too?
-And steep'd in blood? Ah, what an unkind hour
-Is guilty of this lamentable chance!
-The lady stirs.
-
-JULIET:
-O comfortable friar! where is my lord?
-I do remember well where I should be,
-And there I am. Where is my Romeo?
-
-FRIAR LAURENCE:
-I hear some noise. Lady, come from that nest
-Of death, contagion, and unnatural sleep:
-A greater power than we can contradict
-Hath thwarted our intents. Come, come away.
-Thy husband in thy bosom there lies dead;
-And Paris too. Come, I'll dispose of thee
-Among a sisterhood of holy nuns:
-Stay not to question, for the watch is coming;
-Come, go, good Juliet,
-I dare no longer stay.
-
-JULIET:
-Go, get thee hence, for I will not away.
-What's here? a cup, closed in my true love's hand?
-Poison, I see, hath been his timeless end:
-O churl! drunk all, and left no friendly drop
-To help me after? I will kiss thy lips;
-Haply some poison yet doth hang on them,
-To make die with a restorative.
-Thy lips are warm.
-
-JULIET:
-Yea, noise? then I'll be brief. O happy dagger!
-This is thy sheath;
-there rust, and let me die.
-
-PAGE:
-This is the place; there, where the torch doth burn.
-
-First Watchman:
-The ground is bloody; search about the churchyard:
-Go, some of you, whoe'er you find attach.
-Pitiful sight! here lies the county slain,
-And Juliet bleeding, warm, and newly dead,
-Who here hath lain these two days buried.
-Go, tell the prince: run to the Capulets:
-Raise up the Montagues: some others search:
-We see the ground whereon these woes do lie;
-But the true ground of all these piteous woes
-We cannot without circumstance descry.
-
-Second Watchman:
-Here's Romeo's man; we found him in the churchyard.
-
-First Watchman:
-Hold him in safety, till the prince come hither.
-
-Third Watchman:
-Here is a friar, that trembles, sighs and weeps:
-We took this mattock and this spade from him,
-As he was coming from this churchyard side.
-
-First Watchman:
-A great suspicion: stay the friar too.
-
-PRINCE:
-What misadventure is so early up,
-That calls our person from our morning's rest?
-
-CAPULET:
-What should it be, that they so shriek abroad?
-
-LADY CAPULET:
-The people in the street cry Romeo,
-Some Juliet, and some Paris; and all run,
-With open outcry toward our monument.
-
-PRINCE:
-What fear is this which startles in our ears?
-
-First Watchman:
-Sovereign, here lies the County Paris slain;
-And Romeo dead; and Juliet, dead before,
-Warm and new kill'd.
-
-PRINCE:
-Search, seek, and know how this foul murder comes.
-
-First Watchman:
-Here is a friar, and slaughter'd Romeo's man;
-With instruments upon them, fit to open
-These dead men's tombs.
-
-CAPULET:
-O heavens! O wife, look how our daughter bleeds!
-This dagger hath mista'en--for, lo, his house
-Is empty on the back of Montague,--
-And it mis-sheathed in my daughter's bosom!
-
-LADY CAPULET:
-O me! this sight of death is as a bell,
-That warns my old age to a sepulchre.
-
-PRINCE:
-Come, Montague; for thou art early up,
-To see thy son and heir more early down.
-
-MONTAGUE:
-Alas, my liege, my wife is dead to-night;
-Grief of my son's exile hath stopp'd her breath:
-What further woe conspires against mine age?
-
-PRINCE:
-Look, and thou shalt see.
-
-MONTAGUE:
-O thou untaught! what manners is in this?
-To press before thy father to a grave?
-
-PRINCE:
-Seal up the mouth of outrage for a while,
-Till we can clear these ambiguities,
-And know their spring, their head, their
-true descent;
-And then will I be general of your woes,
-And lead you even to death: meantime forbear,
-And let mischance be slave to patience.
-Bring forth the parties of suspicion.
-
-FRIAR LAURENCE:
-I am the greatest, able to do least,
-Yet most suspected, as the time and place
-Doth make against me of this direful murder;
-And here I stand, both to impeach and purge
-Myself condemned and myself excused.
-
-PRINCE:
-Then say at once what thou dost know in this.
-
-FRIAR LAURENCE:
-I will be brief, for my short date of breath
-Is not so long as is a tedious tale.
-Romeo, there dead, was husband to that Juliet;
-And she, there dead, that Romeo's faithful wife:
-I married them; and their stol'n marriage-day
-Was Tybalt's dooms-day, whose untimely death
-Banish'd the new-made bridegroom from the city,
-For whom, and not for Tybalt, Juliet pined.
-You, to remove that siege of grief from her,
-Betroth'd and would have married her perforce
-To County Paris: then comes she to me,
-And, with wild looks, bid me devise some mean
-To rid her from this second marriage,
-Or in my cell there would she kill herself.
-Then gave I her, so tutor'd by my art,
-A sleeping potion; which so took effect
-As I intended, for it wrought on her
-The form of death: meantime I writ to Romeo,
-That he should hither come as this dire night,
-To help to take her from her borrow'd grave,
-Being the time the potion's force should cease.
-But he which bore my letter, Friar John,
-Was stay'd by accident, and yesternight
-Return'd my letter back. Then all alone
-At the prefixed hour of her waking,
-Came I to take her from her kindred's vault;
-Meaning to keep her closely at my cell,
-Till I conveniently could send to Romeo:
-But when I came, some minute ere the time
-Of her awaking, here untimely lay
-The noble Paris and true Romeo dead.
-She wakes; and I entreated her come forth,
-And bear this work of heaven with patience:
-But then a noise did scare me from the tomb;
-And she, too desperate, would not go with me,
-But, as it seems, did violence on herself.
-All this I know; and to the marriage
-Her nurse is privy: and, if aught in this
-Miscarried by my fault, let my old life
-Be sacrificed, some hour before his time,
-Unto the rigour of severest law.
-
-PRINCE:
-We still have known thee for a holy man.
-Where's Romeo's man? what can he say in this?
-
-BALTHASAR:
-I brought my master news of Juliet's death;
-And then in post he came from Mantua
-To this same place, to this same monument.
-This letter he early bid me give his father,
-And threatened me with death, going in the vault,
-I departed not and left him there.
-
-PRINCE:
-Give me the letter; I will look on it.
-Where is the county's page, that raised the watch?
-Sirrah, what made your master in this place?
-
-PAGE:
-He came with flowers to strew his lady's grave;
-And bid me stand aloof, and so I did:
-Anon comes one with light to ope the tomb;
-And by and by my master drew on him;
-And then I ran away to call the watch.
-
-PRINCE:
-This letter doth make good the friar's words,
-Their course of love, the tidings of her death:
-And here he writes that he did buy a poison
-Of a poor 'pothecary, and therewithal
-Came to this vault to die, and lie with Juliet.
-Where be these enemies? Capulet! Montague!
-See, what a scourge is laid upon your hate,
-That heaven finds means to kill your joys with love.
-And I for winking at your discords too
-Have lost a brace of kinsmen: all are punish'd.
-
-CAPULET:
-O brother Montague, give me thy hand:
-This is my daughter's jointure, for no more
-Can I demand.
-
-MONTAGUE:
-But I can give thee more:
-For I will raise her statue in pure gold;
-That while Verona by that name is known,
-There shall no figure at such rate be set
-As that of true and faithful Juliet.
-
-CAPULET:
-As rich shall Romeo's by his lady's lie;
-Poor sacrifices of our enmity!
-
-PRINCE:
-A glooming peace this morning with it brings;
-The sun, for sorrow, will not show his head:
-Go hence, to have more talk of these sad things;
-Some shall be pardon'd, and some punished:
-For never was a story of more woe
-Than this of Juliet and her Romeo.
-
-WARWICK:
-I wonder how the king escaped our hands.
-
-YORK:
-While we pursued the horsemen of the north,
-He slily stole away and left his men:
-Whereat the great Lord of Northumberland,
-Whose warlike ears could never brook retreat,
-Cheer'd up the drooping army; and himself,
-Lord Clifford and Lord Stafford, all abreast,
-Charged our main battle's front, and breaking in
-Were by the swords of common soldiers slain.
-
-EDWARD:
-Lord Stafford's father, Duke of Buckingham,
-Is either slain or wounded dangerously;
-I cleft his beaver with a downright blow:
-That this is true, father, behold his blood.
-
-MONTAGUE:
-And, brother, here's the Earl of Wiltshire's blood,
-Whom I encounter'd as the battles join'd.
-
-RICHARD:
-Speak thou for me and tell them what I did.
-
-YORK:
-Richard hath best deserved of all my sons.
-But is your grace dead, my Lord of Somerset?
-
-NORFOLK:
-Such hope have all the line of John of Gaunt!
-
-RICHARD:
-Thus do I hope to shake King Henry's head.
-
-WARWICK:
-And so do I. Victorious Prince of York,
-Before I see thee seated in that throne
-Which now the house of Lancaster usurps,
-I vow by heaven these eyes shall never close.
-This is the palace of the fearful king,
-And this the regal seat: possess it, York;
-For this is thine and not King Henry's heirs'
-
-YORK:
-Assist me, then, sweet Warwick, and I will;
-For hither we have broken in by force.
-
-NORFOLK:
-We'll all assist you; he that flies shall die.
-
-YORK:
-Thanks, gentle Norfolk: stay by me, my lords;
-And, soldiers, stay and lodge by me this night.
-
-WARWICK:
-And when the king comes, offer no violence,
-Unless he seek to thrust you out perforce.
-
-YORK:
-The queen this day here holds her parliament,
-But little thinks we shall be of her council:
-By words or blows here let us win our right.
-
-RICHARD:
-Arm'd as we are, let's stay within this house.
-
-WARWICK:
-The bloody parliament shall this be call'd,
-Unless Plantagenet, Duke of York, be king,
-And bashful Henry deposed, whose cowardice
-Hath made us by-words to our enemies.
-
-YORK:
-Then leave me not, my lords; be resolute;
-I mean to take possession of my right.
-
-WARWICK:
-Neither the king, nor he that loves him best,
-The proudest he that holds up Lancaster,
-Dares stir a wing, if Warwick shake his bells.
-I'll plant Plantagenet, root him up who dares:
-Resolve thee, Richard; claim the English crown.
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-My lords, look where the sturdy rebel sits,
-Even in the chair of state: belike he means,
-Back'd by the power of Warwick, that false peer,
-To aspire unto the crown and reign as king.
-Earl of Northumberland, he slew thy father.
-And thine, Lord Clifford; and you both have vow'd revenge
-On him, his sons, his favourites and his friends.
-
-NORTHUMBERLAND:
-If I be not, heavens be revenged on me!
-
-CLIFFORD:
-The hope thereof makes Clifford mourn in steel.
-
-WESTMORELAND:
-What, shall we suffer this? let's pluck him down:
-My heart for anger burns; I cannot brook it.
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-Be patient, gentle Earl of Westmoreland.
-
-CLIFFORD:
-Patience is for poltroons, such as he:
-He durst not sit there, had your father lived.
-My gracious lord, here in the parliament
-Let us assail the family of York.
-
-NORTHUMBERLAND:
-Well hast thou spoken, cousin: be it so.
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-Ah, know you not the city favours them,
-And they have troops of soldiers at their beck?
-
-EXETER:
-But when the duke is slain, they'll quickly fly.
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-Far be the thought of this from Henry's heart,
-To make a shambles of the parliament-house!
-Cousin of Exeter, frowns, words and threats
-Shall be the war that Henry means to use.
-Thou factious Duke of York, descend my throne,
-and kneel for grace and mercy at my feet;
-I am thy sovereign.
-
-YORK:
-I am thine.
-
-EXETER:
-For shame, come down: he made thee Duke of York.
-
-YORK:
-'Twas my inheritance, as the earldom was.
-
-EXETER:
-Thy father was a traitor to the crown.
-
-WARWICK:
-Exeter, thou art a traitor to the crown
-In following this usurping Henry.
-
-CLIFFORD:
-Whom should he follow but his natural king?
-
-WARWICK:
-True, Clifford; and that's Richard Duke of York.
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-And shall I stand, and thou sit in my throne?
-
-YORK:
-It must and shall be so: content thyself.
-
-WARWICK:
-Be Duke of Lancaster; let him be king.
-
-WESTMORELAND:
-He is both king and Duke of Lancaster;
-And that the Lord of Westmoreland shall maintain.
-
-WARWICK:
-And Warwick shall disprove it. You forget
-That we are those which chased you from the field
-And slew your fathers, and with colours spread
-March'd through the city to the palace gates.
-
-NORTHUMBERLAND:
-Yes, Warwick, I remember it to my grief;
-And, by his soul, thou and thy house shall rue it.
-
-WESTMORELAND:
-Plantagenet, of thee and these thy sons,
-Thy kinsman and thy friends, I'll have more lives
-Than drops of blood were in my father's veins.
-
-CLIFFORD:
-Urge it no more; lest that, instead of words,
-I send thee, Warwick, such a messenger
-As shall revenge his death before I stir.
-
-WARWICK:
-Poor Clifford! how I scorn his worthless threats!
-
-YORK:
-Will you we show our title to the crown?
-If not, our swords shall plead it in the field.
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-What title hast thou, traitor, to the crown?
-Thy father was, as thou art, Duke of York;
-Thy grandfather, Roger Mortimer, Earl of March:
-I am the son of Henry the Fifth,
-Who made the Dauphin and the French to stoop
-And seized upon their towns and provinces.
-
-WARWICK:
-Talk not of France, sith thou hast lost it all.
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-The lord protector lost it, and not I:
-When I was crown'd I was but nine months old.
-
-RICHARD:
-You are old enough now, and yet, methinks, you lose.
-Father, tear the crown from the usurper's head.
-
-EDWARD:
-Sweet father, do so; set it on your head.
-
-MONTAGUE:
-Good brother, as thou lovest and honourest arms,
-Let's fight it out and not stand cavilling thus.
-
-RICHARD:
-Sound drums and trumpets, and the king will fly.
-
-YORK:
-Sons, peace!
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-Peace, thou! and give King Henry leave to speak.
-
-WARWICK:
-Plantagenet shall speak first: hear him, lords;
-And be you silent and attentive too,
-For he that interrupts him shall not live.
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-Think'st thou that I will leave my kingly throne,
-Wherein my grandsire and my father sat?
-No: first shall war unpeople this my realm;
-Ay, and their colours, often borne in France,
-And now in England to our heart's great sorrow,
-Shall be my winding-sheet. Why faint you, lords?
-My title's good, and better far than his.
-
-WARWICK:
-Prove it, Henry, and thou shalt be king.
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-Henry the Fourth by conquest got the crown.
-
-YORK:
-'Twas by rebellion against his king.
-
-YORK:
-What then?
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-An if he may, then am I lawful king;
-For Richard, in the view of many lords,
-Resign'd the crown to Henry the Fourth,
-Whose heir my father was, and I am his.
-
-YORK:
-He rose against him, being his sovereign,
-And made him to resign his crown perforce.
-
-WARWICK:
-Suppose, my lords, he did it unconstrain'd,
-Think you 'twere prejudicial to his crown?
-
-EXETER:
-No; for he could not so resign his crown
-But that the next heir should succeed and reign.
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-Art thou against us, Duke of Exeter?
-
-EXETER:
-His is the right, and therefore pardon me.
-
-YORK:
-Why whisper you, my lords, and answer not?
-
-EXETER:
-My conscience tells me he is lawful king.
-
-NORTHUMBERLAND:
-Plantagenet, for all the claim thou lay'st,
-Think not that Henry shall be so deposed.
-
-WARWICK:
-Deposed he shall be, in despite of all.
-
-NORTHUMBERLAND:
-Thou art deceived: 'tis not thy southern power,
-Of Essex, Norfolk, Suffolk, nor of Kent,
-Which makes thee thus presumptuous and proud,
-Can set the duke up in despite of me.
-
-CLIFFORD:
-King Henry, be thy title right or wrong,
-Lord Clifford vows to fight in thy defence:
-May that ground gape and swallow me alive,
-Where I shall kneel to him that slew my father!
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-O Clifford, how thy words revive my heart!
-
-YORK:
-Henry of Lancaster, resign thy crown.
-What mutter you, or what conspire you, lords?
-
-WARWICK:
-Do right unto this princely Duke of York,
-Or I will fill the house with armed men,
-And over the chair of state, where now he sits,
-Write up his title with usurping blood.
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-My Lord of Warwick, hear me but one word:
-Let me for this my life-time reign as king.
-
-YORK:
-Confirm the crown to me and to mine heirs,
-And thou shalt reign in quiet while thou livest.
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-I am content: Richard Plantagenet,
-Enjoy the kingdom after my decease.
-
-CLIFFORD:
-What wrong is this unto the prince your son!
-
-WARWICK:
-What good is this to England and himself!
-
-WESTMORELAND:
-Base, fearful and despairing Henry!
-
-CLIFFORD:
-How hast thou injured both thyself and us!
-
-WESTMORELAND:
-I cannot stay to hear these articles.
-
-NORTHUMBERLAND:
-Nor I.
-
-CLIFFORD:
-Come, cousin, let us tell the queen these news.
-
-WESTMORELAND:
-Farewell, faint-hearted and degenerate king,
-In whose cold blood no spark of honour bides.
-
-NORTHUMBERLAND:
-Be thou a prey unto the house of York,
-And die in bands for this unmanly deed!
-
-CLIFFORD:
-In dreadful war mayst thou be overcome,
-Or live in peace abandon'd and despised!
-
-WARWICK:
-Turn this way, Henry, and regard them not.
-
-EXETER:
-They seek revenge and therefore will not yield.
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-Ah, Exeter!
-
-WARWICK:
-Why should you sigh, my lord?
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-Not for myself, Lord Warwick, but my son,
-Whom I unnaturally shall disinherit.
-But be it as it may: I here entail
-The crown to thee and to thine heirs for ever;
-Conditionally, that here thou take an oath
-To cease this civil war, and, whilst I live,
-To honour me as thy king and sovereign,
-And neither by treason nor hostility
-To seek to put me down and reign thyself.
-
-YORK:
-This oath I willingly take and will perform.
-
-WARWICK:
-Long live King Henry! Plantagenet embrace him.
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-And long live thou and these thy forward sons!
-
-YORK:
-Now York and Lancaster are reconciled.
-
-EXETER:
-Accursed be he that seeks to make them foes!
-
-YORK:
-Farewell, my gracious lord; I'll to my castle.
-
-WARWICK:
-And I'll keep London with my soldiers.
-
-NORFOLK:
-And I to Norfolk with my followers.
-
-MONTAGUE:
-And I unto the sea from whence I came.
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-And I, with grief and sorrow, to the court.
-
-EXETER:
-Here comes the queen, whose looks bewray her anger:
-I'll steal away.
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-Exeter, so will I.
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-Nay, go not from me; I will follow thee.
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-Be patient, gentle queen, and I will stay.
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-Who can be patient in such extremes?
-Ah, wretched man! would I had died a maid
-And never seen thee, never borne thee son,
-Seeing thou hast proved so unnatural a father
-Hath he deserved to lose his birthright thus?
-Hadst thou but loved him half so well as I,
-Or felt that pain which I did for him once,
-Or nourish'd him as I did with my blood,
-Thou wouldst have left thy dearest heart-blood there,
-Rather than have that savage duke thine heir
-And disinherited thine only son.
-
-PRINCE EDWARD:
-Father, you cannot disinherit me:
-If you be king, why should not I succeed?
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-Pardon me, Margaret; pardon me, sweet son:
-The Earl of Warwick and the duke enforced me.
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-Enforced thee! art thou king, and wilt be forced?
-I shame to hear thee speak. Ah, timorous wretch!
-Thou hast undone thyself, thy son and me;
-And given unto the house of York such head
-As thou shalt reign but by their sufferance.
-To entail him and his heirs unto the crown,
-What is it, but to make thy sepulchre
-And creep into it far before thy time?
-Warwick is chancellor and the lord of Calais;
-Stern Falconbridge commands the narrow seas;
-The duke is made protector of the realm;
-And yet shalt thou be safe? such safety finds
-The trembling lamb environed with wolves.
-Had I been there, which am a silly woman,
-The soldiers should have toss'd me on their pikes
-Before I would have granted to that act.
-But thou preferr'st thy life before thine honour:
-And seeing thou dost, I here divorce myself
-Both from thy table, Henry, and thy bed,
-Until that act of parliament be repeal'd
-Whereby my son is disinherited.
-The northern lords that have forsworn thy colours
-Will follow mine, if once they see them spread;
-And spread they shall be, to thy foul disgrace
-And utter ruin of the house of York.
-Thus do I leave thee. Come, son, let's away;
-Our army is ready; come, we'll after them.
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-Stay, gentle Margaret, and hear me speak.
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-Thou hast spoke too much already: get thee gone.
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-Gentle son Edward, thou wilt stay with me?
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-Ay, to be murder'd by his enemies.
-
-PRINCE EDWARD:
-When I return with victory from the field
-I'll see your grace: till then I'll follow her.
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-Come, son, away; we may not linger thus.
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-Poor queen! how love to me and to her son
-Hath made her break out into terms of rage!
-Revenged may she be on that hateful duke,
-Whose haughty spirit, winged with desire,
-Will cost my crown, and like an empty eagle
-Tire on the flesh of me and of my son!
-The loss of those three lords torments my heart:
-I'll write unto them and entreat them fair.
-Come, cousin you shall be the messenger.
-
-EXETER:
-And I, I hope, shall reconcile them all.
-3 KING HENRY VI
-
-RICHARD:
-Brother, though I be youngest, give me leave.
-
-EDWARD:
-No, I can better play the orator.
-
-MONTAGUE:
-But I have reasons strong and forcible.
-
-YORK:
-Why, how now, sons and brother! at a strife?
-What is your quarrel? how began it first?
-
-EDWARD:
-No quarrel, but a slight contention.
-
-YORK:
-About what?
-
-RICHARD:
-About that which concerns your grace and us;
-The crown of England, father, which is yours.
-
-YORK:
-Mine boy? not till King Henry be dead.
-
-RICHARD:
-Your right depends not on his life or death.
-
-EDWARD:
-Now you are heir, therefore enjoy it now:
-By giving the house of Lancaster leave to breathe,
-It will outrun you, father, in the end.
-
-YORK:
-I took an oath that he should quietly reign.
-
-EDWARD:
-But for a kingdom any oath may be broken:
-I would break a thousand oaths to reign one year.
-
-RICHARD:
-No; God forbid your grace should be forsworn.
-
-YORK:
-I shall be, if I claim by open war.
-
-RICHARD:
-I'll prove the contrary, if you'll hear me speak.
-
-YORK:
-Thou canst not, son; it is impossible.
-
-RICHARD:
-An oath is of no moment, being not took
-Before a true and lawful magistrate,
-That hath authority over him that swears:
-Henry had none, but did usurp the place;
-Then, seeing 'twas he that made you to depose,
-Your oath, my lord, is vain and frivolous.
-Therefore, to arms! And, father, do but think
-How sweet a thing it is to wear a crown;
-Within whose circuit is Elysium
-And all that poets feign of bliss and joy.
-Why do we finger thus? I cannot rest
-Until the white rose that I wear be dyed
-Even in the lukewarm blood of Henry's heart.
-
-YORK:
-Richard, enough; I will be king, or die.
-Brother, thou shalt to London presently,
-And whet on Warwick to this enterprise.
-Thou, Richard, shalt to the Duke of Norfolk,
-And tell him privily of our intent.
-You Edward, shall unto my Lord Cobham,
-With whom the Kentishmen will willingly rise:
-In them I trust; for they are soldiers,
-Witty, courteous, liberal, full of spirit.
-While you are thus employ'd, what resteth more,
-But that I seek occasion how to rise,
-And yet the king not privy to my drift,
-Nor any of the house of Lancaster?
-But, stay: what news? Why comest thou in such post?
-
-Messenger:
-The queen with all the northern earls and lords
-Intend here to besiege you in your castle:
-She is hard by with twenty thousand men;
-And therefore fortify your hold, my lord.
-
-YORK:
-Ay, with my sword. What! think'st thou that we fear them?
-Edward and Richard, you shall stay with me;
-My brother Montague shall post to London:
-Let noble Warwick, Cobham, and the rest,
-Whom we have left protectors of the king,
-With powerful policy strengthen themselves,
-And trust not simple Henry nor his oaths.
-
-MONTAGUE:
-Brother, I go; I'll win them, fear it not:
-And thus most humbly I do take my leave.
-Sir John and Sir Hugh Mortimer, mine uncles,
-You are come to Sandal in a happy hour;
-The army of the queen mean to besiege us.
-
-JOHN MORTIMER:
-She shall not need; we'll meet her in the field.
-
-YORK:
-What, with five thousand men?
-
-RICHARD:
-Ay, with five hundred, father, for a need:
-A woman's general; what should we fear?
-
-EDWARD:
-I hear their drums: let's set our men in order,
-And issue forth and bid them battle straight.
-
-YORK:
-Five men to twenty! though the odds be great,
-I doubt not, uncle, of our victory.
-Many a battle have I won in France,
-When as the enemy hath been ten to one:
-Why should I not now have the like success?
-3 KING HENRY VI
-
-RUTLAND:
-Ah, whither shall I fly to 'scape their hands?
-Ah, tutor, look where bloody Clifford comes!
-
-CLIFFORD:
-Chaplain, away! thy priesthood saves thy life.
-As for the brat of this accursed duke,
-Whose father slew my father, he shall die.
-
-Tutor:
-And I, my lord, will bear him company.
-
-CLIFFORD:
-Soldiers, away with him!
-
-Tutor:
-Ah, Clifford, murder not this innocent child,
-Lest thou be hated both of God and man!
-
-CLIFFORD:
-How now! is he dead already? or is it fear
-That makes him close his eyes? I'll open them.
-
-RUTLAND:
-So looks the pent-up lion o'er the wretch
-That trembles under his devouring paws;
-And so he walks, insulting o'er his prey,
-And so he comes, to rend his limbs asunder.
-Ah, gentle Clifford, kill me with thy sword,
-And not with such a cruel threatening look.
-Sweet Clifford, hear me speak before I die.
-I am too mean a subject for thy wrath:
-Be thou revenged on men, and let me live.
-
-CLIFFORD:
-In vain thou speak'st, poor boy; my father's blood
-Hath stopp'd the passage where thy words should enter.
-
-RUTLAND:
-Then let my father's blood open it again:
-He is a man, and, Clifford, cope with him.
-
-CLIFFORD:
-Had thy brethren here, their lives and thine
-Were not revenge sufficient for me;
-No, if I digg'd up thy forefathers' graves
-And hung their rotten coffins up in chains,
-It could not slake mine ire, nor ease my heart.
-The sight of any of the house of York
-Is as a fury to torment my soul;
-And till I root out their accursed line
-And leave not one alive, I live in hell.
-Therefore--
-
-RUTLAND:
-O, let me pray before I take my death!
-To thee I pray; sweet Clifford, pity me!
-
-CLIFFORD:
-Such pity as my rapier's point affords.
-
-RUTLAND:
-I never did thee harm: why wilt thou slay me?
-
-CLIFFORD:
-Thy father hath.
-
-RUTLAND:
-But 'twas ere I was born.
-Thou hast one son; for his sake pity me,
-Lest in revenge thereof, sith God is just,
-He be as miserably slain as I.
-Ah, let me live in prison all my days;
-And when I give occasion of offence,
-Then let me die, for now thou hast no cause.
-
-CLIFFORD:
-No cause!
-Thy father slew my father; therefore, die.
-
-RUTLAND:
-Di faciant laudis summa sit ista tuae!
-
-CLIFFORD:
-Plantagenet! I come, Plantagenet!
-And this thy son's blood cleaving to my blade
-Shall rust upon my weapon, till thy blood,
-Congeal'd with this, do make me wipe off both.
-3 KING HENRY VI
-
-YORK:
-The army of the queen hath got the field:
-My uncles both are slain in rescuing me;
-And all my followers to the eager foe
-Turn back and fly, like ships before the wind
-Or lambs pursued by hunger-starved wolves.
-My sons, God knows what hath bechanced them:
-But this I know, they have demean'd themselves
-Like men born to renown by life or death.
-Three times did Richard make a lane to me.
-And thrice cried 'Courage, father! fight it out!'
-And full as oft came Edward to my side,
-With purple falchion, painted to the hilt
-In blood of those that had encounter'd him:
-And when the hardiest warriors did retire,
-Richard cried 'Charge! and give no foot of ground!'
-And cried 'A crown, or else a glorious tomb!
-A sceptre, or an earthly sepulchre!'
-With this, we charged again: but, out, alas!
-We bodged again; as I have seen a swan
-With bootless labour swim against the tide
-And spend her strength with over-matching waves.
-Ah, hark! the fatal followers do pursue;
-And I am faint and cannot fly their fury:
-And were I strong, I would not shun their fury:
-The sands are number'd that make up my life;
-Here must I stay, and here my life must end.
-Come, bloody Clifford, rough Northumberland,
-I dare your quenchless fury to more rage:
-I am your butt, and I abide your shot.
-
-NORTHUMBERLAND:
-Yield to our mercy, proud Plantagenet.
-
-CLIFFORD:
-Ay, to such mercy as his ruthless arm,
-With downright payment, show'd unto my father.
-Now Phaethon hath tumbled from his car,
-And made an evening at the noontide prick.
-
-YORK:
-My ashes, as the phoenix, may bring forth
-A bird that will revenge upon you all:
-And in that hope I throw mine eyes to heaven,
-Scorning whate'er you can afflict me with.
-Why come you not? what! multitudes, and fear?
-
-CLIFFORD:
-So cowards fight when they can fly no further;
-So doves do peck the falcon's piercing talons;
-So desperate thieves, all hopeless of their lives,
-Breathe out invectives 'gainst the officers.
-
-YORK:
-O Clifford, but bethink thee once again,
-And in thy thought o'er-run my former time;
-And, if though canst for blushing, view this face,
-And bite thy tongue, that slanders him with cowardice
-Whose frown hath made thee faint and fly ere this!
-
-CLIFFORD:
-I will not bandy with thee word for word,
-But buckle with thee blows, twice two for one.
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-Hold, valiant Clifford! for a thousand causes
-I would prolong awhile the traitor's life.
-Wrath makes him deaf: speak thou, Northumberland.
-
-NORTHUMBERLAND:
-Hold, Clifford! do not honour him so much
-To prick thy finger, though to wound his heart:
-What valour were it, when a cur doth grin,
-For one to thrust his hand between his teeth,
-When he might spurn him with his foot away?
-It is war's prize to take all vantages;
-And ten to one is no impeach of valour.
-
-CLIFFORD:
-Ay, ay, so strives the woodcock with the gin.
-
-NORTHUMBERLAND:
-So doth the cony struggle in the net.
-
-YORK:
-So triumph thieves upon their conquer'd booty;
-So true men yield, with robbers so o'ermatch'd.
-
-NORTHUMBERLAND:
-What would your grace have done unto him now?
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-Brave warriors, Clifford and Northumberland,
-Come, make him stand upon this molehill here,
-That raught at mountains with outstretched arms,
-Yet parted but the shadow with his hand.
-What! was it you that would be England's king?
-Was't you that revell'd in our parliament,
-And made a preachment of your high descent?
-Where are your mess of sons to back you now?
-The wanton Edward, and the lusty George?
-And where's that valiant crook-back prodigy,
-Dicky your boy, that with his grumbling voice
-Was wont to cheer his dad in mutinies?
-Or, with the rest, where is your darling Rutland?
-Look, York: I stain'd this napkin with the blood
-That valiant Clifford, with his rapier's point,
-Made issue from the bosom of the boy;
-And if thine eyes can water for his death,
-I give thee this to dry thy cheeks withal.
-Alas poor York! but that I hate thee deadly,
-I should lament thy miserable state.
-I prithee, grieve, to make me merry, York.
-What, hath thy fiery heart so parch'd thine entrails
-That not a tear can fall for Rutland's death?
-Why art thou patient, man? thou shouldst be mad;
-And I, to make thee mad, do mock thee thus.
-Stamp, rave, and fret, that I may sing and dance.
-Thou wouldst be fee'd, I see, to make me sport:
-York cannot speak, unless he wear a crown.
-A crown for York! and, lords, bow low to him:
-Hold you his hands, whilst I do set it on.
-Ay, marry, sir, now looks he like a king!
-Ay, this is he that took King Henry's chair,
-And this is he was his adopted heir.
-But how is it that great Plantagenet
-Is crown'd so soon, and broke his solemn oath?
-As I bethink me, you should not be king
-Till our King Henry had shook hands with death.
-And will you pale your head in Henry's glory,
-And rob his temples of the diadem,
-Now in his life, against your holy oath?
-O, 'tis a fault too too unpardonable!
-Off with the crown, and with the crown his head;
-And, whilst we breathe, take time to do him dead.
-
-CLIFFORD:
-That is my office, for my father's sake.
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-Nay, stay; lets hear the orisons he makes.
-
-YORK:
-She-wolf of France, but worse than wolves of France,
-Whose tongue more poisons than the adder's tooth!
-How ill-beseeming is it in thy sex
-To triumph, like an Amazonian trull,
-Upon their woes whom fortune captivates!
-But that thy face is, vizard-like, unchanging,
-Made impudent with use of evil deeds,
-I would assay, proud queen, to make thee blush.
-To tell thee whence thou camest, of whom derived,
-Were shame enough to shame thee, wert thou not shameless.
-Thy father bears the type of King of Naples,
-Of both the Sicils and Jerusalem,
-Yet not so wealthy as an English yeoman.
-Hath that poor monarch taught thee to insult?
-It needs not, nor it boots thee not, proud queen,
-Unless the adage must be verified,
-That beggars mounted run their horse to death.
-'Tis beauty that doth oft make women proud;
-But, God he knows, thy share thereof is small:
-'Tis virtue that doth make them most admired;
-The contrary doth make thee wonder'd at:
-'Tis government that makes them seem divine;
-The want thereof makes thee abominable:
-Thou art as opposite to every good
-As the Antipodes are unto us,
-Or as the south to the septentrion.
-O tiger's heart wrapt in a woman's hide!
-How couldst thou drain the life-blood of the child,
-To bid the father wipe his eyes withal,
-And yet be seen to bear a woman's face?
-Women are soft, mild, pitiful and flexible;
-Thou stern, obdurate, flinty, rough, remorseless.
-Bids't thou me rage? why, now thou hast thy wish:
-Wouldst have me weep? why, now thou hast thy will:
-For raging wind blows up incessant showers,
-And when the rage allays, the rain begins.
-These tears are my sweet Rutland's obsequies:
-And every drop cries vengeance for his death,
-'Gainst thee, fell Clifford, and thee, false
-Frenchwoman.
-
-NORTHUMBERLAND:
-Beshrew me, but his passion moves me so
-That hardly can I cheque my eyes from tears.
-
-YORK:
-That face of his the hungry cannibals
-Would not have touch'd, would not have stain'd with blood:
-But you are more inhuman, more inexorable,
-O, ten times more, than tigers of Hyrcania.
-See, ruthless queen, a hapless father's tears:
-This cloth thou dip'dst in blood of my sweet boy,
-And I with tears do wash the blood away.
-Keep thou the napkin, and go boast of this:
-And if thou tell'st the heavy story right,
-Upon my soul, the hearers will shed tears;
-Yea even my foes will shed fast-falling tears,
-And say 'Alas, it was a piteous deed!'
-There, take the crown, and, with the crown, my curse;
-And in thy need such comfort come to thee
-As now I reap at thy too cruel hand!
-Hard-hearted Clifford, take me from the world:
-My soul to heaven, my blood upon your heads!
-
-NORTHUMBERLAND:
-Had he been slaughter-man to all my kin,
-I should not for my life but weep with him.
-To see how inly sorrow gripes his soul.
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-What, weeping-ripe, my Lord Northumberland?
-Think but upon the wrong he did us all,
-And that will quickly dry thy melting tears.
-
-CLIFFORD:
-Here's for my oath, here's for my father's death.
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-And here's to right our gentle-hearted king.
-
-YORK:
-Open Thy gate of mercy, gracious God!
-My soul flies through these wounds to seek out Thee.
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-Off with his head, and set it on York gates;
-So York may overlook the town of York.
-3 KING HENRY VI
-
-EDWARD:
-I wonder how our princely father 'scaped,
-Or whether he be 'scaped away or no
-From Clifford's and Northumberland's pursuit:
-Had he been ta'en, we should have heard the news;
-Had he been slain, we should have heard the news;
-Or had he 'scaped, methinks we should have heard
-The happy tidings of his good escape.
-How fares my brother? why is he so sad?
-
-RICHARD:
-I cannot joy, until I be resolved
-Where our right valiant father is become.
-I saw him in the battle range about;
-And watch'd him how he singled Clifford forth.
-Methought he bore him in the thickest troop
-As doth a lion in a herd of neat;
-Or as a bear, encompass'd round with dogs,
-Who having pinch'd a few and made them cry,
-The rest stand all aloof, and bark at him.
-So fared our father with his enemies;
-So fled his enemies my warlike father:
-Methinks, 'tis prize enough to be his son.
-See how the morning opes her golden gates,
-And takes her farewell of the glorious sun!
-How well resembles it the prime of youth,
-Trimm'd like a younker prancing to his love!
-
-EDWARD:
-Dazzle mine eyes, or do I see three suns?
-
-RICHARD:
-Three glorious suns, each one a perfect sun;
-Not separated with the racking clouds,
-But sever'd in a pale clear-shining sky.
-See, see! they join, embrace, and seem to kiss,
-As if they vow'd some league inviolable:
-Now are they but one lamp, one light, one sun.
-In this the heaven figures some event.
-
-EDWARD:
-'Tis wondrous strange, the like yet never heard of.
-I think it cites us, brother, to the field,
-That we, the sons of brave Plantagenet,
-Each one already blazing by our meeds,
-Should notwithstanding join our lights together
-And over-shine the earth as this the world.
-Whate'er it bodes, henceforward will I bear
-Upon my target three fair-shining suns.
-
-RICHARD:
-Nay, bear three daughters: by your leave I speak it,
-You love the breeder better than the male.
-But what art thou, whose heavy looks foretell
-Some dreadful story hanging on thy tongue?
-
-Messenger:
-Ah, one that was a woful looker-on
-When as the noble Duke of York was slain,
-Your princely father and my loving lord!
-
-EDWARD:
-O, speak no more, for I have heard too much.
-
-RICHARD:
-Say how he died, for I will hear it all.
-
-Messenger:
-Environed he was with many foes,
-And stood against them, as the hope of Troy
-Against the Greeks that would have enter'd Troy.
-But Hercules himself must yield to odds;
-And many strokes, though with a little axe,
-Hew down and fell the hardest-timber'd oak.
-By many hands your father was subdued;
-But only slaughter'd by the ireful arm
-Of unrelenting Clifford and the queen,
-Who crown'd the gracious duke in high despite,
-Laugh'd in his face; and when with grief he wept,
-The ruthless queen gave him to dry his cheeks
-A napkin steeped in the harmless blood
-Of sweet young Rutland, by rough Clifford slain:
-And after many scorns, many foul taunts,
-They took his head, and on the gates of York
-They set the same; and there it doth remain,
-The saddest spectacle that e'er I view'd.
-
-EDWARD:
-Sweet Duke of York, our prop to lean upon,
-Now thou art gone, we have no staff, no stay.
-O Clifford, boisterous Clifford! thou hast slain
-The flower of Europe for his chivalry;
-And treacherously hast thou vanquish'd him,
-For hand to hand he would have vanquish'd thee.
-Now my soul's palace is become a prison:
-Ah, would she break from hence, that this my body
-Might in the ground be closed up in rest!
-For never henceforth shall I joy again,
-Never, O never shall I see more joy!
-
-RICHARD:
-I cannot weep; for all my body's moisture
-Scarce serves to quench my furnace-burning heart:
-Nor can my tongue unload my heart's great burthen;
-For selfsame wind that I should speak withal
-Is kindling coals that fires all my breast,
-And burns me up with flames that tears would quench.
-To weep is to make less the depth of grief:
-Tears then for babes; blows and revenge for me
-Richard, I bear thy name; I'll venge thy death,
-Or die renowned by attempting it.
-
-EDWARD:
-His name that valiant duke hath left with thee;
-His dukedom and his chair with me is left.
-
-RICHARD:
-Nay, if thou be that princely eagle's bird,
-Show thy descent by gazing 'gainst the sun:
-For chair and dukedom, throne and kingdom say;
-Either that is thine, or else thou wert not his.
-
-WARWICK:
-How now, fair lords! What fare? what news abroad?
-
-RICHARD:
-Great Lord of Warwick, if we should recount
-Our baleful news, and at each word's deliverance
-Stab poniards in our flesh till all were told,
-The words would add more anguish than the wounds.
-O valiant lord, the Duke of York is slain!
-
-EDWARD:
-O Warwick, Warwick! that Plantagenet,
-Which held three dearly as his soul's redemption,
-Is by the stern Lord Clifford done to death.
-
-WARWICK:
-Ten days ago I drown'd these news in tears;
-And now, to add more measure to your woes,
-I come to tell you things sith then befall'n.
-After the bloody fray at Wakefield fought,
-Where your brave father breathed his latest gasp,
-Tidings, as swiftly as the posts could run,
-Were brought me of your loss and his depart.
-I, then in London keeper of the king,
-Muster'd my soldiers, gather'd flocks of friends,
-And very well appointed, as I thought,
-March'd toward Saint Alban's to intercept the queen,
-Bearing the king in my behalf along;
-For by my scouts I was advertised
-That she was coming with a full intent
-To dash our late decree in parliament
-Touching King Henry's oath and your succession.
-Short tale to make, we at Saint Alban's met
-Our battles join'd, and both sides fiercely fought:
-But whether 'twas the coldness of the king,
-Who look'd full gently on his warlike queen,
-That robb'd my soldiers of their heated spleen;
-Or whether 'twas report of her success;
-Or more than common fear of Clifford's rigour,
-Who thunders to his captives blood and death,
-I cannot judge: but to conclude with truth,
-Their weapons like to lightning came and went;
-Our soldiers', like the night-owl's lazy flight,
-Or like an idle thresher with a flail,
-Fell gently down, as if they struck their friends.
-I cheer'd them up with justice of our cause,
-With promise of high pay and great rewards:
-But all in vain; they had no heart to fight,
-And we in them no hope to win the day;
-So that we fled; the king unto the queen;
-Lord George your brother, Norfolk and myself,
-In haste, post-haste, are come to join with you:
-For in the marches here we heard you were,
-Making another head to fight again.
-
-EDWARD:
-Where is the Duke of Norfolk, gentle Warwick?
-And when came George from Burgundy to England?
-
-WARWICK:
-Some six miles off the duke is with the soldiers;
-And for your brother, he was lately sent
-From your kind aunt, Duchess of Burgundy,
-With aid of soldiers to this needful war.
-
-RICHARD:
-'Twas odds, belike, when valiant Warwick fled:
-Oft have I heard his praises in pursuit,
-But ne'er till now his scandal of retire.
-
-WARWICK:
-Nor now my scandal, Richard, dost thou hear;
-For thou shalt know this strong right hand of mine
-Can pluck the diadem from faint Henry's head,
-And wring the awful sceptre from his fist,
-Were he as famous and as bold in war
-As he is famed for mildness, peace, and prayer.
-
-RICHARD:
-I know it well, Lord Warwick; blame me not:
-'Tis love I bear thy glories makes me speak.
-But in this troublous time what's to be done?
-Shall we go throw away our coats of steel,
-And wrap our bodies in black mourning gowns,
-Numbering our Ave-Maries with our beads?
-Or shall we on the helmets of our foes
-Tell our devotion with revengeful arms?
-If for the last, say ay, and to it, lords.
-
-WARWICK:
-Why, therefore Warwick came to seek you out;
-And therefore comes my brother Montague.
-Attend me, lords. The proud insulting queen,
-With Clifford and the haught Northumberland,
-And of their feather many more proud birds,
-Have wrought the easy-melting king like wax.
-He swore consent to your succession,
-His oath enrolled in the parliament;
-And now to London all the crew are gone,
-To frustrate both his oath and what beside
-May make against the house of Lancaster.
-Their power, I think, is thirty thousand strong:
-Now, if the help of Norfolk and myself,
-With all the friends that thou, brave Earl of March,
-Amongst the loving Welshmen canst procure,
-Will but amount to five and twenty thousand,
-Why, Via! to London will we march amain,
-And once again bestride our foaming steeds,
-And once again cry 'Charge upon our foes!'
-But never once again turn back and fly.
-
-RICHARD:
-Ay, now methinks I hear great Warwick speak:
-Ne'er may he live to see a sunshine day,
-That cries 'Retire,' if Warwick bid him stay.
-
-EDWARD:
-Lord Warwick, on thy shoulder will I lean;
-And when thou fail'st--as God forbid the hour!--
-Must Edward fall, which peril heaven forfend!
-
-WARWICK:
-No longer Earl of March, but Duke of York:
-The next degree is England's royal throne;
-For King of England shalt thou be proclaim'd
-In every borough as we pass along;
-And he that throws not up his cap for joy
-Shall for the fault make forfeit of his head.
-King Edward, valiant Richard, Montague,
-Stay we no longer, dreaming of renown,
-But sound the trumpets, and about our task.
-
-RICHARD:
-Then, Clifford, were thy heart as hard as steel,
-As thou hast shown it flinty by thy deeds,
-I come to pierce it, or to give thee mine.
-
-EDWARD:
-Then strike up drums: God and Saint George for us!
-
-WARWICK:
-How now! what news?
-
-Messenger:
-The Duke of Norfolk sends you word by me,
-The queen is coming with a puissant host;
-And craves your company for speedy counsel.
-
-WARWICK:
-Why then it sorts, brave warriors, let's away.
-3 KING HENRY VI
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-Welcome, my lord, to this brave town of York.
-Yonder's the head of that arch-enemy
-That sought to be encompass'd with your crown:
-Doth not the object cheer your heart, my lord?
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-Ay, as the rocks cheer them that fear their wreck:
-To see this sight, it irks my very soul.
-Withhold revenge, dear God! 'tis not my fault,
-Nor wittingly have I infringed my vow.
-
-CLIFFORD:
-My gracious liege, this too much lenity
-And harmful pity must be laid aside.
-To whom do lions cast their gentle looks?
-Not to the beast that would usurp their den.
-Whose hand is that the forest bear doth lick?
-Not his that spoils her young before her face.
-Who 'scapes the lurking serpent's mortal sting?
-Not he that sets his foot upon her back.
-The smallest worm will turn being trodden on,
-And doves will peck in safeguard of their brood.
-Ambitious York doth level at thy crown,
-Thou smiling while he knit his angry brows:
-He, but a duke, would have his son a king,
-And raise his issue, like a loving sire;
-Thou, being a king, blest with a goodly son,
-Didst yield consent to disinherit him,
-Which argued thee a most unloving father.
-Unreasonable creatures feed their young;
-And though man's face be fearful to their eyes,
-Yet, in protection of their tender ones,
-Who hath not seen them, even with those wings
-Which sometime they have used with fearful flight,
-Make war with him that climb'd unto their nest,
-Offer their own lives in their young's defence?
-For shame, my liege, make them your precedent!
-Were it not pity that this goodly boy
-Should lose his birthright by his father's fault,
-And long hereafter say unto his child,
-'What my great-grandfather and his grandsire got
-My careless father fondly gave away'?
-Ah, what a shame were this! Look on the boy;
-And let his manly face, which promiseth
-Successful fortune, steel thy melting heart
-To hold thine own and leave thine own with him.
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-Full well hath Clifford play'd the orator,
-Inferring arguments of mighty force.
-But, Clifford, tell me, didst thou never hear
-That things ill-got had ever bad success?
-And happy always was it for that son
-Whose father for his hoarding went to hell?
-I'll leave my son my virtuous deeds behind;
-And would my father had left me no more!
-For all the rest is held at such a rate
-As brings a thousand-fold more care to keep
-Than in possession and jot of pleasure.
-Ah, cousin York! would thy best friends did know
-How it doth grieve me that thy head is here!
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-My lord, cheer up your spirits: our foes are nigh,
-And this soft courage makes your followers faint.
-You promised knighthood to our forward son:
-Unsheathe your sword, and dub him presently.
-Edward, kneel down.
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-Edward Plantagenet, arise a knight;
-And learn this lesson, draw thy sword in right.
-
-PRINCE:
-My gracious father, by your kingly leave,
-I'll draw it as apparent to the crown,
-And in that quarrel use it to the death.
-
-CLIFFORD:
-Why, that is spoken like a toward prince.
-
-Messenger:
-Royal commanders, be in readiness:
-For with a band of thirty thousand men
-Comes Warwick, backing of the Duke of York;
-And in the towns, as they do march along,
-Proclaims him king, and many fly to him:
-Darraign your battle, for they are at hand.
-
-CLIFFORD:
-I would your highness would depart the field:
-The queen hath best success when you are absent.
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-Ay, good my lord, and leave us to our fortune.
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-Why, that's my fortune too; therefore I'll stay.
-
-NORTHUMBERLAND:
-Be it with resolution then to fight.
-
-PRINCE EDWARD:
-My royal father, cheer these noble lords
-And hearten those that fight in your defence:
-Unsheathe your sword, good father; cry 'Saint George!'
-
-EDWARD:
-Now, perjured Henry! wilt thou kneel for grace,
-And set thy diadem upon my head;
-Or bide the mortal fortune of the field?
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-Go, rate thy minions, proud insulting boy!
-Becomes it thee to be thus bold in terms
-Before thy sovereign and thy lawful king?
-
-EDWARD:
-I am his king, and he should bow his knee;
-I was adopted heir by his consent:
-Since when, his oath is broke; for, as I hear,
-You, that are king, though he do wear the crown,
-Have caused him, by new act of parliament,
-To blot out me, and put his own son in.
-
-CLIFFORD:
-And reason too:
-Who should succeed the father but the son?
-
-RICHARD:
-Are you there, butcher? O, I cannot speak!
-
-CLIFFORD:
-Ay, crook-back, here I stand to answer thee,
-Or any he the proudest of thy sort.
-
-RICHARD:
-'Twas you that kill'd young Rutland, was it not?
-
-CLIFFORD:
-Ay, and old York, and yet not satisfied.
-
-RICHARD:
-For God's sake, lords, give signal to the fight.
-
-WARWICK:
-What say'st thou, Henry, wilt thou yield the crown?
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-Why, how now, long-tongued Warwick! dare you speak?
-When you and I met at Saint Alban's last,
-Your legs did better service than your hands.
-
-WARWICK:
-Then 'twas my turn to fly, and now 'tis thine.
-
-CLIFFORD:
-You said so much before, and yet you fled.
-
-WARWICK:
-'Twas not your valour, Clifford, drove me thence.
-
-NORTHUMBERLAND:
-No, nor your manhood that durst make you stay.
-
-RICHARD:
-Northumberland, I hold thee reverently.
-Break off the parley; for scarce I can refrain
-The execution of my big-swoln heart
-Upon that Clifford, that cruel child-killer.
-
-CLIFFORD:
-I slew thy father, call'st thou him a child?
-
-RICHARD:
-Ay, like a dastard and a treacherous coward,
-As thou didst kill our tender brother Rutland;
-But ere sunset I'll make thee curse the deed.
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-Have done with words, my lords, and hear me speak.
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-Defy them then, or else hold close thy lips.
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-I prithee, give no limits to my tongue:
-I am a king, and privileged to speak.
-
-CLIFFORD:
-My liege, the wound that bred this meeting here
-Cannot be cured by words; therefore be still.
-
-RICHARD:
-Then, executioner, unsheathe thy sword:
-By him that made us all, I am resolved
-that Clifford's manhood lies upon his tongue.
-
-EDWARD:
-Say, Henry, shall I have my right, or no?
-A thousand men have broke their fasts to-day,
-That ne'er shall dine unless thou yield the crown.
-
-WARWICK:
-If thou deny, their blood upon thy head;
-For York in justice puts his armour on.
-
-PRINCE EDWARD:
-If that be right which Warwick says is right,
-There is no wrong, but every thing is right.
-
-RICHARD:
-Whoever got thee, there thy mother stands;
-For, well I wot, thou hast thy mother's tongue.
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-But thou art neither like thy sire nor dam;
-But like a foul mis-shapen stigmatic,
-Mark'd by the destinies to be avoided,
-As venom toads, or lizards' dreadful stings.
-
-RICHARD:
-Iron of Naples hid with English gilt,
-Whose father bears the title of a king,--
-As if a channel should be call'd the sea,--
-Shamest thou not, knowing whence thou art extraught,
-To let thy tongue detect thy base-born heart?
-
-EDWARD:
-A wisp of straw were worth a thousand crowns,
-To make this shameless callet know herself.
-Helen of Greece was fairer far than thou,
-Although thy husband may be Menelaus;
-And ne'er was Agamemnon's brother wrong'd
-By that false woman, as this king by thee.
-His father revell'd in the heart of France,
-And tamed the king, and made the dauphin stoop;
-And had he match'd according to his state,
-He might have kept that glory to this day;
-But when he took a beggar to his bed,
-And graced thy poor sire with his bridal-day,
-Even then that sunshine brew'd a shower for him,
-That wash'd his father's fortunes forth of France,
-And heap'd sedition on his crown at home.
-For what hath broach'd this tumult but thy pride?
-Hadst thou been meek, our title still had slept;
-And we, in pity of the gentle king,
-Had slipp'd our claim until another age.
-
-GEORGE:
-But when we saw our sunshine made thy spring,
-And that thy summer bred us no increase,
-We set the axe to thy usurping root;
-And though the edge hath something hit ourselves,
-Yet, know thou, since we have begun to strike,
-We'll never leave till we have hewn thee down,
-Or bathed thy growing with our heated bloods.
-
-EDWARD:
-And, in this resolution, I defy thee;
-Not willing any longer conference,
-Since thou deniest the gentle king to speak.
-Sound trumpets! let our bloody colours wave!
-And either victory, or else a grave.
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-Stay, Edward.
-
-EDWARD:
-No, wrangling woman, we'll no longer stay:
-These words will cost ten thousand lives this day.
-3 KING HENRY VI
-
-WARWICK:
-Forspent with toil, as runners with a race,
-I lay me down a little while to breathe;
-For strokes received, and many blows repaid,
-Have robb'd my strong-knit sinews of their strength,
-And spite of spite needs must I rest awhile.
-
-EDWARD:
-Smile, gentle heaven! or strike, ungentle death!
-For this world frowns, and Edward's sun is clouded.
-
-WARWICK:
-How now, my lord! what hap? what hope of good?
-
-GEORGE:
-Our hap is loss, our hope but sad despair;
-Our ranks are broke, and ruin follows us:
-What counsel give you? whither shall we fly?
-
-EDWARD:
-Bootless is flight, they follow us with wings;
-And weak we are and cannot shun pursuit.
-
-RICHARD:
-Ah, Warwick, why hast thou withdrawn thyself?
-Thy brother's blood the thirsty earth hath drunk,
-Broach'd with the steely point of Clifford's lance;
-And in the very pangs of death he cried,
-Like to a dismal clangour heard from far,
-'Warwick, revenge! brother, revenge my death!'
-So, underneath the belly of their steeds,
-That stain'd their fetlocks in his smoking blood,
-The noble gentleman gave up the ghost.
-
-WARWICK:
-Then let the earth be drunken with our blood:
-I'll kill my horse, because I will not fly.
-Why stand we like soft-hearted women here,
-Wailing our losses, whiles the foe doth rage;
-And look upon, as if the tragedy
-Were play'd in jest by counterfeiting actors?
-Here on my knee I vow to God above,
-I'll never pause again, never stand still,
-Till either death hath closed these eyes of mine
-Or fortune given me measure of revenge.
-
-EDWARD:
-O Warwick, I do bend my knee with thine;
-And in this vow do chain my soul to thine!
-And, ere my knee rise from the earth's cold face,
-I throw my hands, mine eyes, my heart to thee,
-Thou setter up and plucker down of kings,
-Beseeching thee, if with they will it stands
-That to my foes this body must be prey,
-Yet that thy brazen gates of heaven may ope,
-And give sweet passage to my sinful soul!
-Now, lords, take leave until we meet again,
-Where'er it be, in heaven or in earth.
-
-RICHARD:
-Brother, give me thy hand; and, gentle Warwick,
-Let me embrace thee in my weary arms:
-I, that did never weep, now melt with woe
-That winter should cut off our spring-time so.
-
-WARWICK:
-Away, away! Once more, sweet lords farewell.
-
-GEORGE:
-Yet let us all together to our troops,
-And give them leave to fly that will not stay;
-And call them pillars that will stand to us;
-And, if we thrive, promise them such rewards
-As victors wear at the Olympian games:
-This may plant courage in their quailing breasts;
-For yet is hope of life and victory.
-Forslow no longer, make we hence amain.
-3 KING HENRY VI
-
-RICHARD:
-Now, Clifford, I have singled thee alone:
-Suppose this arm is for the Duke of York,
-And this for Rutland; both bound to revenge,
-Wert thou environ'd with a brazen wall.
-
-CLIFFORD:
-Now, Richard, I am with thee here alone:
-This is the hand that stabb'd thy father York;
-And this the hand that slew thy brother Rutland;
-And here's the heart that triumphs in their death
-And cheers these hands that slew thy sire and brother
-To execute the like upon thyself;
-And so, have at thee!
-
-RICHARD:
-Nay Warwick, single out some other chase;
-For I myself will hunt this wolf to death.
-3 KING HENRY VI
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-This battle fares like to the morning's war,
-When dying clouds contend with growing light,
-What time the shepherd, blowing of his nails,
-Can neither call it perfect day nor night.
-Now sways it this way, like a mighty sea
-Forced by the tide to combat with the wind;
-Now sways it that way, like the selfsame sea
-Forced to retire by fury of the wind:
-Sometime the flood prevails, and then the wind;
-Now one the better, then another best;
-Both tugging to be victors, breast to breast,
-Yet neither conqueror nor conquered:
-So is the equal of this fell war.
-Here on this molehill will I sit me down.
-To whom God will, there be the victory!
-For Margaret my queen, and Clifford too,
-Have chid me from the battle; swearing both
-They prosper best of all when I am thence.
-Would I were dead! if God's good will were so;
-For what is in this world but grief and woe?
-O God! methinks it were a happy life,
-To be no better than a homely swain;
-To sit upon a hill, as I do now,
-To carve out dials quaintly, point by point,
-Thereby to see the minutes how they run,
-How many make the hour full complete;
-How many hours bring about the day;
-How many days will finish up the year;
-How many years a mortal man may live.
-When this is known, then to divide the times:
-So many hours must I tend my flock;
-So many hours must I take my rest;
-So many hours must I contemplate;
-So many hours must I sport myself;
-So many days my ewes have been with young;
-So many weeks ere the poor fools will ean:
-So many years ere I shall shear the fleece:
-So minutes, hours, days, months, and years,
-Pass'd over to the end they were created,
-Would bring white hairs unto a quiet grave.
-Ah, what a life were this! how sweet! how lovely!
-Gives not the hawthorn-bush a sweeter shade
-To shepherds looking on their silly sheep,
-Than doth a rich embroider'd canopy
-To kings that fear their subjects' treachery?
-O, yes, it doth; a thousand-fold it doth.
-And to conclude, the shepherd's homely curds,
-His cold thin drink out of his leather bottle.
-His wonted sleep under a fresh tree's shade,
-All which secure and sweetly he enjoys,
-Is far beyond a prince's delicates,
-His viands sparkling in a golden cup,
-His body couched in a curious bed,
-When care, mistrust, and treason waits on him.
-
-Son:
-Ill blows the wind that profits nobody.
-This man, whom hand to hand I slew in fight,
-May be possessed with some store of crowns;
-And I, that haply take them from him now,
-May yet ere night yield both my life and them
-To some man else, as this dead man doth me.
-Who's this? O God! it is my father's face,
-Whom in this conflict I unwares have kill'd.
-O heavy times, begetting such events!
-From London by the king was I press'd forth;
-My father, being the Earl of Warwick's man,
-Came on the part of York, press'd by his master;
-And I, who at his hands received my life, him
-Have by my hands of life bereaved him.
-Pardon me, God, I knew not what I did!
-And pardon, father, for I knew not thee!
-My tears shall wipe away these bloody marks;
-And no more words till they have flow'd their fill.
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-O piteous spectacle! O bloody times!
-Whiles lions war and battle for their dens,
-Poor harmless lambs abide their enmity.
-Weep, wretched man, I'll aid thee tear for tear;
-And let our hearts and eyes, like civil war,
-Be blind with tears, and break o'ercharged with grief.
-
-Father:
-Thou that so stoutly hast resisted me,
-Give me thy gold, if thou hast any gold:
-For I have bought it with an hundred blows.
-But let me see: is this our foeman's face?
-Ah, no, no, no, it is mine only son!
-Ah, boy, if any life be left in thee,
-Throw up thine eye! see, see what showers arise,
-Blown with the windy tempest of my heart,
-Upon thy words, that kill mine eye and heart!
-O, pity, God, this miserable age!
-What stratagems, how fell, how butcherly,
-Erroneous, mutinous and unnatural,
-This deadly quarrel daily doth beget!
-O boy, thy father gave thee life too soon,
-And hath bereft thee of thy life too late!
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-Woe above woe! grief more than common grief!
-O that my death would stay these ruthful deeds!
-O pity, pity, gentle heaven, pity!
-The red rose and the white are on his face,
-The fatal colours of our striving houses:
-The one his purple blood right well resembles;
-The other his pale cheeks, methinks, presenteth:
-Wither one rose, and let the other flourish;
-If you contend, a thousand lives must wither.
-
-Son:
-How will my mother for a father's death
-Take on with me and ne'er be satisfied!
-
-Father:
-How will my wife for slaughter of my son
-Shed seas of tears and ne'er be satisfied!
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-How will the country for these woful chances
-Misthink the king and not be satisfied!
-
-Son:
-Was ever son so rued a father's death?
-
-Father:
-Was ever father so bemoan'd his son?
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-Was ever king so grieved for subjects' woe?
-Much is your sorrow; mine ten times so much.
-
-Son:
-I'll bear thee hence, where I may weep my fill.
-
-Father:
-These arms of mine shall be thy winding-sheet;
-My heart, sweet boy, shall be thy sepulchre,
-For from my heart thine image ne'er shall go;
-My sighing breast shall be thy funeral bell;
-And so obsequious will thy father be,
-Even for the loss of thee, having no more,
-As Priam was for all his valiant sons.
-I'll bear thee hence; and let them fight that will,
-For I have murdered where I should not kill.
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-Sad-hearted men, much overgone with care,
-Here sits a king more woful than you are.
-
-PRINCE EDWARD:
-Fly, father, fly! for all your friends are fled,
-And Warwick rages like a chafed bull:
-Away! for death doth hold us in pursuit.
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-Mount you, my lord; towards Berwick post amain:
-Edward and Richard, like a brace of greyhounds
-Having the fearful flying hare in sight,
-With fiery eyes sparkling for very wrath,
-And bloody steel grasp'd in their ireful hands,
-Are at our backs; and therefore hence amain.
-
-EXETER:
-Away! for vengeance comes along with them:
-Nay, stay not to expostulate, make speed;
-Or else come after: I'll away before.
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-Nay, take me with thee, good sweet Exeter:
-Not that I fear to stay, but love to go
-Whither the queen intends. Forward; away!
-3 KING HENRY VI
-
-CLIFFORD:
-Here burns my candle out; ay, here it dies,
-Which, whiles it lasted, gave King Henry light.
-O Lancaster, I fear thy overthrow
-More than my body's parting with my soul!
-My love and fear glued many friends to thee;
-And, now I fall, thy tough commixture melts.
-Impairing Henry, strengthening misproud York,
-The common people swarm like summer flies;
-And whither fly the gnats but to the sun?
-And who shines now but Henry's enemies?
-O Phoebus, hadst thou never given consent
-That Phaethon should cheque thy fiery steeds,
-Thy burning car never had scorch'd the earth!
-And, Henry, hadst thou sway'd as kings should do,
-Or as thy father and his father did,
-Giving no ground unto the house of York,
-They never then had sprung like summer flies;
-I and ten thousand in this luckless realm
-Had left no mourning widows for our death;
-And thou this day hadst kept thy chair in peace.
-For what doth cherish weeds but gentle air?
-And what makes robbers bold but too much lenity?
-Bootless are plaints, and cureless are my wounds;
-No way to fly, nor strength to hold out flight:
-The foe is merciless, and will not pity;
-For at their hands I have deserved no pity.
-The air hath got into my deadly wounds,
-And much effuse of blood doth make me faint.
-Come, York and Richard, Warwick and the rest;
-I stabb'd your fathers' bosoms, split my breast.
-
-EDWARD:
-Now breathe we, lords: good fortune bids us pause,
-And smooth the frowns of war with peaceful looks.
-Some troops pursue the bloody-minded queen,
-That led calm Henry, though he were a king,
-As doth a sail, fill'd with a fretting gust,
-Command an argosy to stem the waves.
-But think you, lords, that Clifford fled with them?
-
-WARWICK:
-No, 'tis impossible he should escape,
-For, though before his face I speak the words
-Your brother Richard mark'd him for the grave:
-And wheresoe'er he is, he's surely dead.
-
-EDWARD:
-Whose soul is that which takes her heavy leave?
-
-RICHARD:
-A deadly groan, like life and death's departing.
-
-EDWARD:
-See who it is: and, now the battle's ended,
-If friend or foe, let him be gently used.
-
-RICHARD:
-Revoke that doom of mercy, for 'tis Clifford;
-Who not contented that he lopp'd the branch
-In hewing Rutland when his leaves put forth,
-But set his murdering knife unto the root
-From whence that tender spray did sweetly spring,
-I mean our princely father, Duke of York.
-
-WARWICK:
-From off the gates of York fetch down the head,
-Your father's head, which Clifford placed there;
-Instead whereof let this supply the room:
-Measure for measure must be answered.
-
-EDWARD:
-Bring forth that fatal screech-owl to our house,
-That nothing sung but death to us and ours:
-Now death shall stop his dismal threatening sound,
-And his ill-boding tongue no more shall speak.
-
-WARWICK:
-I think his understanding is bereft.
-Speak, Clifford, dost thou know who speaks to thee?
-Dark cloudy death o'ershades his beams of life,
-And he nor sees nor hears us what we say.
-
-RICHARD:
-O, would he did! and so perhaps he doth:
-'Tis but his policy to counterfeit,
-Because he would avoid such bitter taunts
-Which in the time of death he gave our father.
-
-GEORGE:
-If so thou think'st, vex him with eager words.
-
-RICHARD:
-Clifford, ask mercy and obtain no grace.
-
-EDWARD:
-Clifford, repent in bootless penitence.
-
-WARWICK:
-Clifford, devise excuses for thy faults.
-
-GEORGE:
-While we devise fell tortures for thy faults.
-
-RICHARD:
-Thou didst love York, and I am son to York.
-
-EDWARD:
-Thou pitied'st Rutland; I will pity thee.
-
-GEORGE:
-Where's Captain Margaret, to fence you now?
-
-WARWICK:
-They mock thee, Clifford: swear as thou wast wont.
-
-RICHARD:
-What, not an oath? nay, then the world goes hard
-When Clifford cannot spare his friends an oath.
-I know by that he's dead; and, by my soul,
-If this right hand would buy two hour's life,
-That I in all despite might rail at him,
-This hand should chop it off, and with the
-issuing blood
-Stifle the villain whose unstanched thirst
-York and young Rutland could not satisfy.
-
-WARWICK:
-Ay, but he's dead: off with the traitor's head,
-And rear it in the place your father's stands.
-And now to London with triumphant march,
-There to be crowned England's royal king:
-From whence shall Warwick cut the sea to France,
-And ask the Lady Bona for thy queen:
-So shalt thou sinew both these lands together;
-And, having France thy friend, thou shalt not dread
-The scatter'd foe that hopes to rise again;
-For though they cannot greatly sting to hurt,
-Yet look to have them buzz to offend thine ears.
-First will I see the coronation;
-And then to Brittany I'll cross the sea,
-To effect this marriage, so it please my lord.
-
-EDWARD:
-Even as thou wilt, sweet Warwick, let it be;
-For in thy shoulder do I build my seat,
-And never will I undertake the thing
-Wherein thy counsel and consent is wanting.
-Richard, I will create thee Duke of Gloucester,
-And George, of Clarence: Warwick, as ourself,
-Shall do and undo as him pleaseth best.
-
-RICHARD:
-Let me be Duke of Clarence, George of Gloucester;
-For Gloucester's dukedom is too ominous.
-
-WARWICK:
-Tut, that's a foolish observation:
-Richard, be Duke of Gloucester. Now to London,
-To see these honours in possession.
-3 KING HENRY VI
-
-First Keeper:
-Under this thick-grown brake we'll shroud ourselves;
-For through this laund anon the deer will come;
-And in this covert will we make our stand,
-Culling the principal of all the deer.
-
-Second Keeper:
-I'll stay above the hill, so both may shoot.
-
-First Keeper:
-That cannot be; the noise of thy cross-bow
-Will scare the herd, and so my shoot is lost.
-Here stand we both, and aim we at the best:
-And, for the time shall not seem tedious,
-I'll tell thee what befell me on a day
-In this self-place where now we mean to stand.
-
-Second Keeper:
-Here comes a man; let's stay till he be past.
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-From Scotland am I stol'n, even of pure love,
-To greet mine own land with my wishful sight.
-No, Harry, Harry, 'tis no land of thine;
-Thy place is fill'd, thy sceptre wrung from thee,
-Thy balm wash'd off wherewith thou wast anointed:
-No bending knee will call thee Caesar now,
-No humble suitors press to speak for right,
-No, not a man comes for redress of thee;
-For how can I help them, and not myself?
-
-First Keeper:
-Ay, here's a deer whose skin's a keeper's fee:
-This is the quondam king; let's seize upon him.
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-Let me embrace thee, sour adversity,
-For wise men say it is the wisest course.
-
-Second Keeper:
-Why linger we? let us lay hands upon him.
-
-First Keeper:
-Forbear awhile; we'll hear a little more.
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-My queen and son are gone to France for aid;
-And, as I hear, the great commanding Warwick
-Is thither gone, to crave the French king's sister
-To wife for Edward: if this news be true,
-Poor queen and son, your labour is but lost;
-For Warwick is a subtle orator,
-And Lewis a prince soon won with moving words.
-By this account then Margaret may win him;
-For she's a woman to be pitied much:
-Her sighs will make a battery in his breast;
-Her tears will pierce into a marble heart;
-The tiger will be mild whiles she doth mourn;
-And Nero will be tainted with remorse,
-To hear and see her plaints, her brinish tears.
-Ay, but she's come to beg, Warwick to give;
-She, on his left side, craving aid for Henry,
-He, on his right, asking a wife for Edward.
-She weeps, and says her Henry is deposed;
-He smiles, and says his Edward is install'd;
-That she, poor wretch, for grief can speak no more;
-Whiles Warwick tells his title, smooths the wrong,
-Inferreth arguments of mighty strength,
-And in conclusion wins the king from her,
-With promise of his sister, and what else,
-To strengthen and support King Edward's place.
-O Margaret, thus 'twill be; and thou, poor soul,
-Art then forsaken, as thou went'st forlorn!
-
-Second Keeper:
-Say, what art thou that talk'st of kings and queens?
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-More than I seem, and less than I was born to:
-A man at least, for less I should not be;
-And men may talk of kings, and why not I?
-
-Second Keeper:
-Ay, but thou talk'st as if thou wert a king.
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-Why, so I am, in mind; and that's enough.
-
-Second Keeper:
-But, if thou be a king, where is thy crown?
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-My crown is in my heart, not on my head;
-Not decked with diamonds and Indian stones,
-Nor to be seen: my crown is called content:
-A crown it is that seldom kings enjoy.
-
-Second Keeper:
-Well, if you be a king crown'd with content,
-Your crown content and you must be contented
-To go along with us; for as we think,
-You are the king King Edward hath deposed;
-And we his subjects sworn in all allegiance
-Will apprehend you as his enemy.
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-But did you never swear, and break an oath?
-
-Second Keeper:
-No, never such an oath; nor will not now.
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-Where did you dwell when I was King of England?
-
-Second Keeper:
-Here in this country, where we now remain.
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-I was anointed king at nine months old;
-My father and my grandfather were kings,
-And you were sworn true subjects unto me:
-And tell me, then, have you not broke your oaths?
-
-First Keeper:
-No;
-For we were subjects but while you were king.
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-Why, am I dead? do I not breathe a man?
-Ah, simple men, you know not what you swear!
-Look, as I blow this feather from my face,
-And as the air blows it to me again,
-Obeying with my wind when I do blow,
-And yielding to another when it blows,
-Commanded always by the greater gust;
-Such is the lightness of you common men.
-But do not break your oaths; for of that sin
-My mild entreaty shall not make you guilty.
-Go where you will, the king shall be commanded;
-And be you kings, command, and I'll obey.
-
-First Keeper:
-We are true subjects to the king, King Edward.
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-So would you be again to Henry,
-If he were seated as King Edward is.
-
-First Keeper:
-We charge you, in God's name, and the king's,
-To go with us unto the officers.
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-In God's name, lead; your king's name be obey'd:
-And what God will, that let your king perform;
-And what he will, I humbly yield unto.
-3 KING HENRY VI
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Brother of Gloucester, at Saint Alban's field
-This lady's husband, Sir Richard Grey, was slain,
-His lands then seized on by the conqueror:
-Her suit is now to repossess those lands;
-Which we in justice cannot well deny,
-Because in quarrel of the house of York
-The worthy gentleman did lose his life.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Your highness shall do well to grant her suit;
-It were dishonour to deny it her.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-It were no less; but yet I'll make a pause.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Widow, we will consider of your suit;
-And come some other time to know our mind.
-
-LADY GREY:
-Right gracious lord, I cannot brook delay:
-May it please your highness to resolve me now;
-And what your pleasure is, shall satisfy me.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-How many children hast thou, widow? tell me.
-
-LADY GREY:
-Three, my most gracious lord.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-'Twere pity they should lose their father's lands.
-
-LADY GREY:
-Be pitiful, dread lord, and grant it then.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Lords, give us leave: I'll try this widow's wit.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Now tell me, madam, do you love your children?
-
-LADY GREY:
-Ay, full as dearly as I love myself.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-And would you not do much to do them good?
-
-LADY GREY:
-To do them good, I would sustain some harm.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Then get your husband's lands, to do them good.
-
-LADY GREY:
-Therefore I came unto your majesty.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-I'll tell you how these lands are to be got.
-
-LADY GREY:
-So shall you bind me to your highness' service.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-What service wilt thou do me, if I give them?
-
-LADY GREY:
-What you command, that rests in me to do.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-But you will take exceptions to my boon.
-
-LADY GREY:
-No, gracious lord, except I cannot do it.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Ay, but thou canst do what I mean to ask.
-
-LADY GREY:
-Why, then I will do what your grace commands.
-
-LADY GREY:
-Why stops my lord, shall I not hear my task?
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-An easy task; 'tis but to love a king.
-
-LADY GREY:
-That's soon perform'd, because I am a subject.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Why, then, thy husband's lands I freely give thee.
-
-LADY GREY:
-I take my leave with many thousand thanks.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-But stay thee, 'tis the fruits of love I mean.
-
-LADY GREY:
-The fruits of love I mean, my loving liege.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Ay, but, I fear me, in another sense.
-What love, think'st thou, I sue so much to get?
-
-LADY GREY:
-My love till death, my humble thanks, my prayers;
-That love which virtue begs and virtue grants.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-No, by my troth, I did not mean such love.
-
-LADY GREY:
-Why, then you mean not as I thought you did.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-But now you partly may perceive my mind.
-
-LADY GREY:
-My mind will never grant what I perceive
-Your highness aims at, if I aim aright.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-To tell thee plain, I aim to lie with thee.
-
-LADY GREY:
-To tell you plain, I had rather lie in prison.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Why, then thou shalt not have thy husband's lands.
-
-LADY GREY:
-Why, then mine honesty shall be my dower;
-For by that loss I will not purchase them.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Therein thou wrong'st thy children mightily.
-
-LADY GREY:
-Herein your highness wrongs both them and me.
-But, mighty lord, this merry inclination
-Accords not with the sadness of my suit:
-Please you dismiss me either with 'ay' or 'no.'
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Ay, if thou wilt say 'ay' to my request;
-No if thou dost say 'no' to my demand.
-
-LADY GREY:
-Then, no, my lord. My suit is at an end.
-
-LADY GREY:
-'Tis better said than done, my gracious lord:
-I am a subject fit to jest withal,
-But far unfit to be a sovereign.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Sweet widow, by my state I swear to thee
-I speak no more than what my soul intends;
-And that is, to enjoy thee for my love.
-
-LADY GREY:
-And that is more than I will yield unto:
-I know I am too mean to be your queen,
-And yet too good to be your concubine.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-You cavil, widow: I did mean, my queen.
-
-LADY GREY:
-'Twill grieve your grace my sons should call you father.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-No more than when my daughters call thee mother.
-Thou art a widow, and thou hast some children;
-And, by God's mother, I, being but a bachelor,
-Have other some: why, 'tis a happy thing
-To be the father unto many sons.
-Answer no more, for thou shalt be my queen.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Brothers, you muse what chat we two have had.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-The widow likes it not, for she looks very sad.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-You'll think it strange if I should marry her.
-
-CLARENCE:
-To whom, my lord?
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Why, Clarence, to myself.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-That would be ten days' wonder at the least.
-
-CLARENCE:
-That's a day longer than a wonder lasts.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-By so much is the wonder in extremes.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Well, jest on, brothers: I can tell you both
-Her suit is granted for her husband's lands.
-
-Nobleman:
-My gracious lord, Henry your foe is taken,
-And brought your prisoner to your palace gate.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-See that he be convey'd unto the Tower:
-And go we, brothers, to the man that took him,
-To question of his apprehension.
-Widow, go you along. Lords, use her honourably.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Ay, Edward will use women honourably.
-Would he were wasted, marrow, bones and all,
-That from his loins no hopeful branch may spring,
-To cross me from the golden time I look for!
-And yet, between my soul's desire and me--
-The lustful Edward's title buried--
-Is Clarence, Henry, and his son young Edward,
-And all the unlook'd for issue of their bodies,
-To take their rooms, ere I can place myself:
-A cold premeditation for my purpose!
-Why, then, I do but dream on sovereignty;
-Like one that stands upon a promontory,
-And spies a far-off shore where he would tread,
-Wishing his foot were equal with his eye,
-And chides the sea that sunders him from thence,
-Saying, he'll lade it dry to have his way:
-So do I wish the crown, being so far off;
-And so I chide the means that keeps me from it;
-And so I say, I'll cut the causes off,
-Flattering me with impossibilities.
-My eye's too quick, my heart o'erweens too much,
-Unless my hand and strength could equal them.
-Well, say there is no kingdom then for Richard;
-What other pleasure can the world afford?
-I'll make my heaven in a lady's lap,
-And deck my body in gay ornaments,
-And witch sweet ladies with my words and looks.
-O miserable thought! and more unlikely
-Than to accomplish twenty golden crowns!
-Why, love forswore me in my mother's womb:
-And, for I should not deal in her soft laws,
-She did corrupt frail nature with some bribe,
-To shrink mine arm up like a wither'd shrub;
-To make an envious mountain on my back,
-Where sits deformity to mock my body;
-To shape my legs of an unequal size;
-To disproportion me in every part,
-Like to a chaos, or an unlick'd bear-whelp
-That carries no impression like the dam.
-And am I then a man to be beloved?
-O monstrous fault, to harbour such a thought!
-Then, since this earth affords no joy to me,
-But to command, to cheque, to o'erbear such
-As are of better person than myself,
-I'll make my heaven to dream upon the crown,
-And, whiles I live, to account this world but hell,
-Until my mis-shaped trunk that bears this head
-Be round impaled with a glorious crown.
-And yet I know not how to get the crown,
-For many lives stand between me and home:
-And I,--like one lost in a thorny wood,
-That rends the thorns and is rent with the thorns,
-Seeking a way and straying from the way;
-Not knowing how to find the open air,
-But toiling desperately to find it out,--
-Torment myself to catch the English crown:
-And from that torment I will free myself,
-Or hew my way out with a bloody axe.
-Why, I can smile, and murder whiles I smile,
-And cry 'Content' to that which grieves my heart,
-And wet my cheeks with artificial tears,
-And frame my face to all occasions.
-I'll drown more sailors than the mermaid shall;
-I'll slay more gazers than the basilisk;
-I'll play the orator as well as Nestor,
-Deceive more slily than Ulysses could,
-And, like a Sinon, take another Troy.
-I can add colours to the chameleon,
-Change shapes with Proteus for advantages,
-And set the murderous Machiavel to school.
-Can I do this, and cannot get a crown?
-Tut, were it farther off, I'll pluck it down.
-3 KING HENRY VI
-
-KING LEWIS XI:
-Fair Queen of England, worthy Margaret,
-Sit down with us: it ill befits thy state
-And birth, that thou shouldst stand while Lewis doth sit.
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-No, mighty King of France: now Margaret
-Must strike her sail and learn awhile to serve
-Where kings command. I was, I must confess,
-Great Albion's queen in former golden days:
-But now mischance hath trod my title down,
-And with dishonour laid me on the ground;
-Where I must take like seat unto my fortune,
-And to my humble seat conform myself.
-
-KING LEWIS XI:
-Why, say, fair queen, whence springs this deep despair?
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-From such a cause as fills mine eyes with tears
-And stops my tongue, while heart is drown'd in cares.
-
-KING LEWIS XI:
-Whate'er it be, be thou still like thyself,
-And sit thee by our side:
-Yield not thy neck
-To fortune's yoke, but let thy dauntless mind
-Still ride in triumph over all mischance.
-Be plain, Queen Margaret, and tell thy grief;
-It shall be eased, if France can yield relief.
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-Those gracious words revive my drooping thoughts
-And give my tongue-tied sorrows leave to speak.
-Now, therefore, be it known to noble Lewis,
-That Henry, sole possessor of my love,
-Is of a king become a banish'd man,
-And forced to live in Scotland a forlorn;
-While proud ambitious Edward Duke of York
-Usurps the regal title and the seat
-Of England's true-anointed lawful king.
-This is the cause that I, poor Margaret,
-With this my son, Prince Edward, Henry's heir,
-Am come to crave thy just and lawful aid;
-And if thou fail us, all our hope is done:
-Scotland hath will to help, but cannot help;
-Our people and our peers are both misled,
-Our treasures seized, our soldiers put to flight,
-And, as thou seest, ourselves in heavy plight.
-
-KING LEWIS XI:
-Renowned queen, with patience calm the storm,
-While we bethink a means to break it off.
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-The more we stay, the stronger grows our foe.
-
-KING LEWIS XI:
-The more I stay, the more I'll succor thee.
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-O, but impatience waiteth on true sorrow.
-And see where comes the breeder of my sorrow!
-
-KING LEWIS XI:
-What's he approacheth boldly to our presence?
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-Our Earl of Warwick, Edward's greatest friend.
-
-KING LEWIS XI:
-Welcome, brave Warwick! What brings thee to France?
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-Ay, now begins a second storm to rise;
-For this is he that moves both wind and tide.
-
-WARWICK:
-From worthy Edward, King of Albion,
-My lord and sovereign, and thy vowed friend,
-I come, in kindness and unfeigned love,
-First, to do greetings to thy royal person;
-And then to crave a league of amity;
-And lastly, to confirm that amity
-With a nuptial knot, if thou vouchsafe to grant
-That virtuous Lady Bona, thy fair sister,
-To England's king in lawful marriage.
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-King Lewis and Lady Bona, hear me speak,
-Before you answer Warwick. His demand
-Springs not from Edward's well-meant honest love,
-But from deceit bred by necessity;
-For how can tyrants safely govern home,
-Unless abroad they purchase great alliance?
-To prove him tyrant this reason may suffice,
-That Henry liveth still: but were he dead,
-Yet here Prince Edward stands, King Henry's son.
-Look, therefore, Lewis, that by this league and marriage
-Thou draw not on thy danger and dishonour;
-For though usurpers sway the rule awhile,
-Yet heavens are just, and time suppresseth wrongs.
-
-WARWICK:
-Injurious Margaret!
-
-PRINCE EDWARD:
-And why not queen?
-
-WARWICK:
-Because thy father Henry did usurp;
-And thou no more are prince than she is queen.
-
-OXFORD:
-Then Warwick disannuls great John of Gaunt,
-Which did subdue the greatest part of Spain;
-And, after John of Gaunt, Henry the Fourth,
-Whose wisdom was a mirror to the wisest;
-And, after that wise prince, Henry the Fifth,
-Who by his prowess conquered all France:
-From these our Henry lineally descends.
-
-WARWICK:
-Oxford, how haps it, in this smooth discourse,
-You told not how Henry the Sixth hath lost
-All that which Henry Fifth had gotten?
-Methinks these peers of France should smile at that.
-But for the rest, you tell a pedigree
-Of threescore and two years; a silly time
-To make prescription for a kingdom's worth.
-
-OXFORD:
-Why, Warwick, canst thou speak against thy liege,
-Whom thou obeyed'st thirty and six years,
-And not bewray thy treason with a blush?
-
-WARWICK:
-Can Oxford, that did ever fence the right,
-Now buckler falsehood with a pedigree?
-For shame! leave Henry, and call Edward king.
-
-OXFORD:
-Call him my king by whose injurious doom
-My elder brother, the Lord Aubrey Vere,
-Was done to death? and more than so, my father,
-Even in the downfall of his mellow'd years,
-When nature brought him to the door of death?
-No, Warwick, no; while life upholds this arm,
-This arm upholds the house of Lancaster.
-
-WARWICK:
-And I the house of York.
-
-KING LEWIS XI:
-Queen Margaret, Prince Edward, and Oxford,
-Vouchsafe, at our request, to stand aside,
-While I use further conference with Warwick.
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-Heavens grant that Warwick's words bewitch him not!
-
-KING LEWIS XI:
-Now Warwick, tell me, even upon thy conscience,
-Is Edward your true king? for I were loath
-To link with him that were not lawful chosen.
-
-WARWICK:
-Thereon I pawn my credit and mine honour.
-
-KING LEWIS XI:
-But is he gracious in the people's eye?
-
-WARWICK:
-The more that Henry was unfortunate.
-
-KING LEWIS XI:
-Then further, all dissembling set aside,
-Tell me for truth the measure of his love
-Unto our sister Bona.
-
-WARWICK:
-Such it seems
-As may beseem a monarch like himself.
-Myself have often heard him say and swear
-That this his love was an eternal plant,
-Whereof the root was fix'd in virtue's ground,
-The leaves and fruit maintain'd with beauty's sun,
-Exempt from envy, but not from disdain,
-Unless the Lady Bona quit his pain.
-
-KING LEWIS XI:
-Now, sister, let us hear your firm resolve.
-
-BONA:
-Your grant, or your denial, shall be mine:
-Yet I confess that often ere this day,
-When I have heard your king's desert recounted,
-Mine ear hath tempted judgment to desire.
-
-KING LEWIS XI:
-Then, Warwick, thus: our sister shall be Edward's;
-And now forthwith shall articles be drawn
-Touching the jointure that your king must make,
-Which with her dowry shall be counterpoised.
-Draw near, Queen Margaret, and be a witness
-That Bona shall be wife to the English king.
-
-PRINCE EDWARD:
-To Edward, but not to the English king.
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-Deceitful Warwick! it was thy device
-By this alliance to make void my suit:
-Before thy coming Lewis was Henry's friend.
-
-KING LEWIS XI:
-And still is friend to him and Margaret:
-But if your title to the crown be weak,
-As may appear by Edward's good success,
-Then 'tis but reason that I be released
-From giving aid which late I promised.
-Yet shall you have all kindness at my hand
-That your estate requires and mine can yield.
-
-WARWICK:
-Henry now lives in Scotland at his ease,
-Where having nothing, nothing can he lose.
-And as for you yourself, our quondam queen,
-You have a father able to maintain you;
-And better 'twere you troubled him than France.
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-Peace, impudent and shameless Warwick, peace,
-Proud setter up and puller down of kings!
-I will not hence, till, with my talk and tears,
-Both full of truth, I make King Lewis behold
-Thy sly conveyance and thy lord's false love;
-For both of you are birds of selfsame feather.
-
-KING LEWIS XI:
-Warwick, this is some post to us or thee.
-
-OXFORD:
-I like it well that our fair queen and mistress
-Smiles at her news, while Warwick frowns at his.
-
-PRINCE EDWARD:
-Nay, mark how Lewis stamps, as he were nettled:
-I hope all's for the best.
-
-KING LEWIS XI:
-Warwick, what are thy news? and yours, fair queen?
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-Mine, such as fill my heart with unhoped joys.
-
-WARWICK:
-Mine, full of sorrow and heart's discontent.
-
-KING LEWIS XI:
-What! has your king married the Lady Grey!
-And now, to soothe your forgery and his,
-Sends me a paper to persuade me patience?
-Is this the alliance that he seeks with France?
-Dare he presume to scorn us in this manner?
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-I told your majesty as much before:
-This proveth Edward's love and Warwick's honesty.
-
-WARWICK:
-King Lewis, I here protest, in sight of heaven,
-And by the hope I have of heavenly bliss,
-That I am clear from this misdeed of Edward's,
-No more my king, for he dishonours me,
-But most himself, if he could see his shame.
-Did I forget that by the house of York
-My father came untimely to his death?
-Did I let pass the abuse done to my niece?
-Did I impale him with the regal crown?
-Did I put Henry from his native right?
-And am I guerdon'd at the last with shame?
-Shame on himself! for my desert is honour:
-And to repair my honour lost for him,
-I here renounce him and return to Henry.
-My noble queen, let former grudges pass,
-And henceforth I am thy true servitor:
-I will revenge his wrong to Lady Bona,
-And replant Henry in his former state.
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-Warwick, these words have turn'd my hate to love;
-And I forgive and quite forget old faults,
-And joy that thou becomest King Henry's friend.
-
-WARWICK:
-So much his friend, ay, his unfeigned friend,
-That, if King Lewis vouchsafe to furnish us
-With some few bands of chosen soldiers,
-I'll undertake to land them on our coast
-And force the tyrant from his seat by war.
-'Tis not his new-made bride shall succor him:
-And as for Clarence, as my letters tell me,
-He's very likely now to fall from him,
-For matching more for wanton lust than honour,
-Or than for strength and safety of our country.
-
-BONA:
-Dear brother, how shall Bona be revenged
-But by thy help to this distressed queen?
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-Renowned prince, how shall poor Henry live,
-Unless thou rescue him from foul despair?
-
-BONA:
-My quarrel and this English queen's are one.
-
-WARWICK:
-And mine, fair lady Bona, joins with yours.
-
-KING LEWIS XI:
-And mine with hers, and thine, and Margaret's.
-Therefore at last I firmly am resolved
-You shall have aid.
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-Let me give humble thanks for all at once.
-
-KING LEWIS XI:
-Then, England's messenger, return in post,
-And tell false Edward, thy supposed king,
-That Lewis of France is sending over masquers
-To revel it with him and his new bride:
-Thou seest what's past, go fear thy king withal.
-
-BONA:
-Tell him, in hope he'll prove a widower shortly,
-I'll wear the willow garland for his sake.
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-Tell him, my mourning weeds are laid aside,
-And I am ready to put armour on.
-
-WARWICK:
-Tell him from me that he hath done me wrong,
-And therefore I'll uncrown him ere't be long.
-There's thy reward: be gone.
-
-KING LEWIS XI:
-But, Warwick,
-Thou and Oxford, with five thousand men,
-Shall cross the seas, and bid false Edward battle;
-And, as occasion serves, this noble queen
-And prince shall follow with a fresh supply.
-Yet, ere thou go, but answer me one doubt,
-What pledge have we of thy firm loyalty?
-
-WARWICK:
-This shall assure my constant loyalty,
-That if our queen and this young prince agree,
-I'll join mine eldest daughter and my joy
-To him forthwith in holy wedlock bands.
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-Yes, I agree, and thank you for your motion.
-Son Edward, she is fair and virtuous,
-Therefore delay not, give thy hand to Warwick;
-And, with thy hand, thy faith irrevocable,
-That only Warwick's daughter shall be thine.
-
-PRINCE EDWARD:
-Yes, I accept her, for she well deserves it;
-And here, to pledge my vow, I give my hand.
-
-KING LEWIS XI:
-Why stay we now? These soldiers shall be levied,
-And thou, Lord Bourbon, our high admiral,
-Shalt waft them over with our royal fleet.
-I long till Edward fall by war's mischance,
-For mocking marriage with a dame of France.
-
-WARWICK:
-I came from Edward as ambassador,
-But I return his sworn and mortal foe:
-Matter of marriage was the charge he gave me,
-But dreadful war shall answer his demand.
-Had he none else to make a stale but me?
-Then none but I shall turn his jest to sorrow.
-I was the chief that raised him to the crown,
-And I'll be chief to bring him down again:
-Not that I pity Henry's misery,
-But seek revenge on Edward's mockery.
-3 KING HENRY VI
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Now tell me, brother Clarence, what think you
-Of this new marriage with the Lady Grey?
-Hath not our brother made a worthy choice?
-
-CLARENCE:
-Alas, you know, 'tis far from hence to France;
-How could he stay till Warwick made return?
-
-SOMERSET:
-My lords, forbear this talk; here comes the king.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-And his well-chosen bride.
-
-CLARENCE:
-I mind to tell him plainly what I think.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Now, brother of Clarence, how like you our choice,
-That you stand pensive, as half malcontent?
-
-CLARENCE:
-As well as Lewis of France, or the Earl of Warwick,
-Which are so weak of courage and in judgment
-That they'll take no offence at our abuse.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Suppose they take offence without a cause,
-They are but Lewis and Warwick: I am Edward,
-Your king and Warwick's, and must have my will.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-And shall have your will, because our king:
-Yet hasty marriage seldom proveth well.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Yea, brother Richard, are you offended too?
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Not I:
-No, God forbid that I should wish them sever'd
-Whom God hath join'd together; ay, and 'twere pity
-To sunder them that yoke so well together.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Setting your scorns and your mislike aside,
-Tell me some reason why the Lady Grey
-Should not become my wife and England's queen.
-And you too, Somerset and Montague,
-Speak freely what you think.
-
-CLARENCE:
-Then this is mine opinion: that King Lewis
-Becomes your enemy, for mocking him
-About the marriage of the Lady Bona.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-And Warwick, doing what you gave in charge,
-Is now dishonoured by this new marriage.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-What if both Lewis and Warwick be appeased
-By such invention as I can devise?
-
-MONTAGUE:
-Yet, to have join'd with France in such alliance
-Would more have strengthen'd this our commonwealth
-'Gainst foreign storms than any home-bred marriage.
-
-HASTINGS:
-Why, knows not Montague that of itself
-England is safe, if true within itself?
-
-MONTAGUE:
-But the safer when 'tis back'd with France.
-
-HASTINGS:
-'Tis better using France than trusting France:
-Let us be back'd with God and with the seas
-Which He hath given for fence impregnable,
-And with their helps only defend ourselves;
-In them and in ourselves our safety lies.
-
-CLARENCE:
-For this one speech Lord Hastings well deserves
-To have the heir of the Lord Hungerford.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Ay, what of that? it was my will and grant;
-And for this once my will shall stand for law.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-And yet methinks your grace hath not done well,
-To give the heir and daughter of Lord Scales
-Unto the brother of your loving bride;
-She better would have fitted me or Clarence:
-But in your bride you bury brotherhood.
-
-CLARENCE:
-Or else you would not have bestow'd the heir
-Of the Lord Bonville on your new wife's son,
-And leave your brothers to go speed elsewhere.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Alas, poor Clarence! is it for a wife
-That thou art malcontent? I will provide thee.
-
-CLARENCE:
-In choosing for yourself, you show'd your judgment,
-Which being shallow, you give me leave
-To play the broker in mine own behalf;
-And to that end I shortly mind to leave you.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Leave me, or tarry, Edward will be king,
-And not be tied unto his brother's will.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-My lords, before it pleased his majesty
-To raise my state to title of a queen,
-Do me but right, and you must all confess
-That I was not ignoble of descent;
-And meaner than myself have had like fortune.
-But as this title honours me and mine,
-So your dislike, to whom I would be pleasing,
-Doth cloud my joys with danger and with sorrow.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-My love, forbear to fawn upon their frowns:
-What danger or what sorrow can befall thee,
-So long as Edward is thy constant friend,
-And their true sovereign, whom they must obey?
-Nay, whom they shall obey, and love thee too,
-Unless they seek for hatred at my hands;
-Which if they do, yet will I keep thee safe,
-And they shall feel the vengeance of my wrath.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Now, messenger, what letters or what news
-From France?
-
-Post:
-My sovereign liege, no letters; and few words,
-But such as I, without your special pardon,
-Dare not relate.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Go to, we pardon thee: therefore, in brief,
-Tell me their words as near as thou canst guess them.
-What answer makes King Lewis unto our letters?
-
-Post:
-At my depart, these were his very words:
-'Go tell false Edward, thy supposed king,
-That Lewis of France is sending over masquers
-To revel it with him and his new bride.'
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Is Lewis so brave? belike he thinks me Henry.
-But what said Lady Bona to my marriage?
-
-Post:
-These were her words, utter'd with mad disdain:
-'Tell him, in hope he'll prove a widower shortly,
-I'll wear the willow garland for his sake.'
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-I blame not her, she could say little less;
-She had the wrong. But what said Henry's queen?
-For I have heard that she was there in place.
-
-Post:
-'Tell him,' quoth she, 'my mourning weeds are done,
-And I am ready to put armour on.'
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Belike she minds to play the Amazon.
-But what said Warwick to these injuries?
-
-Post:
-He, more incensed against your majesty
-Than all the rest, discharged me with these words:
-'Tell him from me that he hath done me wrong,
-And therefore I'll uncrown him ere't be long.'
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Ha! durst the traitor breathe out so proud words?
-Well I will arm me, being thus forewarn'd:
-They shall have wars and pay for their presumption.
-But say, is Warwick friends with Margaret?
-
-Post:
-Ay, gracious sovereign; they are so link'd in
-friendship
-That young Prince Edward marries Warwick's daughter.
-
-CLARENCE:
-Belike the elder; Clarence will have the younger.
-Now, brother king, farewell, and sit you fast,
-For I will hence to Warwick's other daughter;
-That, though I want a kingdom, yet in marriage
-I may not prove inferior to yourself.
-You that love me and Warwick, follow me.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Clarence and Somerset both gone to Warwick!
-Yet am I arm'd against the worst can happen;
-And haste is needful in this desperate case.
-Pembroke and Stafford, you in our behalf
-Go levy men, and make prepare for war;
-They are already, or quickly will be landed:
-Myself in person will straight follow you.
-But, ere I go, Hastings and Montague,
-Resolve my doubt. You twain, of all the rest,
-Are near to Warwick by blood and by alliance:
-Tell me if you love Warwick more than me?
-If it be so, then both depart to him;
-I rather wish you foes than hollow friends:
-But if you mind to hold your true obedience,
-Give me assurance with some friendly vow,
-That I may never have you in suspect.
-
-MONTAGUE:
-So God help Montague as he proves true!
-
-HASTINGS:
-And Hastings as he favours Edward's cause!
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Now, brother Richard, will you stand by us?
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Ay, in despite of all that shall withstand you.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Why, so! then am I sure of victory.
-Now therefore let us hence; and lose no hour,
-Till we meet Warwick with his foreign power.
-3 KING HENRY VI
-
-WARWICK:
-Trust me, my lord, all hitherto goes well;
-The common people by numbers swarm to us.
-But see where Somerset and Clarence come!
-Speak suddenly, my lords, are we all friends?
-
-CLARENCE:
-Fear not that, my lord.
-
-WARWICK:
-Then, gentle Clarence, welcome unto Warwick;
-And welcome, Somerset: I hold it cowardice
-To rest mistrustful where a noble heart
-Hath pawn'd an open hand in sign of love;
-Else might I think that Clarence, Edward's brother,
-Were but a feigned friend to our proceedings:
-But welcome, sweet Clarence; my daughter shall be thine.
-And now what rests but, in night's coverture,
-Thy brother being carelessly encamp'd,
-His soldiers lurking in the towns about,
-And but attended by a simple guard,
-We may surprise and take him at our pleasure?
-Our scouts have found the adventure very easy:
-That as Ulysses and stout Diomede
-With sleight and manhood stole to Rhesus' tents,
-And brought from thence the Thracian fatal steeds,
-So we, well cover'd with the night's black mantle,
-At unawares may beat down Edward's guard
-And seize himself; I say not, slaughter him,
-For I intend but only to surprise him.
-You that will follow me to this attempt,
-Applaud the name of Henry with your leader.
-Why, then, let's on our way in silent sort:
-For Warwick and his friends, God and Saint George!
-3 KING HENRY VI
-
-First Watchman:
-Come on, my masters, each man take his stand:
-The king by this is set him down to sleep.
-
-Second Watchman:
-What, will he not to bed?
-
-First Watchman:
-Why, no; for he hath made a solemn vow
-Never to lie and take his natural rest
-Till Warwick or himself be quite suppress'd.
-
-Second Watchman:
-To-morrow then belike shall be the day,
-If Warwick be so near as men report.
-
-Third Watchman:
-But say, I pray, what nobleman is that
-That with the king here resteth in his tent?
-
-First Watchman:
-'Tis the Lord Hastings, the king's chiefest friend.
-
-Third Watchman:
-O, is it so? But why commands the king
-That his chief followers lodge in towns about him,
-While he himself keeps in the cold field?
-
-Second Watchman:
-'Tis the more honour, because more dangerous.
-
-Third Watchman:
-Ay, but give me worship and quietness;
-I like it better than a dangerous honour.
-If Warwick knew in what estate he stands,
-'Tis to be doubted he would waken him.
-
-First Watchman:
-Unless our halberds did shut up his passage.
-
-Second Watchman:
-Ay, wherefore else guard we his royal tent,
-But to defend his person from night-foes?
-
-WARWICK:
-This is his tent; and see where stand his guard.
-Courage, my masters! honour now or never!
-But follow me, and Edward shall be ours.
-
-First Watchman:
-Who goes there?
-
-Second Watchman:
-Stay, or thou diest!
-
-SOMERSET:
-What are they that fly there?
-
-WARWICK:
-Richard and Hastings: let them go; here is The duke.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-The duke! Why, Warwick, when we parted,
-Thou call'dst me king.
-
-WARWICK:
-Ay, but the case is alter'd:
-When you disgraced me in my embassade,
-Then I degraded you from being king,
-And come now to create you Duke of York.
-Alas! how should you govern any kingdom,
-That know not how to use ambassadors,
-Nor how to be contented with one wife,
-Nor how to use your brothers brotherly,
-Nor how to study for the people's welfare,
-Nor how to shroud yourself from enemies?
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Yea, brother of Clarence, are thou here too?
-Nay, then I see that Edward needs must down.
-Yet, Warwick, in despite of all mischance,
-Of thee thyself and all thy complices,
-Edward will always bear himself as king:
-Though fortune's malice overthrow my state,
-My mind exceeds the compass of her wheel.
-
-WARWICK:
-Then, for his mind, be Edward England's king:
-But Henry now shall wear the English crown,
-And be true king indeed, thou but the shadow.
-My Lord of Somerset, at my request,
-See that forthwith Duke Edward be convey'd
-Unto my brother, Archbishop of York.
-When I have fought with Pembroke and his fellows,
-I'll follow you, and tell what answer
-Lewis and the Lady Bona send to him.
-Now, for a while farewell, good Duke of York.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-What fates impose, that men must needs abide;
-It boots not to resist both wind and tide.
-
-OXFORD:
-What now remains, my lords, for us to do
-But march to London with our soldiers?
-
-WARWICK:
-Ay, that's the first thing that we have to do;
-To free King Henry from imprisonment
-And see him seated in the regal throne.
-3 KING HENRY VI
-
-RIVERS:
-Madam, what makes you in this sudden change?
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-Why brother Rivers, are you yet to learn
-What late misfortune is befall'n King Edward?
-
-RIVERS:
-What! loss of some pitch'd battle against Warwick?
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-No, but the loss of his own royal person.
-
-RIVERS:
-Then is my sovereign slain?
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-Ay, almost slain, for he is taken prisoner,
-Either betray'd by falsehood of his guard
-Or by his foe surprised at unawares:
-And, as I further have to understand,
-Is new committed to the Bishop of York,
-Fell Warwick's brother and by that our foe.
-
-RIVERS:
-These news I must confess are full of grief;
-Yet, gracious madam, bear it as you may:
-Warwick may lose, that now hath won the day.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-Till then fair hope must hinder life's decay.
-And I the rather wean me from despair
-For love of Edward's offspring in my womb:
-This is it that makes me bridle passion
-And bear with mildness my misfortune's cross;
-Ay, ay, for this I draw in many a tear
-And stop the rising of blood-sucking sighs,
-Lest with my sighs or tears I blast or drown
-King Edward's fruit, true heir to the English crown.
-
-RIVERS:
-But, madam, where is Warwick then become?
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-I am inform'd that he comes towards London,
-To set the crown once more on Henry's head:
-Guess thou the rest; King Edward's friends must down,
-But, to prevent the tyrant's violence,--
-For trust not him that hath once broken faith,--
-I'll hence forthwith unto the sanctuary,
-To save at least the heir of Edward's right:
-There shall I rest secure from force and fraud.
-Come, therefore, let us fly while we may fly:
-If Warwick take us we are sure to die.
-3 KING HENRY VI
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Now, my Lord Hastings and Sir William Stanley,
-Leave off to wonder why I drew you hither,
-Into this chiefest thicket of the park.
-Thus stands the case: you know our king, my brother,
-Is prisoner to the bishop here, at whose hands
-He hath good usage and great liberty,
-And, often but attended with weak guard,
-Comes hunting this way to disport himself.
-I have advertised him by secret means
-That if about this hour he make his way
-Under the colour of his usual game,
-He shall here find his friends with horse and men
-To set him free from his captivity.
-
-Huntsman:
-This way, my lord; for this way lies the game.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Nay, this way, man: see where the huntsmen stand.
-Now, brother of Gloucester, Lord Hastings, and the rest,
-Stand you thus close, to steal the bishop's deer?
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Brother, the time and case requireth haste:
-Your horse stands ready at the park-corner.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-But whither shall we then?
-
-HASTINGS:
-To Lynn, my lord,
-And ship from thence to Flanders.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Well guess'd, believe me; for that was my meaning.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Stanley, I will requite thy forwardness.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-But wherefore stay we? 'tis no time to talk.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Huntsman, what say'st thou? wilt thou go along?
-
-Huntsman:
-Better do so than tarry and be hang'd.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Come then, away; let's ha' no more ado.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Bishop, farewell: shield thee from Warwick's frown;
-And pray that I may repossess the crown.
-3 KING HENRY VI
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-Master lieutenant, now that God and friends
-Have shaken Edward from the regal seat,
-And turn'd my captive state to liberty,
-My fear to hope, my sorrows unto joys,
-At our enlargement what are thy due fees?
-
-Lieutenant:
-Subjects may challenge nothing of their sovereigns;
-But if an humble prayer may prevail,
-I then crave pardon of your majesty.
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-For what, lieutenant? for well using me?
-Nay, be thou sure I'll well requite thy kindness,
-For that it made my imprisonment a pleasure;
-Ay, such a pleasure as incaged birds
-Conceive when after many moody thoughts
-At last by notes of household harmony
-They quite forget their loss of liberty.
-But, Warwick, after God, thou set'st me free,
-And chiefly therefore I thank God and thee;
-He was the author, thou the instrument.
-Therefore, that I may conquer fortune's spite
-By living low, where fortune cannot hurt me,
-And that the people of this blessed land
-May not be punish'd with my thwarting stars,
-Warwick, although my head still wear the crown,
-I here resign my government to thee,
-For thou art fortunate in all thy deeds.
-
-WARWICK:
-Your grace hath still been famed for virtuous;
-And now may seem as wise as virtuous,
-By spying and avoiding fortune's malice,
-For few men rightly temper with the stars:
-Yet in this one thing let me blame your grace,
-For choosing me when Clarence is in place.
-
-CLARENCE:
-No, Warwick, thou art worthy of the sway,
-To whom the heavens in thy nativity
-Adjudged an olive branch and laurel crown,
-As likely to be blest in peace and war;
-And therefore I yield thee my free consent.
-
-WARWICK:
-And I choose Clarence only for protector.
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-Warwick and Clarence give me both your hands:
-Now join your hands, and with your hands your hearts,
-That no dissension hinder government:
-I make you both protectors of this land,
-While I myself will lead a private life
-And in devotion spend my latter days,
-To sin's rebuke and my Creator's praise.
-
-WARWICK:
-What answers Clarence to his sovereign's will?
-
-CLARENCE:
-That he consents, if Warwick yield consent;
-For on thy fortune I repose myself.
-
-WARWICK:
-Why, then, though loath, yet must I be content:
-We'll yoke together, like a double shadow
-To Henry's body, and supply his place;
-I mean, in bearing weight of government,
-While he enjoys the honour and his ease.
-And, Clarence, now then it is more than needful
-Forthwith that Edward be pronounced a traitor,
-And all his lands and goods be confiscate.
-
-CLARENCE:
-What else? and that succession be determined.
-
-WARWICK:
-Ay, therein Clarence shall not want his part.
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-But, with the first of all your chief affairs,
-Let me entreat, for I command no more,
-That Margaret your queen and my son Edward
-Be sent for, to return from France with speed;
-For, till I see them here, by doubtful fear
-My joy of liberty is half eclipsed.
-
-CLARENCE:
-It shall be done, my sovereign, with all speed.
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-My Lord of Somerset, what youth is that,
-Of whom you seem to have so tender care?
-
-SOMERSET:
-My liege, it is young Henry, earl of Richmond.
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-Come hither, England's hope.
-If secret powers
-Suggest but truth to my divining thoughts,
-This pretty lad will prove our country's bliss.
-His looks are full of peaceful majesty,
-His head by nature framed to wear a crown,
-His hand to wield a sceptre, and himself
-Likely in time to bless a regal throne.
-Make much of him, my lords, for this is he
-Must help you more than you are hurt by me.
-
-WARWICK:
-What news, my friend?
-
-Post:
-That Edward is escaped from your brother,
-And fled, as he hears since, to Burgundy.
-
-WARWICK:
-Unsavoury news! but how made he escape?
-
-Post:
-He was convey'd by Richard Duke of Gloucester
-And the Lord Hastings, who attended him
-In secret ambush on the forest side
-And from the bishop's huntsmen rescued him;
-For hunting was his daily exercise.
-
-WARWICK:
-My brother was too careless of his charge.
-But let us hence, my sovereign, to provide
-A salve for any sore that may betide.
-
-SOMERSET:
-My lord, I like not of this flight of Edward's;
-For doubtless Burgundy will yield him help,
-And we shall have more wars before 't be long.
-As Henry's late presaging prophecy
-Did glad my heart with hope of this young Richmond,
-So doth my heart misgive me, in these conflicts
-What may befall him, to his harm and ours:
-Therefore, Lord Oxford, to prevent the worst,
-Forthwith we'll send him hence to Brittany,
-Till storms be past of civil enmity.
-
-OXFORD:
-Ay, for if Edward repossess the crown,
-'Tis like that Richmond with the rest shall down.
-
-SOMERSET:
-It shall be so; he shall to Brittany.
-Come, therefore, let's about it speedily.
-3 KING HENRY VI
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Now, brother Richard, Lord Hastings, and the rest,
-Yet thus far fortune maketh us amends,
-And says that once more I shall interchange
-My waned state for Henry's regal crown.
-Well have we pass'd and now repass'd the seas
-And brought desired help from Burgundy:
-What then remains, we being thus arrived
-From Ravenspurgh haven before the gates of York,
-But that we enter, as into our dukedom?
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-The gates made fast! Brother, I like not this;
-For many men that stumble at the threshold
-Are well foretold that danger lurks within.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Tush, man, abodements must not now affright us:
-By fair or foul means we must enter in,
-For hither will our friends repair to us.
-
-HASTINGS:
-My liege, I'll knock once more to summon them.
-
-Mayor:
-My lords, we were forewarned of your coming,
-And shut the gates for safety of ourselves;
-For now we owe allegiance unto Henry.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-But, master mayor, if Henry be your king,
-Yet Edward at the least is Duke of York.
-
-Mayor:
-True, my good lord; I know you for no less.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Why, and I challenge nothing but my dukedom,
-As being well content with that alone.
-
-HASTINGS:
-Why, master mayor, why stand you in a doubt?
-Open the gates; we are King Henry's friends.
-
-Mayor:
-Ay, say you so? the gates shall then be open'd.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-A wise stout captain, and soon persuaded!
-
-HASTINGS:
-The good old man would fain that all were well,
-So 'twere not 'long of him; but being enter'd,
-I doubt not, I, but we shall soon persuade
-Both him and all his brothers unto reason.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-So, master mayor: these gates must not be shut
-But in the night or in the time of war.
-What! fear not, man, but yield me up the keys;
-For Edward will defend the town and thee,
-And all those friends that deign to follow me.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Brother, this is Sir John Montgomery,
-Our trusty friend, unless I be deceived.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Welcome, Sir John! But why come you in arms?
-
-MONTAGUE:
-To help King Edward in his time of storm,
-As every loyal subject ought to do.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Thanks, good Montgomery; but we now forget
-Our title to the crown and only claim
-Our dukedom till God please to send the rest.
-
-MONTAGUE:
-Then fare you well, for I will hence again:
-I came to serve a king and not a duke.
-Drummer, strike up, and let us march away.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Nay, stay, Sir John, awhile, and we'll debate
-By what safe means the crown may be recover'd.
-
-MONTAGUE:
-What talk you of debating? in few words,
-If you'll not here proclaim yourself our king,
-I'll leave you to your fortune and be gone
-To keep them back that come to succor you:
-Why shall we fight, if you pretend no title?
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Why, brother, wherefore stand you on nice points?
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-When we grow stronger, then we'll make our claim:
-Till then, 'tis wisdom to conceal our meaning.
-
-HASTINGS:
-Away with scrupulous wit! now arms must rule.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-And fearless minds climb soonest unto crowns.
-Brother, we will proclaim you out of hand:
-The bruit thereof will bring you many friends.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Then be it as you will; for 'tis my right,
-And Henry but usurps the diadem.
-
-MONTAGUE:
-Ay, now my sovereign speaketh like himself;
-And now will I be Edward's champion.
-
-HASTINGS:
-Sound trumpet; Edward shall be here proclaim'd:
-Come, fellow-soldier, make thou proclamation.
-
-Soldier:
-Edward the Fourth, by the grace of God, king of
-England and France, and lord of Ireland, &c.
-
-MONTAGUE:
-And whosoe'er gainsays King Edward's right,
-By this I challenge him to single fight.
-
-All:
-Long live Edward the Fourth!
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Thanks, brave Montgomery; and thanks unto you all:
-If fortune serve me, I'll requite this kindness.
-Now, for this night, let's harbour here in York;
-And when the morning sun shall raise his car
-Above the border of this horizon,
-We'll forward towards Warwick and his mates;
-For well I wot that Henry is no soldier.
-Ah, froward Clarence! how evil it beseems thee
-To flatter Henry and forsake thy brother!
-Yet, as we may, we'll meet both thee and Warwick.
-Come on, brave soldiers: doubt not of the day,
-And, that once gotten, doubt not of large pay.
-3 KING HENRY VI
-
-WARWICK:
-What counsel, lords? Edward from Belgia,
-With hasty Germans and blunt Hollanders,
-Hath pass'd in safety through the narrow seas,
-And with his troops doth march amain to London;
-And many giddy people flock to him.
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-Let's levy men, and beat him back again.
-
-CLARENCE:
-A little fire is quickly trodden out;
-Which, being suffer'd, rivers cannot quench.
-
-WARWICK:
-In Warwickshire I have true-hearted friends,
-Not mutinous in peace, yet bold in war;
-Those will I muster up: and thou, son Clarence,
-Shalt stir up in Suffolk, Norfolk, and in Kent,
-The knights and gentlemen to come with thee:
-Thou, brother Montague, in Buckingham,
-Northampton and in Leicestershire, shalt find
-Men well inclined to hear what thou command'st:
-And thou, brave Oxford, wondrous well beloved,
-In Oxfordshire shalt muster up thy friends.
-My sovereign, with the loving citizens,
-Like to his island girt in with the ocean,
-Or modest Dian circled with her nymphs,
-Shall rest in London till we come to him.
-Fair lords, take leave and stand not to reply.
-Farewell, my sovereign.
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-Farewell, my Hector, and my Troy's true hope.
-
-CLARENCE:
-In sign of truth, I kiss your highness' hand.
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-Well-minded Clarence, be thou fortunate!
-
-MONTAGUE:
-Comfort, my lord; and so I take my leave.
-
-OXFORD:
-And thus I seal my truth, and bid adieu.
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-Sweet Oxford, and my loving Montague,
-And all at once, once more a happy farewell.
-
-WARWICK:
-Farewell, sweet lords: let's meet at Coventry.
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-Here at the palace I will rest awhile.
-Cousin of Exeter, what thinks your lordship?
-Methinks the power that Edward hath in field
-Should not be able to encounter mine.
-
-EXETER:
-The doubt is that he will seduce the rest.
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-That's not my fear; my meed hath got me fame:
-I have not stopp'd mine ears to their demands,
-Nor posted off their suits with slow delays;
-My pity hath been balm to heal their wounds,
-My mildness hath allay'd their swelling griefs,
-My mercy dried their water-flowing tears;
-I have not been desirous of their wealth,
-Nor much oppress'd them with great subsidies.
-Nor forward of revenge, though they much err'd:
-Then why should they love Edward more than me?
-No, Exeter, these graces challenge grace:
-And when the lion fawns upon the lamb,
-The lamb will never cease to follow him.
-
-EXETER:
-Hark, hark, my lord! what shouts are these?
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Seize on the shame-faced Henry, bear him hence;
-And once again proclaim us King of England.
-You are the fount that makes small brooks to flow:
-Now stops thy spring; my sea sha$l suck them dry,
-And swell so much the higher by their ebb.
-Hence with him to the Tower; let him not speak.
-And, lords, towards Coventry bend we our course
-Where peremptory Warwick now remains:
-The sun shines hot; and, if we use delay,
-Cold biting winter mars our hoped-for hay.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Away betimes, before his forces join,
-And take the great-grown traitor unawares:
-Brave warriors, march amain towards Coventry.
-3 KING HENRY VI
-
-WARWICK:
-Where is the post that came from valiant Oxford?
-How far hence is thy lord, mine honest fellow?
-
-First Messenger:
-By this at Dunsmore, marching hitherward.
-
-WARWICK:
-How far off is our brother Montague?
-Where is the post that came from Montague?
-
-Second Messenger:
-By this at Daintry, with a puissant troop.
-
-WARWICK:
-Say, Somerville, what says my loving son?
-And, by thy guess, how nigh is Clarence now?
-
-SOMERSET:
-At Southam I did leave him with his forces,
-And do expect him here some two hours hence.
-
-WARWICK:
-Then Clarence is at hand, I hear his drum.
-
-SOMERSET:
-It is not his, my lord; here Southam lies:
-The drum your honour hears marcheth from Warwick.
-
-WARWICK:
-Who should that be? belike, unlook'd-for friends.
-
-SOMERSET:
-They are at hand, and you shall quickly know.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Go, trumpet, to the walls, and sound a parle.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-See how the surly Warwick mans the wall!
-
-WARWICK:
-O unbid spite! is sportful Edward come?
-Where slept our scouts, or how are they seduced,
-That we could hear no news of his repair?
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Now, Warwick, wilt thou ope the city gates,
-Speak gentle words and humbly bend thy knee,
-Call Edward king and at his hands beg mercy?
-And he shall pardon thee these outrages.
-
-WARWICK:
-Nay, rather, wilt thou draw thy forces hence,
-Confess who set thee up and pluck'd thee own,
-Call Warwick patron and be penitent?
-And thou shalt still remain the Duke of York.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-I thought, at least, he would have said the king;
-Or did he make the jest against his will?
-
-WARWICK:
-Is not a dukedom, sir, a goodly gift?
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Ay, by my faith, for a poor earl to give:
-I'll do thee service for so good a gift.
-
-WARWICK:
-'Twas I that gave the kingdom to thy brother.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Why then 'tis mine, if but by Warwick's gift.
-
-WARWICK:
-Thou art no Atlas for so great a weight:
-And weakling, Warwick takes his gift again;
-And Henry is my king, Warwick his subject.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-But Warwick's king is Edward's prisoner:
-And, gallant Warwick, do but answer this:
-What is the body when the head is off?
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Alas, that Warwick had no more forecast,
-But, whiles he thought to steal the single ten,
-The king was slily finger'd from the deck!
-You left poor Henry at the Bishop's palace,
-And, ten to one, you'll meet him in the Tower.
-
-EDWARD:
-'Tis even so; yet you are Warwick still.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Come, Warwick, take the time; kneel down, kneel down:
-Nay, when? strike now, or else the iron cools.
-
-WARWICK:
-I had rather chop this hand off at a blow,
-And with the other fling it at thy face,
-Than bear so low a sail, to strike to thee.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Sail how thou canst, have wind and tide thy friend,
-This hand, fast wound about thy coal-black hair
-Shall, whiles thy head is warm and new cut off,
-Write in the dust this sentence with thy blood,
-'Wind-changing Warwick now can change no more.'
-
-WARWICK:
-O cheerful colours! see where Oxford comes!
-
-OXFORD:
-Oxford, Oxford, for Lancaster!
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-The gates are open, let us enter too.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-So other foes may set upon our backs.
-Stand we in good array; for they no doubt
-Will issue out again and bid us battle:
-If not, the city being but of small defence,
-We'll quickly rouse the traitors in the same.
-
-WARWICK:
-O, welcome, Oxford! for we want thy help.
-
-MONTAGUE:
-Montague, Montague, for Lancaster!
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Thou and thy brother both shall buy this treason
-Even with the dearest blood your bodies bear.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-The harder match'd, the greater victory:
-My mind presageth happy gain and conquest.
-
-SOMERSET:
-Somerset, Somerset, for Lancaster!
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Two of thy name, both Dukes of Somerset,
-Have sold their lives unto the house of York;
-And thou shalt be the third if this sword hold.
-
-WARWICK:
-And lo, where George of Clarence sweeps along,
-Of force enough to bid his brother battle;
-With whom an upright zeal to right prevails
-More than the nature of a brother's love!
-Come, Clarence, come; thou wilt, if Warwick call.
-
-CLARENCE:
-Father of Warwick, know you what this means?
-Look here, I throw my infamy at thee
-I will not ruinate my father's house,
-Who gave his blood to lime the stones together,
-And set up Lancaster. Why, trow'st thou, Warwick,
-That Clarence is so harsh, so blunt, unnatural,
-To bend the fatal instruments of war
-Against his brother and his lawful king?
-Perhaps thou wilt object my holy oath:
-To keep that oath were more impiety
-Than Jephthah's, when he sacrificed his daughter.
-I am so sorry for my trespass made
-That, to deserve well at my brother's hands,
-I here proclaim myself thy mortal foe,
-With resolution, wheresoe'er I meet thee--
-As I will meet thee, if thou stir abroad--
-To plague thee for thy foul misleading me.
-And so, proud-hearted Warwick, I defy thee,
-And to my brother turn my blushing cheeks.
-Pardon me, Edward, I will make amends:
-And, Richard, do not frown upon my faults,
-For I will henceforth be no more unconstant.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Now welcome more, and ten times more beloved,
-Than if thou never hadst deserved our hate.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Welcome, good Clarence; this is brotherlike.
-
-WARWICK:
-O passing traitor, perjured and unjust!
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-What, Warwick, wilt thou leave the town and fight?
-Or shall we beat the stones about thine ears?
-
-WARWICK:
-Alas, I am not coop'd here for defence!
-I will away towards Barnet presently,
-And bid thee battle, Edward, if thou darest.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Yes, Warwick, Edward dares, and leads the way.
-Lords, to the field; Saint George and victory!
-3 KING HENRY VI
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-So, lie thou there: die thou, and die our fear;
-For Warwick was a bug that fear'd us all.
-Now, Montague, sit fast; I seek for thee,
-That Warwick's bones may keep thine company.
-
-WARWICK:
-Ah, who is nigh? come to me, friend or foe,
-And tell me who is victor, York or Warwick?
-Why ask I that? my mangled body shows,
-My blood, my want of strength, my sick heart shows.
-That I must yield my body to the earth
-And, by my fall, the conquest to my foe.
-Thus yields the cedar to the axe's edge,
-Whose arms gave shelter to the princely eagle,
-Under whose shade the ramping lion slept,
-Whose top-branch overpeer'd Jove's spreading tree
-And kept low shrubs from winter's powerful wind.
-These eyes, that now are dimm'd with death's black veil,
-Have been as piercing as the mid-day sun,
-To search the secret treasons of the world:
-The wrinkles in my brows, now filled with blood,
-Were liken'd oft to kingly sepulchres;
-For who lived king, but I could dig his grave?
-And who durst mine when Warwick bent his brow?
-Lo, now my glory smear'd in dust and blood!
-My parks, my walks, my manors that I had.
-Even now forsake me, and of all my lands
-Is nothing left me but my body's length.
-Why, what is pomp, rule, reign, but earth and dust?
-And, live we how we can, yet die we must.
-
-SOMERSET:
-Ah, Warwick, Warwick! wert thou as we are.
-We might recover all our loss again;
-The queen from France hath brought a puissant power:
-Even now we heard the news: ah, could'st thou fly!
-
-WARWICK:
-Why, then I would not fly. Ah, Montague,
-If thou be there, sweet brother, take my hand.
-And with thy lips keep in my soul awhile!
-Thou lovest me not; for, brother, if thou didst,
-Thy tears would wash this cold congealed blood
-That glues my lips and will not let me speak.
-Come quickly, Montague, or I am dead.
-
-SOMERSET:
-Ah, Warwick! Montague hath breathed his last;
-And to the latest gasp cried out for Warwick,
-And said 'Commend me to my valiant brother.'
-And more he would have said, and more he spoke,
-Which sounded like a clamour in a vault,
-That mought not be distinguished; but at last
-I well might hear, delivered with a groan,
-'O, farewell, Warwick!'
-
-WARWICK:
-Sweet rest his soul! Fly, lords, and save yourselves;
-For Warwick bids you all farewell to meet in heaven.
-
-OXFORD:
-Away, away, to meet the queen's great power!
-3 KING HENRY VI
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Thus far our fortune keeps an upward course,
-And we are graced with wreaths of victory.
-But, in the midst of this bright-shining day,
-I spy a black, suspicious, threatening cloud,
-That will encounter with our glorious sun,
-Ere he attain his easeful western bed:
-I mean, my lords, those powers that the queen
-Hath raised in Gallia have arrived our coast
-And, as we hear, march on to fight with us.
-
-CLARENCE:
-A little gale will soon disperse that cloud
-And blow it to the source from whence it came:
-The very beams will dry those vapours up,
-For every cloud engenders not a storm.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-The queen is valued thirty thousand strong,
-And Somerset, with Oxford fled to her:
-If she have time to breathe be well assured
-Her faction will be full as strong as ours.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-We are advertised by our loving friends
-That they do hold their course toward Tewksbury:
-We, having now the best at Barnet field,
-Will thither straight, for willingness rids way;
-And, as we march, our strength will be augmented
-In every county as we go along.
-Strike up the drum; cry 'Courage!' and away.
-3 KING HENRY VI
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-Great lords, wise men ne'er sit and wail their loss,
-But cheerly seek how to redress their harms.
-What though the mast be now blown overboard,
-The cable broke, the holding-anchor lost,
-And half our sailors swallow'd in the flood?
-Yet lives our pilot still. Is't meet that he
-Should leave the helm and like a fearful lad
-With tearful eyes add water to the sea
-And give more strength to that which hath too much,
-Whiles, in his moan, the ship splits on the rock,
-Which industry and courage might have saved?
-Ah, what a shame! ah, what a fault were this!
-Say Warwick was our anchor; what of that?
-And Montague our topmost; what of him?
-Our slaughter'd friends the tackles; what of these?
-Why, is not Oxford here another anchor?
-And Somerset another goodly mast?
-The friends of France our shrouds and tacklings?
-And, though unskilful, why not Ned and I
-For once allow'd the skilful pilot's charge?
-We will not from the helm to sit and weep,
-But keep our course, though the rough wind say no,
-From shelves and rocks that threaten us with wreck.
-As good to chide the waves as speak them fair.
-And what is Edward but ruthless sea?
-What Clarence but a quicksand of deceit?
-And Richard but a ragged fatal rock?
-All these the enemies to our poor bark.
-Say you can swim; alas, 'tis but a while!
-Tread on the sand; why, there you quickly sink:
-Bestride the rock; the tide will wash you off,
-Or else you famish; that's a threefold death.
-This speak I, lords, to let you understand,
-If case some one of you would fly from us,
-That there's no hoped-for mercy with the brothers
-More than with ruthless waves, with sands and rocks.
-Why, courage then! what cannot be avoided
-'Twere childish weakness to lament or fear.
-
-PRINCE EDWARD:
-Methinks a woman of this valiant spirit
-Should, if a coward heard her speak these words,
-Infuse his breast with magnanimity
-And make him, naked, foil a man at arms.
-I speak not this as doubting any here
-For did I but suspect a fearful man
-He should have leave to go away betimes,
-Lest in our need he might infect another
-And make him of like spirit to himself.
-If any such be here--as God forbid!--
-Let him depart before we need his help.
-
-OXFORD:
-Women and children of so high a courage,
-And warriors faint! why, 'twere perpetual shame.
-O brave young prince! thy famous grandfather
-Doth live again in thee: long mayst thou live
-To bear his image and renew his glories!
-
-SOMERSET:
-And he that will not fight for such a hope.
-Go home to bed, and like the owl by day,
-If he arise, be mock'd and wonder'd at.
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-Thanks, gentle Somerset; sweet Oxford, thanks.
-
-PRINCE EDWARD:
-And take his thanks that yet hath nothing else.
-
-Messenger:
-Prepare you, lords, for Edward is at hand.
-Ready to fight; therefore be resolute.
-
-OXFORD:
-I thought no less: it is his policy
-To haste thus fast, to find us unprovided.
-
-SOMERSET:
-But he's deceived; we are in readiness.
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-This cheers my heart, to see your forwardness.
-
-OXFORD:
-Here pitch our battle; hence we will not budge.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Brave followers, yonder stands the thorny wood,
-Which, by the heavens' assistance and your strength,
-Must by the roots be hewn up yet ere night.
-I need not add more fuel to your fire,
-For well I wot ye blaze to burn them out
-Give signal to the fight, and to it, lords!
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-Lords, knights, and gentlemen, what I should say
-My tears gainsay; for every word I speak,
-Ye see, I drink the water of mine eyes.
-Therefore, no more but this: Henry, your sovereign,
-Is prisoner to the foe; his state usurp'd,
-His realm a slaughter-house, his subjects slain,
-His statutes cancell'd and his treasure spent;
-And yonder is the wolf that makes this spoil.
-You fight in justice: then, in God's name, lords,
-Be valiant and give signal to the fight.
-3 KING HENRY VI
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Now here a period of tumultuous broils.
-Away with Oxford to Hames Castle straight:
-For Somerset, off with his guilty head.
-Go, bear them hence; I will not hear them speak.
-
-OXFORD:
-For my part, I'll not trouble thee with words.
-
-SOMERSET:
-Nor I, but stoop with patience to my fortune.
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-So part we sadly in this troublous world,
-To meet with joy in sweet Jerusalem.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Is proclamation made, that who finds Edward
-Shall have a high reward, and he his life?
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-It is: and lo, where youthful Edward comes!
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Bring forth the gallant, let us hear him speak.
-What! can so young a thorn begin to prick?
-Edward, what satisfaction canst thou make
-For bearing arms, for stirring up my subjects,
-And all the trouble thou hast turn'd me to?
-
-PRINCE EDWARD:
-Speak like a subject, proud ambitious York!
-Suppose that I am now my father's mouth;
-Resign thy chair, and where I stand kneel thou,
-Whilst I propose the selfsame words to thee,
-Which traitor, thou wouldst have me answer to.
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-Ah, that thy father had been so resolved!
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-That you might still have worn the petticoat,
-And ne'er have stol'n the breech from Lancaster.
-
-PRINCE EDWARD:
-Let AEsop fable in a winter's night;
-His currish riddles sort not with this place.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-By heaven, brat, I'll plague ye for that word.
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-Ay, thou wast born to be a plague to men.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-For God's sake, take away this captive scold.
-
-PRINCE EDWARD:
-Nay, take away this scolding crookback rather.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Peace, wilful boy, or I will charm your tongue.
-
-CLARENCE:
-Untutor'd lad, thou art too malapert.
-
-PRINCE EDWARD:
-I know my duty; you are all undutiful:
-Lascivious Edward, and thou perjured George,
-And thou mis-shapen Dick, I tell ye all
-I am your better, traitors as ye are:
-And thou usurp'st my father's right and mine.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Take that, thou likeness of this railer here.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Sprawl'st thou? take that, to end thy agony.
-
-CLARENCE:
-And there's for twitting me with perjury.
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-O, kill me too!
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Marry, and shall.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Hold, Richard, hold; for we have done too much.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Why should she live, to fill the world with words?
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-What, doth she swoon? use means for her recovery.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Clarence, excuse me to the king my brother;
-I'll hence to London on a serious matter:
-Ere ye come there, be sure to hear some news.
-
-CLARENCE:
-What? what?
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-The Tower, the Tower.
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-O Ned, sweet Ned! speak to thy mother, boy!
-Canst thou not speak? O traitors! murderers!
-They that stabb'd Caesar shed no blood at all,
-Did not offend, nor were not worthy blame,
-If this foul deed were by to equal it:
-He was a man; this, in respect, a child:
-And men ne'er spend their fury on a child.
-What's worse than murderer, that I may name it?
-No, no, my heart will burst, and if I speak:
-And I will speak, that so my heart may burst.
-Butchers and villains! bloody cannibals!
-How sweet a plant have you untimely cropp'd!
-You have no children, butchers! if you had,
-The thought of them would have stirr'd up remorse:
-But if you ever chance to have a child,
-Look in his youth to have him so cut off
-As, deathmen, you have rid this sweet young prince!
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Away with her; go, bear her hence perforce.
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-Nay, never bear me hence, dispatch me here,
-Here sheathe thy sword, I'll pardon thee my death:
-What, wilt thou not? then, Clarence, do it thou.
-
-CLARENCE:
-By heaven, I will not do thee so much ease.
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-Good Clarence, do; sweet Clarence, do thou do it.
-
-CLARENCE:
-Didst thou not hear me swear I would not do it?
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-Ay, but thou usest to forswear thyself:
-'Twas sin before, but now 'tis charity.
-What, wilt thou not? Where is that devil's butcher,
-Hard-favour'd Richard? Richard, where art thou?
-Thou art not here: murder is thy alms-deed;
-Petitioners for blood thou ne'er put'st back.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Away, I say; I charge ye, bear her hence.
-
-QUEEN MARGARET:
-So come to you and yours, as to this Prince!
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Where's Richard gone?
-
-CLARENCE:
-To London, all in post; and, as I guess,
-To make a bloody supper in the Tower.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-He's sudden, if a thing comes in his head.
-Now march we hence: discharge the common sort
-With pay and thanks, and let's away to London
-And see our gentle queen how well she fares:
-By this, I hope, she hath a son for me.
-3 KING HENRY VI
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Good day, my lord. What, at your book so hard?
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-Ay, my good lord:--my lord, I should say rather;
-'Tis sin to flatter; 'good' was little better:
-'Good Gloucester' and 'good devil' were alike,
-And both preposterous; therefore, not 'good lord.'
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Sirrah, leave us to ourselves: we must confer.
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-So flies the reckless shepherd from the wolf;
-So first the harmless sheep doth yield his fleece
-And next his throat unto the butcher's knife.
-What scene of death hath Roscius now to act?
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Suspicion always haunts the guilty mind;
-The thief doth fear each bush an officer.
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-The bird that hath been limed in a bush,
-With trembling wings misdoubteth every bush;
-And I, the hapless male to one sweet bird,
-Have now the fatal object in my eye
-Where my poor young was limed, was caught and kill'd.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Why, what a peevish fool was that of Crete,
-That taught his son the office of a fowl!
-An yet, for all his wings, the fool was drown'd.
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-I, Daedalus; my poor boy, Icarus;
-Thy father, Minos, that denied our course;
-The sun that sear'd the wings of my sweet boy
-Thy brother Edward, and thyself the sea
-Whose envious gulf did swallow up his life.
-Ah, kill me with thy weapon, not with words!
-My breast can better brook thy dagger's point
-Than can my ears that tragic history.
-But wherefore dost thou come? is't for my life?
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Think'st thou I am an executioner?
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-A persecutor, I am sure, thou art:
-If murdering innocents be executing,
-Why, then thou art an executioner.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-Thy son I kill'd for his presumption.
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-Hadst thou been kill'd when first thou didst presume,
-Thou hadst not lived to kill a son of mine.
-And thus I prophesy, that many a thousand,
-Which now mistrust no parcel of my fear,
-And many an old man's sigh and many a widow's,
-And many an orphan's water-standing eye--
-Men for their sons, wives for their husbands,
-And orphans for their parents timeless death--
-Shall rue the hour that ever thou wast born.
-The owl shriek'd at thy birth,--an evil sign;
-The night-crow cried, aboding luckless time;
-Dogs howl'd, and hideous tempest shook down trees;
-The raven rook'd her on the chimney's top,
-And chattering pies in dismal discords sung.
-Thy mother felt more than a mother's pain,
-And, yet brought forth less than a mother's hope,
-To wit, an indigested and deformed lump,
-Not like the fruit of such a goodly tree.
-Teeth hadst thou in thy head when thou wast born,
-To signify thou camest to bite the world:
-And, if the rest be true which I have heard,
-Thou camest--
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-I'll hear no more: die, prophet in thy speech:
-For this amongst the rest, was I ordain'd.
-
-KING HENRY VI:
-Ay, and for much more slaughter after this.
-God forgive my sins, and pardon thee!
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-What, will the aspiring blood of Lancaster
-Sink in the ground? I thought it would have mounted.
-See how my sword weeps for the poor king's death!
-O, may such purple tears be alway shed
-From those that wish the downfall of our house!
-If any spark of life be yet remaining,
-Down, down to hell; and say I sent thee thither:
-I, that have neither pity, love, nor fear.
-Indeed, 'tis true that Henry told me of;
-For I have often heard my mother say
-I came into the world with my legs forward:
-Had I not reason, think ye, to make haste,
-And seek their ruin that usurp'd our right?
-The midwife wonder'd and the women cried
-'O, Jesus bless us, he is born with teeth!'
-And so I was; which plainly signified
-That I should snarl and bite and play the dog.
-Then, since the heavens have shaped my body so,
-Let hell make crook'd my mind to answer it.
-I have no brother, I am like no brother;
-And this word 'love,' which graybeards call divine,
-Be resident in men like one another
-And not in me: I am myself alone.
-Clarence, beware; thou keep'st me from the light:
-But I will sort a pitchy day for thee;
-For I will buz abroad such prophecies
-That Edward shall be fearful of his life,
-And then, to purge his fear, I'll be thy death.
-King Henry and the prince his son are gone:
-Clarence, thy turn is next, and then the rest,
-Counting myself but bad till I be best.
-I'll throw thy body in another room
-And triumph, Henry, in thy day of doom.
-3 KING HENRY VI
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Once more we sit in England's royal throne,
-Re-purchased with the blood of enemies.
-What valiant foemen, like to autumn's corn,
-Have we mow'd down, in tops of all their pride!
-Three Dukes of Somerset, threefold renown'd
-For hardy and undoubted champions;
-Two Cliffords, as the father and the son,
-And two Northumberlands; two braver men
-Ne'er spurr'd their coursers at the trumpet's sound;
-With them, the two brave bears, Warwick and Montague,
-That in their chains fetter'd the kingly lion
-And made the forest tremble when they roar'd.
-Thus have we swept suspicion from our seat
-And made our footstool of security.
-Come hither, Bess, and let me kiss my boy.
-Young Ned, for thee, thine uncles and myself
-Have in our armours watch'd the winter's night,
-Went all afoot in summer's scalding heat,
-That thou mightst repossess the crown in peace;
-And of our labours thou shalt reap the gain.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Clarence and Gloucester, love my lovely queen;
-And kiss your princely nephew, brothers both.
-
-CLARENCE:
-The duty that I owe unto your majesty
-I seal upon the lips of this sweet babe.
-
-QUEEN ELIZABETH:
-Thanks, noble Clarence; worthy brother, thanks.
-
-GLOUCESTER:
-And, that I love the tree from whence thou sprang'st,
-Witness the loving kiss I give the fruit.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Now am I seated as my soul delights,
-Having my country's peace and brothers' loves.
-
-CLARENCE:
-What will your grace have done with Margaret?
-Reignier, her father, to the king of France
-Hath pawn'd the Sicils and Jerusalem,
-And hither have they sent it for her ransom.
-
-KING EDWARD IV:
-Away with her, and waft her hence to France.
-And now what rests but that we spend the time
-With stately triumphs, mirthful comic shows,
-Such as befits the pleasure of the court?
-Sound drums and trumpets! farewell sour annoy!
-For here, I hope, begins our lasting joy.
-
-ARCHIDAMUS:
-If you shall chance, Camillo, to visit Bohemia, on
-the like occasion whereon my services are now on
-foot, you shall see, as I have said, great
-difference betwixt our Bohemia and your Sicilia.
-
-CAMILLO:
-I think, this coming summer, the King of Sicilia
-means to pay Bohemia the visitation which he justly owes him.
-
-ARCHIDAMUS:
-Wherein our entertainment shall shame us we will be
-justified in our loves; for indeed--
-
-CAMILLO:
-Beseech you,--
-
-ARCHIDAMUS:
-Verily, I speak it in the freedom of my knowledge:
-we cannot with such magnificence--in so rare--I know
-not what to say. We will give you sleepy drinks,
-that your senses, unintelligent of our insufficience,
-may, though they cannot praise us, as little accuse
-us.
-
-CAMILLO:
-You pay a great deal too dear for what's given freely.
-
-ARCHIDAMUS:
-Believe me, I speak as my understanding instructs me
-and as mine honesty puts it to utterance.
-
-CAMILLO:
-Sicilia cannot show himself over-kind to Bohemia.
-They were trained together in their childhoods; and
-there rooted betwixt them then such an affection,
-which cannot choose but branch now. Since their
-more mature dignities and royal necessities made
-separation of their society, their encounters,
-though not personal, have been royally attorneyed
-with interchange of gifts, letters, loving
-embassies; that they have seemed to be together,
-though absent, shook hands, as over a vast, and
-embraced, as it were, from the ends of opposed
-winds. The heavens continue their loves!
-
-ARCHIDAMUS:
-I think there is not in the world either malice or
-matter to alter it. You have an unspeakable
-comfort of your young prince Mamillius: it is a
-gentleman of the greatest promise that ever came
-into my note.
-
-CAMILLO:
-I very well agree with you in the hopes of him: it
-is a gallant child; one that indeed physics the
-subject, makes old hearts fresh: they that went on
-crutches ere he was born desire yet their life to
-see him a man.
-
-ARCHIDAMUS:
-Would they else be content to die?
-
-CAMILLO:
-Yes; if there were no other excuse why they should
-desire to live.
-
-ARCHIDAMUS:
-If the king had no son, they would desire to live
-on crutches till he had one.
-
-POLIXENES:
-Nine changes of the watery star hath been
-The shepherd's note since we have left our throne
-Without a burthen: time as long again
-Would be find up, my brother, with our thanks;
-And yet we should, for perpetuity,
-Go hence in debt: and therefore, like a cipher,
-Yet standing in rich place, I multiply
-With one 'We thank you' many thousands moe
-That go before it.
-
-LEONTES:
-Stay your thanks a while;
-And pay them when you part.
-
-POLIXENES:
-Sir, that's to-morrow.
-I am question'd by my fears, of what may chance
-Or breed upon our absence; that may blow
-No sneaping winds at home, to make us say
-'This is put forth too truly:' besides, I have stay'd
-To tire your royalty.
-
-LEONTES:
-We are tougher, brother,
-Than you can put us to't.
-
-POLIXENES:
-No longer stay.
-
-LEONTES:
-One seven-night longer.
-
-POLIXENES:
-Very sooth, to-morrow.
-
-LEONTES:
-We'll part the time between's then; and in that
-I'll no gainsaying.
-
-POLIXENES:
-Press me not, beseech you, so.
-There is no tongue that moves, none, none i' the world,
-So soon as yours could win me: so it should now,
-Were there necessity in your request, although
-'Twere needful I denied it. My affairs
-Do even drag me homeward: which to hinder
-Were in your love a whip to me; my stay
-To you a charge and trouble: to save both,
-Farewell, our brother.
-
-LEONTES:
-Tongue-tied, our queen?
-speak you.
-
-HERMIONE:
-I had thought, sir, to have held my peace until
-You have drawn oaths from him not to stay. You, sir,
-Charge him too coldly. Tell him, you are sure
-All in Bohemia's well; this satisfaction
-The by-gone day proclaim'd: say this to him,
-He's beat from his best ward.
-
-LEONTES:
-Well said, Hermione.
-
-HERMIONE:
-To tell, he longs to see his son, were strong:
-But let him say so then, and let him go;
-But let him swear so, and he shall not stay,
-We'll thwack him hence with distaffs.
-Yet of your royal presence I'll adventure
-The borrow of a week. When at Bohemia
-You take my lord, I'll give him my commission
-To let him there a month behind the gest
-Prefix'd for's parting: yet, good deed, Leontes,
-I love thee not a jar o' the clock behind
-What lady-she her lord. You'll stay?
-
-POLIXENES:
-No, madam.
-
-HERMIONE:
-Nay, but you will?
-
-POLIXENES:
-I may not, verily.
-
-HERMIONE:
-Verily!
-You put me off with limber vows; but I,
-Though you would seek to unsphere the
-stars with oaths,
-Should yet say 'Sir, no going.' Verily,
-You shall not go: a lady's 'Verily' 's
-As potent as a lord's. Will you go yet?
-Force me to keep you as a prisoner,
-Not like a guest; so you shall pay your fees
-When you depart, and save your thanks. How say you?
-My prisoner? or my guest? by your dread 'Verily,'
-One of them you shall be.
-
-POLIXENES:
-Your guest, then, madam:
-To be your prisoner should import offending;
-Which is for me less easy to commit
-Than you to punish.
-
-HERMIONE:
-Not your gaoler, then,
-But your kind hostess. Come, I'll question you
-Of my lord's tricks and yours when you were boys:
-You were pretty lordings then?
-
-POLIXENES:
-We were, fair queen,
-Two lads that thought there was no more behind
-But such a day to-morrow as to-day,
-And to be boy eternal.
-
-HERMIONE:
-Was not my lord
-The verier wag o' the two?
-
-POLIXENES:
-We were as twinn'd lambs that did frisk i' the sun,
-And bleat the one at the other: what we changed
-Was innocence for innocence; we knew not
-The doctrine of ill-doing, nor dream'd
-That any did. Had we pursued that life,
-And our weak spirits ne'er been higher rear'd
-With stronger blood, we should have answer'd heaven
-Boldly 'not guilty;' the imposition clear'd
-Hereditary ours.
-
-HERMIONE:
-By this we gather
-You have tripp'd since.
-
-POLIXENES:
-O my most sacred lady!
-Temptations have since then been born to's; for
-In those unfledged days was my wife a girl;
-Your precious self had then not cross'd the eyes
-Of my young play-fellow.
-
-HERMIONE:
-Grace to boot!
-Of this make no conclusion, lest you say
-Your queen and I are devils: yet go on;
-The offences we have made you do we'll answer,
-If you first sinn'd with us and that with us
-You did continue fault and that you slipp'd not
-With any but with us.
-
-LEONTES:
-Is he won yet?
-
-HERMIONE:
-He'll stay my lord.
-
-LEONTES:
-At my request he would not.
-Hermione, my dearest, thou never spokest
-To better purpose.
-
-HERMIONE:
-Never?
-
-LEONTES:
-Never, but once.
-
-HERMIONE:
-What! have I twice said well? when was't before?
-I prithee tell me; cram's with praise, and make's
-As fat as tame things: one good deed dying tongueless
-Slaughters a thousand waiting upon that.
-Our praises are our wages: you may ride's
-With one soft kiss a thousand furlongs ere
-With spur we beat an acre. But to the goal:
-My last good deed was to entreat his stay:
-What was my first? it has an elder sister,
-Or I mistake you: O, would her name were Grace!
-But once before I spoke to the purpose: when?
-Nay, let me have't; I long.
-
-LEONTES:
-Why, that was when
-Three crabbed months had sour'd themselves to death,
-Ere I could make thee open thy white hand
-And clap thyself my love: then didst thou utter
-'I am yours for ever.'
-
-HERMIONE:
-'Tis grace indeed.
-Why, lo you now, I have spoke to the purpose twice:
-The one for ever earn'd a royal husband;
-The other for some while a friend.
-
-MAMILLIUS:
-Ay, my good lord.
-
-LEONTES:
-I' fecks!
-Why, that's my bawcock. What, hast
-smutch'd thy nose?
-They say it is a copy out of mine. Come, captain,
-We must be neat; not neat, but cleanly, captain:
-And yet the steer, the heifer and the calf
-Are all call'd neat.--Still virginalling
-Upon his palm!--How now, you wanton calf!
-Art thou my calf?
-
-MAMILLIUS:
-Yes, if you will, my lord.
-
-LEONTES:
-Thou want'st a rough pash and the shoots that I have,
-To be full like me: yet they say we are
-Almost as like as eggs; women say so,
-That will say anything but were they false
-As o'er-dyed blacks, as wind, as waters, false
-As dice are to be wish'd by one that fixes
-No bourn 'twixt his and mine, yet were it true
-To say this boy were like me. Come, sir page,
-Look on me with your welkin eye: sweet villain!
-Most dear'st! my collop! Can thy dam?--may't be?--
-Affection! thy intention stabs the centre:
-Thou dost make possible things not so held,
-Communicatest with dreams;--how can this be?--
-With what's unreal thou coactive art,
-And fellow'st nothing: then 'tis very credent
-Thou mayst co-join with something; and thou dost,
-And that beyond commission, and I find it,
-And that to the infection of my brains
-And hardening of my brows.
-
-POLIXENES:
-What means Sicilia?
-
-HERMIONE:
-He something seems unsettled.
-
-POLIXENES:
-How, my lord!
-What cheer? how is't with you, best brother?
-
-HERMIONE:
-You look as if you held a brow of much distraction
-Are you moved, my lord?
-
-LEONTES:
-No, in good earnest.
-How sometimes nature will betray its folly,
-Its tenderness, and make itself a pastime
-To harder bosoms! Looking on the lines
-Of my boy's face, methoughts I did recoil
-Twenty-three years, and saw myself unbreech'd,
-In my green velvet coat, my dagger muzzled,
-Lest it should bite its master, and so prove,
-As ornaments oft do, too dangerous:
-How like, methought, I then was to this kernel,
-This squash, this gentleman. Mine honest friend,
-Will you take eggs for money?
-
-MAMILLIUS:
-No, my lord, I'll fight.
-
-LEONTES:
-You will! why, happy man be's dole! My brother,
-Are you so fond of your young prince as we
-Do seem to be of ours?
-
-POLIXENES:
-If at home, sir,
-He's all my exercise, my mirth, my matter,
-Now my sworn friend and then mine enemy,
-My parasite, my soldier, statesman, all:
-He makes a July's day short as December,
-And with his varying childness cures in me
-Thoughts that would thick my blood.
-
-LEONTES:
-So stands this squire
-Officed with me: we two will walk, my lord,
-And leave you to your graver steps. Hermione,
-How thou lovest us, show in our brother's welcome;
-Let what is dear in Sicily be cheap:
-Next to thyself and my young rover, he's
-Apparent to my heart.
-
-HERMIONE:
-If you would seek us,
-We are yours i' the garden: shall's attend you there?
-
-LEONTES:
-To your own bents dispose you: you'll be found,
-Be you beneath the sky.
-I am angling now,
-Though you perceive me not how I give line.
-Go to, go to!
-How she holds up the neb, the bill to him!
-And arms her with the boldness of a wife
-To her allowing husband!
-Gone already!
-Inch-thick, knee-deep, o'er head and
-ears a fork'd one!
-Go, play, boy, play: thy mother plays, and I
-Play too, but so disgraced a part, whose issue
-Will hiss me to my grave: contempt and clamour
-Will be my knell. Go, play, boy, play.
-There have been,
-Or I am much deceived, cuckolds ere now;
-And many a man there is, even at this present,
-Now while I speak this, holds his wife by the arm,
-That little thinks she has been sluiced in's absence
-And his pond fish'd by his next neighbour, by
-Sir Smile, his neighbour: nay, there's comfort in't
-Whiles other men have gates and those gates open'd,
-As mine, against their will. Should all despair
-That have revolted wives, the tenth of mankind
-Would hang themselves. Physic for't there is none;
-It is a bawdy planet, that will strike
-Where 'tis predominant; and 'tis powerful, think it,
-From east, west, north and south: be it concluded,
-No barricado for a belly; know't;
-It will let in and out the enemy
-With bag and baggage: many thousand on's
-Have the disease, and feel't not. How now, boy!
-
-MAMILLIUS:
-I am like you, they say.
-
-LEONTES:
-Why that's some comfort. What, Camillo there?
-
-CAMILLO:
-Ay, my good lord.
-
-LEONTES:
-Go play, Mamillius; thou'rt an honest man.
-Camillo, this great sir will yet stay longer.
-
-CAMILLO:
-You had much ado to make his anchor hold:
-When you cast out, it still came home.
-
-LEONTES:
-Didst note it?
-
-CAMILLO:
-He would not stay at your petitions: made
-His business more material.
-
-LEONTES:
-Didst perceive it?
-They're here with me already, whispering, rounding
-'Sicilia is a so-forth:' 'tis far gone,
-When I shall gust it last. How came't, Camillo,
-That he did stay?
-
-CAMILLO:
-At the good queen's entreaty.
-
-LEONTES:
-At the queen's be't: 'good' should be pertinent
-But, so it is, it is not. Was this taken
-By any understanding pate but thine?
-For thy conceit is soaking, will draw in
-More than the common blocks: not noted, is't,
-But of the finer natures? by some severals
-Of head-piece extraordinary? lower messes
-Perchance are to this business purblind? say.
-
-CAMILLO:
-Business, my lord! I think most understand
-Bohemia stays here longer.
-
-LEONTES:
-Ha!
-
-CAMILLO:
-Stays here longer.
-
-LEONTES:
-Ay, but why?
-
-CAMILLO:
-To satisfy your highness and the entreaties
-Of our most gracious mistress.
-
-LEONTES:
-Satisfy!
-The entreaties of your mistress! satisfy!
-Let that suffice. I have trusted thee, Camillo,
-With all the nearest things to my heart, as well
-My chamber-councils, wherein, priest-like, thou
-Hast cleansed my bosom, I from thee departed
-Thy penitent reform'd: but we have been
-Deceived in thy integrity, deceived
-In that which seems so.
-
-CAMILLO:
-Be it forbid, my lord!
-
-LEONTES:
-To bide upon't, thou art not honest, or,
-If thou inclinest that way, thou art a coward,
-Which hoxes honesty behind, restraining
-From course required; or else thou must be counted
-A servant grafted in my serious trust
-And therein negligent; or else a fool
-That seest a game play'd home, the rich stake drawn,
-And takest it all for jest.
-
-CAMILLO:
-My gracious lord,
-I may be negligent, foolish and fearful;
-In every one of these no man is free,
-But that his negligence, his folly, fear,
-Among the infinite doings of the world,
-Sometime puts forth. In your affairs, my lord,
-If ever I were wilful-negligent,
-It was my folly; if industriously
-I play'd the fool, it was my negligence,
-Not weighing well the end; if ever fearful
-To do a thing, where I the issue doubted,
-Where of the execution did cry out
-Against the non-performance, 'twas a fear
-Which oft infects the wisest: these, my lord,
-Are such allow'd infirmities that honesty
-Is never free of. But, beseech your grace,
-Be plainer with me; let me know my trespass
-By its own visage: if I then deny it,
-'Tis none of mine.
-
-LEONTES:
-Ha' not you seen, Camillo,--
-But that's past doubt, you have, or your eye-glass
-Is thicker than a cuckold's horn,--or heard,--
-For to a vision so apparent rumour
-Cannot be mute,--or thought,--for cogitation
-Resides not in that man that does not think,--
-My wife is slippery? If thou wilt confess,
-Or else be impudently negative,
-To have nor eyes nor ears nor thought, then say
-My wife's a hobby-horse, deserves a name
-As rank as any flax-wench that puts to
-Before her troth-plight: say't and justify't.
-
-CAMILLO:
-I would not be a stander-by to hear
-My sovereign mistress clouded so, without
-My present vengeance taken: 'shrew my heart,
-You never spoke what did become you less
-Than this; which to reiterate were sin
-As deep as that, though true.
-
-LEONTES:
-Is whispering nothing?
-Is leaning cheek to cheek? is meeting noses?
-Kissing with inside lip? stopping the career
-Of laughing with a sigh?--a note infallible
-Of breaking honesty--horsing foot on foot?
-Skulking in corners? wishing clocks more swift?
-Hours, minutes? noon, midnight? and all eyes
-Blind with the pin and web but theirs, theirs only,
-That would unseen be wicked? is this nothing?
-Why, then the world and all that's in't is nothing;
-The covering sky is nothing; Bohemia nothing;
-My wife is nothing; nor nothing have these nothings,
-If this be nothing.
-
-CAMILLO:
-Good my lord, be cured
-Of this diseased opinion, and betimes;
-For 'tis most dangerous.
-
-LEONTES:
-Say it be, 'tis true.
-
-CAMILLO:
-No, no, my lord.
-
-LEONTES:
-It is; you lie, you lie:
-I say thou liest, Camillo, and I hate thee,
-Pronounce thee a gross lout, a mindless slave,
-Or else a hovering temporizer, that
-Canst with thine eyes at once see good and evil,
-Inclining to them both: were my wife's liver
-Infected as her life, she would not live
-The running of one glass.
-
-CAMILLO:
-Who does infect her?
-
-LEONTES:
-Why, he that wears her like a medal, hanging
-About his neck, Bohemia: who, if I
-Had servants true about me, that bare eyes
-To see alike mine honour as their profits,
-Their own particular thrifts, they would do that
-Which should undo more doing: ay, and thou,
-His cupbearer,--whom I from meaner form
-Have benched and reared to worship, who mayst see
-Plainly as heaven sees earth and earth sees heaven,
-How I am galled,--mightst bespice a cup,
-To give mine enemy a lasting wink;
-Which draught to me were cordial.
-
-CAMILLO:
-Sir, my lord,
-I could do this, and that with no rash potion,
-But with a lingering dram that should not work
-Maliciously like poison: but I cannot
-Believe this crack to be in my dread mistress,
-So sovereignly being honourable.
-I have loved thee,--
-
-LEONTES:
-Make that thy question, and go rot!
-Dost think I am so muddy, so unsettled,
-To appoint myself in this vexation, sully
-The purity and whiteness of my sheets,
-Which to preserve is sleep, which being spotted
-Is goads, thorns, nettles, tails of wasps,
-Give scandal to the blood o' the prince my son,
-Who I do think is mine and love as mine,
-Without ripe moving to't? Would I do this?
-Could man so blench?
-
-CAMILLO:
-I must believe you, sir:
-I do; and will fetch off Bohemia for't;
-Provided that, when he's removed, your highness
-Will take again your queen as yours at first,
-Even for your son's sake; and thereby for sealing
-The injury of tongues in courts and kingdoms
-Known and allied to yours.
-
-LEONTES:
-Thou dost advise me
-Even so as I mine own course have set down:
-I'll give no blemish to her honour, none.
-
-CAMILLO:
-My lord,
-Go then; and with a countenance as clear
-As friendship wears at feasts, keep with Bohemia
-And with your queen. I am his cupbearer:
-If from me he have wholesome beverage,
-Account me not your servant.
-
-LEONTES:
-This is all:
-Do't and thou hast the one half of my heart;
-Do't not, thou split'st thine own.
-
-CAMILLO:
-I'll do't, my lord.
-
-LEONTES:
-I will seem friendly, as thou hast advised me.
-
-CAMILLO:
-O miserable lady! But, for me,
-What case stand I in? I must be the poisoner
-Of good Polixenes; and my ground to do't
-Is the obedience to a master, one
-Who in rebellion with himself will have
-All that are his so too. To do this deed,
-Promotion follows. If I could find example
-Of thousands that had struck anointed kings
-And flourish'd after, I'ld not do't; but since
-Nor brass nor stone nor parchment bears not one,
-Let villany itself forswear't. I must
-Forsake the court: to do't, or no, is certain
-To me a break-neck. Happy star, reign now!
-Here comes Bohemia.
-
-POLIXENES:
-This is strange: methinks
-My favour here begins to warp. Not speak?
-Good day, Camillo.
-
-CAMILLO:
-Hail, most royal sir!
-
-POLIXENES:
-What is the news i' the court?
-
-CAMILLO:
-None rare, my lord.
-
-POLIXENES:
-The king hath on him such a countenance
-As he had lost some province and a region
-Loved as he loves himself: even now I met him
-With customary compliment; when he,
-Wafting his eyes to the contrary and falling
-A lip of much contempt, speeds from me and
-So leaves me to consider what is breeding
-That changeth thus his manners.
-
-CAMILLO:
-I dare not know, my lord.
-
-POLIXENES:
-How! dare not! do not. Do you know, and dare not?
-Be intelligent to me: 'tis thereabouts;
-For, to yourself, what you do know, you must.
-And cannot say, you dare not. Good Camillo,
-Your changed complexions are to me a mirror
-Which shows me mine changed too; for I must be
-A party in this alteration, finding
-Myself thus alter'd with 't.
-
-CAMILLO:
-There is a sickness
-Which puts some of us in distemper, but
-I cannot name the disease; and it is caught
-Of you that yet are well.
-
-POLIXENES:
-How! caught of me!
-Make me not sighted like the basilisk:
-I have look'd on thousands, who have sped the better
-By my regard, but kill'd none so. Camillo,--
-As you are certainly a gentleman, thereto
-Clerk-like experienced, which no less adorns
-Our gentry than our parents' noble names,
-In whose success we are gentle,--I beseech you,
-If you know aught which does behove my knowledge
-Thereof to be inform'd, imprison't not
-In ignorant concealment.
-
-CAMILLO:
-I may not answer.
-
-POLIXENES:
-A sickness caught of me, and yet I well!
-I must be answer'd. Dost thou hear, Camillo,
-I conjure thee, by all the parts of man
-Which honour does acknowledge, whereof the least
-Is not this suit of mine, that thou declare
-What incidency thou dost guess of harm
-Is creeping toward me; how far off, how near;
-Which way to be prevented, if to be;
-If not, how best to bear it.
-
-CAMILLO:
-Sir, I will tell you;
-Since I am charged in honour and by him
-That I think honourable: therefore mark my counsel,
-Which must be even as swiftly follow'd as
-I mean to utter it, or both yourself and me
-Cry lost, and so good night!
-
-POLIXENES:
-On, good Camillo.
-
-CAMILLO:
-I am appointed him to murder you.
-
-POLIXENES:
-By whom, Camillo?
-
-CAMILLO:
-By the king.
-
-POLIXENES:
-For what?
-
-CAMILLO:
-He thinks, nay, with all confidence he swears,
-As he had seen't or been an instrument
-To vice you to't, that you have touch'd his queen
-Forbiddenly.
-
-POLIXENES:
-O, then my best blood turn
-To an infected jelly and my name
-Be yoked with his that did betray the Best!
-Turn then my freshest reputation to
-A savour that may strike the dullest nostril
-Where I arrive, and my approach be shunn'd,
-Nay, hated too, worse than the great'st infection
-That e'er was heard or read!
-
-CAMILLO:
-Swear his thought over
-By each particular star in heaven and
-By all their influences, you may as well
-Forbid the sea for to obey the moon
-As or by oath remove or counsel shake
-The fabric of his folly, whose foundation
-Is piled upon his faith and will continue
-The standing of his body.
-
-POLIXENES:
-How should this grow?
-
-CAMILLO:
-I know not: but I am sure 'tis safer to
-Avoid what's grown than question how 'tis born.
-If therefore you dare trust my honesty,
-That lies enclosed in this trunk which you
-Shall bear along impawn'd, away to-night!
-Your followers I will whisper to the business,
-And will by twos and threes at several posterns
-Clear them o' the city. For myself, I'll put
-My fortunes to your service, which are here
-By this discovery lost. Be not uncertain;
-For, by the honour of my parents, I
-Have utter'd truth: which if you seek to prove,
-I dare not stand by; nor shall you be safer
-Than one condemn'd by the king's own mouth, thereon
-His execution sworn.
-
-POLIXENES:
-I do believe thee:
-I saw his heart in 's face. Give me thy hand:
-Be pilot to me and thy places shall
-Still neighbour mine. My ships are ready and
-My people did expect my hence departure
-Two days ago. This jealousy
-Is for a precious creature: as she's rare,
-Must it be great, and as his person's mighty,
-Must it be violent, and as he does conceive
-He is dishonour'd by a man which ever
-Profess'd to him, why, his revenges must
-In that be made more bitter. Fear o'ershades me:
-Good expedition be my friend, and comfort
-The gracious queen, part of his theme, but nothing
-Of his ill-ta'en suspicion! Come, Camillo;
-I will respect thee as a father if
-Thou bear'st my life off hence: let us avoid.
-
-CAMILLO:
-It is in mine authority to command
-The keys of all the posterns: please your highness
-To take the urgent hour. Come, sir, away.
-
-HERMIONE:
-Take the boy to you: he so troubles me,
-'Tis past enduring.
-
-First Lady:
-Come, my gracious lord,
-Shall I be your playfellow?
-
-MAMILLIUS:
-No, I'll none of you.
-
-First Lady:
-Why, my sweet lord?
-
-MAMILLIUS:
-You'll kiss me hard and speak to me as if
-I were a baby still. I love you better.
-
-Second Lady:
-And why so, my lord?
-
-MAMILLIUS:
-Not for because
-Your brows are blacker; yet black brows, they say,
-Become some women best, so that there be not
-Too much hair there, but in a semicircle
-Or a half-moon made with a pen.
-
-Second Lady:
-Who taught you this?
-
-MAMILLIUS:
-I learnt it out of women's faces. Pray now
-What colour are your eyebrows?
-
-First Lady:
-Blue, my lord.
-
-MAMILLIUS:
-Nay, that's a mock: I have seen a lady's nose
-That has been blue, but not her eyebrows.
-
-First Lady:
-Hark ye;
-The queen your mother rounds apace: we shall
-Present our services to a fine new prince
-One of these days; and then you'ld wanton with us,
-If we would have you.
-
-Second Lady:
-She is spread of late
-Into a goodly bulk: good time encounter her!
-
-HERMIONE:
-What wisdom stirs amongst you? Come, sir, now
-I am for you again: pray you, sit by us,
-And tell 's a tale.
-
-MAMILLIUS:
-Merry or sad shall't be?
-
-HERMIONE:
-As merry as you will.
-
-MAMILLIUS:
-A sad tale's best for winter: I have one
-Of sprites and goblins.
-
-HERMIONE:
-Let's have that, good sir.
-Come on, sit down: come on, and do your best
-To fright me with your sprites; you're powerful at it.
-
-MAMILLIUS:
-There was a man--
-
-HERMIONE:
-Nay, come, sit down; then on.
-
-MAMILLIUS:
-Dwelt by a churchyard: I will tell it softly;
-Yond crickets shall not hear it.
-
-HERMIONE:
-Come on, then,
-And give't me in mine ear.
-
-LEONTES:
-Was he met there? his train? Camillo with him?
-
-First Lord:
-Behind the tuft of pines I met them; never
-Saw I men scour so on their way: I eyed them
-Even to their ships.
-
-LEONTES:
-How blest am I
-In my just censure, in my true opinion!
-Alack, for lesser knowledge! how accursed
-In being so blest! There may be in the cup
-A spider steep'd, and one may drink, depart,
-And yet partake no venom, for his knowledge
-Is not infected: but if one present
-The abhorr'd ingredient to his eye, make known
-How he hath drunk, he cracks his gorge, his sides,
-With violent hefts. I have drunk,
-and seen the spider.
-Camillo was his help in this, his pander:
-There is a plot against my life, my crown;
-All's true that is mistrusted: that false villain
-Whom I employ'd was pre-employ'd by him:
-He has discover'd my design, and I
-Remain a pinch'd thing; yea, a very trick
-For them to play at will. How came the posterns
-So easily open?
-
-First Lord:
-By his great authority;
-Which often hath no less prevail'd than so
-On your command.
-
-LEONTES:
-I know't too well.
-Give me the boy: I am glad you did not nurse him:
-Though he does bear some signs of me, yet you
-Have too much blood in him.
-
-HERMIONE:
-What is this? sport?
-
-LEONTES:
-Bear the boy hence; he shall not come about her;
-Away with him! and let her sport herself
-With that she's big with; for 'tis Polixenes
-Has made thee swell thus.
-
-HERMIONE:
-But I'ld say he had not,
-And I'll be sworn you would believe my saying,
-Howe'er you lean to the nayward.
-
-LEONTES:
-You, my lords,
-Look on her, mark her well; be but about
-To say 'she is a goodly lady,' and
-The justice of your bearts will thereto add
-'Tis pity she's not honest, honourable:'
-Praise her but for this her without-door form,
-Which on my faith deserves high speech, and straight
-The shrug, the hum or ha, these petty brands
-That calumny doth use--O, I am out--
-That mercy does, for calumny will sear
-Virtue itself: these shrugs, these hums and ha's,
-When you have said 'she's goodly,' come between
-Ere you can say 'she's honest:' but be 't known,
-From him that has most cause to grieve it should be,
-She's an adulteress.
-
-HERMIONE:
-Should a villain say so,
-The most replenish'd villain in the world,
-He were as much more villain: you, my lord,
-Do but mistake.
-
-LEONTES:
-You have mistook, my lady,
-Polixenes for Leontes: O thou thing!
-Which I'll not call a creature of thy place,
-Lest barbarism, making me the precedent,
-Should a like language use to all degrees
-And mannerly distinguishment leave out
-Betwixt the prince and beggar: I have said
-She's an adulteress; I have said with whom:
-More, she's a traitor and Camillo is
-A federary with her, and one that knows
-What she should shame to know herself
-But with her most vile principal, that she's
-A bed-swerver, even as bad as those
-That vulgars give bold'st titles, ay, and privy
-To this their late escape.
-
-HERMIONE:
-No, by my life.
-Privy to none of this. How will this grieve you,
-When you shall come to clearer knowledge, that
-You thus have publish'd me! Gentle my lord,
-You scarce can right me throughly then to say
-You did mistake.
-
-LEONTES:
-No; if I mistake
-In those foundations which I build upon,
-The centre is not big enough to bear
-A school-boy's top. Away with her! to prison!
-He who shall speak for her is afar off guilty
-But that he speaks.
-
-HERMIONE:
-There's some ill planet reigns:
-I must be patient till the heavens look
-With an aspect more favourable. Good my lords,
-I am not prone to weeping, as our sex
-Commonly are; the want of which vain dew
-Perchance shall dry your pities: but I have
-That honourable grief lodged here which burns
-Worse than tears drown: beseech you all, my lords,
-With thoughts so qualified as your charities
-Shall best instruct you, measure me; and so
-The king's will be perform'd!
-
-LEONTES:
-Shall I be heard?
-
-HERMIONE:
-Who is't that goes with me? Beseech your highness,
-My women may be with me; for you see
-My plight requires it. Do not weep, good fools;
-There is no cause: when you shall know your mistress
-Has deserved prison, then abound in tears
-As I come out: this action I now go on
-Is for my better grace. Adieu, my lord:
-I never wish'd to see you sorry; now
-I trust I shall. My women, come; you have leave.
-
-LEONTES:
-Go, do our bidding; hence!
-
-First Lord:
-Beseech your highness, call the queen again.
-
-ANTIGONUS:
-Be certain what you do, sir, lest your justice
-Prove violence; in the which three great ones suffer,
-Yourself, your queen, your son.
-
-First Lord:
-For her, my lord,
-I dare my life lay down and will do't, sir,
-Please you to accept it, that the queen is spotless
-I' the eyes of heaven and to you; I mean,
-In this which you accuse her.
-
-ANTIGONUS:
-If it prove
-She's otherwise, I'll keep my stables where
-I lodge my wife; I'll go in couples with her;
-Than when I feel and see her no farther trust her;
-For every inch of woman in the world,
-Ay, every dram of woman's flesh is false, If she be.
-
-LEONTES:
-Hold your peaces.
-
-First Lord:
-Good my lord,--
-
-ANTIGONUS:
-It is for you we speak, not for ourselves:
-You are abused and by some putter-on
-That will be damn'd for't; would I knew the villain,
-I would land-damn him. Be she honour-flaw'd,
-I have three daughters; the eldest is eleven
-The second and the third, nine, and some five;
-If this prove true, they'll pay for't:
-by mine honour,
-I'll geld 'em all; fourteen they shall not see,
-To bring false generations: they are co-heirs;
-And I had rather glib myself than they
-Should not produce fair issue.
-
-LEONTES:
-Cease; no more.
-You smell this business with a sense as cold
-As is a dead man's nose: but I do see't and feel't
-As you feel doing thus; and see withal
-The instruments that feel.
-
-ANTIGONUS:
-If it be so,
-We need no grave to bury honesty:
-There's not a grain of it the face to sweeten
-Of the whole dungy earth.
-
-LEONTES:
-What! lack I credit?
-
-First Lord:
-I had rather you did lack than I, my lord,
-Upon this ground; and more it would content me
-To have her honour true than your suspicion,
-Be blamed for't how you might.
-
-LEONTES:
-Why, what need we
-Commune with you of this, but rather follow
-Our forceful instigation? Our prerogative
-Calls not your counsels, but our natural goodness
-Imparts this; which if you, or stupefied
-Or seeming so in skill, cannot or will not
-Relish a truth like us, inform yourselves
-We need no more of your advice: the matter,
-The loss, the gain, the ordering on't, is all
-Properly ours.
-
-ANTIGONUS:
-And I wish, my liege,
-You had only in your silent judgment tried it,
-Without more overture.
-
-LEONTES:
-How could that be?
-Either thou art most ignorant by age,
-Or thou wert born a fool. Camillo's flight,
-Added to their familiarity,
-Which was as gross as ever touch'd conjecture,
-That lack'd sight only, nought for approbation
-But only seeing, all other circumstances
-Made up to the deed, doth push on this proceeding:
-Yet, for a greater confirmation,
-For in an act of this importance 'twere
-Most piteous to be wild, I have dispatch'd in post
-To sacred Delphos, to Apollo's temple,
-Cleomenes and Dion, whom you know
-Of stuff'd sufficiency: now from the oracle
-They will bring all; whose spiritual counsel had,
-Shall stop or spur me. Have I done well?
-
-First Lord:
-Well done, my lord.
-
-LEONTES:
-Though I am satisfied and need no more
-Than what I know, yet shall the oracle
-Give rest to the minds of others, such as he
-Whose ignorant credulity will not
-Come up to the truth. So have we thought it good
-From our free person she should be confined,
-Lest that the treachery of the two fled hence
-Be left her to perform. Come, follow us;
-We are to speak in public; for this business
-Will raise us all.
-
-PAULINA:
-The keeper of the prison, call to him;
-let him have knowledge who I am.
-Good lady,
-No court in Europe is too good for thee;
-What dost thou then in prison?
-Now, good sir,
-You know me, do you not?
-
-Gaoler:
-For a worthy lady
-And one whom much I honour.
-
-PAULINA:
-Pray you then,
-Conduct me to the queen.
-
-Gaoler:
-I may not, madam:
-To the contrary I have express commandment.
-
-PAULINA:
-Here's ado,
-To lock up honesty and honour from
-The access of gentle visitors!
-Is't lawful, pray you,
-To see her women? any of them? Emilia?
-
-Gaoler:
-So please you, madam,
-To put apart these your attendants, I
-Shall bring Emilia forth.
-
-PAULINA:
-I pray now, call her.
-Withdraw yourselves.
-
-Gaoler:
-And, madam,
-I must be present at your conference.
-
-PAULINA:
-Well, be't so, prithee.
-Here's such ado to make no stain a stain
-As passes colouring.
-Dear gentlewoman,
-How fares our gracious lady?
-
-EMILIA:
-As well as one so great and so forlorn
-May hold together: on her frights and griefs,
-Which never tender lady hath born greater,
-She is something before her time deliver'd.
-
-PAULINA:
-A boy?
-
-EMILIA:
-A daughter, and a goodly babe,
-Lusty and like to live: the queen receives
-Much comfort in't; says 'My poor prisoner,
-I am innocent as you.'
-
-PAULINA:
-I dare be sworn
-These dangerous unsafe lunes i' the king,
-beshrew them!
-He must be told on't, and he shall: the office
-Becomes a woman best; I'll take't upon me:
-If I prove honey-mouth'd let my tongue blister
-And never to my red-look'd anger be
-The trumpet any more. Pray you, Emilia,
-Commend my best obedience to the queen:
-If she dares trust me with her little babe,
-I'll show't the king and undertake to be
-Her advocate to the loud'st. We do not know
-How he may soften at the sight o' the child:
-The silence often of pure innocence
-Persuades when speaking fails.
-
-EMILIA:
-Most worthy madam,
-Your honour and your goodness is so evident
-That your free undertaking cannot miss
-A thriving issue: there is no lady living
-So meet for this great errand. Please your ladyship
-To visit the next room, I'll presently
-Acquaint the queen of your most noble offer;
-Who but to-day hammer'd of this design,
-But durst not tempt a minister of honour,
-Lest she should be denied.
-
-PAULINA:
-Tell her, Emilia.
-I'll use that tongue I have: if wit flow from't
-As boldness from my bosom, let 't not be doubted
-I shall do good.
-
-EMILIA:
-Now be you blest for it!
-I'll to the queen: please you,
-come something nearer.
-
-Gaoler:
-Madam, if't please the queen to send the babe,
-I know not what I shall incur to pass it,
-Having no warrant.
-
-PAULINA:
-You need not fear it, sir:
-This child was prisoner to the womb and is
-By law and process of great nature thence
-Freed and enfranchised, not a party to
-The anger of the king nor guilty of,
-If any be, the trespass of the queen.
-
-Gaoler:
-I do believe it.
-
-PAULINA:
-Do not you fear: upon mine honour,
-I will stand betwixt you and danger.
-
-LEONTES:
-Nor night nor day no rest: it is but weakness
-To bear the matter thus; mere weakness. If
-The cause were not in being,--part o' the cause,
-She the adulteress; for the harlot king
-Is quite beyond mine arm, out of the blank
-And level of my brain, plot-proof; but she
-I can hook to me: say that she were gone,
-Given to the fire, a moiety of my rest
-Might come to me again. Who's there?
-
-First Servant:
-My lord?
-
-LEONTES:
-How does the boy?
-
-First Servant:
-He took good rest to-night;
-'Tis hoped his sickness is discharged.
-
-LEONTES:
-To see his nobleness!
-Conceiving the dishonour of his mother,
-He straight declined, droop'd, took it deeply,
-Fasten'd and fix'd the shame on't in himself,
-Threw off his spirit, his appetite, his sleep,
-And downright languish'd. Leave me solely: go,
-See how he fares.
-Fie, fie! no thought of him:
-The thought of my revenges that way
-Recoil upon me: in himself too mighty,
-And in his parties, his alliance; let him be
-Until a time may serve: for present vengeance,
-Take it on her. Camillo and Polixenes
-Laugh at me, make their pastime at my sorrow:
-They should not laugh if I could reach them, nor
-Shall she within my power.
-
-First Lord:
-You must not enter.
-
-PAULINA:
-Nay, rather, good my lords, be second to me:
-Fear you his tyrannous passion more, alas,
-Than the queen's life? a gracious innocent soul,
-More free than he is jealous.
-
-ANTIGONUS:
-That's enough.
-
-Second Servant:
-Madam, he hath not slept tonight; commanded
-None should come at him.
-
-PAULINA:
-Not so hot, good sir:
-I come to bring him sleep. 'Tis such as you,
-That creep like shadows by him and do sigh
-At each his needless heavings, such as you
-Nourish the cause of his awaking: I
-Do come with words as medicinal as true,
-Honest as either, to purge him of that humour
-That presses him from sleep.
-
-LEONTES:
-What noise there, ho?
-
-PAULINA:
-No noise, my lord; but needful conference
-About some gossips for your highness.
-
-LEONTES:
-How!
-Away with that audacious lady! Antigonus,
-I charged thee that she should not come about me:
-I knew she would.
-
-ANTIGONUS:
-I told her so, my lord,
-On your displeasure's peril and on mine,
-She should not visit you.
-
-LEONTES:
-What, canst not rule her?
-
-PAULINA:
-From all dishonesty he can: in this,
-Unless he take the course that you have done,
-Commit me for committing honour, trust it,
-He shall not rule me.
-
-ANTIGONUS:
-La you now, you hear:
-When she will take the rein I let her run;
-But she'll not stumble.
-
-PAULINA:
-Good my liege, I come;
-And, I beseech you, hear me, who profess
-Myself your loyal servant, your physician,
-Your most obedient counsellor, yet that dare
-Less appear so in comforting your evils,
-Than such as most seem yours: I say, I come
-From your good queen.
-
-LEONTES:
-Good queen!
-
-PAULINA:
-Good queen, my lord,
-Good queen; I say good queen;
-And would by combat make her good, so were I
-A man, the worst about you.
-
-LEONTES:
-Force her hence.
-
-PAULINA:
-Let him that makes but trifles of his eyes
-First hand me: on mine own accord I'll off;
-But first I'll do my errand. The good queen,
-For she is good, hath brought you forth a daughter;
-Here 'tis; commends it to your blessing.
-
-LEONTES:
-Out!
-A mankind witch! Hence with her, out o' door:
-A most intelligencing bawd!
-
-PAULINA:
-Not so:
-I am as ignorant in that as you
-In so entitling me, and no less honest
-Than you are mad; which is enough, I'll warrant,
-As this world goes, to pass for honest.
-
-LEONTES:
-Traitors!
-Will you not push her out? Give her the bastard.
-Thou dotard! thou art woman-tired, unroosted
-By thy dame Partlet here. Take up the bastard;
-Take't up, I say; give't to thy crone.
-
-PAULINA:
-For ever
-Unvenerable be thy hands, if thou
-Takest up the princess by that forced baseness
-Which he has put upon't!
-
-LEONTES:
-He dreads his wife.
-
-PAULINA:
-So I would you did; then 'twere past all doubt
-You'ld call your children yours.
-
-LEONTES:
-A nest of traitors!
-
-ANTIGONUS:
-I am none, by this good light.
-
-PAULINA:
-Nor I, nor any
-But one that's here, and that's himself, for he
-The sacred honour of himself, his queen's,
-His hopeful son's, his babe's, betrays to slander,
-Whose sting is sharper than the sword's;
-and will not--
-For, as the case now stands, it is a curse
-He cannot be compell'd to't--once remove
-The root of his opinion, which is rotten
-As ever oak or stone was sound.
-
-LEONTES:
-A callat
-Of boundless tongue, who late hath beat her husband
-And now baits me! This brat is none of mine;
-It is the issue of Polixenes:
-Hence with it, and together with the dam
-Commit them to the fire!
-
-PAULINA:
-It is yours;
-And, might we lay the old proverb to your charge,
-So like you, 'tis the worse. Behold, my lords,
-Although the print be little, the whole matter
-And copy of the father, eye, nose, lip,
-The trick of's frown, his forehead, nay, the valley,
-The pretty dimples of his chin and cheek,
-His smiles,
-The very mould and frame of hand, nail, finger:
-And thou, good goddess Nature, which hast made it
-So like to him that got it, if thou hast
-The ordering of the mind too, 'mongst all colours
-No yellow in't, lest she suspect, as he does,
-Her children not her husband's!
-
-LEONTES:
-A gross hag
-And, lozel, thou art worthy to be hang'd,
-That wilt not stay her tongue.
-
-ANTIGONUS:
-Hang all the husbands
-That cannot do that feat, you'll leave yourself
-Hardly one subject.
-
-LEONTES:
-Once more, take her hence.
-
-PAULINA:
-A most unworthy and unnatural lord
-Can do no more.
-
-LEONTES:
-I'll ha' thee burnt.
-
-PAULINA:
-I care not:
-It is an heretic that makes the fire,
-Not she which burns in't. I'll not call you tyrant;
-But this most cruel usage of your queen,
-Not able to produce more accusation
-Than your own weak-hinged fancy, something savours
-Of tyranny and will ignoble make you,
-Yea, scandalous to the world.
-
-LEONTES:
-On your allegiance,
-Out of the chamber with her! Were I a tyrant,
-Where were her life? she durst not call me so,
-If she did know me one. Away with her!
-
-PAULINA:
-I pray you, do not push me; I'll be gone.
-Look to your babe, my lord; 'tis yours:
-Jove send her
-A better guiding spirit! What needs these hands?
-You, that are thus so tender o'er his follies,
-Will never do him good, not one of you.
-So, so: farewell; we are gone.
-
-LEONTES:
-Thou, traitor, hast set on thy wife to this.
-My child? away with't! Even thou, that hast
-A heart so tender o'er it, take it hence
-And see it instantly consumed with fire;
-Even thou and none but thou. Take it up straight:
-Within this hour bring me word 'tis done,
-And by good testimony, or I'll seize thy life,
-With what thou else call'st thine. If thou refuse
-And wilt encounter with my wrath, say so;
-The bastard brains with these my proper hands
-Shall I dash out. Go, take it to the fire;
-For thou set'st on thy wife.
-
-ANTIGONUS:
-I did not, sir:
-These lords, my noble fellows, if they please,
-Can clear me in't.
-
-Lords:
-We can: my royal liege,
-He is not guilty of her coming hither.
-
-LEONTES:
-You're liars all.
-
-First Lord:
-Beseech your highness, give us better credit:
-We have always truly served you, and beseech you
-So to esteem of us, and on our knees we beg,
-As recompense of our dear services
-Past and to come, that you do change this purpose,
-Which being so horrible, so bloody, must
-Lead on to some foul issue: we all kneel.
-
-LEONTES:
-I am a feather for each wind that blows:
-Shall I live on to see this bastard kneel
-And call me father? better burn it now
-Than curse it then. But be it; let it live.
-It shall not neither. You, sir, come you hither;
-You that have been so tenderly officious
-With Lady Margery, your midwife there,
-To save this bastard's life,--for 'tis a bastard,
-So sure as this beard's grey,
---what will you adventure
-To save this brat's life?
-
-ANTIGONUS:
-Any thing, my lord,
-That my ability may undergo
-And nobleness impose: at least thus much:
-I'll pawn the little blood which I have left
-To save the innocent: any thing possible.
-
-LEONTES:
-It shall be possible. Swear by this sword
-Thou wilt perform my bidding.
-
-ANTIGONUS:
-I will, my lord.
-
-LEONTES:
-Mark and perform it, see'st thou! for the fail
-Of any point in't shall not only be
-Death to thyself but to thy lewd-tongued wife,
-Whom for this time we pardon. We enjoin thee,
-As thou art liege-man to us, that thou carry
-This female bastard hence and that thou bear it
-To some remote and desert place quite out
-Of our dominions, and that there thou leave it,
-Without more mercy, to its own protection
-And favour of the climate. As by strange fortune
-It came to us, I do in justice charge thee,
-On thy soul's peril and thy body's torture,
-That thou commend it strangely to some place
-Where chance may nurse or end it. Take it up.
-
-ANTIGONUS:
-I swear to do this, though a present death
-Had been more merciful. Come on, poor babe:
-Some powerful spirit instruct the kites and ravens
-To be thy nurses! Wolves and bears, they say
-Casting their savageness aside have done
-Like offices of pity. Sir, be prosperous
-In more than this deed does require! And blessing
-Against this cruelty fight on thy side,
-Poor thing, condemn'd to loss!
-
-LEONTES:
-No, I'll not rear
-Another's issue.
-
-Servant:
-Please your highness, posts
-From those you sent to the oracle are come
-An hour since: Cleomenes and Dion,
-Being well arrived from Delphos, are both landed,
-Hasting to the court.
-
-First Lord:
-So please you, sir, their speed
-Hath been beyond account.
-
-LEONTES:
-Twenty-three days
-They have been absent: 'tis good speed; foretells
-The great Apollo suddenly will have
-The truth of this appear. Prepare you, lords;
-Summon a session, that we may arraign
-Our most disloyal lady, for, as she hath
-Been publicly accused, so shall she have
-A just and open trial. While she lives
-My heart will be a burthen to me. Leave me,
-And think upon my bidding.
-
-CLEOMENES:
-The climate's delicate, the air most sweet,
-Fertile the isle, the temple much surpassing
-The common praise it bears.
-
-DION:
-I shall report,
-For most it caught me, the celestial habits,
-Methinks I so should term them, and the reverence
-Of the grave wearers. O, the sacrifice!
-How ceremonious, solemn and unearthly
-It was i' the offering!
-
-CLEOMENES:
-But of all, the burst
-And the ear-deafening voice o' the oracle,
-Kin to Jove's thunder, so surprised my sense.
-That I was nothing.
-
-DION:
-If the event o' the journey
-Prove as successful to the queen,--O be't so!--
-As it hath been to us rare, pleasant, speedy,
-The time is worth the use on't.
-
-CLEOMENES:
-Great Apollo
-Turn all to the best! These proclamations,
-So forcing faults upon Hermione,
-I little like.
-
-DION:
-The violent carriage of it
-Will clear or end the business: when the oracle,
-Thus by Apollo's great divine seal'd up,
-Shall the contents discover, something rare
-Even then will rush to knowledge. Go: fresh horses!
-And gracious be the issue!
-
-LEONTES:
-This sessions, to our great grief we pronounce,
-Even pushes 'gainst our heart: the party tried
-The daughter of a king, our wife, and one
-Of us too much beloved. Let us be clear'd
-Of being tyrannous, since we so openly
-Proceed in justice, which shall have due course,
-Even to the guilt or the purgation.
-Produce the prisoner.
-
-Officer:
-It is his highness' pleasure that the queen
-Appear in person here in court. Silence!
-
-LEONTES:
-Read the indictment.
-
-HERMIONE:
-Since what I am to say must be but that
-Which contradicts my accusation and
-The testimony on my part no other
-But what comes from myself, it shall scarce boot me
-To say 'not guilty:' mine integrity
-Being counted falsehood, shall, as I express it,
-Be so received. But thus: if powers divine
-Behold our human actions, as they do,
-I doubt not then but innocence shall make
-False accusation blush and tyranny
-Tremble at patience. You, my lord, best know,
-Who least will seem to do so, my past life
-Hath been as continent, as chaste, as true,
-As I am now unhappy; which is more
-Than history can pattern, though devised
-And play'd to take spectators. For behold me
-A fellow of the royal bed, which owe
-A moiety of the throne a great king's daughter,
-The mother to a hopeful prince, here standing
-To prate and talk for life and honour 'fore
-Who please to come and hear. For life, I prize it
-As I weigh grief, which I would spare: for honour,
-'Tis a derivative from me to mine,
-And only that I stand for. I appeal
-To your own conscience, sir, before Polixenes
-Came to your court, how I was in your grace,
-How merited to be so; since he came,
-With what encounter so uncurrent I
-Have strain'd to appear thus: if one jot beyond
-The bound of honour, or in act or will
-That way inclining, harden'd be the hearts
-Of all that hear me, and my near'st of kin
-Cry fie upon my grave!
-
-LEONTES:
-I ne'er heard yet
-That any of these bolder vices wanted
-Less impudence to gainsay what they did
-Than to perform it first.
-
-HERMIONE:
-That's true enough;
-Through 'tis a saying, sir, not due to me.
-
-LEONTES:
-You will not own it.
-
-HERMIONE:
-More than mistress of
-Which comes to me in name of fault, I must not
-At all acknowledge. For Polixenes,
-With whom I am accused, I do confess
-I loved him as in honour he required,
-With such a kind of love as might become
-A lady like me, with a love even such,
-So and no other, as yourself commanded:
-Which not to have done I think had been in me
-Both disobedience and ingratitude
-To you and toward your friend, whose love had spoke,
-Even since it could speak, from an infant, freely
-That it was yours. Now, for conspiracy,
-I know not how it tastes; though it be dish'd
-For me to try how: all I know of it
-Is that Camillo was an honest man;
-And why he left your court, the gods themselves,
-Wotting no more than I, are ignorant.
-
-LEONTES:
-You knew of his departure, as you know
-What you have underta'en to do in's absence.
-
-HERMIONE:
-Sir,
-You speak a language that I understand not:
-My life stands in the level of your dreams,
-Which I'll lay down.
-
-LEONTES:
-Your actions are my dreams;
-You had a bastard by Polixenes,
-And I but dream'd it. As you were past all shame,--
-Those of your fact are so--so past all truth:
-Which to deny concerns more than avails; for as
-Thy brat hath been cast out, like to itself,
-No father owning it,--which is, indeed,
-More criminal in thee than it,--so thou
-Shalt feel our justice, in whose easiest passage
-Look for no less than death.
-
-HERMIONE:
-Sir, spare your threats:
-The bug which you would fright me with I seek.
-To me can life be no commodity:
-The crown and comfort of my life, your favour,
-I do give lost; for I do feel it gone,
-But know not how it went. My second joy
-And first-fruits of my body, from his presence
-I am barr'd, like one infectious. My third comfort
-Starr'd most unluckily, is from my breast,
-The innocent milk in its most innocent mouth,
-Haled out to murder: myself on every post
-Proclaimed a strumpet: with immodest hatred
-The child-bed privilege denied, which 'longs
-To women of all fashion; lastly, hurried
-Here to this place, i' the open air, before
-I have got strength of limit. Now, my liege,
-Tell me what blessings I have here alive,
-That I should fear to die? Therefore proceed.
-But yet hear this: mistake me not; no life,
-I prize it not a straw, but for mine honour,
-Which I would free, if I shall be condemn'd
-Upon surmises, all proofs sleeping else
-But what your jealousies awake, I tell you
-'Tis rigor and not law. Your honours all,
-I do refer me to the oracle:
-Apollo be my judge!
-
-First Lord:
-This your request
-Is altogether just: therefore bring forth,
-And in Apollos name, his oracle.
-
-HERMIONE:
-The Emperor of Russia was my father:
-O that he were alive, and here beholding
-His daughter's trial! that he did but see
-The flatness of my misery, yet with eyes
-Of pity, not revenge!
-
-Officer:
-You here shall swear upon this sword of justice,
-That you, Cleomenes and Dion, have
-Been both at Delphos, and from thence have brought
-The seal'd-up oracle, by the hand deliver'd
-Of great Apollo's priest; and that, since then,
-You have not dared to break the holy seal
-Nor read the secrets in't.
-
-CLEOMENES:
-All this we swear.
-
-LEONTES:
-Break up the seals and read.
-
-Lords:
-Now blessed be the great Apollo!
-
-HERMIONE:
-Praised!
-
-LEONTES:
-Hast thou read truth?
-
-Officer:
-Ay, my lord; even so
-As it is here set down.
-
-LEONTES:
-There is no truth at all i' the oracle:
-The sessions shall proceed: this is mere falsehood.
-
-Servant:
-My lord the king, the king!
-
-LEONTES:
-What is the business?
-
-Servant:
-O sir, I shall be hated to report it!
-The prince your son, with mere conceit and fear
-Of the queen's speed, is gone.
-
-LEONTES:
-How! gone!
-
-Servant:
-Is dead.
-
-LEONTES:
-Apollo's angry; and the heavens themselves
-Do strike at my injustice.
-How now there!
-
-PAULINA:
-This news is mortal to the queen: look down
-And see what death is doing.
-
-LEONTES:
-Take her hence:
-Her heart is but o'ercharged; she will recover:
-I have too much believed mine own suspicion:
-Beseech you, tenderly apply to her
-Some remedies for life.
-Apollo, pardon
-My great profaneness 'gainst thine oracle!
-I'll reconcile me to Polixenes,
-New woo my queen, recall the good Camillo,
-Whom I proclaim a man of truth, of mercy;
-For, being transported by my jealousies
-To bloody thoughts and to revenge, I chose
-Camillo for the minister to poison
-My friend Polixenes: which had been done,
-But that the good mind of Camillo tardied
-My swift command, though I with death and with
-Reward did threaten and encourage him,
-Not doing 't and being done: he, most humane
-And fill'd with honour, to my kingly guest
-Unclasp'd my practise, quit his fortunes here,
-Which you knew great, and to the hazard
-Of all encertainties himself commended,
-No richer than his honour: how he glisters
-Thorough my rust! and how his pity
-Does my deeds make the blacker!
-
-PAULINA:
-Woe the while!
-O, cut my lace, lest my heart, cracking it,
-Break too.
-
-First Lord:
-What fit is this, good lady?
-
-PAULINA:
-What studied torments, tyrant, hast for me?
-What wheels? racks? fires? what flaying? boiling?
-In leads or oils? what old or newer torture
-Must I receive, whose every word deserves
-To taste of thy most worst? Thy tyranny
-Together working with thy jealousies,
-Fancies too weak for boys, too green and idle
-For girls of nine, O, think what they have done
-And then run mad indeed, stark mad! for all
-Thy by-gone fooleries were but spices of it.
-That thou betray'dst Polixenes,'twas nothing;
-That did but show thee, of a fool, inconstant
-And damnable ingrateful: nor was't much,
-Thou wouldst have poison'd good Camillo's honour,
-To have him kill a king: poor trespasses,
-More monstrous standing by: whereof I reckon
-The casting forth to crows thy baby-daughter
-To be or none or little; though a devil
-Would have shed water out of fire ere done't:
-Nor is't directly laid to thee, the death
-Of the young prince, whose honourable thoughts,
-Thoughts high for one so tender, cleft the heart
-That could conceive a gross and foolish sire
-Blemish'd his gracious dam: this is not, no,
-Laid to thy answer: but the last,--O lords,
-When I have said, cry 'woe!' the queen, the queen,
-The sweet'st, dear'st creature's dead,
-and vengeance for't
-Not dropp'd down yet.
-
-First Lord:
-The higher powers forbid!
-
-PAULINA:
-I say she's dead; I'll swear't. If word nor oath
-Prevail not, go and see: if you can bring
-Tincture or lustre in her lip, her eye,
-Heat outwardly or breath within, I'll serve you
-As I would do the gods. But, O thou tyrant!
-Do not repent these things, for they are heavier
-Than all thy woes can stir; therefore betake thee
-To nothing but despair. A thousand knees
-Ten thousand years together, naked, fasting,
-Upon a barren mountain and still winter
-In storm perpetual, could not move the gods
-To look that way thou wert.
-
-LEONTES:
-Go on, go on
-Thou canst not speak too much; I have deserved
-All tongues to talk their bitterest.
-
-First Lord:
-Say no more:
-Howe'er the business goes, you have made fault
-I' the boldness of your speech.
-
-PAULINA:
-I am sorry for't:
-All faults I make, when I shall come to know them,
-I do repent. Alas! I have show'd too much
-The rashness of a woman: he is touch'd
-To the noble heart. What's gone and what's past help
-Should be past grief: do not receive affliction
-At my petition; I beseech you, rather
-Let me be punish'd, that have minded you
-Of what you should forget. Now, good my liege
-Sir, royal sir, forgive a foolish woman:
-The love I bore your queen--lo, fool again!--
-I'll speak of her no more, nor of your children;
-I'll not remember you of my own lord,
-Who is lost too: take your patience to you,
-And I'll say nothing.
-
-LEONTES:
-Thou didst speak but well
-When most the truth; which I receive much better
-Than to be pitied of thee. Prithee, bring me
-To the dead bodies of my queen and son:
-One grave shall be for both: upon them shall
-The causes of their death appear, unto
-Our shame perpetual. Once a day I'll visit
-The chapel where they lie, and tears shed there
-Shall be my recreation: so long as nature
-Will bear up with this exercise, so long
-I daily vow to use it. Come and lead me
-Unto these sorrows.
-
-ANTIGONUS:
-Thou art perfect then, our ship hath touch'd upon
-The deserts of Bohemia?
-
-Mariner:
-Ay, my lord: and fear
-We have landed in ill time: the skies look grimly
-And threaten present blusters. In my conscience,
-The heavens with that we have in hand are angry
-And frown upon 's.
-
-ANTIGONUS:
-Their sacred wills be done! Go, get aboard;
-Look to thy bark: I'll not be long before
-I call upon thee.
-
-Mariner:
-Make your best haste, and go not
-Too far i' the land: 'tis like to be loud weather;
-Besides, this place is famous for the creatures
-Of prey that keep upon't.
-
-ANTIGONUS:
-Go thou away:
-I'll follow instantly.
-
-Mariner:
-I am glad at heart
-To be so rid o' the business.
-
-ANTIGONUS:
-Come, poor babe:
-I have heard, but not believed,
-the spirits o' the dead
-May walk again: if such thing be, thy mother
-Appear'd to me last night, for ne'er was dream
-So like a waking. To me comes a creature,
-Sometimes her head on one side, some another;
-I never saw a vessel of like sorrow,
-So fill'd and so becoming: in pure white robes,
-Like very sanctity, she did approach
-My cabin where I lay; thrice bow'd before me,
-And gasping to begin some speech, her eyes
-Became two spouts: the fury spent, anon
-Did this break-from her: 'Good Antigonus,
-Since fate, against thy better disposition,
-Hath made thy person for the thrower-out
-Of my poor babe, according to thine oath,
-Places remote enough are in Bohemia,
-There weep and leave it crying; and, for the babe
-Is counted lost for ever, Perdita,
-I prithee, call't. For this ungentle business
-Put on thee by my lord, thou ne'er shalt see
-Thy wife Paulina more.' And so, with shrieks
-She melted into air. Affrighted much,
-I did in time collect myself and thought
-This was so and no slumber. Dreams are toys:
-Yet for this once, yea, superstitiously,
-I will be squared by this. I do believe
-Hermione hath suffer'd death, and that
-Apollo would, this being indeed the issue
-Of King Polixenes, it should here be laid,
-Either for life or death, upon the earth
-Of its right father. Blossom, speed thee well!
-There lie, and there thy character: there these;
-Which may, if fortune please, both breed thee, pretty,
-And still rest thine. The storm begins; poor wretch,
-That for thy mother's fault art thus exposed
-To loss and what may follow! Weep I cannot,
-But my heart bleeds; and most accursed am I
-To be by oath enjoin'd to this. Farewell!
-The day frowns more and more: thou'rt like to have
-A lullaby too rough: I never saw
-The heavens so dim by day. A savage clamour!
-Well may I get aboard! This is the chase:
-I am gone for ever.
-
-Shepherd:
-I would there were no age between sixteen and
-three-and-twenty, or that youth would sleep out the
-rest; for there is nothing in the between but
-getting wenches with child, wronging the ancientry,
-stealing, fighting--Hark you now! Would any but
-these boiled brains of nineteen and two-and-twenty
-hunt this weather? They have scared away two of my
-best sheep, which I fear the wolf will sooner find
-than the master: if any where I have them, 'tis by
-the seaside, browsing of ivy. Good luck, an't be thy
-will what have we here! Mercy on 's, a barne a very
-pretty barne! A boy or a child, I wonder? A
-pretty one; a very pretty one: sure, some 'scape:
-though I am not bookish, yet I can read
-waiting-gentlewoman in the 'scape. This has been
-some stair-work, some trunk-work, some
-behind-door-work: they were warmer that got this
-than the poor thing is here. I'll take it up for
-pity: yet I'll tarry till my son come; he hallooed
-but even now. Whoa, ho, hoa!
-
-Clown:
-Hilloa, loa!
-
-Shepherd:
-What, art so near? If thou'lt see a thing to talk
-on when thou art dead and rotten, come hither. What
-ailest thou, man?
-
-Clown:
-I have seen two such sights, by sea and by land!
-but I am not to say it is a sea, for it is now the
-sky: betwixt the firmament and it you cannot thrust
-a bodkin's point.
-
-Shepherd:
-Why, boy, how is it?
-
-Clown:
-I would you did but see how it chafes, how it rages,
-how it takes up the shore! but that's not the
-point. O, the most piteous cry of the poor souls!
-sometimes to see 'em, and not to see 'em; now the
-ship boring the moon with her main-mast, and anon
-swallowed with yest and froth, as you'ld thrust a
-cork into a hogshead. And then for the
-land-service, to see how the bear tore out his
-shoulder-bone; how he cried to me for help and said
-his name was Antigonus, a nobleman. But to make an
-end of the ship, to see how the sea flap-dragoned
-it: but, first, how the poor souls roared, and the
-sea mocked them; and how the poor gentleman roared
-and the bear mocked him, both roaring louder than
-the sea or weather.
-
-Shepherd:
-Name of mercy, when was this, boy?
-
-Clown:
-Now, now: I have not winked since I saw these
-sights: the men are not yet cold under water, nor
-the bear half dined on the gentleman: he's at it
-now.
-
-Shepherd:
-Would I had been by, to have helped the old man!
-
-Clown:
-I would you had been by the ship side, to have
-helped her: there your charity would have lacked footing.
-
-Shepherd:
-Heavy matters! heavy matters! but look thee here,
-boy. Now bless thyself: thou mettest with things
-dying, I with things newborn. Here's a sight for
-thee; look thee, a bearing-cloth for a squire's
-child! look thee here; take up, take up, boy;
-open't. So, let's see: it was told me I should be
-rich by the fairies. This is some changeling:
-open't. What's within, boy?
-
-Clown:
-You're a made old man: if the sins of your youth
-are forgiven you, you're well to live. Gold! all gold!
-
-Shepherd:
-This is fairy gold, boy, and 'twill prove so: up
-with't, keep it close: home, home, the next way.
-We are lucky, boy; and to be so still requires
-nothing but secrecy. Let my sheep go: come, good
-boy, the next way home.
-
-Clown:
-Go you the next way with your findings. I'll go see
-if the bear be gone from the gentleman and how much
-he hath eaten: they are never curst but when they
-are hungry: if there be any of him left, I'll bury
-it.
-
-Shepherd:
-That's a good deed. If thou mayest discern by that
-which is left of him what he is, fetch me to the
-sight of him.
-
-Clown:
-Marry, will I; and you shall help to put him i' the ground.
-
-Shepherd:
-'Tis a lucky day, boy, and we'll do good deeds on't.
-
-Time:
-I, that please some, try all, both joy and terror
-Of good and bad, that makes and unfolds error,
-Now take upon me, in the name of Time,
-To use my wings. Impute it not a crime
-To me or my swift passage, that I slide
-O'er sixteen years and leave the growth untried
-Of that wide gap, since it is in my power
-To o'erthrow law and in one self-born hour
-To plant and o'erwhelm custom. Let me pass
-The same I am, ere ancient'st order was
-Or what is now received: I witness to
-The times that brought them in; so shall I do
-To the freshest things now reigning and make stale
-The glistering of this present, as my tale
-Now seems to it. Your patience this allowing,
-I turn my glass and give my scene such growing
-As you had slept between: Leontes leaving,
-The effects of his fond jealousies so grieving
-That he shuts up himself, imagine me,
-Gentle spectators, that I now may be
-In fair Bohemia, and remember well,
-I mentioned a son o' the king's, which Florizel
-I now name to you; and with speed so pace
-To speak of Perdita, now grown in grace
-Equal with wondering: what of her ensues
-I list not prophecy; but let Time's news
-Be known when 'tis brought forth.
-A shepherd's daughter,
-And what to her adheres, which follows after,
-Is the argument of Time. Of this allow,
-If ever you have spent time worse ere now;
-If never, yet that Time himself doth say
-He wishes earnestly you never may.
-
-POLIXENES:
-I pray thee, good Camillo, be no more importunate:
-'tis a sickness denying thee any thing; a death to
-grant this.
-
-CAMILLO:
-It is fifteen years since I saw my country: though
-I have for the most part been aired abroad, I
-desire to lay my bones there. Besides, the penitent
-king, my master, hath sent for me; to whose feeling
-sorrows I might be some allay, or I o'erween to
-think so, which is another spur to my departure.
-
-POLIXENES:
-As thou lovest me, Camillo, wipe not out the rest of
-thy services by leaving me now: the need I have of
-thee thine own goodness hath made; better not to
-have had thee than thus to want thee: thou, having
-made me businesses which none without thee can
-sufficiently manage, must either stay to execute
-them thyself or take away with thee the very
-services thou hast done; which if I have not enough
-considered, as too much I cannot, to be more
-thankful to thee shall be my study, and my profit
-therein the heaping friendships. Of that fatal
-country, Sicilia, prithee speak no more; whose very
-naming punishes me with the remembrance of that
-penitent, as thou callest him, and reconciled king,
-my brother; whose loss of his most precious queen
-and children are even now to be afresh lamented.
-Say to me, when sawest thou the Prince Florizel, my
-son? Kings are no less unhappy, their issue not
-being gracious, than they are in losing them when
-they have approved their virtues.
-
-CAMILLO:
-Sir, it is three days since I saw the prince. What
-his happier affairs may be, are to me unknown: but I
-have missingly noted, he is of late much retired
-from court and is less frequent to his princely
-exercises than formerly he hath appeared.
-
-POLIXENES:
-I have considered so much, Camillo, and with some
-care; so far that I have eyes under my service which
-look upon his removedness; from whom I have this
-intelligence, that he is seldom from the house of a
-most homely shepherd; a man, they say, that from
-very nothing, and beyond the imagination of his
-neighbours, is grown into an unspeakable estate.
-
-CAMILLO:
-I have heard, sir, of such a man, who hath a
-daughter of most rare note: the report of her is
-extended more than can be thought to begin from such a cottage.
-
-POLIXENES:
-That's likewise part of my intelligence; but, I
-fear, the angle that plucks our son thither. Thou
-shalt accompany us to the place; where we will, not
-appearing what we are, have some question with the
-shepherd; from whose simplicity I think it not
-uneasy to get the cause of my son's resort thither.
-Prithee, be my present partner in this business, and
-lay aside the thoughts of Sicilia.
-
-CAMILLO:
-I willingly obey your command.
-
-POLIXENES:
-My best Camillo! We must disguise ourselves.
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-When daffodils begin to peer,
-With heigh! the doxy over the dale,
-Why, then comes in the sweet o' the year;
-For the red blood reigns in the winter's pale.
-The white sheet bleaching on the hedge,
-With heigh! the sweet birds, O, how they sing!
-Doth set my pugging tooth on edge;
-For a quart of ale is a dish for a king.
-The lark, that tirra-lyra chants,
-With heigh! with heigh! the thrush and the jay,
-Are summer songs for me and my aunts,
-While we lie tumbling in the hay.
-I have served Prince Florizel and in my time
-wore three-pile; but now I am out of service:
-But shall I go mourn for that, my dear?
-The pale moon shines by night:
-And when I wander here and there,
-I then do most go right.
-If tinkers may have leave to live,
-And bear the sow-skin budget,
-Then my account I well may, give,
-And in the stocks avouch it.
-My traffic is sheets; when the kite builds, look to
-lesser linen. My father named me Autolycus; who
-being, as I am, littered under Mercury, was likewise
-a snapper-up of unconsidered trifles. With die and
-drab I purchased this caparison, and my revenue is
-the silly cheat. Gallows and knock are too powerful
-on the highway: beating and hanging are terrors to
-me: for the life to come, I sleep out the thought
-of it. A prize! a prize!
-
-Clown:
-Let me see: every 'leven wether tods; every tod
-yields pound and odd shilling; fifteen hundred
-shorn. what comes the wool to?
-
-Clown:
-I cannot do't without counters. Let me see; what am
-I to buy for our sheep-shearing feast? Three pound
-of sugar, five pound of currants, rice,--what will
-this sister of mine do with rice? But my father
-hath made her mistress of the feast, and she lays it
-on. She hath made me four and twenty nose-gays for
-the shearers, three-man-song-men all, and very good
-ones; but they are most of them means and bases; but
-one puritan amongst them, and he sings psalms to
-horn-pipes. I must have saffron to colour the warden
-pies; mace; dates?--none, that's out of my note;
-nutmegs, seven; a race or two of ginger, but that I
-may beg; four pound of prunes, and as many of
-raisins o' the sun.
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-O that ever I was born!
-
-Clown:
-I' the name of me--
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-O, help me, help me! pluck but off these rags; and
-then, death, death!
-
-Clown:
-Alack, poor soul! thou hast need of more rags to lay
-on thee, rather than have these off.
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-O sir, the loathsomeness of them offends me more
-than the stripes I have received, which are mighty
-ones and millions.
-
-Clown:
-Alas, poor man! a million of beating may come to a
-great matter.
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-I am robbed, sir, and beaten; my money and apparel
-ta'en from me, and these detestable things put upon
-me.
-
-Clown:
-What, by a horseman, or a footman?
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-A footman, sweet sir, a footman.
-
-Clown:
-Indeed, he should be a footman by the garments he
-has left with thee: if this be a horseman's coat,
-it hath seen very hot service. Lend me thy hand,
-I'll help thee: come, lend me thy hand.
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-O, good sir, tenderly, O!
-
-Clown:
-Alas, poor soul!
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-O, good sir, softly, good sir! I fear, sir, my
-shoulder-blade is out.
-
-Clown:
-How now! canst stand?
-
-Clown:
-Dost lack any money? I have a little money for thee.
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-No, good sweet sir; no, I beseech you, sir: I have
-a kinsman not past three quarters of a mile hence,
-unto whom I was going; I shall there have money, or
-any thing I want: offer me no money, I pray you;
-that kills my heart.
-
-Clown:
-What manner of fellow was he that robbed you?
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-A fellow, sir, that I have known to go about with
-troll-my-dames; I knew him once a servant of the
-prince: I cannot tell, good sir, for which of his
-virtues it was, but he was certainly whipped out of the court.
-
-Clown:
-His vices, you would say; there's no virtue whipped
-out of the court: they cherish it to make it stay
-there; and yet it will no more but abide.
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-Vices, I would say, sir. I know this man well: he
-hath been since an ape-bearer; then a
-process-server, a bailiff; then he compassed a
-motion of the Prodigal Son, and married a tinker's
-wife within a mile where my land and living lies;
-and, having flown over many knavish professions, he
-settled only in rogue: some call him Autolycus.
-
-Clown:
-Out upon him! prig, for my life, prig: he haunts
-wakes, fairs and bear-baitings.
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-Very true, sir; he, sir, he; that's the rogue that
-put me into this apparel.
-
-Clown:
-Not a more cowardly rogue in all Bohemia: if you had
-but looked big and spit at him, he'ld have run.
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-I must confess to you, sir, I am no fighter: I am
-false of heart that way; and that he knew, I warrant
-him.
-
-Clown:
-How do you now?
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-Sweet sir, much better than I was; I can stand and
-walk: I will even take my leave of you, and pace
-softly towards my kinsman's.
-
-Clown:
-Shall I bring thee on the way?
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-No, good-faced sir; no, sweet sir.
-
-Clown:
-Then fare thee well: I must go buy spices for our
-sheep-shearing.
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-Prosper you, sweet sir!
-Your purse is not hot enough to purchase your spice.
-I'll be with you at your sheep-shearing too: if I
-make not this cheat bring out another and the
-shearers prove sheep, let me be unrolled and my name
-put in the book of virtue!
-Jog on, jog on, the foot-path way,
-And merrily hent the stile-a:
-A merry heart goes all the day,
-Your sad tires in a mile-a.
-
-FLORIZEL:
-These your unusual weeds to each part of you
-Do give a life: no shepherdess, but Flora
-Peering in April's front. This your sheep-shearing
-Is as a meeting of the petty gods,
-And you the queen on't.
-
-PERDITA:
-Sir, my gracious lord,
-To chide at your extremes it not becomes me:
-O, pardon, that I name them! Your high self,
-The gracious mark o' the land, you have obscured
-With a swain's wearing, and me, poor lowly maid,
-Most goddess-like prank'd up: but that our feasts
-In every mess have folly and the feeders
-Digest it with a custom, I should blush
-To see you so attired, sworn, I think,
-To show myself a glass.
-
-FLORIZEL:
-I bless the time
-When my good falcon made her flight across
-Thy father's ground.
-
-PERDITA:
-Now Jove afford you cause!
-To me the difference forges dread; your greatness
-Hath not been used to fear. Even now I tremble
-To think your father, by some accident,
-Should pass this way as you did: O, the Fates!
-How would he look, to see his work so noble
-Vilely bound up? What would he say? Or how
-Should I, in these my borrow'd flaunts, behold
-The sternness of his presence?
-
-FLORIZEL:
-Apprehend
-Nothing but jollity. The gods themselves,
-Humbling their deities to love, have taken
-The shapes of beasts upon them: Jupiter
-Became a bull, and bellow'd; the green Neptune
-A ram, and bleated; and the fire-robed god,
-Golden Apollo, a poor humble swain,
-As I seem now. Their transformations
-Were never for a piece of beauty rarer,
-Nor in a way so chaste, since my desires
-Run not before mine honour, nor my lusts
-Burn hotter than my faith.
-
-PERDITA:
-O, but, sir,
-Your resolution cannot hold, when 'tis
-Opposed, as it must be, by the power of the king:
-One of these two must be necessities,
-Which then will speak, that you must
-change this purpose,
-Or I my life.
-
-FLORIZEL:
-Thou dearest Perdita,
-With these forced thoughts, I prithee, darken not
-The mirth o' the feast. Or I'll be thine, my fair,
-Or not my father's. For I cannot be
-Mine own, nor any thing to any, if
-I be not thine. To this I am most constant,
-Though destiny say no. Be merry, gentle;
-Strangle such thoughts as these with any thing
-That you behold the while. Your guests are coming:
-Lift up your countenance, as it were the day
-Of celebration of that nuptial which
-We two have sworn shall come.
-
-PERDITA:
-O lady Fortune,
-Stand you auspicious!
-
-FLORIZEL:
-See, your guests approach:
-Address yourself to entertain them sprightly,
-And let's be red with mirth.
-
-Shepherd:
-Fie, daughter! when my old wife lived, upon
-This day she was both pantler, butler, cook,
-Both dame and servant; welcomed all, served all;
-Would sing her song and dance her turn; now here,
-At upper end o' the table, now i' the middle;
-On his shoulder, and his; her face o' fire
-With labour and the thing she took to quench it,
-She would to each one sip. You are retired,
-As if you were a feasted one and not
-The hostess of the meeting: pray you, bid
-These unknown friends to's welcome; for it is
-A way to make us better friends, more known.
-Come, quench your blushes and present yourself
-That which you are, mistress o' the feast: come on,
-And bid us welcome to your sheep-shearing,
-As your good flock shall prosper.
-
-POLIXENES:
-Shepherdess,
-A fair one are you--well you fit our ages
-With flowers of winter.
-
-PERDITA:
-Sir, the year growing ancient,
-Not yet on summer's death, nor on the birth
-Of trembling winter, the fairest
-flowers o' the season
-Are our carnations and streak'd gillyvors,
-Which some call nature's bastards: of that kind
-Our rustic garden's barren; and I care not
-To get slips of them.
-
-POLIXENES:
-Wherefore, gentle maiden,
-Do you neglect them?
-
-PERDITA:
-For I have heard it said
-There is an art which in their piedness shares
-With great creating nature.
-
-POLIXENES:
-Say there be;
-Yet nature is made better by no mean
-But nature makes that mean: so, over that art
-Which you say adds to nature, is an art
-That nature makes. You see, sweet maid, we marry
-A gentler scion to the wildest stock,
-And make conceive a bark of baser kind
-By bud of nobler race: this is an art
-Which does mend nature, change it rather, but
-The art itself is nature.
-
-PERDITA:
-So it is.
-
-POLIXENES:
-Then make your garden rich in gillyvors,
-And do not call them bastards.
-
-PERDITA:
-I'll not put
-The dibble in earth to set one slip of them;
-No more than were I painted I would wish
-This youth should say 'twere well and only therefore
-Desire to breed by me. Here's flowers for you;
-Hot lavender, mints, savoury, marjoram;
-The marigold, that goes to bed wi' the sun
-And with him rises weeping: these are flowers
-Of middle summer, and I think they are given
-To men of middle age. You're very welcome.
-
-CAMILLO:
-I should leave grazing, were I of your flock,
-And only live by gazing.
-
-PERDITA:
-Out, alas!
-You'd be so lean, that blasts of January
-Would blow you through and through.
-Now, my fair'st friend,
-I would I had some flowers o' the spring that might
-Become your time of day; and yours, and yours,
-That wear upon your virgin branches yet
-Your maidenheads growing: O Proserpina,
-For the flowers now, that frighted thou let'st fall
-From Dis's waggon! daffodils,
-That come before the swallow dares, and take
-The winds of March with beauty; violets dim,
-But sweeter than the lids of Juno's eyes
-Or Cytherea's breath; pale primroses
-That die unmarried, ere they can behold
-Bight Phoebus in his strength--a malady
-Most incident to maids; bold oxlips and
-The crown imperial; lilies of all kinds,
-The flower-de-luce being one! O, these I lack,
-To make you garlands of, and my sweet friend,
-To strew him o'er and o'er!
-
-FLORIZEL:
-What, like a corse?
-
-PERDITA:
-No, like a bank for love to lie and play on;
-Not like a corse; or if, not to be buried,
-But quick and in mine arms. Come, take your flowers:
-Methinks I play as I have seen them do
-In Whitsun pastorals: sure this robe of mine
-Does change my disposition.
-
-FLORIZEL:
-What you do
-Still betters what is done. When you speak, sweet.
-I'ld have you do it ever: when you sing,
-I'ld have you buy and sell so, so give alms,
-Pray so; and, for the ordering your affairs,
-To sing them too: when you do dance, I wish you
-A wave o' the sea, that you might ever do
-Nothing but that; move still, still so,
-And own no other function: each your doing,
-So singular in each particular,
-Crowns what you are doing in the present deed,
-That all your acts are queens.
-
-PERDITA:
-O Doricles,
-Your praises are too large: but that your youth,
-And the true blood which peepeth fairly through't,
-Do plainly give you out an unstain'd shepherd,
-With wisdom I might fear, my Doricles,
-You woo'd me the false way.
-
-FLORIZEL:
-I think you have
-As little skill to fear as I have purpose
-To put you to't. But come; our dance, I pray:
-Your hand, my Perdita: so turtles pair,
-That never mean to part.
-
-PERDITA:
-I'll swear for 'em.
-
-POLIXENES:
-This is the prettiest low-born lass that ever
-Ran on the green-sward: nothing she does or seems
-But smacks of something greater than herself,
-Too noble for this place.
-
-CAMILLO:
-He tells her something
-That makes her blood look out: good sooth, she is
-The queen of curds and cream.
-
-Clown:
-Come on, strike up!
-
-DORCAS:
-Mopsa must be your mistress: marry, garlic,
-To mend her kissing with!
-
-MOPSA:
-Now, in good time!
-
-Clown:
-Not a word, a word; we stand upon our manners.
-Come, strike up!
-
-POLIXENES:
-Pray, good shepherd, what fair swain is this
-Which dances with your daughter?
-
-Shepherd:
-They call him Doricles; and boasts himself
-To have a worthy feeding: but I have it
-Upon his own report and I believe it;
-He looks like sooth. He says he loves my daughter:
-I think so too; for never gazed the moon
-Upon the water as he'll stand and read
-As 'twere my daughter's eyes: and, to be plain.
-I think there is not half a kiss to choose
-Who loves another best.
-
-POLIXENES:
-She dances featly.
-
-Shepherd:
-So she does any thing; though I report it,
-That should be silent: if young Doricles
-Do light upon her, she shall bring him that
-Which he not dreams of.
-
-Servant:
-O master, if you did but hear the pedlar at the
-door, you would never dance again after a tabour and
-pipe; no, the bagpipe could not move you: he sings
-several tunes faster than you'll tell money; he
-utters them as he had eaten ballads and all men's
-ears grew to his tunes.
-
-Clown:
-He could never come better; he shall come in. I
-love a ballad but even too well, if it be doleful
-matter merrily set down, or a very pleasant thing
-indeed and sung lamentably.
-
-Servant:
-He hath songs for man or woman, of all sizes; no
-milliner can so fit his customers with gloves: he
-has the prettiest love-songs for maids; so without
-bawdry, which is strange; with such delicate
-burthens of dildos and fadings, 'jump her and thump
-her;' and where some stretch-mouthed rascal would,
-as it were, mean mischief and break a foul gap into
-the matter, he makes the maid to answer 'Whoop, do me
-no harm, good man;' puts him off, slights him, with
-'Whoop, do me no harm, good man.'
-
-POLIXENES:
-This is a brave fellow.
-
-Clown:
-Believe me, thou talkest of an admirable conceited
-fellow. Has he any unbraided wares?
-
-Servant:
-He hath ribbons of an the colours i' the rainbow;
-points more than all the lawyers in Bohemia can
-learnedly handle, though they come to him by the
-gross: inkles, caddisses, cambrics, lawns: why, he
-sings 'em over as they were gods or goddesses; you
-would think a smock were a she-angel, he so chants
-to the sleeve-hand and the work about the square on't.
-
-Clown:
-Prithee bring him in; and let him approach singing.
-
-PERDITA:
-Forewarn him that he use no scurrilous words in 's tunes.
-
-Clown:
-You have of these pedlars, that have more in them
-than you'ld think, sister.
-
-PERDITA:
-Ay, good brother, or go about to think.
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-Lawn as white as driven snow;
-Cyprus black as e'er was crow;
-Gloves as sweet as damask roses;
-Masks for faces and for noses;
-Bugle bracelet, necklace amber,
-Perfume for a lady's chamber;
-Golden quoifs and stomachers,
-For my lads to give their dears:
-Pins and poking-sticks of steel,
-What maids lack from head to heel:
-Come buy of me, come; come buy, come buy;
-Buy lads, or else your lasses cry: Come buy.
-
-Clown:
-If I were not in love with Mopsa, thou shouldst take
-no money of me; but being enthralled as I am, it
-will also be the bondage of certain ribbons and gloves.
-
-MOPSA:
-I was promised them against the feast; but they come
-not too late now.
-
-DORCAS:
-He hath promised you more than that, or there be liars.
-
-MOPSA:
-He hath paid you all he promised you; may be, he has
-paid you more, which will shame you to give him again.
-
-Clown:
-Is there no manners left among maids? will they
-wear their plackets where they should bear their
-faces? Is there not milking-time, when you are
-going to bed, or kiln-hole, to whistle off these
-secrets, but you must be tittle-tattling before all
-our guests? 'tis well they are whispering: clamour
-your tongues, and not a word more.
-
-MOPSA:
-I have done. Come, you promised me a tawdry-lace
-and a pair of sweet gloves.
-
-Clown:
-Have I not told thee how I was cozened by the way
-and lost all my money?
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-And indeed, sir, there are cozeners abroad;
-therefore it behoves men to be wary.
-
-Clown:
-Fear not thou, man, thou shalt lose nothing here.
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-I hope so, sir; for I have about me many parcels of charge.
-
-Clown:
-What hast here? ballads?
-
-MOPSA:
-Pray now, buy some: I love a ballad in print o'
-life, for then we are sure they are true.
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-Here's one to a very doleful tune, how a usurer's
-wife was brought to bed of twenty money-bags at a
-burthen and how she longed to eat adders' heads and
-toads carbonadoed.
-
-MOPSA:
-Is it true, think you?
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-Very true, and but a month old.
-
-DORCAS:
-Bless me from marrying a usurer!
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-Here's the midwife's name to't, one Mistress
-Tale-porter, and five or six honest wives that were
-present. Why should I carry lies abroad?
-
-MOPSA:
-Pray you now, buy it.
-
-Clown:
-Come on, lay it by: and let's first see moe
-ballads; we'll buy the other things anon.
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-Here's another ballad of a fish, that appeared upon
-the coast on Wednesday the four-score of April,
-forty thousand fathom above water, and sung this
-ballad against the hard hearts of maids: it was
-thought she was a woman and was turned into a cold
-fish for she would not exchange flesh with one that
-loved her: the ballad is very pitiful and as true.
-
-DORCAS:
-Is it true too, think you?
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-Five justices' hands at it, and witnesses more than
-my pack will hold.
-
-Clown:
-Lay it by too: another.
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-This is a merry ballad, but a very pretty one.
-
-MOPSA:
-Let's have some merry ones.
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-Why, this is a passing merry one and goes to
-the tune of 'Two maids wooing a man:' there's
-scarce a maid westward but she sings it; 'tis in
-request, I can tell you.
-
-MOPSA:
-We can both sing it: if thou'lt bear a part, thou
-shalt hear; 'tis in three parts.
-
-DORCAS:
-We had the tune on't a month ago.
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-I can bear my part; you must know 'tis my
-occupation; have at it with you.
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-Get you hence, for I must go
-Where it fits not you to know.
-
-DORCAS:
-Whither?
-
-MOPSA:
-O, whither?
-
-DORCAS:
-Whither?
-
-MOPSA:
-It becomes thy oath full well,
-Thou to me thy secrets tell.
-
-DORCAS:
-Me too, let me go thither.
-
-MOPSA:
-Or thou goest to the orange or mill.
-
-DORCAS:
-If to either, thou dost ill.
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-Neither.
-
-DORCAS:
-What, neither?
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-Neither.
-
-DORCAS:
-Thou hast sworn my love to be.
-
-MOPSA:
-Thou hast sworn it more to me:
-Then whither goest? say, whither?
-
-Clown:
-We'll have this song out anon by ourselves: my
-father and the gentlemen are in sad talk, and we'll
-not trouble them. Come, bring away thy pack after
-me. Wenches, I'll buy for you both. Pedlar, let's
-have the first choice. Follow me, girls.
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-And you shall pay well for 'em.
-Will you buy any tape,
-Or lace for your cape,
-My dainty duck, my dear-a?
-Any silk, any thread,
-Any toys for your head,
-Of the new'st and finest, finest wear-a?
-Come to the pedlar;
-Money's a medler.
-That doth utter all men's ware-a.
-
-Servant:
-Master, there is three carters, three shepherds,
-three neat-herds, three swine-herds, that have made
-themselves all men of hair, they call themselves
-Saltiers, and they have a dance which the wenches
-say is a gallimaufry of gambols, because they are
-not in't; but they themselves are o' the mind, if it
-be not too rough for some that know little but
-bowling, it will please plentifully.
-
-Shepherd:
-Away! we'll none on 't: here has been too much
-homely foolery already. I know, sir, we weary you.
-
-POLIXENES:
-You weary those that refresh us: pray, let's see
-these four threes of herdsmen.
-
-Servant:
-One three of them, by their own report, sir, hath
-danced before the king; and not the worst of the
-three but jumps twelve foot and a half by the squier.
-
-Shepherd:
-Leave your prating: since these good men are
-pleased, let them come in; but quickly now.
-
-Servant:
-Why, they stay at door, sir.
-
-POLIXENES:
-O, father, you'll know more of that hereafter.
-Is it not too far gone? 'Tis time to part them.
-He's simple and tells much.
-How now, fair shepherd!
-Your heart is full of something that does take
-Your mind from feasting. Sooth, when I was young
-And handed love as you do, I was wont
-To load my she with knacks: I would have ransack'd
-The pedlar's silken treasury and have pour'd it
-To her acceptance; you have let him go
-And nothing marted with him. If your lass
-Interpretation should abuse and call this
-Your lack of love or bounty, you were straited
-For a reply, at least if you make a care
-Of happy holding her.
-
-FLORIZEL:
-Old sir, I know
-She prizes not such trifles as these are:
-The gifts she looks from me are pack'd and lock'd
-Up in my heart; which I have given already,
-But not deliver'd. O, hear me breathe my life
-Before this ancient sir, who, it should seem,
-Hath sometime loved! I take thy hand, this hand,
-As soft as dove's down and as white as it,
-Or Ethiopian's tooth, or the fann'd
-snow that's bolted
-By the northern blasts twice o'er.
-
-POLIXENES:
-What follows this?
-How prettily the young swain seems to wash
-The hand was fair before! I have put you out:
-But to your protestation; let me hear
-What you profess.
-
-FLORIZEL:
-Do, and be witness to 't.
-
-POLIXENES:
-And this my neighbour too?
-
-FLORIZEL:
-And he, and more
-Than he, and men, the earth, the heavens, and all:
-That, were I crown'd the most imperial monarch,
-Thereof most worthy, were I the fairest youth
-That ever made eye swerve, had force and knowledge
-More than was ever man's, I would not prize them
-Without her love; for her employ them all;
-Commend them and condemn them to her service
-Or to their own perdition.
-
-POLIXENES:
-Fairly offer'd.
-
-CAMILLO:
-This shows a sound affection.
-
-Shepherd:
-But, my daughter,
-Say you the like to him?
-
-PERDITA:
-I cannot speak
-So well, nothing so well; no, nor mean better:
-By the pattern of mine own thoughts I cut out
-The purity of his.
-
-Shepherd:
-Take hands, a bargain!
-And, friends unknown, you shall bear witness to 't:
-I give my daughter to him, and will make
-Her portion equal his.
-
-FLORIZEL:
-O, that must be
-I' the virtue of your daughter: one being dead,
-I shall have more than you can dream of yet;
-Enough then for your wonder. But, come on,
-Contract us 'fore these witnesses.
-
-Shepherd:
-Come, your hand;
-And, daughter, yours.
-
-POLIXENES:
-Soft, swain, awhile, beseech you;
-Have you a father?
-
-FLORIZEL:
-I have: but what of him?
-
-POLIXENES:
-Knows he of this?
-
-FLORIZEL:
-He neither does nor shall.
-
-POLIXENES:
-Methinks a father
-Is at the nuptial of his son a guest
-That best becomes the table. Pray you once more,
-Is not your father grown incapable
-Of reasonable affairs? is he not stupid
-With age and altering rheums? can he speak? hear?
-Know man from man? dispute his own estate?
-Lies he not bed-rid? and again does nothing
-But what he did being childish?
-
-FLORIZEL:
-No, good sir;
-He has his health and ampler strength indeed
-Than most have of his age.
-
-POLIXENES:
-By my white beard,
-You offer him, if this be so, a wrong
-Something unfilial: reason my son
-Should choose himself a wife, but as good reason
-The father, all whose joy is nothing else
-But fair posterity, should hold some counsel
-In such a business.
-
-FLORIZEL:
-I yield all this;
-But for some other reasons, my grave sir,
-Which 'tis not fit you know, I not acquaint
-My father of this business.
-
-POLIXENES:
-Let him know't.
-
-FLORIZEL:
-He shall not.
-
-POLIXENES:
-Prithee, let him.
-
-FLORIZEL:
-No, he must not.
-
-Shepherd:
-Let him, my son: he shall not need to grieve
-At knowing of thy choice.
-
-FLORIZEL:
-Come, come, he must not.
-Mark our contract.
-
-POLIXENES:
-Mark your divorce, young sir,
-Whom son I dare not call; thou art too base
-To be acknowledged: thou a sceptre's heir,
-That thus affect'st a sheep-hook! Thou old traitor,
-I am sorry that by hanging thee I can
-But shorten thy life one week. And thou, fresh piece
-Of excellent witchcraft, who of force must know
-The royal fool thou copest with,--
-
-Shepherd:
-O, my heart!
-
-POLIXENES:
-I'll have thy beauty scratch'd with briers, and made
-More homely than thy state. For thee, fond boy,
-If I may ever know thou dost but sigh
-That thou no more shalt see this knack, as never
-I mean thou shalt, we'll bar thee from succession;
-Not hold thee of our blood, no, not our kin,
-Far than Deucalion off: mark thou my words:
-Follow us to the court. Thou churl, for this time,
-Though full of our displeasure, yet we free thee
-From the dead blow of it. And you, enchantment.--
-Worthy enough a herdsman: yea, him too,
-That makes himself, but for our honour therein,
-Unworthy thee,--if ever henceforth thou
-These rural latches to his entrance open,
-Or hoop his body more with thy embraces,
-I will devise a death as cruel for thee
-As thou art tender to't.
-
-PERDITA:
-Even here undone!
-I was not much afeard; for once or twice
-I was about to speak and tell him plainly,
-The selfsame sun that shines upon his court
-Hides not his visage from our cottage but
-Looks on alike. Will't please you, sir, be gone?
-I told you what would come of this: beseech you,
-Of your own state take care: this dream of mine,--
-Being now awake, I'll queen it no inch farther,
-But milk my ewes and weep.
-
-CAMILLO:
-Why, how now, father!
-Speak ere thou diest.
-
-Shepherd:
-I cannot speak, nor think
-Nor dare to know that which I know. O sir!
-You have undone a man of fourscore three,
-That thought to fill his grave in quiet, yea,
-To die upon the bed my father died,
-To lie close by his honest bones: but now
-Some hangman must put on my shroud and lay me
-Where no priest shovels in dust. O cursed wretch,
-That knew'st this was the prince,
-and wouldst adventure
-To mingle faith with him! Undone! undone!
-If I might die within this hour, I have lived
-To die when I desire.
-
-FLORIZEL:
-Why look you so upon me?
-I am but sorry, not afeard; delay'd,
-But nothing alter'd: what I was, I am;
-More straining on for plucking back, not following
-My leash unwillingly.
-
-CAMILLO:
-Gracious my lord,
-You know your father's temper: at this time
-He will allow no speech, which I do guess
-You do not purpose to him; and as hardly
-Will he endure your sight as yet, I fear:
-Then, till the fury of his highness settle,
-Come not before him.
-
-FLORIZEL:
-I not purpose it.
-I think, Camillo?
-
-CAMILLO:
-Even he, my lord.
-
-PERDITA:
-How often have I told you 'twould be thus!
-How often said, my dignity would last
-But till 'twere known!
-
-FLORIZEL:
-It cannot fail but by
-The violation of my faith; and then
-Let nature crush the sides o' the earth together
-And mar the seeds within! Lift up thy looks:
-From my succession wipe me, father; I
-Am heir to my affection.
-
-CAMILLO:
-Be advised.
-
-FLORIZEL:
-I am, and by my fancy: if my reason
-Will thereto be obedient, I have reason;
-If not, my senses, better pleased with madness,
-Do bid it welcome.
-
-CAMILLO:
-This is desperate, sir.
-
-FLORIZEL:
-So call it: but it does fulfil my vow;
-I needs must think it honesty. Camillo,
-Not for Bohemia, nor the pomp that may
-Be thereat glean'd, for all the sun sees or
-The close earth wombs or the profound sea hides
-In unknown fathoms, will I break my oath
-To this my fair beloved: therefore, I pray you,
-As you have ever been my father's honour'd friend,
-When he shall miss me,--as, in faith, I mean not
-To see him any more,--cast your good counsels
-Upon his passion; let myself and fortune
-Tug for the time to come. This you may know
-And so deliver, I am put to sea
-With her whom here I cannot hold on shore;
-And most opportune to our need I have
-A vessel rides fast by, but not prepared
-For this design. What course I mean to hold
-Shall nothing benefit your knowledge, nor
-Concern me the reporting.
-
-CAMILLO:
-O my lord!
-I would your spirit were easier for advice,
-Or stronger for your need.
-
-FLORIZEL:
-Hark, Perdita
-I'll hear you by and by.
-
-CAMILLO:
-He's irremoveable,
-Resolved for flight. Now were I happy, if
-His going I could frame to serve my turn,
-Save him from danger, do him love and honour,
-Purchase the sight again of dear Sicilia
-And that unhappy king, my master, whom
-I so much thirst to see.
-
-FLORIZEL:
-Now, good Camillo;
-I am so fraught with curious business that
-I leave out ceremony.
-
-CAMILLO:
-Sir, I think
-You have heard of my poor services, i' the love
-That I have borne your father?
-
-FLORIZEL:
-Very nobly
-Have you deserved: it is my father's music
-To speak your deeds, not little of his care
-To have them recompensed as thought on.
-
-CAMILLO:
-Well, my lord,
-If you may please to think I love the king
-And through him what is nearest to him, which is
-Your gracious self, embrace but my direction:
-If your more ponderous and settled project
-May suffer alteration, on mine honour,
-I'll point you where you shall have such receiving
-As shall become your highness; where you may
-Enjoy your mistress, from the whom, I see,
-There's no disjunction to be made, but by--
-As heavens forefend!--your ruin; marry her,
-And, with my best endeavours in your absence,
-Your discontenting father strive to qualify
-And bring him up to liking.
-
-FLORIZEL:
-How, Camillo,
-May this, almost a miracle, be done?
-That I may call thee something more than man
-And after that trust to thee.
-
-CAMILLO:
-Have you thought on
-A place whereto you'll go?
-
-FLORIZEL:
-Not any yet:
-But as the unthought-on accident is guilty
-To what we wildly do, so we profess
-Ourselves to be the slaves of chance and flies
-Of every wind that blows.
-
-CAMILLO:
-Then list to me:
-This follows, if you will not change your purpose
-But undergo this flight, make for Sicilia,
-And there present yourself and your fair princess,
-For so I see she must be, 'fore Leontes:
-She shall be habited as it becomes
-The partner of your bed. Methinks I see
-Leontes opening his free arms and weeping
-His welcomes forth; asks thee the son forgiveness,
-As 'twere i' the father's person; kisses the hands
-Of your fresh princess; o'er and o'er divides him
-'Twixt his unkindness and his kindness; the one
-He chides to hell and bids the other grow
-Faster than thought or time.
-
-FLORIZEL:
-Worthy Camillo,
-What colour for my visitation shall I
-Hold up before him?
-
-CAMILLO:
-Sent by the king your father
-To greet him and to give him comforts. Sir,
-The manner of your bearing towards him, with
-What you as from your father shall deliver,
-Things known betwixt us three, I'll write you down:
-The which shall point you forth at every sitting
-What you must say; that he shall not perceive
-But that you have your father's bosom there
-And speak his very heart.
-
-FLORIZEL:
-I am bound to you:
-There is some sap in this.
-
-CAMILLO:
-A cause more promising
-Than a wild dedication of yourselves
-To unpath'd waters, undream'd shores, most certain
-To miseries enough; no hope to help you,
-But as you shake off one to take another;
-Nothing so certain as your anchors, who
-Do their best office, if they can but stay you
-Where you'll be loath to be: besides you know
-Prosperity's the very bond of love,
-Whose fresh complexion and whose heart together
-Affliction alters.
-
-PERDITA:
-One of these is true:
-I think affliction may subdue the cheek,
-But not take in the mind.
-
-CAMILLO:
-Yea, say you so?
-There shall not at your father's house these
-seven years
-Be born another such.
-
-FLORIZEL:
-My good Camillo,
-She is as forward of her breeding as
-She is i' the rear our birth.
-
-CAMILLO:
-I cannot say 'tis pity
-She lacks instructions, for she seems a mistress
-To most that teach.
-
-PERDITA:
-Your pardon, sir; for this
-I'll blush you thanks.
-
-FLORIZEL:
-My prettiest Perdita!
-But O, the thorns we stand upon! Camillo,
-Preserver of my father, now of me,
-The medicine of our house, how shall we do?
-We are not furnish'd like Bohemia's son,
-Nor shall appear in Sicilia.
-
-CAMILLO:
-My lord,
-Fear none of this: I think you know my fortunes
-Do all lie there: it shall be so my care
-To have you royally appointed as if
-The scene you play were mine. For instance, sir,
-That you may know you shall not want, one word.
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-Ha, ha! what a fool Honesty is! and Trust, his
-sworn brother, a very simple gentleman! I have sold
-all my trumpery; not a counterfeit stone, not a
-ribbon, glass, pomander, brooch, table-book, ballad,
-knife, tape, glove, shoe-tie, bracelet, horn-ring,
-to keep my pack from fasting: they throng who
-should buy first, as if my trinkets had been
-hallowed and brought a benediction to the buyer:
-by which means I saw whose purse was best in
-picture; and what I saw, to my good use I
-remembered. My clown, who wants but something to
-be a reasonable man, grew so in love with the
-wenches' song, that he would not stir his pettitoes
-till he had both tune and words; which so drew the
-rest of the herd to me that all their other senses
-stuck in ears: you might have pinched a placket, it
-was senseless; 'twas nothing to geld a codpiece of a
-purse; I could have filed keys off that hung in
-chains: no hearing, no feeling, but my sir's song,
-and admiring the nothing of it. So that in this
-time of lethargy I picked and cut most of their
-festival purses; and had not the old man come in
-with a whoo-bub against his daughter and the king's
-son and scared my choughs from the chaff, I had not
-left a purse alive in the whole army.
-
-CAMILLO:
-Nay, but my letters, by this means being there
-So soon as you arrive, shall clear that doubt.
-
-FLORIZEL:
-And those that you'll procure from King Leontes--
-
-CAMILLO:
-Shall satisfy your father.
-
-PERDITA:
-Happy be you!
-All that you speak shows fair.
-
-CAMILLO:
-Who have we here?
-We'll make an instrument of this, omit
-Nothing may give us aid.
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-If they have overheard me now, why, hanging.
-
-CAMILLO:
-How now, good fellow! why shakest thou so? Fear
-not, man; here's no harm intended to thee.
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-I am a poor fellow, sir.
-
-CAMILLO:
-Why, be so still; here's nobody will steal that from
-thee: yet for the outside of thy poverty we must
-make an exchange; therefore discase thee instantly,
---thou must think there's a necessity in't,--and
-change garments with this gentleman: though the
-pennyworth on his side be the worst, yet hold thee,
-there's some boot.
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-I am a poor fellow, sir.
-I know ye well enough.
-
-CAMILLO:
-Nay, prithee, dispatch: the gentleman is half
-flayed already.
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-Are you in earnest, sir?
-I smell the trick on't.
-
-FLORIZEL:
-Dispatch, I prithee.
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-Indeed, I have had earnest: but I cannot with
-conscience take it.
-
-CAMILLO:
-Unbuckle, unbuckle.
-Fortunate mistress,--let my prophecy
-Come home to ye!--you must retire yourself
-Into some covert: take your sweetheart's hat
-And pluck it o'er your brows, muffle your face,
-Dismantle you, and, as you can, disliken
-The truth of your own seeming; that you may--
-For I do fear eyes over--to shipboard
-Get undescried.
-
-PERDITA:
-I see the play so lies
-That I must bear a part.
-
-CAMILLO:
-No remedy.
-Have you done there?
-
-FLORIZEL:
-Should I now meet my father,
-He would not call me son.
-
-CAMILLO:
-Nay, you shall have no hat.
-Come, lady, come. Farewell, my friend.
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-Adieu, sir.
-
-FLORIZEL:
-O Perdita, what have we twain forgot!
-Pray you, a word.
-
-FLORIZEL:
-Fortune speed us!
-Thus we set on, Camillo, to the sea-side.
-
-CAMILLO:
-The swifter speed the better.
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-I understand the business, I hear it: to have an
-open ear, a quick eye, and a nimble hand, is
-necessary for a cut-purse; a good nose is requisite
-also, to smell out work for the other senses. I see
-this is the time that the unjust man doth thrive.
-What an exchange had this been without boot! What
-a boot is here with this exchange! Sure the gods do
-this year connive at us, and we may do any thing
-extempore. The prince himself is about a piece of
-iniquity, stealing away from his father with his
-clog at his heels: if I thought it were a piece of
-honesty to acquaint the king withal, I would not
-do't: I hold it the more knavery to conceal it;
-and therein am I constant to my profession.
-Aside, aside; here is more matter for a hot brain:
-every lane's end, every shop, church, session,
-hanging, yields a careful man work.
-
-Clown:
-See, see; what a man you are now!
-There is no other way but to tell the king
-she's a changeling and none of your flesh and blood.
-
-Shepherd:
-Nay, but hear me.
-
-Clown:
-Nay, but hear me.
-
-Shepherd:
-Go to, then.
-
-Clown:
-She being none of your flesh and blood, your flesh
-and blood has not offended the king; and so your
-flesh and blood is not to be punished by him. Show
-those things you found about her, those secret
-things, all but what she has with her: this being
-done, let the law go whistle: I warrant you.
-
-Shepherd:
-I will tell the king all, every word, yea, and his
-son's pranks too; who, I may say, is no honest man,
-neither to his father nor to me, to go about to make
-me the king's brother-in-law.
-
-Clown:
-Indeed, brother-in-law was the farthest off you
-could have been to him and then your blood had been
-the dearer by I know how much an ounce.
-
-Shepherd:
-Well, let us to the king: there is that in this
-fardel will make him scratch his beard.
-
-Clown:
-Pray heartily he be at palace.
-
-Shepherd:
-To the palace, an it like your worship.
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-Your affairs there, what, with whom, the condition
-of that fardel, the place of your dwelling, your
-names, your ages, of what having, breeding, and any
-thing that is fitting to be known, discover.
-
-Clown:
-We are but plain fellows, sir.
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-A lie; you are rough and hairy. Let me have no
-lying: it becomes none but tradesmen, and they
-often give us soldiers the lie: but we pay them for
-it with stamped coin, not stabbing steel; therefore
-they do not give us the lie.
-
-Clown:
-Your worship had like to have given us one, if you
-had not taken yourself with the manner.
-
-Shepherd:
-Are you a courtier, an't like you, sir?
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-Whether it like me or no, I am a courtier. Seest
-thou not the air of the court in these enfoldings?
-hath not my gait in it the measure of the court?
-receives not thy nose court-odor from me? reflect I
-not on thy baseness court-contempt? Thinkest thou,
-for that I insinuate, or toaze from thee thy
-business, I am therefore no courtier? I am courtier
-cap-a-pe; and one that will either push on or pluck
-back thy business there: whereupon I command thee to
-open thy affair.
-
-Shepherd:
-My business, sir, is to the king.
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-What advocate hast thou to him?
-
-Shepherd:
-I know not, an't like you.
-
-Clown:
-Advocate's the court-word for a pheasant: say you
-have none.
-
-Shepherd:
-None, sir; I have no pheasant, cock nor hen.
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-How blessed are we that are not simple men!
-Yet nature might have made me as these are,
-Therefore I will not disdain.
-
-Clown:
-This cannot be but a great courtier.
-
-Shepherd:
-His garments are rich, but he wears
-them not handsomely.
-
-Clown:
-He seems to be the more noble in being fantastical:
-a great man, I'll warrant; I know by the picking
-on's teeth.
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-The fardel there? what's i' the fardel?
-Wherefore that box?
-
-Shepherd:
-Sir, there lies such secrets in this fardel and box,
-which none must know but the king; and which he
-shall know within this hour, if I may come to the
-speech of him.
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-Age, thou hast lost thy labour.
-
-Shepherd:
-Why, sir?
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-The king is not at the palace; he is gone aboard a
-new ship to purge melancholy and air himself: for,
-if thou beest capable of things serious, thou must
-know the king is full of grief.
-
-Shepard:
-So 'tis said, sir; about his son, that should have
-married a shepherd's daughter.
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-If that shepherd be not in hand-fast, let him fly:
-the curses he shall have, the tortures he shall
-feel, will break the back of man, the heart of monster.
-
-Clown:
-Think you so, sir?
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-Not he alone shall suffer what wit can make heavy
-and vengeance bitter; but those that are germane to
-him, though removed fifty times, shall all come
-under the hangman: which though it be great pity,
-yet it is necessary. An old sheep-whistling rogue a
-ram-tender, to offer to have his daughter come into
-grace! Some say he shall be stoned; but that death
-is too soft for him, say I draw our throne into a
-sheep-cote! all deaths are too few, the sharpest too easy.
-
-Clown:
-Has the old man e'er a son, sir, do you hear. an't
-like you, sir?
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-He has a son, who shall be flayed alive; then
-'nointed over with honey, set on the head of a
-wasp's nest; then stand till he be three quarters
-and a dram dead; then recovered again with
-aqua-vitae or some other hot infusion; then, raw as
-he is, and in the hottest day prognostication
-proclaims, shall be be set against a brick-wall, the
-sun looking with a southward eye upon him, where he
-is to behold him with flies blown to death. But what
-talk we of these traitorly rascals, whose miseries
-are to be smiled at, their offences being so
-capital? Tell me, for you seem to be honest plain
-men, what you have to the king: being something
-gently considered, I'll bring you where he is
-aboard, tender your persons to his presence,
-whisper him in your behalfs; and if it be in man
-besides the king to effect your suits, here is man
-shall do it.
-
-Clown:
-He seems to be of great authority: close with him,
-give him gold; and though authority be a stubborn
-bear, yet he is oft led by the nose with gold: show
-the inside of your purse to the outside of his hand,
-and no more ado. Remember 'stoned,' and 'flayed alive.'
-
-Shepherd:
-An't please you, sir, to undertake the business for
-us, here is that gold I have: I'll make it as much
-more and leave this young man in pawn till I bring it you.
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-After I have done what I promised?
-
-Shepherd:
-Ay, sir.
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-Well, give me the moiety. Are you a party in this business?
-
-Clown:
-In some sort, sir: but though my case be a pitiful
-one, I hope I shall not be flayed out of it.
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-O, that's the case of the shepherd's son: hang him,
-he'll be made an example.
-
-Clown:
-Comfort, good comfort! We must to the king and show
-our strange sights: he must know 'tis none of your
-daughter nor my sister; we are gone else. Sir, I
-will give you as much as this old man does when the
-business is performed, and remain, as he says, your
-pawn till it be brought you.
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-I will trust you. Walk before toward the sea-side;
-go on the right hand: I will but look upon the
-hedge and follow you.
-
-Clown:
-We are blest in this man, as I may say, even blest.
-
-Shepherd:
-Let's before as he bids us: he was provided to do us good.
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-If I had a mind to be honest, I see Fortune would
-not suffer me: she drops booties in my mouth. I am
-courted now with a double occasion, gold and a means
-to do the prince my master good; which who knows how
-that may turn back to my advancement? I will bring
-these two moles, these blind ones, aboard him: if he
-think it fit to shore them again and that the
-complaint they have to the king concerns him
-nothing, let him call me rogue for being so far
-officious; for I am proof against that title and
-what shame else belongs to't. To him will I present
-them: there may be matter in it.
-
-CLEOMENES:
-Sir, you have done enough, and have perform'd
-A saint-like sorrow: no fault could you make,
-Which you have not redeem'd; indeed, paid down
-More penitence than done trespass: at the last,
-Do as the heavens have done, forget your evil;
-With them forgive yourself.
-
-LEONTES:
-Whilst I remember
-Her and her virtues, I cannot forget
-My blemishes in them, and so still think of
-The wrong I did myself; which was so much,
-That heirless it hath made my kingdom and
-Destroy'd the sweet'st companion that e'er man
-Bred his hopes out of.
-
-PAULINA:
-True, too true, my lord:
-If, one by one, you wedded all the world,
-Or from the all that are took something good,
-To make a perfect woman, she you kill'd
-Would be unparallel'd.
-
-LEONTES:
-I think so. Kill'd!
-She I kill'd! I did so: but thou strikest me
-Sorely, to say I did; it is as bitter
-Upon thy tongue as in my thought: now, good now,
-Say so but seldom.
-
-CLEOMENES:
-Not at all, good lady:
-You might have spoken a thousand things that would
-Have done the time more benefit and graced
-Your kindness better.
-
-PAULINA:
-You are one of those
-Would have him wed again.
-
-DION:
-If you would not so,
-You pity not the state, nor the remembrance
-Of his most sovereign name; consider little
-What dangers, by his highness' fail of issue,
-May drop upon his kingdom and devour
-Incertain lookers on. What were more holy
-Than to rejoice the former queen is well?
-What holier than, for royalty's repair,
-For present comfort and for future good,
-To bless the bed of majesty again
-With a sweet fellow to't?
-
-PAULINA:
-There is none worthy,
-Respecting her that's gone. Besides, the gods
-Will have fulfill'd their secret purposes;
-For has not the divine Apollo said,
-Is't not the tenor of his oracle,
-That King Leontes shall not have an heir
-Till his lost child be found? which that it shall,
-Is all as monstrous to our human reason
-As my Antigonus to break his grave
-And come again to me; who, on my life,
-Did perish with the infant. 'Tis your counsel
-My lord should to the heavens be contrary,
-Oppose against their wills.
-Care not for issue;
-The crown will find an heir: great Alexander
-Left his to the worthiest; so his successor
-Was like to be the best.
-
-LEONTES:
-Good Paulina,
-Who hast the memory of Hermione,
-I know, in honour, O, that ever I
-Had squared me to thy counsel! then, even now,
-I might have look'd upon my queen's full eyes,
-Have taken treasure from her lips--
-
-PAULINA:
-And left them
-More rich for what they yielded.
-
-LEONTES:
-Thou speak'st truth.
-No more such wives; therefore, no wife: one worse,
-And better used, would make her sainted spirit
-Again possess her corpse, and on this stage,
-Where we're offenders now, appear soul-vex'd,
-And begin, 'Why to me?'
-
-PAULINA:
-Had she such power,
-She had just cause.
-
-LEONTES:
-She had; and would incense me
-To murder her I married.
-
-PAULINA:
-I should so.
-Were I the ghost that walk'd, I'ld bid you mark
-Her eye, and tell me for what dull part in't
-You chose her; then I'ld shriek, that even your ears
-Should rift to hear me; and the words that follow'd
-Should be 'Remember mine.'
-
-LEONTES:
-Stars, stars,
-And all eyes else dead coals! Fear thou no wife;
-I'll have no wife, Paulina.
-
-PAULINA:
-Will you swear
-Never to marry but by my free leave?
-
-LEONTES:
-Never, Paulina; so be blest my spirit!
-
-PAULINA:
-Then, good my lords, bear witness to his oath.
-
-CLEOMENES:
-You tempt him over-much.
-
-PAULINA:
-Unless another,
-As like Hermione as is her picture,
-Affront his eye.
-
-CLEOMENES:
-Good madam,--
-
-PAULINA:
-I have done.
-Yet, if my lord will marry,--if you will, sir,
-No remedy, but you will,--give me the office
-To choose you a queen: she shall not be so young
-As was your former; but she shall be such
-As, walk'd your first queen's ghost,
-it should take joy
-To see her in your arms.
-
-LEONTES:
-My true Paulina,
-We shall not marry till thou bid'st us.
-
-PAULINA:
-That
-Shall be when your first queen's again in breath;
-Never till then.
-
-Gentleman:
-One that gives out himself Prince Florizel,
-Son of Polixenes, with his princess, she
-The fairest I have yet beheld, desires access
-To your high presence.
-
-LEONTES:
-What with him? he comes not
-Like to his father's greatness: his approach,
-So out of circumstance and sudden, tells us
-'Tis not a visitation framed, but forced
-By need and accident. What train?
-
-Gentleman:
-But few,
-And those but mean.
-
-LEONTES:
-His princess, say you, with him?
-
-Gentleman:
-Ay, the most peerless piece of earth, I think,
-That e'er the sun shone bright on.
-
-PAULINA:
-O Hermione,
-As every present time doth boast itself
-Above a better gone, so must thy grave
-Give way to what's seen now! Sir, you yourself
-Have said and writ so, but your writing now
-Is colder than that theme, 'She had not been,
-Nor was not to be equall'd;'--thus your verse
-Flow'd with her beauty once: 'tis shrewdly ebb'd,
-To say you have seen a better.
-
-Gentleman:
-Pardon, madam:
-The one I have almost forgot,--your pardon,--
-The other, when she has obtain'd your eye,
-Will have your tongue too. This is a creature,
-Would she begin a sect, might quench the zeal
-Of all professors else, make proselytes
-Of who she but bid follow.
-
-PAULINA:
-How! not women?
-
-Gentleman:
-Women will love her, that she is a woman
-More worth than any man; men, that she is
-The rarest of all women.
-
-LEONTES:
-Go, Cleomenes;
-Yourself, assisted with your honour'd friends,
-Bring them to our embracement. Still, 'tis strange
-He thus should steal upon us.
-
-PAULINA:
-Had our prince,
-Jewel of children, seen this hour, he had pair'd
-Well with this lord: there was not full a month
-Between their births.
-
-LEONTES:
-Prithee, no more; cease; thou know'st
-He dies to me again when talk'd of: sure,
-When I shall see this gentleman, thy speeches
-Will bring me to consider that which may
-Unfurnish me of reason. They are come.
-Your mother was most true to wedlock, prince;
-For she did print your royal father off,
-Conceiving you: were I but twenty-one,
-Your father's image is so hit in you,
-His very air, that I should call you brother,
-As I did him, and speak of something wildly
-By us perform'd before. Most dearly welcome!
-And your fair princess,--goddess!--O, alas!
-I lost a couple, that 'twixt heaven and earth
-Might thus have stood begetting wonder as
-You, gracious couple, do: and then I lost--
-All mine own folly--the society,
-Amity too, of your brave father, whom,
-Though bearing misery, I desire my life
-Once more to look on him.
-
-FLORIZEL:
-By his command
-Have I here touch'd Sicilia and from him
-Give you all greetings that a king, at friend,
-Can send his brother: and, but infirmity
-Which waits upon worn times hath something seized
-His wish'd ability, he had himself
-The lands and waters 'twixt your throne and his
-Measured to look upon you; whom he loves--
-He bade me say so--more than all the sceptres
-And those that bear them living.
-
-LEONTES:
-O my brother,
-Good gentleman! the wrongs I have done thee stir
-Afresh within me, and these thy offices,
-So rarely kind, are as interpreters
-Of my behind-hand slackness. Welcome hither,
-As is the spring to the earth. And hath he too
-Exposed this paragon to the fearful usage,
-At least ungentle, of the dreadful Neptune,
-To greet a man not worth her pains, much less
-The adventure of her person?
-
-FLORIZEL:
-Good my lord,
-She came from Libya.
-
-LEONTES:
-Where the warlike Smalus,
-That noble honour'd lord, is fear'd and loved?
-
-FLORIZEL:
-Most royal sir, from thence; from him, whose daughter
-His tears proclaim'd his, parting with her: thence,
-A prosperous south-wind friendly, we have cross'd,
-To execute the charge my father gave me
-For visiting your highness: my best train
-I have from your Sicilian shores dismiss'd;
-Who for Bohemia bend, to signify
-Not only my success in Libya, sir,
-But my arrival and my wife's in safety
-Here where we are.
-
-LEONTES:
-The blessed gods
-Purge all infection from our air whilst you
-Do climate here! You have a holy father,
-A graceful gentleman; against whose person,
-So sacred as it is, I have done sin:
-For which the heavens, taking angry note,
-Have left me issueless; and your father's blest,
-As he from heaven merits it, with you
-Worthy his goodness. What might I have been,
-Might I a son and daughter now have look'd on,
-Such goodly things as you!
-
-Lord:
-Most noble sir,
-That which I shall report will bear no credit,
-Were not the proof so nigh. Please you, great sir,
-Bohemia greets you from himself by me;
-Desires you to attach his son, who has--
-His dignity and duty both cast off--
-Fled from his father, from his hopes, and with
-A shepherd's daughter.
-
-LEONTES:
-Where's Bohemia? speak.
-
-Lord:
-Here in your city; I now came from him:
-I speak amazedly; and it becomes
-My marvel and my message. To your court
-Whiles he was hastening, in the chase, it seems,
-Of this fair couple, meets he on the way
-The father of this seeming lady and
-Her brother, having both their country quitted
-With this young prince.
-
-FLORIZEL:
-Camillo has betray'd me;
-Whose honour and whose honesty till now
-Endured all weathers.
-
-Lord:
-Lay't so to his charge:
-He's with the king your father.
-
-LEONTES:
-Who? Camillo?
-
-Lord:
-Camillo, sir; I spake with him; who now
-Has these poor men in question. Never saw I
-Wretches so quake: they kneel, they kiss the earth;
-Forswear themselves as often as they speak:
-Bohemia stops his ears, and threatens them
-With divers deaths in death.
-
-PERDITA:
-O my poor father!
-The heaven sets spies upon us, will not have
-Our contract celebrated.
-
-LEONTES:
-You are married?
-
-FLORIZEL:
-We are not, sir, nor are we like to be;
-The stars, I see, will kiss the valleys first:
-The odds for high and low's alike.
-
-LEONTES:
-My lord,
-Is this the daughter of a king?
-
-FLORIZEL:
-She is,
-When once she is my wife.
-
-LEONTES:
-That 'once' I see by your good father's speed
-Will come on very slowly. I am sorry,
-Most sorry, you have broken from his liking
-Where you were tied in duty, and as sorry
-Your choice is not so rich in worth as beauty,
-That you might well enjoy her.
-
-FLORIZEL:
-Dear, look up:
-Though Fortune, visible an enemy,
-Should chase us with my father, power no jot
-Hath she to change our loves. Beseech you, sir,
-Remember since you owed no more to time
-Than I do now: with thought of such affections,
-Step forth mine advocate; at your request
-My father will grant precious things as trifles.
-
-LEONTES:
-Would he do so, I'ld beg your precious mistress,
-Which he counts but a trifle.
-
-PAULINA:
-Sir, my liege,
-Your eye hath too much youth in't: not a month
-'Fore your queen died, she was more worth such gazes
-Than what you look on now.
-
-LEONTES:
-I thought of her,
-Even in these looks I made.
-But your petition
-Is yet unanswer'd. I will to your father:
-Your honour not o'erthrown by your desires,
-I am friend to them and you: upon which errand
-I now go toward him; therefore follow me
-And mark what way I make: come, good my lord.
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-Beseech you, sir, were you present at this relation?
-
-First Gentleman:
-I was by at the opening of the fardel, heard the old
-shepherd deliver the manner how he found it:
-whereupon, after a little amazedness, we were all
-commanded out of the chamber; only this methought I
-heard the shepherd say, he found the child.
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-I would most gladly know the issue of it.
-
-First Gentleman:
-I make a broken delivery of the business; but the
-changes I perceived in the king and Camillo were
-very notes of admiration: they seemed almost, with
-staring on one another, to tear the cases of their
-eyes; there was speech in their dumbness, language
-in their very gesture; they looked as they had heard
-of a world ransomed, or one destroyed: a notable
-passion of wonder appeared in them; but the wisest
-beholder, that knew no more but seeing, could not
-say if the importance were joy or sorrow; but in the
-extremity of the one, it must needs be.
-Here comes a gentleman that haply knows more.
-The news, Rogero?
-
-Second Gentleman:
-Nothing but bonfires: the oracle is fulfilled; the
-king's daughter is found: such a deal of wonder is
-broken out within this hour that ballad-makers
-cannot be able to express it.
-Here comes the Lady Paulina's steward: he can
-deliver you more. How goes it now, sir? this news
-which is called true is so like an old tale, that
-the verity of it is in strong suspicion: has the king
-found his heir?
-
-Third Gentleman:
-Most true, if ever truth were pregnant by
-circumstance: that which you hear you'll swear you
-see, there is such unity in the proofs. The mantle
-of Queen Hermione's, her jewel about the neck of it,
-the letters of Antigonus found with it which they
-know to be his character, the majesty of the
-creature in resemblance of the mother, the affection
-of nobleness which nature shows above her breeding,
-and many other evidences proclaim her with all
-certainty to be the king's daughter. Did you see
-the meeting of the two kings?
-
-Second Gentleman:
-No.
-
-Third Gentleman:
-Then have you lost a sight, which was to be seen,
-cannot be spoken of. There might you have beheld one
-joy crown another, so and in such manner that it
-seemed sorrow wept to take leave of them, for their
-joy waded in tears. There was casting up of eyes,
-holding up of hands, with countenances of such
-distraction that they were to be known by garment,
-not by favour. Our king, being ready to leap out of
-himself for joy of his found daughter, as if that
-joy were now become a loss, cries 'O, thy mother,
-thy mother!' then asks Bohemia forgiveness; then
-embraces his son-in-law; then again worries he his
-daughter with clipping her; now he thanks the old
-shepherd, which stands by like a weather-bitten
-conduit of many kings' reigns. I never heard of such
-another encounter, which lames report to follow it
-and undoes description to do it.
-
-Second Gentleman:
-What, pray you, became of Antigonus, that carried
-hence the child?
-
-Third Gentleman:
-Like an old tale still, which will have matter to
-rehearse, though credit be asleep and not an ear
-open. He was torn to pieces with a bear: this
-avouches the shepherd's son; who has not only his
-innocence, which seems much, to justify him, but a
-handkerchief and rings of his that Paulina knows.
-
-First Gentleman:
-What became of his bark and his followers?
-
-Third Gentleman:
-Wrecked the same instant of their master's death and
-in the view of the shepherd: so that all the
-instruments which aided to expose the child were
-even then lost when it was found. But O, the noble
-combat that 'twixt joy and sorrow was fought in
-Paulina! She had one eye declined for the loss of
-her husband, another elevated that the oracle was
-fulfilled: she lifted the princess from the earth,
-and so locks her in embracing, as if she would pin
-her to her heart that she might no more be in danger
-of losing.
-
-First Gentleman:
-The dignity of this act was worth the audience of
-kings and princes; for by such was it acted.
-
-Third Gentleman:
-One of the prettiest touches of all and that which
-angled for mine eyes, caught the water though not
-the fish, was when, at the relation of the queen's
-death, with the manner how she came to't bravely
-confessed and lamented by the king, how
-attentiveness wounded his daughter; till, from one
-sign of dolour to another, she did, with an 'Alas,'
-I would fain say, bleed tears, for I am sure my
-heart wept blood. Who was most marble there changed
-colour; some swooned, all sorrowed: if all the world
-could have seen 't, the woe had been universal.
-
-First Gentleman:
-Are they returned to the court?
-
-Third Gentleman:
-No: the princess hearing of her mother's statue,
-which is in the keeping of Paulina,--a piece many
-years in doing and now newly performed by that rare
-Italian master, Julio Romano, who, had he himself
-eternity and could put breath into his work, would
-beguile Nature of her custom, so perfectly he is her
-ape: he so near to Hermione hath done Hermione that
-they say one would speak to her and stand in hope of
-answer: thither with all greediness of affection
-are they gone, and there they intend to sup.
-
-Second Gentleman:
-I thought she had some great matter there in hand;
-for she hath privately twice or thrice a day, ever
-since the death of Hermione, visited that removed
-house. Shall we thither and with our company piece
-the rejoicing?
-
-First Gentleman:
-Who would be thence that has the benefit of access?
-every wink of an eye some new grace will be born:
-our absence makes us unthrifty to our knowledge.
-Let's along.
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-Now, had I not the dash of my former life in me,
-would preferment drop on my head. I brought the old
-man and his son aboard the prince: told him I heard
-them talk of a fardel and I know not what: but he
-at that time, overfond of the shepherd's daughter,
-so he then took her to be, who began to be much
-sea-sick, and himself little better, extremity of
-weather continuing, this mystery remained
-undiscovered. But 'tis all one to me; for had I
-been the finder out of this secret, it would not
-have relished among my other discredits.
-Here come those I have done good to against my will,
-and already appearing in the blossoms of their fortune.
-
-Shepherd:
-Come, boy; I am past moe children, but thy sons and
-daughters will be all gentlemen born.
-
-Clown:
-You are well met, sir. You denied to fight with me
-this other day, because I was no gentleman born.
-See you these clothes? say you see them not and
-think me still no gentleman born: you were best say
-these robes are not gentlemen born: give me the
-lie, do, and try whether I am not now a gentleman born.
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-I know you are now, sir, a gentleman born.
-
-Clown:
-Ay, and have been so any time these four hours.
-
-Shepherd:
-And so have I, boy.
-
-Clown:
-So you have: but I was a gentleman born before my
-father; for the king's son took me by the hand, and
-called me brother; and then the two kings called my
-father brother; and then the prince my brother and
-the princess my sister called my father father; and
-so we wept, and there was the first gentleman-like
-tears that ever we shed.
-
-Shepherd:
-We may live, son, to shed many more.
-
-Clown:
-Ay; or else 'twere hard luck, being in so
-preposterous estate as we are.
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-I humbly beseech you, sir, to pardon me all the
-faults I have committed to your worship and to give
-me your good report to the prince my master.
-
-Shepherd:
-Prithee, son, do; for we must be gentle, now we are
-gentlemen.
-
-Clown:
-Thou wilt amend thy life?
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-Ay, an it like your good worship.
-
-Clown:
-Give me thy hand: I will swear to the prince thou
-art as honest a true fellow as any is in Bohemia.
-
-Shepherd:
-You may say it, but not swear it.
-
-Clown:
-Not swear it, now I am a gentleman? Let boors and
-franklins say it, I'll swear it.
-
-Shepherd:
-How if it be false, son?
-
-Clown:
-If it be ne'er so false, a true gentleman may swear
-it in the behalf of his friend: and I'll swear to
-the prince thou art a tall fellow of thy hands and
-that thou wilt not be drunk; but I know thou art no
-tall fellow of thy hands and that thou wilt be
-drunk: but I'll swear it, and I would thou wouldst
-be a tall fellow of thy hands.
-
-AUTOLYCUS:
-I will prove so, sir, to my power.
-
-Clown:
-Ay, by any means prove a tall fellow: if I do not
-wonder how thou darest venture to be drunk, not
-being a tall fellow, trust me not. Hark! the kings
-and the princes, our kindred, are going to see the
-queen's picture. Come, follow us: we'll be thy
-good masters.
-
-LEONTES:
-O grave and good Paulina, the great comfort
-That I have had of thee!
-
-PAULINA:
-What, sovereign sir,
-I did not well I meant well. All my services
-You have paid home: but that you have vouchsafed,
-With your crown'd brother and these your contracted
-Heirs of your kingdoms, my poor house to visit,
-It is a surplus of your grace, which never
-My life may last to answer.
-
-LEONTES:
-O Paulina,
-We honour you with trouble: but we came
-To see the statue of our queen: your gallery
-Have we pass'd through, not without much content
-In many singularities; but we saw not
-That which my daughter came to look upon,
-The statue of her mother.
-
-PAULINA:
-As she lived peerless,
-So her dead likeness, I do well believe,
-Excels whatever yet you look'd upon
-Or hand of man hath done; therefore I keep it
-Lonely, apart. But here it is: prepare
-To see the life as lively mock'd as ever
-Still sleep mock'd death: behold, and say 'tis well.
-I like your silence, it the more shows off
-Your wonder: but yet speak; first, you, my liege,
-Comes it not something near?
-
-LEONTES:
-Her natural posture!
-Chide me, dear stone, that I may say indeed
-Thou art Hermione; or rather, thou art she
-In thy not chiding, for she was as tender
-As infancy and grace. But yet, Paulina,
-Hermione was not so much wrinkled, nothing
-So aged as this seems.
-
-POLIXENES:
-O, not by much.
-
-PAULINA:
-So much the more our carver's excellence;
-Which lets go by some sixteen years and makes her
-As she lived now.
-
-LEONTES:
-As now she might have done,
-So much to my good comfort, as it is
-Now piercing to my soul. O, thus she stood,
-Even with such life of majesty, warm life,
-As now it coldly stands, when first I woo'd her!
-I am ashamed: does not the stone rebuke me
-For being more stone than it? O royal piece,
-There's magic in thy majesty, which has
-My evils conjured to remembrance and
-From thy admiring daughter took the spirits,
-Standing like stone with thee.
-
-PERDITA:
-And give me leave,
-And do not say 'tis superstition, that
-I kneel and then implore her blessing. Lady,
-Dear queen, that ended when I but began,
-Give me that hand of yours to kiss.
-
-PAULINA:
-O, patience!
-The statue is but newly fix'd, the colour's Not dry.
-
-CAMILLO:
-My lord, your sorrow was too sore laid on,
-Which sixteen winters cannot blow away,
-So many summers dry; scarce any joy
-Did ever so long live; no sorrow
-But kill'd itself much sooner.
-
-POLIXENES:
-Dear my brother,
-Let him that was the cause of this have power
-To take off so much grief from you as he
-Will piece up in himself.
-
-PAULINA:
-Indeed, my lord,
-If I had thought the sight of my poor image
-Would thus have wrought you,--for the stone is mine--
-I'ld not have show'd it.
-
-LEONTES:
-Do not draw the curtain.
-
-PAULINA:
-No longer shall you gaze on't, lest your fancy
-May think anon it moves.
-
-LEONTES:
-Let be, let be.
-Would I were dead, but that, methinks, already--
-What was he that did make it? See, my lord,
-Would you not deem it breathed? and that those veins
-Did verily bear blood?
-
-POLIXENES:
-Masterly done:
-The very life seems warm upon her lip.
-
-LEONTES:
-The fixture of her eye has motion in't,
-As we are mock'd with art.
-
-PAULINA:
-I'll draw the curtain:
-My lord's almost so far transported that
-He'll think anon it lives.
-
-LEONTES:
-O sweet Paulina,
-Make me to think so twenty years together!
-No settled senses of the world can match
-The pleasure of that madness. Let 't alone.
-
-PAULINA:
-I am sorry, sir, I have thus far stirr'd you: but
-I could afflict you farther.
-
-LEONTES:
-Do, Paulina;
-For this affliction has a taste as sweet
-As any cordial comfort. Still, methinks,
-There is an air comes from her: what fine chisel
-Could ever yet cut breath? Let no man mock me,
-For I will kiss her.
-
-PAULINA:
-Good my lord, forbear:
-The ruddiness upon her lip is wet;
-You'll mar it if you kiss it, stain your own
-With oily painting. Shall I draw the curtain?
-
-LEONTES:
-No, not these twenty years.
-
-PERDITA:
-So long could I
-Stand by, a looker on.
-
-PAULINA:
-Either forbear,
-Quit presently the chapel, or resolve you
-For more amazement. If you can behold it,
-I'll make the statue move indeed, descend
-And take you by the hand; but then you'll think--
-Which I protest against--I am assisted
-By wicked powers.
-
-LEONTES:
-What you can make her do,
-I am content to look on: what to speak,
-I am content to hear; for 'tis as easy
-To make her speak as move.
-
-PAULINA:
-It is required
-You do awake your faith. Then all stand still;
-On: those that think it is unlawful business
-I am about, let them depart.
-
-LEONTES:
-Proceed:
-No foot shall stir.
-
-PAULINA:
-Music, awake her; strike!
-'Tis time; descend; be stone no more; approach;
-Strike all that look upon with marvel. Come,
-I'll fill your grave up: stir, nay, come away,
-Bequeath to death your numbness, for from him
-Dear life redeems you. You perceive she stirs:
-Start not; her actions shall be holy as
-You hear my spell is lawful: do not shun her
-Until you see her die again; for then
-You kill her double. Nay, present your hand:
-When she was young you woo'd her; now in age
-Is she become the suitor?
-
-LEONTES:
-O, she's warm!
-If this be magic, let it be an art
-Lawful as eating.
-
-POLIXENES:
-She embraces him.
-
-CAMILLO:
-She hangs about his neck:
-If she pertain to life let her speak too.
-
-POLIXENES:
-Ay, and make't manifest where she has lived,
-Or how stolen from the dead.
-
-PAULINA:
-That she is living,
-Were it but told you, should be hooted at
-Like an old tale: but it appears she lives,
-Though yet she speak not. Mark a little while.
-Please you to interpose, fair madam: kneel
-And pray your mother's blessing. Turn, good lady;
-Our Perdita is found.
-
-HERMIONE:
-You gods, look down
-And from your sacred vials pour your graces
-Upon my daughter's head! Tell me, mine own.
-Where hast thou been preserved? where lived? how found
-Thy father's court? for thou shalt hear that I,
-Knowing by Paulina that the oracle
-Gave hope thou wast in being, have preserved
-Myself to see the issue.
-
-PAULINA:
-There's time enough for that;
-Lest they desire upon this push to trouble
-Your joys with like relation. Go together,
-You precious winners all; your exultation
-Partake to every one. I, an old turtle,
-Will wing me to some wither'd bough and there
-My mate, that's never to be found again,
-Lament till I am lost.
-
-LEONTES:
-O, peace, Paulina!
-Thou shouldst a husband take by my consent,
-As I by thine a wife: this is a match,
-And made between's by vows. Thou hast found mine;
-But how, is to be question'd; for I saw her,
-As I thought, dead, and have in vain said many
-A prayer upon her grave. I'll not seek far--
-For him, I partly know his mind--to find thee
-An honourable husband. Come, Camillo,
-And take her by the hand, whose worth and honesty
-Is richly noted and here justified
-By us, a pair of kings. Let's from this place.
-What! look upon my brother: both your pardons,
-That e'er I put between your holy looks
-My ill suspicion. This is your son-in-law,
-And son unto the king, who, heavens directing,
-Is troth-plight to your daughter. Good Paulina,
-Lead us from hence, where we may leisurely
-Each one demand an answer to his part
-Perform'd in this wide gap of time since first
-We were dissever'd: hastily lead away.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Escalus.
-
-ESCALUS:
-My lord.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Of government the properties to unfold,
-Would seem in me to affect speech and discourse;
-Since I am put to know that your own science
-Exceeds, in that, the lists of all advice
-My strength can give you: then no more remains,
-But that to your sufficiency, as your Worth is able,
-And let them work. The nature of our people,
-Our city's institutions, and the terms
-For common justice, you're as pregnant in
-As art and practise hath enriched any
-That we remember. There is our commission,
-From which we would not have you warp. Call hither,
-I say, bid come before us Angelo.
-What figure of us think you he will bear?
-For you must know, we have with special soul
-Elected him our absence to supply,
-Lent him our terror, dress'd him with our love,
-And given his deputation all the organs
-Of our own power: what think you of it?
-
-ESCALUS:
-If any in Vienna be of worth
-To undergo such ample grace and honour,
-It is Lord Angelo.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Look where he comes.
-
-ANGELO:
-Always obedient to your grace's will,
-I come to know your pleasure.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Angelo,
-There is a kind of character in thy life,
-That to the observer doth thy history
-Fully unfold. Thyself and thy belongings
-Are not thine own so proper as to waste
-Thyself upon thy virtues, they on thee.
-Heaven doth with us as we with torches do,
-Not light them for themselves; for if our virtues
-Did not go forth of us, 'twere all alike
-As if we had them not. Spirits are not finely touch'd
-But to fine issues, nor Nature never lends
-The smallest scruple of her excellence
-But, like a thrifty goddess, she determines
-Herself the glory of a creditor,
-Both thanks and use. But I do bend my speech
-To one that can my part in him advertise;
-Hold therefore, Angelo:--
-In our remove be thou at full ourself;
-Mortality and mercy in Vienna
-Live in thy tongue and heart: old Escalus,
-Though first in question, is thy secondary.
-Take thy commission.
-
-ANGELO:
-Now, good my lord,
-Let there be some more test made of my metal,
-Before so noble and so great a figure
-Be stamp'd upon it.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-No more evasion:
-We have with a leaven'd and prepared choice
-Proceeded to you; therefore take your honours.
-Our haste from hence is of so quick condition
-That it prefers itself and leaves unquestion'd
-Matters of needful value. We shall write to you,
-As time and our concernings shall importune,
-How it goes with us, and do look to know
-What doth befall you here. So, fare you well;
-To the hopeful execution do I leave you
-Of your commissions.
-
-ANGELO:
-Yet give leave, my lord,
-That we may bring you something on the way.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-My haste may not admit it;
-Nor need you, on mine honour, have to do
-With any scruple; your scope is as mine own
-So to enforce or qualify the laws
-As to your soul seems good. Give me your hand:
-I'll privily away. I love the people,
-But do not like to stage me to their eyes:
-Through it do well, I do not relish well
-Their loud applause and Aves vehement;
-Nor do I think the man of safe discretion
-That does affect it. Once more, fare you well.
-
-ANGELO:
-The heavens give safety to your purposes!
-
-ESCALUS:
-Lead forth and bring you back in happiness!
-
-DUKE:
-I thank you. Fare you well.
-
-ESCALUS:
-I shall desire you, sir, to give me leave
-To have free speech with you; and it concerns me
-To look into the bottom of my place:
-A power I have, but of what strength and nature
-I am not yet instructed.
-
-ANGELO:
-'Tis so with me. Let us withdraw together,
-And we may soon our satisfaction have
-Touching that point.
-
-ESCALUS:
-I'll wait upon your honour.
-
-LUCIO:
-If the duke with the other dukes come not to
-composition with the King of Hungary, why then all
-the dukes fall upon the king.
-
-First Gentleman:
-Heaven grant us its peace, but not the King of
-Hungary's!
-
-Second Gentleman:
-Amen.
-
-LUCIO:
-Thou concludest like the sanctimonious pirate, that
-went to sea with the Ten Commandments, but scraped
-one out of the table.
-
-Second Gentleman:
-'Thou shalt not steal'?
-
-LUCIO:
-Ay, that he razed.
-
-First Gentleman:
-Why, 'twas a commandment to command the captain and
-all the rest from their functions: they put forth
-to steal. There's not a soldier of us all, that, in
-the thanksgiving before meat, do relish the petition
-well that prays for peace.
-
-Second Gentleman:
-I never heard any soldier dislike it.
-
-LUCIO:
-I believe thee; for I think thou never wast where
-grace was said.
-
-Second Gentleman:
-No? a dozen times at least.
-
-First Gentleman:
-What, in metre?
-
-LUCIO:
-In any proportion or in any language.
-
-First Gentleman:
-I think, or in any religion.
-
-LUCIO:
-Ay, why not? Grace is grace, despite of all
-controversy: as, for example, thou thyself art a
-wicked villain, despite of all grace.
-
-First Gentleman:
-Well, there went but a pair of shears between us.
-
-LUCIO:
-I grant; as there may between the lists and the
-velvet. Thou art the list.
-
-First Gentleman:
-And thou the velvet: thou art good velvet; thou'rt
-a three-piled piece, I warrant thee: I had as lief
-be a list of an English kersey as be piled, as thou
-art piled, for a French velvet. Do I speak
-feelingly now?
-
-LUCIO:
-I think thou dost; and, indeed, with most painful
-feeling of thy speech: I will, out of thine own
-confession, learn to begin thy health; but, whilst I
-live, forget to drink after thee.
-
-First Gentleman:
-I think I have done myself wrong, have I not?
-
-Second Gentleman:
-Yes, that thou hast, whether thou art tainted or free.
-
-LUCIO:
-Behold, behold. where Madam Mitigation comes! I
-have purchased as many diseases under her roof as come to--
-
-Second Gentleman:
-To what, I pray?
-
-LUCIO:
-Judge.
-
-Second Gentleman:
-To three thousand dolours a year.
-
-First Gentleman:
-Ay, and more.
-
-LUCIO:
-A French crown more.
-
-First Gentleman:
-Thou art always figuring diseases in me; but thou
-art full of error; I am sound.
-
-LUCIO:
-Nay, not as one would say, healthy; but so sound as
-things that are hollow: thy bones are hollow;
-impiety has made a feast of thee.
-
-First Gentleman:
-How now! which of your hips has the most profound sciatica?
-
-MISTRESS OVERDONE:
-Well, well; there's one yonder arrested and carried
-to prison was worth five thousand of you all.
-
-Second Gentleman:
-Who's that, I pray thee?
-
-MISTRESS OVERDONE:
-Marry, sir, that's Claudio, Signior Claudio.
-
-First Gentleman:
-Claudio to prison? 'tis not so.
-
-MISTRESS OVERDONE:
-Nay, but I know 'tis so: I saw him arrested, saw
-him carried away; and, which is more, within these
-three days his head to be chopped off.
-
-LUCIO:
-But, after all this fooling, I would not have it so.
-Art thou sure of this?
-
-MISTRESS OVERDONE:
-I am too sure of it: and it is for getting Madam
-Julietta with child.
-
-LUCIO:
-Believe me, this may be: he promised to meet me two
-hours since, and he was ever precise in
-promise-keeping.
-
-Second Gentleman:
-Besides, you know, it draws something near to the
-speech we had to such a purpose.
-
-First Gentleman:
-But, most of all, agreeing with the proclamation.
-
-LUCIO:
-Away! let's go learn the truth of it.
-
-MISTRESS OVERDONE:
-Thus, what with the war, what with the sweat, what
-with the gallows and what with poverty, I am
-custom-shrunk.
-How now! what's the news with you?
-
-POMPEY:
-Yonder man is carried to prison.
-
-MISTRESS OVERDONE:
-Well; what has he done?
-
-POMPEY:
-A woman.
-
-MISTRESS OVERDONE:
-But what's his offence?
-
-POMPEY:
-Groping for trouts in a peculiar river.
-
-MISTRESS OVERDONE:
-What, is there a maid with child by him?
-
-POMPEY:
-No, but there's a woman with maid by him. You have
-not heard of the proclamation, have you?
-
-MISTRESS OVERDONE:
-What proclamation, man?
-
-POMPEY:
-All houses in the suburbs of Vienna must be plucked down.
-
-MISTRESS OVERDONE:
-And what shall become of those in the city?
-
-POMPEY:
-They shall stand for seed: they had gone down too,
-but that a wise burgher put in for them.
-
-MISTRESS OVERDONE:
-But shall all our houses of resort in the suburbs be
-pulled down?
-
-POMPEY:
-To the ground, mistress.
-
-MISTRESS OVERDONE:
-Why, here's a change indeed in the commonwealth!
-What shall become of me?
-
-POMPEY:
-Come; fear you not: good counsellors lack no
-clients: though you change your place, you need not
-change your trade; I'll be your tapster still.
-Courage! there will be pity taken on you: you that
-have worn your eyes almost out in the service, you
-will be considered.
-
-MISTRESS OVERDONE:
-What's to do here, Thomas tapster? let's withdraw.
-
-POMPEY:
-Here comes Signior Claudio, led by the provost to
-prison; and there's Madam Juliet.
-
-CLAUDIO:
-Fellow, why dost thou show me thus to the world?
-Bear me to prison, where I am committed.
-
-Provost:
-I do it not in evil disposition,
-But from Lord Angelo by special charge.
-
-CLAUDIO:
-Thus can the demigod Authority
-Make us pay down for our offence by weight
-The words of heaven; on whom it will, it will;
-On whom it will not, so; yet still 'tis just.
-
-LUCIO:
-Why, how now, Claudio! whence comes this restraint?
-
-CLAUDIO:
-From too much liberty, my Lucio, liberty:
-As surfeit is the father of much fast,
-So every scope by the immoderate use
-Turns to restraint. Our natures do pursue,
-Like rats that ravin down their proper bane,
-A thirsty evil; and when we drink we die.
-
-LUCIO:
-If could speak so wisely under an arrest, I would
-send for certain of my creditors: and yet, to say
-the truth, I had as lief have the foppery of freedom
-as the morality of imprisonment. What's thy
-offence, Claudio?
-
-CLAUDIO:
-What but to speak of would offend again.
-
-LUCIO:
-What, is't murder?
-
-CLAUDIO:
-No.
-
-LUCIO:
-Lechery?
-
-CLAUDIO:
-Call it so.
-
-Provost:
-Away, sir! you must go.
-
-CLAUDIO:
-One word, good friend. Lucio, a word with you.
-
-LUCIO:
-A hundred, if they'll do you any good.
-Is lechery so look'd after?
-
-CLAUDIO:
-Thus stands it with me: upon a true contract
-I got possession of Julietta's bed:
-You know the lady; she is fast my wife,
-Save that we do the denunciation lack
-Of outward order: this we came not to,
-Only for propagation of a dower
-Remaining in the coffer of her friends,
-From whom we thought it meet to hide our love
-Till time had made them for us. But it chances
-The stealth of our most mutual entertainment
-With character too gross is writ on Juliet.
-
-LUCIO:
-With child, perhaps?
-
-CLAUDIO:
-Unhappily, even so.
-And the new deputy now for the duke--
-Whether it be the fault and glimpse of newness,
-Or whether that the body public be
-A horse whereon the governor doth ride,
-Who, newly in the seat, that it may know
-He can command, lets it straight feel the spur;
-Whether the tyranny be in his place,
-Or in his emmence that fills it up,
-I stagger in:--but this new governor
-Awakes me all the enrolled penalties
-Which have, like unscour'd armour, hung by the wall
-So long that nineteen zodiacs have gone round
-And none of them been worn; and, for a name,
-Now puts the drowsy and neglected act
-Freshly on me: 'tis surely for a name.
-
-LUCIO:
-I warrant it is: and thy head stands so tickle on
-thy shoulders that a milkmaid, if she be in love,
-may sigh it off. Send after the duke and appeal to
-him.
-
-CLAUDIO:
-I have done so, but he's not to be found.
-I prithee, Lucio, do me this kind service:
-This day my sister should the cloister enter
-And there receive her approbation:
-Acquaint her with the danger of my state:
-Implore her, in my voice, that she make friends
-To the strict deputy; bid herself assay him:
-I have great hope in that; for in her youth
-There is a prone and speechless dialect,
-Such as move men; beside, she hath prosperous art
-When she will play with reason and discourse,
-And well she can persuade.
-
-LUCIO:
-I pray she may; as well for the encouragement of the
-like, which else would stand under grievous
-imposition, as for the enjoying of thy life, who I
-would be sorry should be thus foolishly lost at a
-game of tick-tack. I'll to her.
-
-CLAUDIO:
-I thank you, good friend Lucio.
-
-LUCIO:
-Within two hours.
-
-CLAUDIO:
-Come, officer, away!
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-No, holy father; throw away that thought;
-Believe not that the dribbling dart of love
-Can pierce a complete bosom. Why I desire thee
-To give me secret harbour, hath a purpose
-More grave and wrinkled than the aims and ends
-Of burning youth.
-
-FRIAR THOMAS:
-May your grace speak of it?
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-My holy sir, none better knows than you
-How I have ever loved the life removed
-And held in idle price to haunt assemblies
-Where youth, and cost, and witless bravery keeps.
-I have deliver'd to Lord Angelo,
-A man of stricture and firm abstinence,
-My absolute power and place here in Vienna,
-And he supposes me travell'd to Poland;
-For so I have strew'd it in the common ear,
-And so it is received. Now, pious sir,
-You will demand of me why I do this?
-
-FRIAR THOMAS:
-Gladly, my lord.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-We have strict statutes and most biting laws.
-The needful bits and curbs to headstrong weeds,
-Which for this nineteen years we have let slip;
-Even like an o'ergrown lion in a cave,
-That goes not out to prey. Now, as fond fathers,
-Having bound up the threatening twigs of birch,
-Only to stick it in their children's sight
-For terror, not to use, in time the rod
-Becomes more mock'd than fear'd; so our decrees,
-Dead to infliction, to themselves are dead;
-And liberty plucks justice by the nose;
-The baby beats the nurse, and quite athwart
-Goes all decorum.
-
-FRIAR THOMAS:
-It rested in your grace
-To unloose this tied-up justice when you pleased:
-And it in you more dreadful would have seem'd
-Than in Lord Angelo.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-I do fear, too dreadful:
-Sith 'twas my fault to give the people scope,
-'Twould be my tyranny to strike and gall them
-For what I bid them do: for we bid this be done,
-When evil deeds have their permissive pass
-And not the punishment. Therefore indeed, my father,
-I have on Angelo imposed the office;
-Who may, in the ambush of my name, strike home,
-And yet my nature never in the fight
-To do in slander. And to behold his sway,
-I will, as 'twere a brother of your order,
-Visit both prince and people: therefore, I prithee,
-Supply me with the habit and instruct me
-How I may formally in person bear me
-Like a true friar. More reasons for this action
-At our more leisure shall I render you;
-Only, this one: Lord Angelo is precise;
-Stands at a guard with envy; scarce confesses
-That his blood flows, or that his appetite
-Is more to bread than stone: hence shall we see,
-If power change purpose, what our seemers be.
-
-ISABELLA:
-And have you nuns no farther privileges?
-
-FRANCISCA:
-Are not these large enough?
-
-ISABELLA:
-Yes, truly; I speak not as desiring more;
-But rather wishing a more strict restraint
-Upon the sisterhood, the votarists of Saint Clare.
-
-ISABELLA:
-Who's that which calls?
-
-FRANCISCA:
-It is a man's voice. Gentle Isabella,
-Turn you the key, and know his business of him;
-You may, I may not; you are yet unsworn.
-When you have vow'd, you must not speak with men
-But in the presence of the prioress:
-Then, if you speak, you must not show your face,
-Or, if you show your face, you must not speak.
-He calls again; I pray you, answer him.
-
-ISABELLA:
-Peace and prosperity! Who is't that calls
-
-LUCIO:
-Hail, virgin, if you be, as those cheek-roses
-Proclaim you are no less! Can you so stead me
-As bring me to the sight of Isabella,
-A novice of this place and the fair sister
-To her unhappy brother Claudio?
-
-ISABELLA:
-Why 'her unhappy brother'? let me ask,
-The rather for I now must make you know
-I am that Isabella and his sister.
-
-LUCIO:
-Gentle and fair, your brother kindly greets you:
-Not to be weary with you, he's in prison.
-
-ISABELLA:
-Woe me! for what?
-
-LUCIO:
-For that which, if myself might be his judge,
-He should receive his punishment in thanks:
-He hath got his friend with child.
-
-ISABELLA:
-Sir, make me not your story.
-
-LUCIO:
-It is true.
-I would not--though 'tis my familiar sin
-With maids to seem the lapwing and to jest,
-Tongue far from heart--play with all virgins so:
-I hold you as a thing ensky'd and sainted.
-By your renouncement an immortal spirit,
-And to be talk'd with in sincerity,
-As with a saint.
-
-ISABELLA:
-You do blaspheme the good in mocking me.
-
-LUCIO:
-Do not believe it. Fewness and truth, 'tis thus:
-Your brother and his lover have embraced:
-As those that feed grow full, as blossoming time
-That from the seedness the bare fallow brings
-To teeming foison, even so her plenteous womb
-Expresseth his full tilth and husbandry.
-
-ISABELLA:
-Some one with child by him? My cousin Juliet?
-
-LUCIO:
-Is she your cousin?
-
-ISABELLA:
-Adoptedly; as school-maids change their names
-By vain though apt affection.
-
-LUCIO:
-She it is.
-
-ISABELLA:
-O, let him marry her.
-
-LUCIO:
-This is the point.
-The duke is very strangely gone from hence;
-Bore many gentlemen, myself being one,
-In hand and hope of action: but we do learn
-By those that know the very nerves of state,
-His givings-out were of an infinite distance
-From his true-meant design. Upon his place,
-And with full line of his authority,
-Governs Lord Angelo; a man whose blood
-Is very snow-broth; one who never feels
-The wanton stings and motions of the sense,
-But doth rebate and blunt his natural edge
-With profits of the mind, study and fast.
-He--to give fear to use and liberty,
-Which have for long run by the hideous law,
-As mice by lions--hath pick'd out an act,
-Under whose heavy sense your brother's life
-Falls into forfeit: he arrests him on it;
-And follows close the rigour of the statute,
-To make him an example. All hope is gone,
-Unless you have the grace by your fair prayer
-To soften Angelo: and that's my pith of business
-'Twixt you and your poor brother.
-
-ISABELLA:
-Doth he so seek his life?
-
-LUCIO:
-Has censured him
-Already; and, as I hear, the provost hath
-A warrant for his execution.
-
-ISABELLA:
-Alas! what poor ability's in me
-To do him good?
-
-LUCIO:
-Assay the power you have.
-
-ISABELLA:
-My power? Alas, I doubt--
-
-LUCIO:
-Our doubts are traitors
-And make us lose the good we oft might win
-By fearing to attempt. Go to Lord Angelo,
-And let him learn to know, when maidens sue,
-Men give like gods; but when they weep and kneel,
-All their petitions are as freely theirs
-As they themselves would owe them.
-
-ISABELLA:
-I'll see what I can do.
-
-LUCIO:
-But speedily.
-
-ISABELLA:
-I will about it straight;
-No longer staying but to give the mother
-Notice of my affair. I humbly thank you:
-Commend me to my brother: soon at night
-I'll send him certain word of my success.
-
-LUCIO:
-I take my leave of you.
-
-ISABELLA:
-Good sir, adieu.
-
-ANGELO:
-We must not make a scarecrow of the law,
-Setting it up to fear the birds of prey,
-And let it keep one shape, till custom make it
-Their perch and not their terror.
-
-ESCALUS:
-Ay, but yet
-Let us be keen, and rather cut a little,
-Than fall, and bruise to death. Alas, this gentleman
-Whom I would save, had a most noble father!
-Let but your honour know,
-Whom I believe to be most strait in virtue,
-That, in the working of your own affections,
-Had time cohered with place or place with wishing,
-Or that the resolute acting of your blood
-Could have attain'd the effect of your own purpose,
-Whether you had not sometime in your life
-Err'd in this point which now you censure him,
-And pull'd the law upon you.
-
-ANGELO:
-'Tis one thing to be tempted, Escalus,
-Another thing to fall. I not deny,
-The jury, passing on the prisoner's life,
-May in the sworn twelve have a thief or two
-Guiltier than him they try. What's open made to justice,
-That justice seizes: what know the laws
-That thieves do pass on thieves? 'Tis very pregnant,
-The jewel that we find, we stoop and take't
-Because we see it; but what we do not see
-We tread upon, and never think of it.
-You may not so extenuate his offence
-For I have had such faults; but rather tell me,
-When I, that censure him, do so offend,
-Let mine own judgment pattern out my death,
-And nothing come in partial. Sir, he must die.
-
-ESCALUS:
-Be it as your wisdom will.
-
-ANGELO:
-Where is the provost?
-
-Provost:
-Here, if it like your honour.
-
-ANGELO:
-See that Claudio
-Be executed by nine to-morrow morning:
-Bring him his confessor, let him be prepared;
-For that's the utmost of his pilgrimage.
-
-ELBOW:
-Come, bring them away: if these be good people in
-a commonweal that do nothing but use their abuses in
-common houses, I know no law: bring them away.
-
-ANGELO:
-How now, sir! What's your name? and what's the matter?
-
-ELBOW:
-If it Please your honour, I am the poor duke's
-constable, and my name is Elbow: I do lean upon
-justice, sir, and do bring in here before your good
-honour two notorious benefactors.
-
-ANGELO:
-Benefactors? Well; what benefactors are they? are
-they not malefactors?
-
-ELBOW:
-If it? please your honour, I know not well what they
-are: but precise villains they are, that I am sure
-of; and void of all profanation in the world that
-good Christians ought to have.
-
-ESCALUS:
-This comes off well; here's a wise officer.
-
-ANGELO:
-Go to: what quality are they of? Elbow is your
-name? why dost thou not speak, Elbow?
-
-POMPEY:
-He cannot, sir; he's out at elbow.
-
-ANGELO:
-What are you, sir?
-
-ELBOW:
-He, sir! a tapster, sir; parcel-bawd; one that
-serves a bad woman; whose house, sir, was, as they
-say, plucked down in the suburbs; and now she
-professes a hot-house, which, I think, is a very ill house too.
-
-ESCALUS:
-How know you that?
-
-ELBOW:
-My wife, sir, whom I detest before heaven and your honour,--
-
-ESCALUS:
-How? thy wife?
-
-ELBOW:
-Ay, sir; whom, I thank heaven, is an honest woman,--
-
-ESCALUS:
-Dost thou detest her therefore?
-
-ELBOW:
-I say, sir, I will detest myself also, as well as
-she, that this house, if it be not a bawd's house,
-it is pity of her life, for it is a naughty house.
-
-ESCALUS:
-How dost thou know that, constable?
-
-ELBOW:
-Marry, sir, by my wife; who, if she had been a woman
-cardinally given, might have been accused in
-fornication, adultery, and all uncleanliness there.
-
-ESCALUS:
-By the woman's means?
-
-ELBOW:
-Ay, sir, by Mistress Overdone's means: but as she
-spit in his face, so she defied him.
-
-POMPEY:
-Sir, if it please your honour, this is not so.
-
-ELBOW:
-Prove it before these varlets here, thou honourable
-man; prove it.
-
-ESCALUS:
-Do you hear how he misplaces?
-
-POMPEY:
-Sir, she came in great with child; and longing,
-saving your honour's reverence, for stewed prunes;
-sir, we had but two in the house, which at that very
-distant time stood, as it were, in a fruit-dish, a
-dish of some three-pence; your honours have seen
-such dishes; they are not China dishes, but very
-good dishes,--
-
-ESCALUS:
-Go to, go to: no matter for the dish, sir.
-
-POMPEY:
-No, indeed, sir, not of a pin; you are therein in
-the right: but to the point. As I say, this
-Mistress Elbow, being, as I say, with child, and
-being great-bellied, and longing, as I said, for
-prunes; and having but two in the dish, as I said,
-Master Froth here, this very man, having eaten the
-rest, as I said, and, as I say, paying for them very
-honestly; for, as you know, Master Froth, I could
-not give you three-pence again.
-
-FROTH:
-No, indeed.
-
-POMPEY:
-Very well: you being then, if you be remembered,
-cracking the stones of the foresaid prunes,--
-
-FROTH:
-Ay, so I did indeed.
-
-POMPEY:
-Why, very well; I telling you then, if you be
-remembered, that such a one and such a one were past
-cure of the thing you wot of, unless they kept very
-good diet, as I told you,--
-
-FROTH:
-All this is true.
-
-POMPEY:
-Why, very well, then,--
-
-ESCALUS:
-Come, you are a tedious fool: to the purpose. What
-was done to Elbow's wife, that he hath cause to
-complain of? Come me to what was done to her.
-
-POMPEY:
-Sir, your honour cannot come to that yet.
-
-ESCALUS:
-No, sir, nor I mean it not.
-
-POMPEY:
-Sir, but you shall come to it, by your honour's
-leave. And, I beseech you, look into Master Froth
-here, sir; a man of four-score pound a year; whose
-father died at Hallowmas: was't not at Hallowmas,
-Master Froth?
-
-FROTH:
-All-hallond eve.
-
-POMPEY:
-Why, very well; I hope here be truths. He, sir,
-sitting, as I say, in a lower chair, sir; 'twas in
-the Bunch of Grapes, where indeed you have a delight
-to sit, have you not?
-
-FROTH:
-I have so; because it is an open room and good for winter.
-
-POMPEY:
-Why, very well, then; I hope here be truths.
-
-ANGELO:
-This will last out a night in Russia,
-When nights are longest there: I'll take my leave.
-And leave you to the hearing of the cause;
-Hoping you'll find good cause to whip them all.
-
-ESCALUS:
-I think no less. Good morrow to your lordship.
-Now, sir, come on: what was done to Elbow's wife, once more?
-
-POMPEY:
-Once, sir? there was nothing done to her once.
-
-ELBOW:
-I beseech you, sir, ask him what this man did to my wife.
-
-POMPEY:
-I beseech your honour, ask me.
-
-ESCALUS:
-Well, sir; what did this gentleman to her?
-
-POMPEY:
-I beseech you, sir, look in this gentleman's face.
-Good Master Froth, look upon his honour; 'tis for a
-good purpose. Doth your honour mark his face?
-
-ESCALUS:
-Ay, sir, very well.
-
-POMPEY:
-Nay; I beseech you, mark it well.
-
-ESCALUS:
-Well, I do so.
-
-POMPEY:
-Doth your honour see any harm in his face?
-
-ESCALUS:
-Why, no.
-
-POMPEY:
-I'll be supposed upon a book, his face is the worst
-thing about him. Good, then; if his face be the
-worst thing about him, how could Master Froth do the
-constable's wife any harm? I would know that of
-your honour.
-
-ESCALUS:
-He's in the right. Constable, what say you to it?
-
-ELBOW:
-First, an it like you, the house is a respected
-house; next, this is a respected fellow; and his
-mistress is a respected woman.
-
-POMPEY:
-By this hand, sir, his wife is a more respected
-person than any of us all.
-
-ELBOW:
-Varlet, thou liest; thou liest, wicked varlet! the
-time has yet to come that she was ever respected
-with man, woman, or child.
-
-POMPEY:
-Sir, she was respected with him before he married with her.
-
-ESCALUS:
-Which is the wiser here? Justice or Iniquity? Is
-this true?
-
-ELBOW:
-O thou caitiff! O thou varlet! O thou wicked
-Hannibal! I respected with her before I was married
-to her! If ever I was respected with her, or she
-with me, let not your worship think me the poor
-duke's officer. Prove this, thou wicked Hannibal, or
-I'll have mine action of battery on thee.
-
-ESCALUS:
-If he took you a box o' the ear, you might have your
-action of slander too.
-
-ELBOW:
-Marry, I thank your good worship for it. What is't
-your worship's pleasure I shall do with this wicked caitiff?
-
-ESCALUS:
-Truly, officer, because he hath some offences in him
-that thou wouldst discover if thou couldst, let him
-continue in his courses till thou knowest what they
-are.
-
-ELBOW:
-Marry, I thank your worship for it. Thou seest, thou
-wicked varlet, now, what's come upon thee: thou art
-to continue now, thou varlet; thou art to continue.
-
-ESCALUS:
-Where were you born, friend?
-
-FROTH:
-Here in Vienna, sir.
-
-ESCALUS:
-Are you of fourscore pounds a year?
-
-FROTH:
-Yes, an't please you, sir.
-
-ESCALUS:
-So. What trade are you of, sir?
-
-POMPHEY:
-Tapster; a poor widow's tapster.
-
-ESCALUS:
-Your mistress' name?
-
-POMPHEY:
-Mistress Overdone.
-
-ESCALUS:
-Hath she had any more than one husband?
-
-POMPEY:
-Nine, sir; Overdone by the last.
-
-ESCALUS:
-Nine! Come hither to me, Master Froth. Master
-Froth, I would not have you acquainted with
-tapsters: they will draw you, Master Froth, and you
-will hang them. Get you gone, and let me hear no
-more of you.
-
-FROTH:
-I thank your worship. For mine own part, I never
-come into any room in a tap-house, but I am drawn
-in.
-
-ESCALUS:
-Well, no more of it, Master Froth: farewell.
-Come you hither to me, Master tapster. What's your
-name, Master tapster?
-
-POMPEY:
-Pompey.
-
-ESCALUS:
-What else?
-
-POMPEY:
-Bum, sir.
-
-ESCALUS:
-Troth, and your bum is the greatest thing about you;
-so that in the beastliest sense you are Pompey the
-Great. Pompey, you are partly a bawd, Pompey,
-howsoever you colour it in being a tapster, are you
-not? come, tell me true: it shall be the better for you.
-
-POMPEY:
-Truly, sir, I am a poor fellow that would live.
-
-ESCALUS:
-How would you live, Pompey? by being a bawd? What
-do you think of the trade, Pompey? is it a lawful trade?
-
-POMPEY:
-If the law would allow it, sir.
-
-ESCALUS:
-But the law will not allow it, Pompey; nor it shall
-not be allowed in Vienna.
-
-POMPEY:
-Does your worship mean to geld and splay all the
-youth of the city?
-
-ESCALUS:
-No, Pompey.
-
-POMPEY:
-Truly, sir, in my poor opinion, they will to't then.
-If your worship will take order for the drabs and
-the knaves, you need not to fear the bawds.
-
-ESCALUS:
-There are pretty orders beginning, I can tell you:
-it is but heading and hanging.
-
-POMPEY:
-If you head and hang all that offend that way but
-for ten year together, you'll be glad to give out a
-commission for more heads: if this law hold in
-Vienna ten year, I'll rent the fairest house in it
-after three-pence a bay: if you live to see this
-come to pass, say Pompey told you so.
-
-ESCALUS:
-Thank you, good Pompey; and, in requital of your
-prophecy, hark you: I advise you, let me not find
-you before me again upon any complaint whatsoever;
-no, not for dwelling where you do: if I do, Pompey,
-I shall beat you to your tent, and prove a shrewd
-Caesar to you; in plain dealing, Pompey, I shall
-have you whipt: so, for this time, Pompey, fare you well.
-
-POMPEY:
-I thank your worship for your good counsel:
-but I shall follow it as the flesh and fortune shall
-better determine.
-Whip me? No, no; let carman whip his jade:
-The valiant heart is not whipt out of his trade.
-
-ESCALUS:
-Come hither to me, Master Elbow; come hither, Master
-constable. How long have you been in this place of constable?
-
-ELBOW:
-Seven year and a half, sir.
-
-ESCALUS:
-I thought, by your readiness in the office, you had
-continued in it some time. You say, seven years together?
-
-ELBOW:
-And a half, sir.
-
-ESCALUS:
-Alas, it hath been great pains to you. They do you
-wrong to put you so oft upon 't: are there not men
-in your ward sufficient to serve it?
-
-ELBOW:
-Faith, sir, few of any wit in such matters: as they
-are chosen, they are glad to choose me for them; I
-do it for some piece of money, and go through with
-all.
-
-ESCALUS:
-Look you bring me in the names of some six or seven,
-the most sufficient of your parish.
-
-ELBOW:
-To your worship's house, sir?
-
-ESCALUS:
-To my house. Fare you well.
-What's o'clock, think you?
-
-Justice:
-Eleven, sir.
-
-ESCALUS:
-I pray you home to dinner with me.
-
-Justice:
-I humbly thank you.
-
-ESCALUS:
-It grieves me for the death of Claudio;
-But there's no remedy.
-
-Justice:
-Lord Angelo is severe.
-
-ESCALUS:
-It is but needful:
-Mercy is not itself, that oft looks so;
-Pardon is still the nurse of second woe:
-But yet,--poor Claudio! There is no remedy.
-Come, sir.
-
-Servant:
-He's hearing of a cause; he will come straight
-I'll tell him of you.
-
-Provost:
-Pray you, do.
-I'll know
-His pleasure; may be he will relent. Alas,
-He hath but as offended in a dream!
-All sects, all ages smack of this vice; and he
-To die for't!
-
-ANGELO:
-Now, what's the matter. Provost?
-
-Provost:
-Is it your will Claudio shall die tomorrow?
-
-ANGELO:
-Did not I tell thee yea? hadst thou not order?
-Why dost thou ask again?
-
-Provost:
-Lest I might be too rash:
-Under your good correction, I have seen,
-When, after execution, judgment hath
-Repented o'er his doom.
-
-ANGELO:
-Go to; let that be mine:
-Do you your office, or give up your place,
-And you shall well be spared.
-
-Provost:
-I crave your honour's pardon.
-What shall be done, sir, with the groaning Juliet?
-She's very near her hour.
-
-ANGELO:
-Dispose of her
-To some more fitter place, and that with speed.
-
-Servant:
-Here is the sister of the man condemn'd
-Desires access to you.
-
-ANGELO:
-Hath he a sister?
-
-Provost:
-Ay, my good lord; a very virtuous maid,
-And to be shortly of a sisterhood,
-If not already.
-
-ANGELO:
-Well, let her be admitted.
-See you the fornicatress be removed:
-Let have needful, but not lavish, means;
-There shall be order for't.
-
-Provost:
-God save your honour!
-
-ANGELO:
-Stay a little while.
-You're welcome: what's your will?
-
-ISABELLA:
-I am a woeful suitor to your honour,
-Please but your honour hear me.
-
-ANGELO:
-Well; what's your suit?
-
-ISABELLA:
-There is a vice that most I do abhor,
-And most desire should meet the blow of justice;
-For which I would not plead, but that I must;
-For which I must not plead, but that I am
-At war 'twixt will and will not.
-
-ANGELO:
-Well; the matter?
-
-ISABELLA:
-I have a brother is condemn'd to die:
-I do beseech you, let it be his fault,
-And not my brother.
-
-ANGELO:
-Condemn the fault and not the actor of it?
-Why, every fault's condemn'd ere it be done:
-Mine were the very cipher of a function,
-To fine the faults whose fine stands in record,
-And let go by the actor.
-
-ISABELLA:
-O just but severe law!
-I had a brother, then. Heaven keep your honour!
-
-ISABELLA:
-Must he needs die?
-
-ANGELO:
-Maiden, no remedy.
-
-ISABELLA:
-Yes; I do think that you might pardon him,
-And neither heaven nor man grieve at the mercy.
-
-ANGELO:
-I will not do't.
-
-ISABELLA:
-But can you, if you would?
-
-ANGELO:
-Look, what I will not, that I cannot do.
-
-ISABELLA:
-But might you do't, and do the world no wrong,
-If so your heart were touch'd with that remorse
-As mine is to him?
-
-ANGELO:
-He's sentenced; 'tis too late.
-
-ISABELLA:
-Too late? why, no; I, that do speak a word.
-May call it back again. Well, believe this,
-No ceremony that to great ones 'longs,
-Not the king's crown, nor the deputed sword,
-The marshal's truncheon, nor the judge's robe,
-Become them with one half so good a grace
-As mercy does.
-If he had been as you and you as he,
-You would have slipt like him; but he, like you,
-Would not have been so stern.
-
-ANGELO:
-Pray you, be gone.
-
-ISABELLA:
-I would to heaven I had your potency,
-And you were Isabel! should it then be thus?
-No; I would tell what 'twere to be a judge,
-And what a prisoner.
-
-ANGELO:
-Your brother is a forfeit of the law,
-And you but waste your words.
-
-ISABELLA:
-Alas, alas!
-Why, all the souls that were were forfeit once;
-And He that might the vantage best have took
-Found out the remedy. How would you be,
-If He, which is the top of judgment, should
-But judge you as you are? O, think on that;
-And mercy then will breathe within your lips,
-Like man new made.
-
-ANGELO:
-Be you content, fair maid;
-It is the law, not I condemn your brother:
-Were he my kinsman, brother, or my son,
-It should be thus with him: he must die tomorrow.
-
-ISABELLA:
-To-morrow! O, that's sudden! Spare him, spare him!
-He's not prepared for death. Even for our kitchens
-We kill the fowl of season: shall we serve heaven
-With less respect than we do minister
-To our gross selves? Good, good my lord, bethink you;
-Who is it that hath died for this offence?
-There's many have committed it.
-
-ANGELO:
-The law hath not been dead, though it hath slept:
-Those many had not dared to do that evil,
-If the first that did the edict infringe
-Had answer'd for his deed: now 'tis awake
-Takes note of what is done; and, like a prophet,
-Looks in a glass, that shows what future evils,
-Either new, or by remissness new-conceived,
-And so in progress to be hatch'd and born,
-Are now to have no successive degrees,
-But, ere they live, to end.
-
-ISABELLA:
-Yet show some pity.
-
-ANGELO:
-I show it most of all when I show justice;
-For then I pity those I do not know,
-Which a dismiss'd offence would after gall;
-And do him right that, answering one foul wrong,
-Lives not to act another. Be satisfied;
-Your brother dies to-morrow; be content.
-
-ISABELLA:
-So you must be the first that gives this sentence,
-And he, that suffer's. O, it is excellent
-To have a giant's strength; but it is tyrannous
-To use it like a giant.
-
-ISABELLA:
-Could great men thunder
-As Jove himself does, Jove would ne'er be quiet,
-For every pelting, petty officer
-Would use his heaven for thunder;
-Nothing but thunder! Merciful Heaven,
-Thou rather with thy sharp and sulphurous bolt
-Split'st the unwedgeable and gnarled oak
-Than the soft myrtle: but man, proud man,
-Drest in a little brief authority,
-Most ignorant of what he's most assured,
-His glassy essence, like an angry ape,
-Plays such fantastic tricks before high heaven
-As make the angels weep; who, with our spleens,
-Would all themselves laugh mortal.
-
-ISABELLA:
-We cannot weigh our brother with ourself:
-Great men may jest with saints; 'tis wit in them,
-But in the less foul profanation.
-
-LUCIO:
-Thou'rt i' the right, girl; more o, that.
-
-ISABELLA:
-That in the captain's but a choleric word,
-Which in the soldier is flat blasphemy.
-
-ANGELO:
-Why do you put these sayings upon me?
-
-ISABELLA:
-Because authority, though it err like others,
-Hath yet a kind of medicine in itself,
-That skins the vice o' the top. Go to your bosom;
-Knock there, and ask your heart what it doth know
-That's like my brother's fault: if it confess
-A natural guiltiness such as is his,
-Let it not sound a thought upon your tongue
-Against my brother's life.
-
-ISABELLA:
-Gentle my lord, turn back.
-
-ANGELO:
-I will bethink me: come again tomorrow.
-
-ISABELLA:
-Hark how I'll bribe you: good my lord, turn back.
-
-ANGELO:
-How! bribe me?
-
-ISABELLA:
-Ay, with such gifts that heaven shall share with you.
-
-ISABELLA:
-Not with fond shekels of the tested gold,
-Or stones whose rates are either rich or poor
-As fancy values them; but with true prayers
-That shall be up at heaven and enter there
-Ere sun-rise, prayers from preserved souls,
-From fasting maids whose minds are dedicate
-To nothing temporal.
-
-ANGELO:
-Well; come to me to-morrow.
-
-ISABELLA:
-Heaven keep your honour safe!
-
-ISABELLA:
-At what hour to-morrow
-Shall I attend your lordship?
-
-ANGELO:
-At any time 'fore noon.
-
-ISABELLA:
-'Save your honour!
-
-ANGELO:
-From thee, even from thy virtue!
-What's this, what's this? Is this her fault or mine?
-The tempter or the tempted, who sins most?
-Ha!
-Not she: nor doth she tempt: but it is I
-That, lying by the violet in the sun,
-Do as the carrion does, not as the flower,
-Corrupt with virtuous season. Can it be
-That modesty may more betray our sense
-Than woman's lightness? Having waste ground enough,
-Shall we desire to raze the sanctuary
-And pitch our evils there? O, fie, fie, fie!
-What dost thou, or what art thou, Angelo?
-Dost thou desire her foully for those things
-That make her good? O, let her brother live!
-Thieves for their robbery have authority
-When judges steal themselves. What, do I love her,
-That I desire to hear her speak again,
-And feast upon her eyes? What is't I dream on?
-O cunning enemy, that, to catch a saint,
-With saints dost bait thy hook! Most dangerous
-Is that temptation that doth goad us on
-To sin in loving virtue: never could the strumpet,
-With all her double vigour, art and nature,
-Once stir my temper; but this virtuous maid
-Subdues me quite. Even till now,
-When men were fond, I smiled and wonder'd how.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Hail to you, provost! so I think you are.
-
-Provost:
-I am the provost. What's your will, good friar?
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Bound by my charity and my blest order,
-I come to visit the afflicted spirits
-Here in the prison. Do me the common right
-To let me see them and to make me know
-The nature of their crimes, that I may minister
-To them accordingly.
-
-Provost:
-I would do more than that, if more were needful.
-Look, here comes one: a gentlewoman of mine,
-Who, falling in the flaws of her own youth,
-Hath blister'd her report: she is with child;
-And he that got it, sentenced; a young man
-More fit to do another such offence
-Than die for this.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-When must he die?
-
-Provost:
-As I do think, to-morrow.
-I have provided for you: stay awhile,
-And you shall be conducted.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Repent you, fair one, of the sin you carry?
-
-JULIET:
-I do; and bear the shame most patiently.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-I'll teach you how you shall arraign your conscience,
-And try your penitence, if it be sound,
-Or hollowly put on.
-
-JULIET:
-I'll gladly learn.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Love you the man that wrong'd you?
-
-JULIET:
-Yes, as I love the woman that wrong'd him.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-So then it seems your most offenceful act
-Was mutually committed?
-
-JULIET:
-Mutually.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Then was your sin of heavier kind than his.
-
-JULIET:
-I do confess it, and repent it, father.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-'Tis meet so, daughter: but lest you do repent,
-As that the sin hath brought you to this shame,
-Which sorrow is always towards ourselves, not heaven,
-Showing we would not spare heaven as we love it,
-But as we stand in fear,--
-
-JULIET:
-I do repent me, as it is an evil,
-And take the shame with joy.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-There rest.
-Your partner, as I hear, must die to-morrow,
-And I am going with instruction to him.
-Grace go with you, Benedicite!
-
-JULIET:
-Must die to-morrow! O injurious love,
-That respites me a life, whose very comfort
-Is still a dying horror!
-
-Provost:
-'Tis pity of him.
-
-ANGELO:
-When I would pray and think, I think and pray
-To several subjects. Heaven hath my empty words;
-Whilst my invention, hearing not my tongue,
-Anchors on Isabel: Heaven in my mouth,
-As if I did but only chew his name;
-And in my heart the strong and swelling evil
-Of my conception. The state, whereon I studied
-Is like a good thing, being often read,
-Grown fear'd and tedious; yea, my gravity,
-Wherein--let no man hear me--I take pride,
-Could I with boot change for an idle plume,
-Which the air beats for vain. O place, O form,
-How often dost thou with thy case, thy habit,
-Wrench awe from fools and tie the wiser souls
-To thy false seeming! Blood, thou art blood:
-Let's write good angel on the devil's horn:
-'Tis not the devil's crest.
-How now! who's there?
-
-Servant:
-One Isabel, a sister, desires access to you.
-
-ANGELO:
-Teach her the way.
-O heavens!
-Why does my blood thus muster to my heart,
-Making both it unable for itself,
-And dispossessing all my other parts
-Of necessary fitness?
-So play the foolish throngs with one that swoons;
-Come all to help him, and so stop the air
-By which he should revive: and even so
-The general, subject to a well-wish'd king,
-Quit their own part, and in obsequious fondness
-Crowd to his presence, where their untaught love
-Must needs appear offence.
-How now, fair maid?
-
-ISABELLA:
-I am come to know your pleasure.
-
-ANGELO:
-That you might know it, would much better please me
-Than to demand what 'tis. Your brother cannot live.
-
-ISABELLA:
-Even so. Heaven keep your honour!
-
-ANGELO:
-Yet may he live awhile; and, it may be,
-As long as you or I yet he must die.
-
-ISABELLA:
-Under your sentence?
-
-ANGELO:
-Yea.
-
-ISABELLA:
-When, I beseech you? that in his reprieve,
-Longer or shorter, he may be so fitted
-That his soul sicken not.
-
-ANGELO:
-Ha! fie, these filthy vices! It were as good
-To pardon him that hath from nature stolen
-A man already made, as to remit
-Their saucy sweetness that do coin heaven's image
-In stamps that are forbid: 'tis all as easy
-Falsely to take away a life true made
-As to put metal in restrained means
-To make a false one.
-
-ISABELLA:
-'Tis set down so in heaven, but not in earth.
-
-ANGELO:
-Say you so? then I shall pose you quickly.
-Which had you rather, that the most just law
-Now took your brother's life; or, to redeem him,
-Give up your body to such sweet uncleanness
-As she that he hath stain'd?
-
-ISABELLA:
-Sir, believe this,
-I had rather give my body than my soul.
-
-ANGELO:
-I talk not of your soul: our compell'd sins
-Stand more for number than for accompt.
-
-ISABELLA:
-How say you?
-
-ANGELO:
-Nay, I'll not warrant that; for I can speak
-Against the thing I say. Answer to this:
-I, now the voice of the recorded law,
-Pronounce a sentence on your brother's life:
-Might there not be a charity in sin
-To save this brother's life?
-
-ISABELLA:
-Please you to do't,
-I'll take it as a peril to my soul,
-It is no sin at all, but charity.
-
-ANGELO:
-Pleased you to do't at peril of your soul,
-Were equal poise of sin and charity.
-
-ISABELLA:
-That I do beg his life, if it be sin,
-Heaven let me bear it! you granting of my suit,
-If that be sin, I'll make it my morn prayer
-To have it added to the faults of mine,
-And nothing of your answer.
-
-ANGELO:
-Nay, but hear me.
-Your sense pursues not mine: either you are ignorant,
-Or seem so craftily; and that's not good.
-
-ISABELLA:
-Let me be ignorant, and in nothing good,
-But graciously to know I am no better.
-
-ANGELO:
-Thus wisdom wishes to appear most bright
-When it doth tax itself; as these black masks
-Proclaim an enshield beauty ten times louder
-Than beauty could, display'd. But mark me;
-To be received plain, I'll speak more gross:
-Your brother is to die.
-
-ISABELLA:
-So.
-
-ANGELO:
-And his offence is so, as it appears,
-Accountant to the law upon that pain.
-
-ISABELLA:
-True.
-
-ANGELO:
-Admit no other way to save his life,--
-As I subscribe not that, nor any other,
-But in the loss of question,--that you, his sister,
-Finding yourself desired of such a person,
-Whose credit with the judge, or own great place,
-Could fetch your brother from the manacles
-Of the all-building law; and that there were
-No earthly mean to save him, but that either
-You must lay down the treasures of your body
-To this supposed, or else to let him suffer;
-What would you do?
-
-ISABELLA:
-As much for my poor brother as myself:
-That is, were I under the terms of death,
-The impression of keen whips I'ld wear as rubies,
-And strip myself to death, as to a bed
-That longing have been sick for, ere I'ld yield
-My body up to shame.
-
-ANGELO:
-Then must your brother die.
-
-ISABELLA:
-And 'twere the cheaper way:
-Better it were a brother died at once,
-Than that a sister, by redeeming him,
-Should die for ever.
-
-ANGELO:
-Were not you then as cruel as the sentence
-That you have slander'd so?
-
-ISABELLA:
-Ignomy in ransom and free pardon
-Are of two houses: lawful mercy
-Is nothing kin to foul redemption.
-
-ANGELO:
-You seem'd of late to make the law a tyrant;
-And rather proved the sliding of your brother
-A merriment than a vice.
-
-ISABELLA:
-O, pardon me, my lord; it oft falls out,
-To have what we would have, we speak not what we mean:
-I something do excuse the thing I hate,
-For his advantage that I dearly love.
-
-ANGELO:
-We are all frail.
-
-ISABELLA:
-Else let my brother die,
-If not a feodary, but only he
-Owe and succeed thy weakness.
-
-ANGELO:
-Nay, women are frail too.
-
-ISABELLA:
-Ay, as the glasses where they view themselves;
-Which are as easy broke as they make forms.
-Women! Help Heaven! men their creation mar
-In profiting by them. Nay, call us ten times frail;
-For we are soft as our complexions are,
-And credulous to false prints.
-
-ANGELO:
-I think it well:
-And from this testimony of your own sex,--
-Since I suppose we are made to be no stronger
-Than faults may shake our frames,--let me be bold;
-I do arrest your words. Be that you are,
-That is, a woman; if you be more, you're none;
-If you be one, as you are well express'd
-By all external warrants, show it now,
-By putting on the destined livery.
-
-ISABELLA:
-I have no tongue but one: gentle my lord,
-Let me entreat you speak the former language.
-
-ANGELO:
-Plainly conceive, I love you.
-
-ISABELLA:
-My brother did love Juliet,
-And you tell me that he shall die for it.
-
-ANGELO:
-He shall not, Isabel, if you give me love.
-
-ISABELLA:
-I know your virtue hath a licence in't,
-Which seems a little fouler than it is,
-To pluck on others.
-
-ANGELO:
-Believe me, on mine honour,
-My words express my purpose.
-
-ISABELLA:
-Ha! little honour to be much believed,
-And most pernicious purpose! Seeming, seeming!
-I will proclaim thee, Angelo; look for't:
-Sign me a present pardon for my brother,
-Or with an outstretch'd throat I'll tell the world aloud
-What man thou art.
-
-ANGELO:
-Who will believe thee, Isabel?
-My unsoil'd name, the austereness of my life,
-My vouch against you, and my place i' the state,
-Will so your accusation overweigh,
-That you shall stifle in your own report
-And smell of calumny. I have begun,
-And now I give my sensual race the rein:
-Fit thy consent to my sharp appetite;
-Lay by all nicety and prolixious blushes,
-That banish what they sue for; redeem thy brother
-By yielding up thy body to my will;
-Or else he must not only die the death,
-But thy unkindness shall his death draw out
-To lingering sufferance. Answer me to-morrow,
-Or, by the affection that now guides me most,
-I'll prove a tyrant to him. As for you,
-Say what you can, my false o'erweighs your true.
-
-ISABELLA:
-To whom should I complain? Did I tell this,
-Who would believe me? O perilous mouths,
-That bear in them one and the self-same tongue,
-Either of condemnation or approof;
-Bidding the law make court'sy to their will:
-Hooking both right and wrong to the appetite,
-To follow as it draws! I'll to my brother:
-Though he hath fallen by prompture of the blood,
-Yet hath he in him such a mind of honour.
-That, had he twenty heads to tender down
-On twenty bloody blocks, he'ld yield them up,
-Before his sister should her body stoop
-To such abhorr'd pollution.
-Then, Isabel, live chaste, and, brother, die:
-More than our brother is our chastity.
-I'll tell him yet of Angelo's request,
-And fit his mind to death, for his soul's rest.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-So then you hope of pardon from Lord Angelo?
-
-CLAUDIO:
-The miserable have no other medicine
-But only hope:
-I've hope to live, and am prepared to die.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Be absolute for death; either death or life
-Shall thereby be the sweeter. Reason thus with life:
-If I do lose thee, I do lose a thing
-That none but fools would keep: a breath thou art,
-Servile to all the skyey influences,
-That dost this habitation, where thou keep'st,
-Hourly afflict: merely, thou art death's fool;
-For him thou labour'st by thy flight to shun
-And yet runn'st toward him still. Thou art not noble;
-For all the accommodations that thou bear'st
-Are nursed by baseness. Thou'rt by no means valiant;
-For thou dost fear the soft and tender fork
-Of a poor worm. Thy best of rest is sleep,
-And that thou oft provokest; yet grossly fear'st
-Thy death, which is no more. Thou art not thyself;
-For thou exist'st on many a thousand grains
-That issue out of dust. Happy thou art not;
-For what thou hast not, still thou strivest to get,
-And what thou hast, forget'st. Thou art not certain;
-For thy complexion shifts to strange effects,
-After the moon. If thou art rich, thou'rt poor;
-For, like an ass whose back with ingots bows,
-Thou bear's thy heavy riches but a journey,
-And death unloads thee. Friend hast thou none;
-For thine own bowels, which do call thee sire,
-The mere effusion of thy proper loins,
-Do curse the gout, serpigo, and the rheum,
-For ending thee no sooner. Thou hast nor youth nor age,
-But, as it were, an after-dinner's sleep,
-Dreaming on both; for all thy blessed youth
-Becomes as aged, and doth beg the alms
-Of palsied eld; and when thou art old and rich,
-Thou hast neither heat, affection, limb, nor beauty,
-To make thy riches pleasant. What's yet in this
-That bears the name of life? Yet in this life
-Lie hid moe thousand deaths: yet death we fear,
-That makes these odds all even.
-
-CLAUDIO:
-I humbly thank you.
-To sue to live, I find I seek to die;
-And, seeking death, find life: let it come on.
-
-Provost:
-Who's there? come in: the wish deserves a welcome.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Dear sir, ere long I'll visit you again.
-
-CLAUDIO:
-Most holy sir, I thank you.
-
-ISABELLA:
-My business is a word or two with Claudio.
-
-Provost:
-And very welcome. Look, signior, here's your sister.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Provost, a word with you.
-
-Provost:
-As many as you please.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Bring me to hear them speak, where I may be concealed.
-
-CLAUDIO:
-Now, sister, what's the comfort?
-
-ISABELLA:
-Why,
-As all comforts are; most good, most good indeed.
-Lord Angelo, having affairs to heaven,
-Intends you for his swift ambassador,
-Where you shall be an everlasting leiger:
-Therefore your best appointment make with speed;
-To-morrow you set on.
-
-CLAUDIO:
-Is there no remedy?
-
-ISABELLA:
-None, but such remedy as, to save a head,
-To cleave a heart in twain.
-
-CLAUDIO:
-But is there any?
-
-ISABELLA:
-Yes, brother, you may live:
-There is a devilish mercy in the judge,
-If you'll implore it, that will free your life,
-But fetter you till death.
-
-CLAUDIO:
-Perpetual durance?
-
-ISABELLA:
-Ay, just; perpetual durance, a restraint,
-Though all the world's vastidity you had,
-To a determined scope.
-
-CLAUDIO:
-But in what nature?
-
-ISABELLA:
-In such a one as, you consenting to't,
-Would bark your honour from that trunk you bear,
-And leave you naked.
-
-CLAUDIO:
-Let me know the point.
-
-ISABELLA:
-O, I do fear thee, Claudio; and I quake,
-Lest thou a feverous life shouldst entertain,
-And six or seven winters more respect
-Than a perpetual honour. Darest thou die?
-The sense of death is most in apprehension;
-And the poor beetle, that we tread upon,
-In corporal sufferance finds a pang as great
-As when a giant dies.
-
-CLAUDIO:
-Why give you me this shame?
-Think you I can a resolution fetch
-From flowery tenderness? If I must die,
-I will encounter darkness as a bride,
-And hug it in mine arms.
-
-ISABELLA:
-There spake my brother; there my father's grave
-Did utter forth a voice. Yes, thou must die:
-Thou art too noble to conserve a life
-In base appliances. This outward-sainted deputy,
-Whose settled visage and deliberate word
-Nips youth i' the head and follies doth emmew
-As falcon doth the fowl, is yet a devil
-His filth within being cast, he would appear
-A pond as deep as hell.
-
-CLAUDIO:
-The prenzie Angelo!
-
-ISABELLA:
-O, 'tis the cunning livery of hell,
-The damned'st body to invest and cover
-In prenzie guards! Dost thou think, Claudio?
-If I would yield him my virginity,
-Thou mightst be freed.
-
-CLAUDIO:
-O heavens! it cannot be.
-
-ISABELLA:
-Yes, he would give't thee, from this rank offence,
-So to offend him still. This night's the time
-That I should do what I abhor to name,
-Or else thou diest to-morrow.
-
-CLAUDIO:
-Thou shalt not do't.
-
-ISABELLA:
-O, were it but my life,
-I'ld throw it down for your deliverance
-As frankly as a pin.
-
-CLAUDIO:
-Thanks, dear Isabel.
-
-ISABELLA:
-Be ready, Claudio, for your death tomorrow.
-
-CLAUDIO:
-Yes. Has he affections in him,
-That thus can make him bite the law by the nose,
-When he would force it? Sure, it is no sin,
-Or of the deadly seven, it is the least.
-
-ISABELLA:
-Which is the least?
-
-CLAUDIO:
-If it were damnable, he being so wise,
-Why would he for the momentary trick
-Be perdurably fined? O Isabel!
-
-ISABELLA:
-What says my brother?
-
-CLAUDIO:
-Death is a fearful thing.
-
-ISABELLA:
-And shamed life a hateful.
-
-CLAUDIO:
-Ay, but to die, and go we know not where;
-To lie in cold obstruction and to rot;
-This sensible warm motion to become
-A kneaded clod; and the delighted spirit
-To bathe in fiery floods, or to reside
-In thrilling region of thick-ribbed ice;
-To be imprison'd in the viewless winds,
-And blown with restless violence round about
-The pendent world; or to be worse than worst
-Of those that lawless and incertain thought
-Imagine howling: 'tis too horrible!
-The weariest and most loathed worldly life
-That age, ache, penury and imprisonment
-Can lay on nature is a paradise
-To what we fear of death.
-
-ISABELLA:
-Alas, alas!
-
-CLAUDIO:
-Sweet sister, let me live:
-What sin you do to save a brother's life,
-Nature dispenses with the deed so far
-That it becomes a virtue.
-
-ISABELLA:
-O you beast!
-O faithless coward! O dishonest wretch!
-Wilt thou be made a man out of my vice?
-Is't not a kind of incest, to take life
-From thine own sister's shame? What should I think?
-Heaven shield my mother play'd my father fair!
-For such a warped slip of wilderness
-Ne'er issued from his blood. Take my defiance!
-Die, perish! Might but my bending down
-Reprieve thee from thy fate, it should proceed:
-I'll pray a thousand prayers for thy death,
-No word to save thee.
-
-CLAUDIO:
-Nay, hear me, Isabel.
-
-ISABELLA:
-O, fie, fie, fie!
-Thy sin's not accidental, but a trade.
-Mercy to thee would prove itself a bawd:
-'Tis best thou diest quickly.
-
-CLAUDIO:
-O hear me, Isabella!
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Vouchsafe a word, young sister, but one word.
-
-ISABELLA:
-What is your will?
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Might you dispense with your leisure, I would by and
-by have some speech with you: the satisfaction I
-would require is likewise your own benefit.
-
-ISABELLA:
-I have no superfluous leisure; my stay must be
-stolen out of other affairs; but I will attend you awhile.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Son, I have overheard what hath passed between you
-and your sister. Angelo had never the purpose to
-corrupt her; only he hath made an essay of her
-virtue to practise his judgment with the disposition
-of natures: she, having the truth of honour in her,
-hath made him that gracious denial which he is most
-glad to receive. I am confessor to Angelo, and I
-know this to be true; therefore prepare yourself to
-death: do not satisfy your resolution with hopes
-that are fallible: tomorrow you must die; go to
-your knees and make ready.
-
-CLAUDIO:
-Let me ask my sister pardon. I am so out of love
-with life that I will sue to be rid of it.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Hold you there: farewell.
-Provost, a word with you!
-
-Provost:
-What's your will, father
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-That now you are come, you will be gone. Leave me
-awhile with the maid: my mind promises with my
-habit no loss shall touch her by my company.
-
-Provost:
-In good time.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-The hand that hath made you fair hath made you good:
-the goodness that is cheap in beauty makes beauty
-brief in goodness; but grace, being the soul of
-your complexion, shall keep the body of it ever
-fair. The assault that Angelo hath made to you,
-fortune hath conveyed to my understanding; and, but
-that frailty hath examples for his falling, I should
-wonder at Angelo. How will you do to content this
-substitute, and to save your brother?
-
-ISABELLA:
-I am now going to resolve him: I had rather my
-brother die by the law than my son should be
-unlawfully born. But, O, how much is the good duke
-deceived in Angelo! If ever he return and I can
-speak to him, I will open my lips in vain, or
-discover his government.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-That shall not be much amiss: Yet, as the matter
-now stands, he will avoid your accusation; he made
-trial of you only. Therefore fasten your ear on my
-advisings: to the love I have in doing good a
-remedy presents itself. I do make myself believe
-that you may most uprighteously do a poor wronged
-lady a merited benefit; redeem your brother from
-the angry law; do no stain to your own gracious
-person; and much please the absent duke, if
-peradventure he shall ever return to have hearing of
-this business.
-
-ISABELLA:
-Let me hear you speak farther. I have spirit to do
-anything that appears not foul in the truth of my spirit.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Virtue is bold, and goodness never fearful. Have
-you not heard speak of Mariana, the sister of
-Frederick the great soldier who miscarried at sea?
-
-ISABELLA:
-I have heard of the lady, and good words went with her name.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-She should this Angelo have married; was affianced
-to her by oath, and the nuptial appointed: between
-which time of the contract and limit of the
-solemnity, her brother Frederick was wrecked at sea,
-having in that perished vessel the dowry of his
-sister. But mark how heavily this befell to the
-poor gentlewoman: there she lost a noble and
-renowned brother, in his love toward her ever most
-kind and natural; with him, the portion and sinew of
-her fortune, her marriage-dowry; with both, her
-combinate husband, this well-seeming Angelo.
-
-ISABELLA:
-Can this be so? did Angelo so leave her?
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Left her in her tears, and dried not one of them
-with his comfort; swallowed his vows whole,
-pretending in her discoveries of dishonour: in few,
-bestowed her on her own lamentation, which she yet
-wears for his sake; and he, a marble to her tears,
-is washed with them, but relents not.
-
-ISABELLA:
-What a merit were it in death to take this poor maid
-from the world! What corruption in this life, that
-it will let this man live! But how out of this can she avail?
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-It is a rupture that you may easily heal: and the
-cure of it not only saves your brother, but keeps
-you from dishonour in doing it.
-
-ISABELLA:
-Show me how, good father.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-This forenamed maid hath yet in her the continuance
-of her first affection: his unjust unkindness, that
-in all reason should have quenched her love, hath,
-like an impediment in the current, made it more
-violent and unruly. Go you to Angelo; answer his
-requiring with a plausible obedience; agree with
-his demands to the point; only refer yourself to
-this advantage, first, that your stay with him may
-not be long; that the time may have all shadow and
-silence in it; and the place answer to convenience.
-This being granted in course,--and now follows
-all,--we shall advise this wronged maid to stead up
-your appointment, go in your place; if the encounter
-acknowledge itself hereafter, it may compel him to
-her recompense: and here, by this, is your brother
-saved, your honour untainted, the poor Mariana
-advantaged, and the corrupt deputy scaled. The maid
-will I frame and make fit for his attempt. If you
-think well to carry this as you may, the doubleness
-of the benefit defends the deceit from reproof.
-What think you of it?
-
-ISABELLA:
-The image of it gives me content already; and I
-trust it will grow to a most prosperous perfection.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-It lies much in your holding up. Haste you speedily
-to Angelo: if for this night he entreat you to his
-bed, give him promise of satisfaction. I will
-presently to Saint Luke's: there, at the moated
-grange, resides this dejected Mariana. At that
-place call upon me; and dispatch with Angelo, that
-it may be quickly.
-
-ISABELLA:
-I thank you for this comfort. Fare you well, good father.
-
-ELBOW:
-Nay, if there be no remedy for it, but that you will
-needs buy and sell men and women like beasts, we
-shall have all the world drink brown and white bastard.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-O heavens! what stuff is here
-
-POMPEY:
-'Twas never merry world since, of two usuries, the
-merriest was put down, and the worser allowed by
-order of law a furred gown to keep him warm; and
-furred with fox and lamb-skins too, to signify, that
-craft, being richer than innocency, stands for the facing.
-
-ELBOW:
-Come your way, sir. 'Bless you, good father friar.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-And you, good brother father. What offence hath
-this man made you, sir?
-
-ELBOW:
-Marry, sir, he hath offended the law: and, sir, we
-take him to be a thief too, sir; for we have found
-upon him, sir, a strange picklock, which we have
-sent to the deputy.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Fie, sirrah! a bawd, a wicked bawd!
-The evil that thou causest to be done,
-That is thy means to live. Do thou but think
-What 'tis to cram a maw or clothe a back
-From such a filthy vice: say to thyself,
-From their abominable and beastly touches
-I drink, I eat, array myself, and live.
-Canst thou believe thy living is a life,
-So stinkingly depending? Go mend, go mend.
-
-POMPEY:
-Indeed, it does stink in some sort, sir; but yet,
-sir, I would prove--
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Nay, if the devil have given thee proofs for sin,
-Thou wilt prove his. Take him to prison, officer:
-Correction and instruction must both work
-Ere this rude beast will profit.
-
-ELBOW:
-He must before the deputy, sir; he has given him
-warning: the deputy cannot abide a whoremaster: if
-he be a whoremonger, and comes before him, he were
-as good go a mile on his errand.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-That we were all, as some would seem to be,
-From our faults, as faults from seeming, free!
-
-ELBOW:
-His neck will come to your waist,--a cord, sir.
-
-POMPEY:
-I spy comfort; I cry bail. Here's a gentleman and a
-friend of mine.
-
-LUCIO:
-How now, noble Pompey! What, at the wheels of
-Caesar? art thou led in triumph? What, is there
-none of Pygmalion's images, newly made woman, to be
-had now, for putting the hand in the pocket and
-extracting it clutch'd? What reply, ha? What
-sayest thou to this tune, matter and method? Is't
-not drowned i' the last rain, ha? What sayest
-thou, Trot? Is the world as it was, man? Which is
-the way? Is it sad, and few words? or how? The
-trick of it?
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Still thus, and thus; still worse!
-
-LUCIO:
-How doth my dear morsel, thy mistress? Procures she
-still, ha?
-
-POMPEY:
-Troth, sir, she hath eaten up all her beef, and she
-is herself in the tub.
-
-LUCIO:
-Why, 'tis good; it is the right of it; it must be
-so: ever your fresh whore and your powdered bawd:
-an unshunned consequence; it must be so. Art going
-to prison, Pompey?
-
-POMPEY:
-Yes, faith, sir.
-
-LUCIO:
-Why, 'tis not amiss, Pompey. Farewell: go, say I
-sent thee thither. For debt, Pompey? or how?
-
-ELBOW:
-For being a bawd, for being a bawd.
-
-LUCIO:
-Well, then, imprison him: if imprisonment be the
-due of a bawd, why, 'tis his right: bawd is he
-doubtless, and of antiquity too; bawd-born.
-Farewell, good Pompey. Commend me to the prison,
-Pompey: you will turn good husband now, Pompey; you
-will keep the house.
-
-POMPEY:
-I hope, sir, your good worship will be my bail.
-
-LUCIO:
-No, indeed, will I not, Pompey; it is not the wear.
-I will pray, Pompey, to increase your bondage: If
-you take it not patiently, why, your mettle is the
-more. Adieu, trusty Pompey. 'Bless you, friar.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-And you.
-
-LUCIO:
-Does Bridget paint still, Pompey, ha?
-
-ELBOW:
-Come your ways, sir; come.
-
-POMPEY:
-You will not bail me, then, sir?
-
-LUCIO:
-Then, Pompey, nor now. What news abroad, friar?
-what news?
-
-ELBOW:
-Come your ways, sir; come.
-
-LUCIO:
-Go to kennel, Pompey; go.
-What news, friar, of the duke?
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-I know none. Can you tell me of any?
-
-LUCIO:
-Some say he is with the Emperor of Russia; other
-some, he is in Rome: but where is he, think you?
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-I know not where; but wheresoever, I wish him well.
-
-LUCIO:
-It was a mad fantastical trick of him to steal from
-the state, and usurp the beggary he was never born
-to. Lord Angelo dukes it well in his absence; he
-puts transgression to 't.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-He does well in 't.
-
-LUCIO:
-A little more lenity to lechery would do no harm in
-him: something too crabbed that way, friar.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-It is too general a vice, and severity must cure it.
-
-LUCIO:
-Yes, in good sooth, the vice is of a great kindred;
-it is well allied: but it is impossible to extirp
-it quite, friar, till eating and drinking be put
-down. They say this Angelo was not made by man and
-woman after this downright way of creation: is it
-true, think you?
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-How should he be made, then?
-
-LUCIO:
-Some report a sea-maid spawned him; some, that he
-was begot between two stock-fishes. But it is
-certain that when he makes water his urine is
-congealed ice; that I know to be true: and he is a
-motion generative; that's infallible.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-You are pleasant, sir, and speak apace.
-
-LUCIO:
-Why, what a ruthless thing is this in him, for the
-rebellion of a codpiece to take away the life of a
-man! Would the duke that is absent have done this?
-Ere he would have hanged a man for the getting a
-hundred bastards, he would have paid for the nursing
-a thousand: he had some feeling of the sport: he
-knew the service, and that instructed him to mercy.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-I never heard the absent duke much detected for
-women; he was not inclined that way.
-
-LUCIO:
-O, sir, you are deceived.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-'Tis not possible.
-
-LUCIO:
-Who, not the duke? yes, your beggar of fifty; and
-his use was to put a ducat in her clack-dish: the
-duke had crotchets in him. He would be drunk too;
-that let me inform you.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-You do him wrong, surely.
-
-LUCIO:
-Sir, I was an inward of his. A shy fellow was the
-duke: and I believe I know the cause of his
-withdrawing.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-What, I prithee, might be the cause?
-
-LUCIO:
-No, pardon; 'tis a secret must be locked within the
-teeth and the lips: but this I can let you
-understand, the greater file of the subject held the
-duke to be wise.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Wise! why, no question but he was.
-
-LUCIO:
-A very superficial, ignorant, unweighing fellow.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Either this is the envy in you, folly, or mistaking:
-the very stream of his life and the business he hath
-helmed must upon a warranted need give him a better
-proclamation. Let him be but testimonied in his own
-bringings-forth, and he shall appear to the
-envious a scholar, a statesman and a soldier.
-Therefore you speak unskilfully: or if your
-knowledge be more it is much darkened in your malice.
-
-LUCIO:
-Sir, I know him, and I love him.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Love talks with better knowledge, and knowledge with
-dearer love.
-
-LUCIO:
-Come, sir, I know what I know.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-I can hardly believe that, since you know not what
-you speak. But, if ever the duke return, as our
-prayers are he may, let me desire you to make your
-answer before him. If it be honest you have spoke,
-you have courage to maintain it: I am bound to call
-upon you; and, I pray you, your name?
-
-LUCIO:
-Sir, my name is Lucio; well known to the duke.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-He shall know you better, sir, if I may live to
-report you.
-
-LUCIO:
-I fear you not.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-O, you hope the duke will return no more; or you
-imagine me too unhurtful an opposite. But indeed I
-can do you little harm; you'll forswear this again.
-
-LUCIO:
-I'll be hanged first: thou art deceived in me,
-friar. But no more of this. Canst thou tell if
-Claudio die to-morrow or no?
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Why should he die, sir?
-
-LUCIO:
-Why? For filling a bottle with a tundish. I would
-the duke we talk of were returned again: the
-ungenitured agent will unpeople the province with
-continency; sparrows must not build in his
-house-eaves, because they are lecherous. The duke
-yet would have dark deeds darkly answered; he would
-never bring them to light: would he were returned!
-Marry, this Claudio is condemned for untrussing.
-Farewell, good friar: I prithee, pray for me. The
-duke, I say to thee again, would eat mutton on
-Fridays. He's not past it yet, and I say to thee,
-he would mouth with a beggar, though she smelt brown
-bread and garlic: say that I said so. Farewell.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-No might nor greatness in mortality
-Can censure 'scape; back-wounding calumny
-The whitest virtue strikes. What king so strong
-Can tie the gall up in the slanderous tongue?
-But who comes here?
-
-ESCALUS:
-Go; away with her to prison!
-
-MISTRESS OVERDONE:
-Good my lord, be good to me; your honour is accounted
-a merciful man; good my lord.
-
-ESCALUS:
-Double and treble admonition, and still forfeit in
-the same kind! This would make mercy swear and play
-the tyrant.
-
-Provost:
-A bawd of eleven years' continuance, may it please
-your honour.
-
-MISTRESS OVERDONE:
-My lord, this is one Lucio's information against me.
-Mistress Kate Keepdown was with child by him in the
-duke's time; he promised her marriage: his child
-is a year and a quarter old, come Philip and Jacob:
-I have kept it myself; and see how he goes about to abuse me!
-
-ESCALUS:
-That fellow is a fellow of much licence: let him be
-called before us. Away with her to prison! Go to;
-no more words.
-Provost, my brother Angelo will not be altered;
-Claudio must die to-morrow: let him be furnished
-with divines, and have all charitable preparation.
-if my brother wrought by my pity, it should not be
-so with him.
-
-Provost:
-So please you, this friar hath been with him, and
-advised him for the entertainment of death.
-
-ESCALUS:
-Good even, good father.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Bliss and goodness on you!
-
-ESCALUS:
-Of whence are you?
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Not of this country, though my chance is now
-To use it for my time: I am a brother
-Of gracious order, late come from the See
-In special business from his holiness.
-
-ESCALUS:
-What news abroad i' the world?
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-None, but that there is so great a fever on
-goodness, that the dissolution of it must cure it:
-novelty is only in request; and it is as dangerous
-to be aged in any kind of course, as it is virtuous
-to be constant in any undertaking. There is scarce
-truth enough alive to make societies secure; but
-security enough to make fellowships accurst: much
-upon this riddle runs the wisdom of the world. This
-news is old enough, yet it is every day's news. I
-pray you, sir, of what disposition was the duke?
-
-ESCALUS:
-One that, above all other strifes, contended
-especially to know himself.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-What pleasure was he given to?
-
-ESCALUS:
-Rather rejoicing to see another merry, than merry at
-any thing which professed to make him rejoice: a
-gentleman of all temperance. But leave we him to
-his events, with a prayer they may prove prosperous;
-and let me desire to know how you find Claudio
-prepared. I am made to understand that you have
-lent him visitation.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-He professes to have received no sinister measure
-from his judge, but most willingly humbles himself
-to the determination of justice: yet had he framed
-to himself, by the instruction of his frailty, many
-deceiving promises of life; which I by my good
-leisure have discredited to him, and now is he
-resolved to die.
-
-ESCALUS:
-You have paid the heavens your function, and the
-prisoner the very debt of your calling. I have
-laboured for the poor gentleman to the extremest
-shore of my modesty: but my brother justice have I
-found so severe, that he hath forced me to tell him
-he is indeed Justice.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-If his own life answer the straitness of his
-proceeding, it shall become him well; wherein if he
-chance to fail, he hath sentenced himself.
-
-ESCALUS:
-I am going to visit the prisoner. Fare you well.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Peace be with you!
-He who the sword of heaven will bear
-Should be as holy as severe;
-Pattern in himself to know,
-Grace to stand, and virtue go;
-More nor less to others paying
-Than by self-offences weighing.
-Shame to him whose cruel striking
-Kills for faults of his own liking!
-Twice treble shame on Angelo,
-To weed my vice and let his grow!
-O, what may man within him hide,
-Though angel on the outward side!
-How may likeness made in crimes,
-Making practise on the times,
-To draw with idle spiders' strings
-Most ponderous and substantial things!
-Craft against vice I must apply:
-With Angelo to-night shall lie
-His old betrothed but despised;
-So disguise shall, by the disguised,
-Pay with falsehood false exacting,
-And perform an old contracting.
-
-
-MARIANA:
-Break off thy song, and haste thee quick away:
-Here comes a man of comfort, whose advice
-Hath often still'd my brawling discontent.
-I cry you mercy, sir; and well could wish
-You had not found me here so musical:
-Let me excuse me, and believe me so,
-My mirth it much displeased, but pleased my woe.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-'Tis good; though music oft hath such a charm
-To make bad good, and good provoke to harm.
-I pray, you, tell me, hath any body inquired
-for me here to-day? much upon this time have
-I promised here to meet.
-
-MARIANA:
-You have not been inquired after:
-I have sat here all day.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-I do constantly believe you. The time is come even
-now. I shall crave your forbearance a little: may
-be I will call upon you anon, for some advantage to yourself.
-
-MARIANA:
-I am always bound to you.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Very well met, and well come.
-What is the news from this good deputy?
-
-ISABELLA:
-He hath a garden circummured with brick,
-Whose western side is with a vineyard back'd;
-And to that vineyard is a planched gate,
-That makes his opening with this bigger key:
-This other doth command a little door
-Which from the vineyard to the garden leads;
-There have I made my promise
-Upon the heavy middle of the night
-To call upon him.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-But shall you on your knowledge find this way?
-
-ISABELLA:
-I have ta'en a due and wary note upon't:
-With whispering and most guilty diligence,
-In action all of precept, he did show me
-The way twice o'er.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Are there no other tokens
-Between you 'greed concerning her observance?
-
-ISABELLA:
-No, none, but only a repair i' the dark;
-And that I have possess'd him my most stay
-Can be but brief; for I have made him know
-I have a servant comes with me along,
-That stays upon me, whose persuasion is
-I come about my brother.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-'Tis well borne up.
-I have not yet made known to Mariana
-A word of this. What, ho! within! come forth!
-I pray you, be acquainted with this maid;
-She comes to do you good.
-
-ISABELLA:
-I do desire the like.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Do you persuade yourself that I respect you?
-
-MARIANA:
-Good friar, I know you do, and have found it.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Take, then, this your companion by the hand,
-Who hath a story ready for your ear.
-I shall attend your leisure: but make haste;
-The vaporous night approaches.
-
-MARIANA:
-Will't please you walk aside?
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-O place and greatness! millions of false eyes
-Are stuck upon thee: volumes of report
-Run with these false and most contrarious quests
-Upon thy doings: thousand escapes of wit
-Make thee the father of their idle dreams
-And rack thee in their fancies.
-Welcome, how agreed?
-
-ISABELLA:
-She'll take the enterprise upon her, father,
-If you advise it.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-It is not my consent,
-But my entreaty too.
-
-ISABELLA:
-Little have you to say
-When you depart from him, but, soft and low,
-'Remember now my brother.'
-
-MARIANA:
-Fear me not.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Nor, gentle daughter, fear you not at all.
-He is your husband on a pre-contract:
-To bring you thus together, 'tis no sin,
-Sith that the justice of your title to him
-Doth flourish the deceit. Come, let us go:
-Our corn's to reap, for yet our tithe's to sow.
-
-Provost:
-Come hither, sirrah. Can you cut off a man's head?
-
-POMPEY:
-If the man be a bachelor, sir, I can; but if he be a
-married man, he's his wife's head, and I can never
-cut off a woman's head.
-
-Provost:
-Come, sir, leave me your snatches, and yield me a
-direct answer. To-morrow morning are to die Claudio
-and Barnardine. Here is in our prison a common
-executioner, who in his office lacks a helper: if
-you will take it on you to assist him, it shall
-redeem you from your gyves; if not, you shall have
-your full time of imprisonment and your deliverance
-with an unpitied whipping, for you have been a
-notorious bawd.
-
-POMPEY:
-Sir, I have been an unlawful bawd time out of mind;
-but yet I will be content to be a lawful hangman. I
-would be glad to receive some instruction from my
-fellow partner.
-
-Provost:
-What, ho! Abhorson! Where's Abhorson, there?
-
-ABHORSON:
-Do you call, sir?
-
-Provost:
-Sirrah, here's a fellow will help you to-morrow in
-your execution. If you think it meet, compound with
-him by the year, and let him abide here with you; if
-not, use him for the present and dismiss him. He
-cannot plead his estimation with you; he hath been a bawd.
-
-ABHORSON:
-A bawd, sir? fie upon him! he will discredit our mystery.
-
-Provost:
-Go to, sir; you weigh equally; a feather will turn
-the scale.
-
-POMPEY:
-Pray, sir, by your good favour,--for surely, sir, a
-good favour you have, but that you have a hanging
-look,--do you call, sir, your occupation a mystery?
-
-ABHORSON:
-Ay, sir; a mystery
-
-POMPEY:
-Painting, sir, I have heard say, is a mystery; and
-your whores, sir, being members of my occupation,
-using painting, do prove my occupation a mystery:
-but what mystery there should be in hanging, if I
-should be hanged, I cannot imagine.
-
-ABHORSON:
-Sir, it is a mystery.
-
-POMPEY:
-Proof?
-
-ABHORSON:
-Every true man's apparel fits your thief: if it be
-too little for your thief, your true man thinks it
-big enough; if it be too big for your thief, your
-thief thinks it little enough: so every true man's
-apparel fits your thief.
-
-Provost:
-Are you agreed?
-
-POMPEY:
-Sir, I will serve him; for I do find your hangman is
-a more penitent trade than your bawd; he doth
-oftener ask forgiveness.
-
-Provost:
-You, sirrah, provide your block and your axe
-to-morrow four o'clock.
-
-ABHORSON:
-Come on, bawd; I will instruct thee in my trade; follow.
-
-POMPEY:
-I do desire to learn, sir: and I hope, if you have
-occasion to use me for your own turn, you shall find
-me yare; for truly, sir, for your kindness I owe you
-a good turn.
-
-Provost:
-Call hither Barnardine and Claudio:
-The one has my pity; not a jot the other,
-Being a murderer, though he were my brother.
-Look, here's the warrant, Claudio, for thy death:
-'Tis now dead midnight, and by eight to-morrow
-Thou must be made immortal. Where's Barnardine?
-
-CLAUDIO:
-As fast lock'd up in sleep as guiltless labour
-When it lies starkly in the traveller's bones:
-He will not wake.
-
-Provost:
-Who can do good on him?
-Well, go, prepare yourself.
-But, hark, what noise?
-Heaven give your spirits comfort!
-By and by.
-I hope it is some pardon or reprieve
-For the most gentle Claudio.
-Welcome father.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-The best and wholesomest spirts of the night
-Envelope you, good Provost! Who call'd here of late?
-
-Provost:
-None, since the curfew rung.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Not Isabel?
-
-Provost:
-No.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-They will, then, ere't be long.
-
-Provost:
-What comfort is for Claudio?
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-There's some in hope.
-
-Provost:
-It is a bitter deputy.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Not so, not so; his life is parallel'd
-Even with the stroke and line of his great justice:
-He doth with holy abstinence subdue
-That in himself which he spurs on his power
-To qualify in others: were he meal'd with that
-Which he corrects, then were he tyrannous;
-But this being so, he's just.
-Now are they come.
-This is a gentle provost: seldom when
-The steeled gaoler is the friend of men.
-How now! what noise? That spirit's possessed with haste
-That wounds the unsisting postern with these strokes.
-
-Provost:
-There he must stay until the officer
-Arise to let him in: he is call'd up.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Have you no countermand for Claudio yet,
-But he must die to-morrow?
-
-Provost:
-None, sir, none.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-As near the dawning, provost, as it is,
-You shall hear more ere morning.
-
-Provost:
-Happily
-You something know; yet I believe there comes
-No countermand; no such example have we:
-Besides, upon the very siege of justice
-Lord Angelo hath to the public ear
-Profess'd the contrary.
-This is his lordship's man.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-And here comes Claudio's pardon.
-
-Provost:
-I shall obey him.
-
-Provost:
-I told you. Lord Angelo, belike thinking me remiss
-in mine office, awakens me with this unwonted
-putting-on; methinks strangely, for he hath not used it before.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Pray you, let's hear.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-What is that Barnardine who is to be executed in the
-afternoon?
-
-Provost:
-A Bohemian born, but here nursed un and bred; one
-that is a prisoner nine years old.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-How came it that the absent duke had not either
-delivered him to his liberty or executed him? I
-have heard it was ever his manner to do so.
-
-Provost:
-His friends still wrought reprieves for him: and,
-indeed, his fact, till now in the government of Lord
-Angelo, came not to an undoubtful proof.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-It is now apparent?
-
-Provost:
-Most manifest, and not denied by himself.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Hath he born himself penitently in prison? how
-seems he to be touched?
-
-Provost:
-A man that apprehends death no more dreadfully but
-as a drunken sleep; careless, reckless, and fearless
-of what's past, present, or to come; insensible of
-mortality, and desperately mortal.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-He wants advice.
-
-Provost:
-He will hear none: he hath evermore had the liberty
-of the prison; give him leave to escape hence, he
-would not: drunk many times a day, if not many days
-entirely drunk. We have very oft awaked him, as if
-to carry him to execution, and showed him a seeming
-warrant for it: it hath not moved him at all.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-More of him anon. There is written in your brow,
-provost, honesty and constancy: if I read it not
-truly, my ancient skill beguiles me; but, in the
-boldness of my cunning, I will lay myself in hazard.
-Claudio, whom here you have warrant to execute, is
-no greater forfeit to the law than Angelo who hath
-sentenced him. To make you understand this in a
-manifested effect, I crave but four days' respite;
-for the which you are to do me both a present and a
-dangerous courtesy.
-
-Provost:
-Pray, sir, in what?
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-In the delaying death.
-
-Provost:
-A lack, how may I do it, having the hour limited,
-and an express command, under penalty, to deliver
-his head in the view of Angelo? I may make my case
-as Claudio's, to cross this in the smallest.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-By the vow of mine order I warrant you, if my
-instructions may be your guide. Let this Barnardine
-be this morning executed, and his head born to Angelo.
-
-Provost:
-Angelo hath seen them both, and will discover the favour.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-O, death's a great disguiser; and you may add to it.
-Shave the head, and tie the beard; and say it was
-the desire of the penitent to be so bared before his
-death: you know the course is common. If any thing
-fall to you upon this, more than thanks and good
-fortune, by the saint whom I profess, I will plead
-against it with my life.
-
-Provost:
-Pardon me, good father; it is against my oath.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Were you sworn to the duke, or to the deputy?
-
-Provost:
-To him, and to his substitutes.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-You will think you have made no offence, if the duke
-avouch the justice of your dealing?
-
-Provost:
-But what likelihood is in that?
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Not a resemblance, but a certainty. Yet since I see
-you fearful, that neither my coat, integrity, nor
-persuasion can with ease attempt you, I will go
-further than I meant, to pluck all fears out of you.
-Look you, sir, here is the hand and seal of the
-duke: you know the character, I doubt not; and the
-signet is not strange to you.
-
-Provost:
-I know them both.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-The contents of this is the return of the duke: you
-shall anon over-read it at your pleasure; where you
-shall find, within these two days he will be here.
-This is a thing that Angelo knows not; for he this
-very day receives letters of strange tenor;
-perchance of the duke's death; perchance entering
-into some monastery; but, by chance, nothing of what
-is writ. Look, the unfolding star calls up the
-shepherd. Put not yourself into amazement how these
-things should be: all difficulties are but easy
-when they are known. Call your executioner, and off
-with Barnardine's head: I will give him a present
-shrift and advise him for a better place. Yet you
-are amazed; but this shall absolutely resolve you.
-Come away; it is almost clear dawn.
-
-POMPEY:
-I am as well acquainted here as I was in our house
-of profession: one would think it were Mistress
-Overdone's own house, for here be many of her old
-customers. First, here's young Master Rash; he's in
-for a commodity of brown paper and old ginger,
-ninescore and seventeen pounds; of which he made
-five marks, ready money: marry, then ginger was not
-much in request, for the old women were all dead.
-Then is there here one Master Caper, at the suit of
-Master Three-pile the mercer, for some four suits of
-peach-coloured satin, which now peaches him a
-beggar. Then have we here young Dizy, and young
-Master Deep-vow, and Master Copperspur, and Master
-Starve-lackey the rapier and dagger man, and young
-Drop-heir that killed lusty Pudding, and Master
-Forthlight the tilter, and brave Master Shooty the
-great traveller, and wild Half-can that stabbed
-Pots, and, I think, forty more; all great doers in
-our trade, and are now 'for the Lord's sake.'
-
-ABHORSON:
-Sirrah, bring Barnardine hither.
-
-POMPEY:
-Master Barnardine! you must rise and be hanged.
-Master Barnardine!
-
-ABHORSON:
-What, ho, Barnardine!
-
-POMPEY:
-Your friends, sir; the hangman. You must be so
-good, sir, to rise and be put to death.
-
-ABHORSON:
-Tell him he must awake, and that quickly too.
-
-POMPEY:
-Pray, Master Barnardine, awake till you are
-executed, and sleep afterwards.
-
-ABHORSON:
-Go in to him, and fetch him out.
-
-POMPEY:
-He is coming, sir, he is coming; I hear his straw rustle.
-
-ABHORSON:
-Is the axe upon the block, sirrah?
-
-POMPEY:
-Very ready, sir.
-
-BARNARDINE:
-How now, Abhorson? what's the news with you?
-
-ABHORSON:
-Truly, sir, I would desire you to clap into your
-prayers; for, look you, the warrant's come.
-
-BARNARDINE:
-You rogue, I have been drinking all night; I am not
-fitted for 't.
-
-POMPEY:
-O, the better, sir; for he that drinks all night,
-and is hanged betimes in the morning, may sleep the
-sounder all the next day.
-
-ABHORSON:
-Look you, sir; here comes your ghostly father: do
-we jest now, think you?
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Sir, induced by my charity, and hearing how hastily
-you are to depart, I am come to advise you, comfort
-you and pray with you.
-
-BARNARDINE:
-Friar, not I I have been drinking hard all night,
-and I will have more time to prepare me, or they
-shall beat out my brains with billets: I will not
-consent to die this day, that's certain.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-O, sir, you must: and therefore I beseech you
-Look forward on the journey you shall go.
-
-BARNARDINE:
-I swear I will not die to-day for any man's
-persuasion.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-But hear you.
-
-BARNARDINE:
-Not a word: if you have any thing to say to me,
-come to my ward; for thence will not I to-day.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Unfit to live or die: O gravel heart!
-After him, fellows; bring him to the block.
-
-Provost:
-Now, sir, how do you find the prisoner?
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-A creature unprepared, unmeet for death;
-And to transport him in the mind he is
-Were damnable.
-
-Provost:
-Here in the prison, father,
-There died this morning of a cruel fever
-One Ragozine, a most notorious pirate,
-A man of Claudio's years; his beard and head
-Just of his colour. What if we do omit
-This reprobate till he were well inclined;
-And satisfy the deputy with the visage
-Of Ragozine, more like to Claudio?
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-O, 'tis an accident that heaven provides!
-Dispatch it presently; the hour draws on
-Prefix'd by Angelo: see this be done,
-And sent according to command; whiles I
-Persuade this rude wretch willingly to die.
-
-Provost:
-This shall be done, good father, presently.
-But Barnardine must die this afternoon:
-And how shall we continue Claudio,
-To save me from the danger that might come
-If he were known alive?
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Let this be done.
-Put them in secret holds, both Barnardine and Claudio:
-Ere twice the sun hath made his journal greeting
-To the under generation, you shall find
-Your safety manifested.
-
-Provost:
-I am your free dependant.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Quick, dispatch, and send the head to Angelo.
-Now will I write letters to Angelo,--
-The provost, he shall bear them, whose contents
-Shall witness to him I am near at home,
-And that, by great injunctions, I am bound
-To enter publicly: him I'll desire
-To meet me at the consecrated fount
-A league below the city; and from thence,
-By cold gradation and well-balanced form,
-We shall proceed with Angelo.
-
-Provost:
-Here is the head; I'll carry it myself.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Convenient is it. Make a swift return;
-For I would commune with you of such things
-That want no ear but yours.
-
-Provost:
-I'll make all speed.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-The tongue of Isabel. She's come to know
-If yet her brother's pardon be come hither:
-But I will keep her ignorant of her good,
-To make her heavenly comforts of despair,
-When it is least expected.
-
-ISABELLA:
-Ho, by your leave!
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Good morning to you, fair and gracious daughter.
-
-ISABELLA:
-The better, given me by so holy a man.
-Hath yet the deputy sent my brother's pardon?
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-He hath released him, Isabel, from the world:
-His head is off and sent to Angelo.
-
-ISABELLA:
-Nay, but it is not so.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-It is no other: show your wisdom, daughter,
-In your close patience.
-
-ISABELLA:
-O, I will to him and pluck out his eyes!
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-You shall not be admitted to his sight.
-
-ISABELLA:
-Unhappy Claudio! wretched Isabel!
-Injurious world! most damned Angelo!
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-This nor hurts him nor profits you a jot;
-Forbear it therefore; give your cause to heaven.
-Mark what I say, which you shall find
-By every syllable a faithful verity:
-The duke comes home to-morrow; nay, dry your eyes;
-One of our convent, and his confessor,
-Gives me this instance: already he hath carried
-Notice to Escalus and Angelo,
-Who do prepare to meet him at the gates,
-There to give up their power. If you can, pace your wisdom
-In that good path that I would wish it go,
-And you shall have your bosom on this wretch,
-Grace of the duke, revenges to your heart,
-And general honour.
-
-ISABELLA:
-I am directed by you.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-This letter, then, to Friar Peter give;
-'Tis that he sent me of the duke's return:
-Say, by this token, I desire his company
-At Mariana's house to-night. Her cause and yours
-I'll perfect him withal, and he shall bring you
-Before the duke, and to the head of Angelo
-Accuse him home and home. For my poor self,
-I am combined by a sacred vow
-And shall be absent. Wend you with this letter:
-Command these fretting waters from your eyes
-With a light heart; trust not my holy order,
-If I pervert your course. Who's here?
-
-LUCIO:
-Good even. Friar, where's the provost?
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Not within, sir.
-
-LUCIO:
-O pretty Isabella, I am pale at mine heart to see
-thine eyes so red: thou must be patient. I am fain
-to dine and sup with water and bran; I dare not for
-my head fill my belly; one fruitful meal would set
-me to 't. But they say the duke will be here
-to-morrow. By my troth, Isabel, I loved thy brother:
-if the old fantastical duke of dark corners had been
-at home, he had lived.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Sir, the duke is marvellous little beholding to your
-reports; but the best is, he lives not in them.
-
-LUCIO:
-Friar, thou knowest not the duke so well as I do:
-he's a better woodman than thou takest him for.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Well, you'll answer this one day. Fare ye well.
-
-LUCIO:
-Nay, tarry; I'll go along with thee
-I can tell thee pretty tales of the duke.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-You have told me too many of him already, sir, if
-they be true; if not true, none were enough.
-
-LUCIO:
-I was once before him for getting a wench with child.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Did you such a thing?
-
-LUCIO:
-Yes, marry, did I but I was fain to forswear it;
-they would else have married me to the rotten medlar.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Sir, your company is fairer than honest. Rest you well.
-
-LUCIO:
-By my troth, I'll go with thee to the lane's end:
-if bawdy talk offend you, we'll have very little of
-it. Nay, friar, I am a kind of burr; I shall stick.
-
-ESCALUS:
-Every letter he hath writ hath disvouched other.
-
-ANGELO:
-In most uneven and distracted manner. His actions
-show much like to madness: pray heaven his wisdom be
-not tainted! And why meet him at the gates, and
-redeliver our authorities there
-
-ESCALUS:
-I guess not.
-
-ANGELO:
-And why should we proclaim it in an hour before his
-entering, that if any crave redress of injustice,
-they should exhibit their petitions in the street?
-
-ESCALUS:
-He shows his reason for that: to have a dispatch of
-complaints, and to deliver us from devices
-hereafter, which shall then have no power to stand
-against us.
-
-ANGELO:
-Well, I beseech you, let it be proclaimed betimes
-i' the morn; I'll call you at your house: give
-notice to such men of sort and suit as are to meet
-him.
-
-ESCALUS:
-I shall, sir. Fare you well.
-
-ANGELO:
-Good night.
-This deed unshapes me quite, makes me unpregnant
-And dull to all proceedings. A deflower'd maid!
-And by an eminent body that enforced
-The law against it! But that her tender shame
-Will not proclaim against her maiden loss,
-How might she tongue me! Yet reason dares her no;
-For my authority bears of a credent bulk,
-That no particular scandal once can touch
-But it confounds the breather. He should have lived,
-Save that riotous youth, with dangerous sense,
-Might in the times to come have ta'en revenge,
-By so receiving a dishonour'd life
-With ransom of such shame. Would yet he had lived!
-A lack, when once our grace we have forgot,
-Nothing goes right: we would, and we would not.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-These letters at fit time deliver me
-The provost knows our purpose and our plot.
-The matter being afoot, keep your instruction,
-And hold you ever to our special drift;
-Though sometimes you do blench from this to that,
-As cause doth minister. Go call at Flavius' house,
-And tell him where I stay: give the like notice
-To Valentinus, Rowland, and to Crassus,
-And bid them bring the trumpets to the gate;
-But send me Flavius first.
-
-FRIAR PETER:
-It shall be speeded well.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-I thank thee, Varrius; thou hast made good haste:
-Come, we will walk. There's other of our friends
-Will greet us here anon, my gentle Varrius.
-
-ISABELLA:
-To speak so indirectly I am loath:
-I would say the truth; but to accuse him so,
-That is your part: yet I am advised to do it;
-He says, to veil full purpose.
-
-MARIANA:
-Be ruled by him.
-
-ISABELLA:
-Besides, he tells me that, if peradventure
-He speak against me on the adverse side,
-I should not think it strange; for 'tis a physic
-That's bitter to sweet end.
-
-MARIANA:
-I would Friar Peter--
-
-ISABELLA:
-O, peace! the friar is come.
-
-FRIAR PETER:
-Come, I have found you out a stand most fit,
-Where you may have such vantage on the duke,
-He shall not pass you. Twice have the trumpets sounded;
-The generous and gravest citizens
-Have hent the gates, and very near upon
-The duke is entering: therefore, hence, away!
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-My very worthy cousin, fairly met!
-Our old and faithful friend, we are glad to see you.
-
-ANGELO:
-Happy return be to your royal grace!
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Many and hearty thankings to you both.
-We have made inquiry of you; and we hear
-Such goodness of your justice, that our soul
-Cannot but yield you forth to public thanks,
-Forerunning more requital.
-
-ANGELO:
-You make my bonds still greater.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-O, your desert speaks loud; and I should wrong it,
-To lock it in the wards of covert bosom,
-When it deserves, with characters of brass,
-A forted residence 'gainst the tooth of time
-And razure of oblivion. Give me your hand,
-And let the subject see, to make them know
-That outward courtesies would fain proclaim
-Favours that keep within. Come, Escalus,
-You must walk by us on our other hand;
-And good supporters are you.
-
-FRIAR PETER:
-Now is your time: speak loud and kneel before him.
-
-ISABELLA:
-Justice, O royal duke! Vail your regard
-Upon a wrong'd, I would fain have said, a maid!
-O worthy prince, dishonour not your eye
-By throwing it on any other object
-Till you have heard me in my true complaint
-And given me justice, justice, justice, justice!
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Relate your wrongs; in what? by whom? be brief.
-Here is Lord Angelo shall give you justice:
-Reveal yourself to him.
-
-ISABELLA:
-O worthy duke,
-You bid me seek redemption of the devil:
-Hear me yourself; for that which I must speak
-Must either punish me, not being believed,
-Or wring redress from you. Hear me, O hear me, here!
-
-ANGELO:
-My lord, her wits, I fear me, are not firm:
-She hath been a suitor to me for her brother
-Cut off by course of justice,--
-
-ISABELLA:
-By course of justice!
-
-ANGELO:
-And she will speak most bitterly and strange.
-
-ISABELLA:
-Most strange, but yet most truly, will I speak:
-That Angelo's forsworn; is it not strange?
-That Angelo's a murderer; is 't not strange?
-That Angelo is an adulterous thief,
-An hypocrite, a virgin-violator;
-Is it not strange and strange?
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Nay, it is ten times strange.
-
-ISABELLA:
-It is not truer he is Angelo
-Than this is all as true as it is strange:
-Nay, it is ten times true; for truth is truth
-To the end of reckoning.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Away with her! Poor soul,
-She speaks this in the infirmity of sense.
-
-ISABELLA:
-O prince, I conjure thee, as thou believest
-There is another comfort than this world,
-That thou neglect me not, with that opinion
-That I am touch'd with madness! Make not impossible
-That which but seems unlike: 'tis not impossible
-But one, the wicked'st caitiff on the ground,
-May seem as shy, as grave, as just, as absolute
-As Angelo; even so may Angelo,
-In all his dressings, characts, titles, forms,
-Be an arch-villain; believe it, royal prince:
-If he be less, he's nothing; but he's more,
-Had I more name for badness.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-By mine honesty,
-If she be mad,--as I believe no other,--
-Her madness hath the oddest frame of sense,
-Such a dependency of thing on thing,
-As e'er I heard in madness.
-
-ISABELLA:
-O gracious duke,
-Harp not on that, nor do not banish reason
-For inequality; but let your reason serve
-To make the truth appear where it seems hid,
-And hide the false seems true.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Many that are not mad
-Have, sure, more lack of reason. What would you say?
-
-ISABELLA:
-I am the sister of one Claudio,
-Condemn'd upon the act of fornication
-To lose his head; condemn'd by Angelo:
-I, in probation of a sisterhood,
-Was sent to by my brother; one Lucio
-As then the messenger,--
-
-LUCIO:
-That's I, an't like your grace:
-I came to her from Claudio, and desired her
-To try her gracious fortune with Lord Angelo
-For her poor brother's pardon.
-
-ISABELLA:
-That's he indeed.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-You were not bid to speak.
-
-LUCIO:
-No, my good lord;
-Nor wish'd to hold my peace.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-I wish you now, then;
-Pray you, take note of it: and when you have
-A business for yourself, pray heaven you then
-Be perfect.
-
-LUCIO:
-I warrant your honour.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-The warrants for yourself; take heed to't.
-
-ISABELLA:
-This gentleman told somewhat of my tale,--
-
-LUCIO:
-Right.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-It may be right; but you are i' the wrong
-To speak before your time. Proceed.
-
-ISABELLA:
-I went
-To this pernicious caitiff deputy,--
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-That's somewhat madly spoken.
-
-ISABELLA:
-Pardon it;
-The phrase is to the matter.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Mended again. The matter; proceed.
-
-ISABELLA:
-In brief, to set the needless process by,
-How I persuaded, how I pray'd, and kneel'd,
-How he refell'd me, and how I replied,--
-For this was of much length,--the vile conclusion
-I now begin with grief and shame to utter:
-He would not, but by gift of my chaste body
-To his concupiscible intemperate lust,
-Release my brother; and, after much debatement,
-My sisterly remorse confutes mine honour,
-And I did yield to him: but the next morn betimes,
-His purpose surfeiting, he sends a warrant
-For my poor brother's head.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-This is most likely!
-
-ISABELLA:
-O, that it were as like as it is true!
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-By heaven, fond wretch, thou knowist not what thou speak'st,
-Or else thou art suborn'd against his honour
-In hateful practise. First, his integrity
-Stands without blemish. Next, it imports no reason
-That with such vehemency he should pursue
-Faults proper to himself: if he had so offended,
-He would have weigh'd thy brother by himself
-And not have cut him off. Some one hath set you on:
-Confess the truth, and say by whose advice
-Thou camest here to complain.
-
-ISABELLA:
-And is this all?
-Then, O you blessed ministers above,
-Keep me in patience, and with ripen'd time
-Unfold the evil which is here wrapt up
-In countenance! Heaven shield your grace from woe,
-As I, thus wrong'd, hence unbelieved go!
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-I know you'ld fain be gone. An officer!
-To prison with her! Shall we thus permit
-A blasting and a scandalous breath to fall
-On him so near us? This needs must be a practise.
-Who knew of Your intent and coming hither?
-
-ISABELLA:
-One that I would were here, Friar Lodowick.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-A ghostly father, belike. Who knows that Lodowick?
-
-LUCIO:
-My lord, I know him; 'tis a meddling friar;
-I do not like the man: had he been lay, my lord
-For certain words he spake against your grace
-In your retirement, I had swinged him soundly.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Words against me? this is a good friar, belike!
-And to set on this wretched woman here
-Against our substitute! Let this friar be found.
-
-LUCIO:
-But yesternight, my lord, she and that friar,
-I saw them at the prison: a saucy friar,
-A very scurvy fellow.
-
-FRIAR PETER:
-Blessed be your royal grace!
-I have stood by, my lord, and I have heard
-Your royal ear abused. First, hath this woman
-Most wrongfully accused your substitute,
-Who is as free from touch or soil with her
-As she from one ungot.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-We did believe no less.
-Know you that Friar Lodowick that she speaks of?
-
-FRIAR PETER:
-I know him for a man divine and holy;
-Not scurvy, nor a temporary meddler,
-As he's reported by this gentleman;
-And, on my trust, a man that never yet
-Did, as he vouches, misreport your grace.
-
-LUCIO:
-My lord, most villanously; believe it.
-
-FRIAR PETER:
-Well, he in time may come to clear himself;
-But at this instant he is sick my lord,
-Of a strange fever. Upon his mere request,
-Being come to knowledge that there was complaint
-Intended 'gainst Lord Angelo, came I hither,
-To speak, as from his mouth, what he doth know
-Is true and false; and what he with his oath
-And all probation will make up full clear,
-Whensoever he's convented. First, for this woman.
-To justify this worthy nobleman,
-So vulgarly and personally accused,
-Her shall you hear disproved to her eyes,
-Till she herself confess it.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Good friar, let's hear it.
-Do you not smile at this, Lord Angelo?
-O heaven, the vanity of wretched fools!
-Give us some seats. Come, cousin Angelo;
-In this I'll be impartial; be you judge
-Of your own cause. Is this the witness, friar?
-First, let her show her face, and after speak.
-
-MARIANA:
-Pardon, my lord; I will not show my face
-Until my husband bid me.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-What, are you married?
-
-MARIANA:
-No, my lord.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Are you a maid?
-
-MARIANA:
-No, my lord.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-A widow, then?
-
-MARIANA:
-Neither, my lord.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Why, you are nothing then: neither maid, widow, nor wife?
-
-LUCIO:
-My lord, she may be a punk; for many of them are
-neither maid, widow, nor wife.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Silence that fellow: I would he had some cause
-To prattle for himself.
-
-LUCIO:
-Well, my lord.
-
-MARIANA:
-My lord; I do confess I ne'er was married;
-And I confess besides I am no maid:
-I have known my husband; yet my husband
-Knows not that ever he knew me.
-
-LUCIO:
-He was drunk then, my lord: it can be no better.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-For the benefit of silence, would thou wert so too!
-
-LUCIO:
-Well, my lord.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-This is no witness for Lord Angelo.
-
-MARIANA:
-Now I come to't my lord
-She that accuses him of fornication,
-In self-same manner doth accuse my husband,
-And charges him my lord, with such a time
-When I'll depose I had him in mine arms
-With all the effect of love.
-
-ANGELO:
-Charges she more than me?
-
-MARIANA:
-Not that I know.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-No? you say your husband.
-
-MARIANA:
-Why, just, my lord, and that is Angelo,
-Who thinks he knows that he ne'er knew my body,
-But knows he thinks that he knows Isabel's.
-
-ANGELO:
-This is a strange abuse. Let's see thy face.
-
-MARIANA:
-My husband bids me; now I will unmask.
-This is that face, thou cruel Angelo,
-Which once thou sworest was worth the looking on;
-This is the hand which, with a vow'd contract,
-Was fast belock'd in thine; this is the body
-That took away the match from Isabel,
-And did supply thee at thy garden-house
-In her imagined person.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Know you this woman?
-
-LUCIO:
-Carnally, she says.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Sirrah, no more!
-
-LUCIO:
-Enough, my lord.
-
-ANGELO:
-My lord, I must confess I know this woman:
-And five years since there was some speech of marriage
-Betwixt myself and her; which was broke off,
-Partly for that her promised proportions
-Came short of composition, but in chief
-For that her reputation was disvalued
-In levity: since which time of five years
-I never spake with her, saw her, nor heard from her,
-Upon my faith and honour.
-
-MARIANA:
-Noble prince,
-As there comes light from heaven and words from breath,
-As there is sense in truth and truth in virtue,
-I am affianced this man's wife as strongly
-As words could make up vows: and, my good lord,
-But Tuesday night last gone in's garden-house
-He knew me as a wife. As this is true,
-Let me in safety raise me from my knees
-Or else for ever be confixed here,
-A marble monument!
-
-ANGELO:
-I did but smile till now:
-Now, good my lord, give me the scope of justice
-My patience here is touch'd. I do perceive
-These poor informal women are no more
-But instruments of some more mightier member
-That sets them on: let me have way, my lord,
-To find this practise out.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Ay, with my heart
-And punish them to your height of pleasure.
-Thou foolish friar, and thou pernicious woman,
-Compact with her that's gone, think'st thou thy oaths,
-Though they would swear down each particular saint,
-Were testimonies against his worth and credit
-That's seal'd in approbation? You, Lord Escalus,
-Sit with my cousin; lend him your kind pains
-To find out this abuse, whence 'tis derived.
-There is another friar that set them on;
-Let him be sent for.
-
-FRIAR PETER:
-Would he were here, my lord! for he indeed
-Hath set the women on to this complaint:
-Your provost knows the place where he abides
-And he may fetch him.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Go do it instantly.
-And you, my noble and well-warranted cousin,
-Whom it concerns to hear this matter forth,
-Do with your injuries as seems you best,
-In any chastisement: I for a while will leave you;
-But stir not you till you have well determined
-Upon these slanderers.
-
-ESCALUS:
-My lord, we'll do it throughly.
-Signior Lucio, did not you say you knew that
-Friar Lodowick to be a dishonest person?
-
-LUCIO:
-'Cucullus non facit monachum:' honest in nothing
-but in his clothes; and one that hath spoke most
-villanous speeches of the duke.
-
-ESCALUS:
-We shall entreat you to abide here till he come and
-enforce them against him: we shall find this friar a
-notable fellow.
-
-LUCIO:
-As any in Vienna, on my word.
-
-ESCALUS:
-Call that same Isabel here once again; I would speak with her.
-Pray you, my lord, give me leave to question; you
-shall see how I'll handle her.
-
-LUCIO:
-Not better than he, by her own report.
-
-ESCALUS:
-Say you?
-
-LUCIO:
-Marry, sir, I think, if you handled her privately,
-she would sooner confess: perchance, publicly,
-she'll be ashamed.
-
-ESCALUS:
-I will go darkly to work with her.
-
-LUCIO:
-That's the way; for women are light at midnight.
-
-ESCALUS:
-Come on, mistress: here's a gentlewoman denies all
-that you have said.
-
-LUCIO:
-My lord, here comes the rascal I spoke of; here with
-the provost.
-
-ESCALUS:
-In very good time: speak not you to him till we
-call upon you.
-
-LUCIO:
-Mum.
-
-ESCALUS:
-Come, sir: did you set these women on to slander
-Lord Angelo? they have confessed you did.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-'Tis false.
-
-ESCALUS:
-How! know you where you are?
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Respect to your great place! and let the devil
-Be sometime honour'd for his burning throne!
-Where is the duke? 'tis he should hear me speak.
-
-ESCALUS:
-The duke's in us; and we will hear you speak:
-Look you speak justly.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Boldly, at least. But, O, poor souls,
-Come you to seek the lamb here of the fox?
-Good night to your redress! Is the duke gone?
-Then is your cause gone too. The duke's unjust,
-Thus to retort your manifest appeal,
-And put your trial in the villain's mouth
-Which here you come to accuse.
-
-LUCIO:
-This is the rascal; this is he I spoke of.
-
-ESCALUS:
-Why, thou unreverend and unhallow'd friar,
-Is't not enough thou hast suborn'd these women
-To accuse this worthy man, but, in foul mouth
-And in the witness of his proper ear,
-To call him villain? and then to glance from him
-To the duke himself, to tax him with injustice?
-Take him hence; to the rack with him! We'll touse you
-Joint by joint, but we will know his purpose.
-What 'unjust'!
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Be not so hot; the duke
-Dare no more stretch this finger of mine than he
-Dare rack his own: his subject am I not,
-Nor here provincial. My business in this state
-Made me a looker on here in Vienna,
-Where I have seen corruption boil and bubble
-Till it o'er-run the stew; laws for all faults,
-But faults so countenanced, that the strong statutes
-Stand like the forfeits in a barber's shop,
-As much in mock as mark.
-
-ESCALUS:
-Slander to the state! Away with him to prison!
-
-ANGELO:
-What can you vouch against him, Signior Lucio?
-Is this the man that you did tell us of?
-
-LUCIO:
-'Tis he, my lord. Come hither, goodman baldpate:
-do you know me?
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-I remember you, sir, by the sound of your voice: I
-met you at the prison, in the absence of the duke.
-
-LUCIO:
-O, did you so? And do you remember what you said of the duke?
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Most notedly, sir.
-
-LUCIO:
-Do you so, sir? And was the duke a fleshmonger, a
-fool, and a coward, as you then reported him to be?
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-You must, sir, change persons with me, ere you make
-that my report: you, indeed, spoke so of him; and
-much more, much worse.
-
-LUCIO:
-O thou damnable fellow! Did not I pluck thee by the
-nose for thy speeches?
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-I protest I love the duke as I love myself.
-
-ANGELO:
-Hark, how the villain would close now, after his
-treasonable abuses!
-
-ESCALUS:
-Such a fellow is not to be talked withal. Away with
-him to prison! Where is the provost? Away with him
-to prison! lay bolts enough upon him: let him
-speak no more. Away with those giglots too, and
-with the other confederate companion!
-
-ANGELO:
-What, resists he? Help him, Lucio.
-
-LUCIO:
-Come, sir; come, sir; come, sir; foh, sir! Why, you
-bald-pated, lying rascal, you must be hooded, must
-you? Show your knave's visage, with a pox to you!
-show your sheep-biting face, and be hanged an hour!
-Will't not off?
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Thou art the first knave that e'er madest a duke.
-First, provost, let me bail these gentle three.
-Sneak not away, sir; for the friar and you
-Must have a word anon. Lay hold on him.
-
-LUCIO:
-This may prove worse than hanging.
-
-ANGELO:
-O my dread lord,
-I should be guiltier than my guiltiness,
-To think I can be undiscernible,
-When I perceive your grace, like power divine,
-Hath look'd upon my passes. Then, good prince,
-No longer session hold upon my shame,
-But let my trial be mine own confession:
-Immediate sentence then and sequent death
-Is all the grace I beg.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Come hither, Mariana.
-Say, wast thou e'er contracted to this woman?
-
-ANGELO:
-I was, my lord.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Go take her hence, and marry her instantly.
-Do you the office, friar; which consummate,
-Return him here again. Go with him, provost.
-
-ESCALUS:
-My lord, I am more amazed at his dishonour
-Than at the strangeness of it.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Come hither, Isabel.
-Your friar is now your prince: as I was then
-Advertising and holy to your business,
-Not changing heart with habit, I am still
-Attorney'd at your service.
-
-ISABELLA:
-O, give me pardon,
-That I, your vassal, have employ'd and pain'd
-Your unknown sovereignty!
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-You are pardon'd, Isabel:
-And now, dear maid, be you as free to us.
-Your brother's death, I know, sits at your heart;
-And you may marvel why I obscured myself,
-Labouring to save his life, and would not rather
-Make rash remonstrance of my hidden power
-Than let him so be lost. O most kind maid,
-It was the swift celerity of his death,
-Which I did think with slower foot came on,
-That brain'd my purpose. But, peace be with him!
-That life is better life, past fearing death,
-Than that which lives to fear: make it your comfort,
-So happy is your brother.
-
-ISABELLA:
-I do, my lord.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-For this new-married man approaching here,
-Whose salt imagination yet hath wrong'd
-Your well defended honour, you must pardon
-For Mariana's sake: but as he adjudged your brother,--
-Being criminal, in double violation
-Of sacred chastity and of promise-breach
-Thereon dependent, for your brother's life,--
-The very mercy of the law cries out
-Most audible, even from his proper tongue,
-'An Angelo for Claudio, death for death!'
-Haste still pays haste, and leisure answers leisure;
-Like doth quit like, and MEASURE still FOR MEASURE.
-Then, Angelo, thy fault's thus manifested;
-Which, though thou wouldst deny, denies thee vantage.
-We do condemn thee to the very block
-Where Claudio stoop'd to death, and with like haste.
-Away with him!
-
-MARIANA:
-O my most gracious lord,
-I hope you will not mock me with a husband.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-It is your husband mock'd you with a husband.
-Consenting to the safeguard of your honour,
-I thought your marriage fit; else imputation,
-For that he knew you, might reproach your life
-And choke your good to come; for his possessions,
-Although by confiscation they are ours,
-We do instate and widow you withal,
-To buy you a better husband.
-
-MARIANA:
-O my dear lord,
-I crave no other, nor no better man.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Never crave him; we are definitive.
-
-MARIANA:
-Gentle my liege,--
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-You do but lose your labour.
-Away with him to death!
-Now, sir, to you.
-
-MARIANA:
-O my good lord! Sweet Isabel, take my part;
-Lend me your knees, and all my life to come
-I'll lend you all my life to do you service.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Against all sense you do importune her:
-Should she kneel down in mercy of this fact,
-Her brother's ghost his paved bed would break,
-And take her hence in horror.
-
-MARIANA:
-Isabel,
-Sweet Isabel, do yet but kneel by me;
-Hold up your hands, say nothing; I'll speak all.
-They say, best men are moulded out of faults;
-And, for the most, become much more the better
-For being a little bad: so may my husband.
-O Isabel, will you not lend a knee?
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-He dies for Claudio's death.
-
-ISABELLA:
-Most bounteous sir,
-Look, if it please you, on this man condemn'd,
-As if my brother lived: I partly think
-A due sincerity govern'd his deeds,
-Till he did look on me: since it is so,
-Let him not die. My brother had but justice,
-In that he did the thing for which he died:
-For Angelo,
-His act did not o'ertake his bad intent,
-And must be buried but as an intent
-That perish'd by the way: thoughts are no subjects;
-Intents but merely thoughts.
-
-MARIANA:
-Merely, my lord.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Your suit's unprofitable; stand up, I say.
-I have bethought me of another fault.
-Provost, how came it Claudio was beheaded
-At an unusual hour?
-
-Provost:
-It was commanded so.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Had you a special warrant for the deed?
-
-Provost:
-No, my good lord; it was by private message.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-For which I do discharge you of your office:
-Give up your keys.
-
-Provost:
-Pardon me, noble lord:
-I thought it was a fault, but knew it not;
-Yet did repent me, after more advice;
-For testimony whereof, one in the prison,
-That should by private order else have died,
-I have reserved alive.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-What's he?
-
-Provost:
-His name is Barnardine.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-I would thou hadst done so by Claudio.
-Go fetch him hither; let me look upon him.
-
-ESCALUS:
-I am sorry, one so learned and so wise
-As you, Lord Angelo, have still appear'd,
-Should slip so grossly, both in the heat of blood.
-And lack of temper'd judgment afterward.
-
-ANGELO:
-I am sorry that such sorrow I procure:
-And so deep sticks it in my penitent heart
-That I crave death more willingly than mercy;
-'Tis my deserving, and I do entreat it.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Which is that Barnardine?
-
-Provost:
-This, my lord.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-There was a friar told me of this man.
-Sirrah, thou art said to have a stubborn soul.
-That apprehends no further than this world,
-And squarest thy life according. Thou'rt condemn'd:
-But, for those earthly faults, I quit them all;
-And pray thee take this mercy to provide
-For better times to come. Friar, advise him;
-I leave him to your hand. What muffled fellow's that?
-
-Provost:
-This is another prisoner that I saved.
-Who should have died when Claudio lost his head;
-As like almost to Claudio as himself.
-
-LUCIO:
-'Faith, my lord. I spoke it but according to the
-trick. If you will hang me for it, you may; but I
-had rather it would please you I might be whipt.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Whipt first, sir, and hanged after.
-Proclaim it, provost, round about the city.
-Is any woman wrong'd by this lewd fellow,
-As I have heard him swear himself there's one
-Whom he begot with child, let her appear,
-And he shall marry her: the nuptial finish'd,
-Let him be whipt and hang'd.
-
-LUCIO:
-I beseech your highness, do not marry me to a whore.
-Your highness said even now, I made you a duke:
-good my lord, do not recompense me in making me a cuckold.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Upon mine honour, thou shalt marry her.
-Thy slanders I forgive; and therewithal
-Remit thy other forfeits. Take him to prison;
-And see our pleasure herein executed.
-
-LUCIO:
-Marrying a punk, my lord, is pressing to death,
-whipping, and hanging.
-
-DUKE VINCENTIO:
-Slandering a prince deserves it.
-She, Claudio, that you wrong'd, look you restore.
-Joy to you, Mariana! Love her, Angelo:
-I have confess'd her and I know her virtue.
-Thanks, good friend Escalus, for thy much goodness:
-There's more behind that is more gratulate.
-Thanks, provost, for thy care and secrecy:
-We shill employ thee in a worthier place.
-Forgive him, Angelo, that brought you home
-The head of Ragozine for Claudio's:
-The offence pardons itself. Dear Isabel,
-I have a motion much imports your good;
-Whereto if you'll a willing ear incline,
-What's mine is yours and what is yours is mine.
-So, bring us to our palace; where we'll show
-What's yet behind, that's meet you all should know.
-
-SLY:
-I'll pheeze you, in faith.
-
-Hostess:
-A pair of stocks, you rogue!
-
-SLY:
-Ye are a baggage: the Slys are no rogues; look in
-the chronicles; we came in with Richard Conqueror.
-Therefore paucas pallabris; let the world slide: sessa!
-
-Hostess:
-You will not pay for the glasses you have burst?
-
-SLY:
-No, not a denier. Go by, Jeronimy: go to thy cold
-bed, and warm thee.
-
-Hostess:
-I know my remedy; I must go fetch the
-third--borough.
-
-SLY:
-Third, or fourth, or fifth borough, I'll answer him
-by law: I'll not budge an inch, boy: let him come,
-and kindly.
-
-Lord:
-Huntsman, I charge thee, tender well my hounds:
-Brach Merriman, the poor cur is emboss'd;
-And couple Clowder with the deep--mouth'd brach.
-Saw'st thou not, boy, how Silver made it good
-At the hedge-corner, in the coldest fault?
-I would not lose the dog for twenty pound.
-
-First Huntsman:
-Why, Belman is as good as he, my lord;
-He cried upon it at the merest loss
-And twice to-day pick'd out the dullest scent:
-Trust me, I take him for the better dog.
-
-Lord:
-Thou art a fool: if Echo were as fleet,
-I would esteem him worth a dozen such.
-But sup them well and look unto them all:
-To-morrow I intend to hunt again.
-
-First Huntsman:
-I will, my lord.
-
-Lord:
-What's here? one dead, or drunk? See, doth he breathe?
-
-Second Huntsman:
-He breathes, my lord. Were he not warm'd with ale,
-This were a bed but cold to sleep so soundly.
-
-Lord:
-O monstrous beast! how like a swine he lies!
-Grim death, how foul and loathsome is thine image!
-Sirs, I will practise on this drunken man.
-What think you, if he were convey'd to bed,
-Wrapp'd in sweet clothes, rings put upon his fingers,
-A most delicious banquet by his bed,
-And brave attendants near him when he wakes,
-Would not the beggar then forget himself?
-
-First Huntsman:
-Believe me, lord, I think he cannot choose.
-
-Second Huntsman:
-It would seem strange unto him when he waked.
-
-Lord:
-Even as a flattering dream or worthless fancy.
-Then take him up and manage well the jest:
-Carry him gently to my fairest chamber
-And hang it round with all my wanton pictures:
-Balm his foul head in warm distilled waters
-And burn sweet wood to make the lodging sweet:
-Procure me music ready when he wakes,
-To make a dulcet and a heavenly sound;
-And if he chance to speak, be ready straight
-And with a low submissive reverence
-Say 'What is it your honour will command?'
-Let one attend him with a silver basin
-Full of rose-water and bestrew'd with flowers,
-Another bear the ewer, the third a diaper,
-And say 'Will't please your lordship cool your hands?'
-Some one be ready with a costly suit
-And ask him what apparel he will wear;
-Another tell him of his hounds and horse,
-And that his lady mourns at his disease:
-Persuade him that he hath been lunatic;
-And when he says he is, say that he dreams,
-For he is nothing but a mighty lord.
-This do and do it kindly, gentle sirs:
-It will be pastime passing excellent,
-If it be husbanded with modesty.
-
-First Huntsman:
-My lord, I warrant you we will play our part,
-As he shall think by our true diligence
-He is no less than what we say he is.
-
-Lord:
-Take him up gently and to bed with him;
-And each one to his office when he wakes.
-Sirrah, go see what trumpet 'tis that sounds:
-Belike, some noble gentleman that means,
-Travelling some journey, to repose him here.
-How now! who is it?
-
-Servant:
-An't please your honour, players
-That offer service to your lordship.
-
-Lord:
-Bid them come near.
-Now, fellows, you are welcome.
-
-Players:
-We thank your honour.
-
-Lord:
-Do you intend to stay with me tonight?
-
-A Player:
-So please your lordship to accept our duty.
-
-Lord:
-With all my heart. This fellow I remember,
-Since once he play'd a farmer's eldest son:
-'Twas where you woo'd the gentlewoman so well:
-I have forgot your name; but, sure, that part
-Was aptly fitted and naturally perform'd.
-
-A Player:
-I think 'twas Soto that your honour means.
-
-Lord:
-'Tis very true: thou didst it excellent.
-Well, you are come to me in a happy time;
-The rather for I have some sport in hand
-Wherein your cunning can assist me much.
-There is a lord will hear you play to-night:
-But I am doubtful of your modesties;
-Lest over-eyeing of his odd behavior,--
-For yet his honour never heard a play--
-You break into some merry passion
-And so offend him; for I tell you, sirs,
-If you should smile he grows impatient.
-
-A Player:
-Fear not, my lord: we can contain ourselves,
-Were he the veriest antic in the world.
-
-Lord:
-Go, sirrah, take them to the buttery,
-And give them friendly welcome every one:
-Let them want nothing that my house affords.
-Sirrah, go you to Barthol'mew my page,
-And see him dress'd in all suits like a lady:
-That done, conduct him to the drunkard's chamber;
-And call him 'madam,' do him obeisance.
-Tell him from me, as he will win my love,
-He bear himself with honourable action,
-Such as he hath observed in noble ladies
-Unto their lords, by them accomplished:
-Such duty to the drunkard let him do
-With soft low tongue and lowly courtesy,
-And say 'What is't your honour will command,
-Wherein your lady and your humble wife
-May show her duty and make known her love?'
-And then with kind embracements, tempting kisses,
-And with declining head into his bosom,
-Bid him shed tears, as being overjoy'd
-To see her noble lord restored to health,
-Who for this seven years hath esteem'd him
-No better than a poor and loathsome beggar:
-And if the boy have not a woman's gift
-To rain a shower of commanded tears,
-An onion will do well for such a shift,
-Which in a napkin being close convey'd
-Shall in despite enforce a watery eye.
-See this dispatch'd with all the haste thou canst:
-Anon I'll give thee more instructions.
-I know the boy will well usurp the grace,
-Voice, gait and action of a gentlewoman:
-I long to hear him call the drunkard husband,
-And how my men will stay themselves from laughter
-When they do homage to this simple peasant.
-I'll in to counsel them; haply my presence
-May well abate the over-merry spleen
-Which otherwise would grow into extremes.
-
-SLY:
-For God's sake, a pot of small ale.
-
-First Servant:
-Will't please your lordship drink a cup of sack?
-
-Second Servant:
-Will't please your honour taste of these conserves?
-
-Third Servant:
-What raiment will your honour wear to-day?
-
-SLY:
-I am Christophero Sly; call not me 'honour' nor
-'lordship:' I ne'er drank sack in my life; and if
-you give me any conserves, give me conserves of
-beef: ne'er ask me what raiment I'll wear; for I
-have no more doublets than backs, no more stockings
-than legs, nor no more shoes than feet; nay,
-sometimes more feet than shoes, or such shoes as my
-toes look through the over-leather.
-
-Lord:
-Heaven cease this idle humour in your honour!
-O, that a mighty man of such descent,
-Of such possessions and so high esteem,
-Should be infused with so foul a spirit!
-
-SLY:
-What, would you make me mad? Am not I Christopher
-Sly, old Sly's son of Burtonheath, by birth a
-pedlar, by education a cardmaker, by transmutation a
-bear-herd, and now by present profession a tinker?
-Ask Marian Hacket, the fat ale-wife of Wincot, if
-she know me not: if she say I am not fourteen pence
-on the score for sheer ale, score me up for the
-lyingest knave in Christendom. What! I am not
-bestraught: here's--
-
-Third Servant:
-O, this it is that makes your lady mourn!
-
-Second Servant:
-O, this is it that makes your servants droop!
-
-Lord:
-Hence comes it that your kindred shuns your house,
-As beaten hence by your strange lunacy.
-O noble lord, bethink thee of thy birth,
-Call home thy ancient thoughts from banishment
-And banish hence these abject lowly dreams.
-Look how thy servants do attend on thee,
-Each in his office ready at thy beck.
-Wilt thou have music? hark! Apollo plays,
-And twenty caged nightingales do sing:
-Or wilt thou sleep? we'll have thee to a couch
-Softer and sweeter than the lustful bed
-On purpose trimm'd up for Semiramis.
-Say thou wilt walk; we will bestrew the ground:
-Or wilt thou ride? thy horses shall be trapp'd,
-Their harness studded all with gold and pearl.
-Dost thou love hawking? thou hast hawks will soar
-Above the morning lark or wilt thou hunt?
-Thy hounds shall make the welkin answer them
-And fetch shrill echoes from the hollow earth.
-
-First Servant:
-Say thou wilt course; thy greyhounds are as swift
-As breathed stags, ay, fleeter than the roe.
-
-Second Servant:
-Dost thou love pictures? we will fetch thee straight
-Adonis painted by a running brook,
-And Cytherea all in sedges hid,
-Which seem to move and wanton with her breath,
-Even as the waving sedges play with wind.
-
-Lord:
-We'll show thee Io as she was a maid,
-And how she was beguiled and surprised,
-As lively painted as the deed was done.
-
-Third Servant:
-Or Daphne roaming through a thorny wood,
-Scratching her legs that one shall swear she bleeds,
-And at that sight shall sad Apollo weep,
-So workmanly the blood and tears are drawn.
-
-Lord:
-Thou art a lord, and nothing but a lord:
-Thou hast a lady far more beautiful
-Than any woman in this waning age.
-
-First Servant:
-And till the tears that she hath shed for thee
-Like envious floods o'er-run her lovely face,
-She was the fairest creature in the world;
-And yet she is inferior to none.
-
-SLY:
-Am I a lord? and have I such a lady?
-Or do I dream? or have I dream'd till now?
-I do not sleep: I see, I hear, I speak;
-I smell sweet savours and I feel soft things:
-Upon my life, I am a lord indeed
-And not a tinker nor Christophero Sly.
-Well, bring our lady hither to our sight;
-And once again, a pot o' the smallest ale.
-
-Second Servant:
-Will't please your mightiness to wash your hands?
-O, how we joy to see your wit restored!
-O, that once more you knew but what you are!
-These fifteen years you have been in a dream;
-Or when you waked, so waked as if you slept.
-
-SLY:
-These fifteen years! by my fay, a goodly nap.
-But did I never speak of all that time?
-
-First Servant:
-O, yes, my lord, but very idle words:
-For though you lay here in this goodly chamber,
-Yet would you say ye were beaten out of door;
-And rail upon the hostess of the house;
-And say you would present her at the leet,
-Because she brought stone jugs and no seal'd quarts:
-Sometimes you would call out for Cicely Hacket.
-
-SLY:
-Ay, the woman's maid of the house.
-
-Third Servant:
-Why, sir, you know no house nor no such maid,
-Nor no such men as you have reckon'd up,
-As Stephen Sly and did John Naps of Greece
-And Peter Turph and Henry Pimpernell
-And twenty more such names and men as these
-Which never were nor no man ever saw.
-
-SLY:
-Now Lord be thanked for my good amends!
-
-ALL:
-Amen.
-
-SLY:
-I thank thee: thou shalt not lose by it.
-
-Page:
-How fares my noble lord?
-
-SLY:
-Marry, I fare well for here is cheer enough.
-Where is my wife?
-
-Page:
-Here, noble lord: what is thy will with her?
-
-SLY:
-Are you my wife and will not call me husband?
-My men should call me 'lord:' I am your goodman.
-
-Page:
-My husband and my lord, my lord and husband;
-I am your wife in all obedience.
-
-SLY:
-I know it well. What must I call her?
-
-Lord:
-Madam.
-
-SLY:
-Al'ce madam, or Joan madam?
-
-Lord:
-'Madam,' and nothing else: so lords
-call ladies.
-
-SLY:
-Madam wife, they say that I have dream'd
-And slept above some fifteen year or more.
-
-Page:
-Ay, and the time seems thirty unto me,
-Being all this time abandon'd from your bed.
-
-SLY:
-'Tis much. Servants, leave me and her alone.
-Madam, undress you and come now to bed.
-
-Page:
-Thrice noble lord, let me entreat of you
-To pardon me yet for a night or two,
-Or, if not so, until the sun be set:
-For your physicians have expressly charged,
-In peril to incur your former malady,
-That I should yet absent me from your bed:
-I hope this reason stands for my excuse.
-
-SLY:
-Ay, it stands so that I may hardly
-tarry so long. But I would be loath to fall into
-my dreams again: I will therefore tarry in
-despite of the flesh and the blood.
-
-Messenger:
-Your honour's players, heating your amendment,
-Are come to play a pleasant comedy;
-For so your doctors hold it very meet,
-Seeing too much sadness hath congeal'd your blood,
-And melancholy is the nurse of frenzy:
-Therefore they thought it good you hear a play
-And frame your mind to mirth and merriment,
-Which bars a thousand harms and lengthens life.
-
-SLY:
-Marry, I will, let them play it. Is not a
-comondy a Christmas gambold or a tumbling-trick?
-
-Page:
-No, my good lord; it is more pleasing stuff.
-
-SLY:
-What, household stuff?
-
-Page:
-It is a kind of history.
-
-SLY:
-Well, well see't. Come, madam wife, sit by my side
-and let the world slip: we shall ne'er be younger.
-
-LUCENTIO:
-Tranio, since for the great desire I had
-To see fair Padua, nursery of arts,
-I am arrived for fruitful Lombardy,
-The pleasant garden of great Italy;
-And by my father's love and leave am arm'd
-With his good will and thy good company,
-My trusty servant, well approved in all,
-Here let us breathe and haply institute
-A course of learning and ingenious studies.
-Pisa renown'd for grave citizens
-Gave me my being and my father first,
-A merchant of great traffic through the world,
-Vincetino come of Bentivolii.
-Vincetino's son brought up in Florence
-It shall become to serve all hopes conceived,
-To deck his fortune with his virtuous deeds:
-And therefore, Tranio, for the time I study,
-Virtue and that part of philosophy
-Will I apply that treats of happiness
-By virtue specially to be achieved.
-Tell me thy mind; for I have Pisa left
-And am to Padua come, as he that leaves
-A shallow plash to plunge him in the deep
-And with satiety seeks to quench his thirst.
-
-TRANIO:
-Mi perdonato, gentle master mine,
-I am in all affected as yourself;
-Glad that you thus continue your resolve
-To suck the sweets of sweet philosophy.
-Only, good master, while we do admire
-This virtue and this moral discipline,
-Let's be no stoics nor no stocks, I pray;
-Or so devote to Aristotle's cheques
-As Ovid be an outcast quite abjured:
-Balk logic with acquaintance that you have
-And practise rhetoric in your common talk;
-Music and poesy use to quicken you;
-The mathematics and the metaphysics,
-Fall to them as you find your stomach serves you;
-No profit grows where is no pleasure ta'en:
-In brief, sir, study what you most affect.
-
-LUCENTIO:
-Gramercies, Tranio, well dost thou advise.
-If, Biondello, thou wert come ashore,
-We could at once put us in readiness,
-And take a lodging fit to entertain
-Such friends as time in Padua shall beget.
-But stay a while: what company is this?
-
-TRANIO:
-Master, some show to welcome us to town.
-
-BAPTISTA:
-Gentlemen, importune me no farther,
-For how I firmly am resolved you know;
-That is, not bestow my youngest daughter
-Before I have a husband for the elder:
-If either of you both love Katharina,
-Because I know you well and love you well,
-Leave shall you have to court her at your pleasure.
-
-KATHARINA:
-I pray you, sir, is it your will
-To make a stale of me amongst these mates?
-
-HORTENSIO:
-Mates, maid! how mean you that? no mates for you,
-Unless you were of gentler, milder mould.
-
-KATHARINA:
-I'faith, sir, you shall never need to fear:
-I wis it is not half way to her heart;
-But if it were, doubt not her care should be
-To comb your noddle with a three-legg'd stool
-And paint your face and use you like a fool.
-
-HORTENSIA:
-From all such devils, good Lord deliver us!
-
-GREMIO:
-And me too, good Lord!
-
-TRANIO:
-Hush, master! here's some good pastime toward:
-That wench is stark mad or wonderful froward.
-
-LUCENTIO:
-But in the other's silence do I see
-Maid's mild behavior and sobriety.
-Peace, Tranio!
-
-TRANIO:
-Well said, master; mum! and gaze your fill.
-
-BAPTISTA:
-Gentlemen, that I may soon make good
-What I have said, Bianca, get you in:
-And let it not displease thee, good Bianca,
-For I will love thee ne'er the less, my girl.
-
-KATHARINA:
-A pretty peat! it is best
-Put finger in the eye, an she knew why.
-
-BIANCA:
-Sister, content you in my discontent.
-Sir, to your pleasure humbly I subscribe:
-My books and instruments shall be my company,
-On them to took and practise by myself.
-
-LUCENTIO:
-Hark, Tranio! thou may'st hear Minerva speak.
-
-HORTENSIO:
-Signior Baptista, will you be so strange?
-Sorry am I that our good will effects
-Bianca's grief.
-
-GREMIO:
-Why will you mew her up,
-Signior Baptista, for this fiend of hell,
-And make her bear the penance of her tongue?
-
-BAPTISTA:
-Gentlemen, content ye; I am resolved:
-Go in, Bianca:
-And for I know she taketh most delight
-In music, instruments and poetry,
-Schoolmasters will I keep within my house,
-Fit to instruct her youth. If you, Hortensio,
-Or Signior Gremio, you, know any such,
-Prefer them hither; for to cunning men
-I will be very kind, and liberal
-To mine own children in good bringing up:
-And so farewell. Katharina, you may stay;
-For I have more to commune with Bianca.
-
-KATHARINA:
-Why, and I trust I may go too, may I not? What,
-shall I be appointed hours; as though, belike, I
-knew not what to take and what to leave, ha?
-
-GREMIO:
-You may go to the devil's dam: your gifts are so
-good, here's none will hold you. Their love is not
-so great, Hortensio, but we may blow our nails
-together, and fast it fairly out: our cakes dough on
-both sides. Farewell: yet for the love I bear my
-sweet Bianca, if I can by any means light on a fit
-man to teach her that wherein she delights, I will
-wish him to her father.
-
-HORTENSIO:
-So will I, Signior Gremio: but a word, I pray.
-Though the nature of our quarrel yet never brooked
-parle, know now, upon advice, it toucheth us both,
-that we may yet again have access to our fair
-mistress and be happy rivals in Bianco's love, to
-labour and effect one thing specially.
-
-GREMIO:
-What's that, I pray?
-
-HORTENSIO:
-Marry, sir, to get a husband for her sister.
-
-GREMIO:
-A husband! a devil.
-
-HORTENSIO:
-I say, a husband.
-
-GREMIO:
-I say, a devil. Thinkest thou, Hortensio, though
-her father be very rich, any man is so very a fool
-to be married to hell?
-
-HORTENSIO:
-Tush, Gremio, though it pass your patience and mine
-to endure her loud alarums, why, man, there be good
-fellows in the world, an a man could light on them,
-would take her with all faults, and money enough.
-
-GREMIO:
-I cannot tell; but I had as lief take her dowry with
-this condition, to be whipped at the high cross
-every morning.
-
-HORTENSIO:
-Faith, as you say, there's small choice in rotten
-apples. But come; since this bar in law makes us
-friends, it shall be so far forth friendly
-maintained all by helping Baptista's eldest daughter
-to a husband we set his youngest free for a husband,
-and then have to't a fresh. Sweet Bianca! Happy man
-be his dole! He that runs fastest gets the ring.
-How say you, Signior Gremio?
-
-GREMIO:
-I am agreed; and would I had given him the best
-horse in Padua to begin his wooing that would
-thoroughly woo her, wed her and bed her and rid the
-house of her! Come on.
-
-TRANIO:
-I pray, sir, tell me, is it possible
-That love should of a sudden take such hold?
-
-LUCENTIO:
-O Tranio, till I found it to be true,
-I never thought it possible or likely;
-But see, while idly I stood looking on,
-I found the effect of love in idleness:
-And now in plainness do confess to thee,
-That art to me as secret and as dear
-As Anna to the queen of Carthage was,
-Tranio, I burn, I pine, I perish, Tranio,
-If I achieve not this young modest girl.
-Counsel me, Tranio, for I know thou canst;
-Assist me, Tranio, for I know thou wilt.
-
-TRANIO:
-Master, it is no time to chide you now;
-Affection is not rated from the heart:
-If love have touch'd you, nought remains but so,
-'Redime te captum quam queas minimo.'
-
-LUCENTIO:
-Gramercies, lad, go forward; this contents:
-The rest will comfort, for thy counsel's sound.
-
-TRANIO:
-Master, you look'd so longly on the maid,
-Perhaps you mark'd not what's the pith of all.
-
-LUCENTIO:
-O yes, I saw sweet beauty in her face,
-Such as the daughter of Agenor had,
-That made great Jove to humble him to her hand.
-When with his knees he kiss'd the Cretan strand.
-
-TRANIO:
-Saw you no more? mark'd you not how her sister
-Began to scold and raise up such a storm
-That mortal ears might hardly endure the din?
-
-LUCENTIO:
-Tranio, I saw her coral lips to move
-And with her breath she did perfume the air:
-Sacred and sweet was all I saw in her.
-
-TRANIO:
-Nay, then, 'tis time to stir him from his trance.
-I pray, awake, sir: if you love the maid,
-Bend thoughts and wits to achieve her. Thus it stands:
-Her eldest sister is so curst and shrewd
-That till the father rid his hands of her,
-Master, your love must live a maid at home;
-And therefore has he closely mew'd her up,
-Because she will not be annoy'd with suitors.
-
-LUCENTIO:
-Ah, Tranio, what a cruel father's he!
-But art thou not advised, he took some care
-To get her cunning schoolmasters to instruct her?
-
-TRANIO:
-Ay, marry, am I, sir; and now 'tis plotted.
-
-LUCENTIO:
-I have it, Tranio.
-
-TRANIO:
-Master, for my hand,
-Both our inventions meet and jump in one.
-
-LUCENTIO:
-Tell me thine first.
-
-TRANIO:
-You will be schoolmaster
-And undertake the teaching of the maid:
-That's your device.
-
-LUCENTIO:
-It is: may it be done?
-
-TRANIO:
-Not possible; for who shall bear your part,
-And be in Padua here Vincentio's son,
-Keep house and ply his book, welcome his friends,
-Visit his countrymen and banquet them?
-
-LUCENTIO:
-Basta; content thee, for I have it full.
-We have not yet been seen in any house,
-Nor can we lie distinguish'd by our faces
-For man or master; then it follows thus;
-Thou shalt be master, Tranio, in my stead,
-Keep house and port and servants as I should:
-I will some other be, some Florentine,
-Some Neapolitan, or meaner man of Pisa.
-'Tis hatch'd and shall be so: Tranio, at once
-Uncase thee; take my colour'd hat and cloak:
-When Biondello comes, he waits on thee;
-But I will charm him first to keep his tongue.
-
-TRANIO:
-So had you need.
-In brief, sir, sith it your pleasure is,
-And I am tied to be obedient;
-For so your father charged me at our parting,
-'Be serviceable to my son,' quoth he,
-Although I think 'twas in another sense;
-I am content to be Lucentio,
-Because so well I love Lucentio.
-
-LUCENTIO:
-Tranio, be so, because Lucentio loves:
-And let me be a slave, to achieve that maid
-Whose sudden sight hath thrall'd my wounded eye.
-Here comes the rogue.
-Sirrah, where have you been?
-
-BIONDELLO:
-Where have I been! Nay, how now! where are you?
-Master, has my fellow Tranio stolen your clothes? Or
-you stolen his? or both? pray, what's the news?
-
-LUCENTIO:
-Sirrah, come hither: 'tis no time to jest,
-And therefore frame your manners to the time.
-Your fellow Tranio here, to save my life,
-Puts my apparel and my countenance on,
-And I for my escape have put on his;
-For in a quarrel since I came ashore
-I kill'd a man and fear I was descried:
-Wait you on him, I charge you, as becomes,
-While I make way from hence to save my life:
-You understand me?
-
-BIONDELLO:
-I, sir! ne'er a whit.
-
-LUCENTIO:
-And not a jot of Tranio in your mouth:
-Tranio is changed into Lucentio.
-
-BIONDELLO:
-The better for him: would I were so too!
-
-TRANIO:
-So could I, faith, boy, to have the next wish after,
-That Lucentio indeed had Baptista's youngest daughter.
-But, sirrah, not for my sake, but your master's, I advise
-You use your manners discreetly in all kind of companies:
-When I am alone, why, then I am Tranio;
-But in all places else your master Lucentio.
-
-LUCENTIO:
-Tranio, let's go: one thing more rests, that
-thyself execute, to make one among these wooers: if
-thou ask me why, sufficeth, my reasons are both good
-and weighty.
-
-First Servant:
-My lord, you nod; you do not mind the play.
-
-SLY:
-Yes, by Saint Anne, do I. A good matter, surely:
-comes there any more of it?
-
-Page:
-My lord, 'tis but begun.
-
-SLY:
-'Tis a very excellent piece of work, madam lady:
-would 'twere done!
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Verona, for a while I take my leave,
-To see my friends in Padua, but of all
-My best beloved and approved friend,
-Hortensio; and I trow this is his house.
-Here, sirrah Grumio; knock, I say.
-
-GRUMIO:
-Knock, sir! whom should I knock? is there man has
-rebused your worship?
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Villain, I say, knock me here soundly.
-
-GRUMIO:
-Knock you here, sir! why, sir, what am I, sir, that
-I should knock you here, sir?
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Villain, I say, knock me at this gate
-And rap me well, or I'll knock your knave's pate.
-
-GRUMIO:
-My master is grown quarrelsome. I should knock
-you first,
-And then I know after who comes by the worst.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Will it not be?
-Faith, sirrah, an you'll not knock, I'll ring it;
-I'll try how you can sol, fa, and sing it.
-
-GRUMIO:
-Help, masters, help! my master is mad.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Now, knock when I bid you, sirrah villain!
-
-HORTENSIO:
-How now! what's the matter? My old friend Grumio!
-and my good friend Petruchio! How do you all at Verona?
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Signior Hortensio, come you to part the fray?
-'Con tutto il cuore, ben trovato,' may I say.
-
-HORTENSIO:
-'Alla nostra casa ben venuto, molto honorato signor
-mio Petruchio.' Rise, Grumio, rise: we will compound
-this quarrel.
-
-GRUMIO:
-Nay, 'tis no matter, sir, what he 'leges in Latin.
-if this be not a lawful case for me to leave his
-service, look you, sir, he bid me knock him and rap
-him soundly, sir: well, was it fit for a servant to
-use his master so, being perhaps, for aught I see,
-two and thirty, a pip out? Whom would to God I had
-well knock'd at first, Then had not Grumio come by the worst.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-A senseless villain! Good Hortensio,
-I bade the rascal knock upon your gate
-And could not get him for my heart to do it.
-
-GRUMIO:
-Knock at the gate! O heavens! Spake you not these
-words plain, 'Sirrah, knock me here, rap me here,
-knock me well, and knock me soundly'? And come you
-now with, 'knocking at the gate'?
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Sirrah, be gone, or talk not, I advise you.
-
-HORTENSIO:
-Petruchio, patience; I am Grumio's pledge:
-Why, this's a heavy chance 'twixt him and you,
-Your ancient, trusty, pleasant servant Grumio.
-And tell me now, sweet friend, what happy gale
-Blows you to Padua here from old Verona?
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Such wind as scatters young men through the world,
-To seek their fortunes farther than at home
-Where small experience grows. But in a few,
-Signior Hortensio, thus it stands with me:
-Antonio, my father, is deceased;
-And I have thrust myself into this maze,
-Haply to wive and thrive as best I may:
-Crowns in my purse I have and goods at home,
-And so am come abroad to see the world.
-
-HORTENSIO:
-Petruchio, shall I then come roundly to thee
-And wish thee to a shrewd ill-favour'd wife?
-Thou'ldst thank me but a little for my counsel:
-And yet I'll promise thee she shall be rich
-And very rich: but thou'rt too much my friend,
-And I'll not wish thee to her.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Signior Hortensio, 'twixt such friends as we
-Few words suffice; and therefore, if thou know
-One rich enough to be Petruchio's wife,
-As wealth is burden of my wooing dance,
-Be she as foul as was Florentius' love,
-As old as Sibyl and as curst and shrewd
-As Socrates' Xanthippe, or a worse,
-She moves me not, or not removes, at least,
-Affection's edge in me, were she as rough
-As are the swelling Adriatic seas:
-I come to wive it wealthily in Padua;
-If wealthily, then happily in Padua.
-
-GRUMIO:
-Nay, look you, sir, he tells you flatly what his
-mind is: Why give him gold enough and marry him to
-a puppet or an aglet-baby; or an old trot with ne'er
-a tooth in her head, though she have as many diseases
-as two and fifty horses: why, nothing comes amiss,
-so money comes withal.
-
-HORTENSIO:
-Petruchio, since we are stepp'd thus far in,
-I will continue that I broach'd in jest.
-I can, Petruchio, help thee to a wife
-With wealth enough and young and beauteous,
-Brought up as best becomes a gentlewoman:
-Her only fault, and that is faults enough,
-Is that she is intolerable curst
-And shrewd and froward, so beyond all measure
-That, were my state far worser than it is,
-I would not wed her for a mine of gold.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Hortensio, peace! thou know'st not gold's effect:
-Tell me her father's name and 'tis enough;
-For I will board her, though she chide as loud
-As thunder when the clouds in autumn crack.
-
-HORTENSIO:
-Her father is Baptista Minola,
-An affable and courteous gentleman:
-Her name is Katharina Minola,
-Renown'd in Padua for her scolding tongue.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-I know her father, though I know not her;
-And he knew my deceased father well.
-I will not sleep, Hortensio, till I see her;
-And therefore let me be thus bold with you
-To give you over at this first encounter,
-Unless you will accompany me thither.
-
-GRUMIO:
-I pray you, sir, let him go while the humour lasts.
-O' my word, an she knew him as well as I do, she
-would think scolding would do little good upon him:
-she may perhaps call him half a score knaves or so:
-why, that's nothing; an he begin once, he'll rail in
-his rope-tricks. I'll tell you what sir, an she
-stand him but a little, he will throw a figure in
-her face and so disfigure her with it that she
-shall have no more eyes to see withal than a cat.
-You know him not, sir.
-
-HORTENSIO:
-Tarry, Petruchio, I must go with thee,
-For in Baptista's keep my treasure is:
-He hath the jewel of my life in hold,
-His youngest daughter, beautiful Binaca,
-And her withholds from me and other more,
-Suitors to her and rivals in my love,
-Supposing it a thing impossible,
-For those defects I have before rehearsed,
-That ever Katharina will be woo'd;
-Therefore this order hath Baptista ta'en,
-That none shall have access unto Bianca
-Till Katharina the curst have got a husband.
-
-GRUMIO:
-Katharina the curst!
-A title for a maid of all titles the worst.
-
-HORTENSIO:
-Now shall my friend Petruchio do me grace,
-And offer me disguised in sober robes
-To old Baptista as a schoolmaster
-Well seen in music, to instruct Bianca;
-That so I may, by this device, at least
-Have leave and leisure to make love to her
-And unsuspected court her by herself.
-
-GRUMIO:
-Here's no knavery! See, to beguile the old folks,
-how the young folks lay their heads together!
-Master, master, look about you: who goes there, ha?
-
-HORTENSIO:
-Peace, Grumio! it is the rival of my love.
-Petruchio, stand by a while.
-
-GRUMIO:
-A proper stripling and an amorous!
-
-GREMIO:
-O, very well; I have perused the note.
-Hark you, sir: I'll have them very fairly bound:
-All books of love, see that at any hand;
-And see you read no other lectures to her:
-You understand me: over and beside
-Signior Baptista's liberality,
-I'll mend it with a largess. Take your paper too,
-And let me have them very well perfumed
-For she is sweeter than perfume itself
-To whom they go to. What will you read to her?
-
-LUCENTIO:
-Whate'er I read to her, I'll plead for you
-As for my patron, stand you so assured,
-As firmly as yourself were still in place:
-Yea, and perhaps with more successful words
-Than you, unless you were a scholar, sir.
-
-GREMIO:
-O this learning, what a thing it is!
-
-GRUMIO:
-O this woodcock, what an ass it is!
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Peace, sirrah!
-
-HORTENSIO:
-Grumio, mum! God save you, Signior Gremio.
-
-GREMIO:
-And you are well met, Signior Hortensio.
-Trow you whither I am going? To Baptista Minola.
-I promised to inquire carefully
-About a schoolmaster for the fair Bianca:
-And by good fortune I have lighted well
-On this young man, for learning and behavior
-Fit for her turn, well read in poetry
-And other books, good ones, I warrant ye.
-
-HORTENSIO:
-'Tis well; and I have met a gentleman
-Hath promised me to help me to another,
-A fine musician to instruct our mistress;
-So shall I no whit be behind in duty
-To fair Bianca, so beloved of me.
-
-GREMIO:
-Beloved of me; and that my deeds shall prove.
-
-GRUMIO:
-And that his bags shall prove.
-
-HORTENSIO:
-Gremio, 'tis now no time to vent our love:
-Listen to me, and if you speak me fair,
-I'll tell you news indifferent good for either.
-Here is a gentleman whom by chance I met,
-Upon agreement from us to his liking,
-Will undertake to woo curst Katharina,
-Yea, and to marry her, if her dowry please.
-
-GREMIO:
-So said, so done, is well.
-Hortensio, have you told him all her faults?
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-I know she is an irksome brawling scold:
-If that be all, masters, I hear no harm.
-
-GREMIO:
-No, say'st me so, friend? What countryman?
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Born in Verona, old Antonio's son:
-My father dead, my fortune lives for me;
-And I do hope good days and long to see.
-
-GREMIO:
-O sir, such a life, with such a wife, were strange!
-But if you have a stomach, to't i' God's name:
-You shall have me assisting you in all.
-But will you woo this wild-cat?
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Will I live?
-
-GRUMIO:
-Will he woo her? ay, or I'll hang her.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Why came I hither but to that intent?
-Think you a little din can daunt mine ears?
-Have I not in my time heard lions roar?
-Have I not heard the sea puff'd up with winds
-Rage like an angry boar chafed with sweat?
-Have I not heard great ordnance in the field,
-And heaven's artillery thunder in the skies?
-Have I not in a pitched battle heard
-Loud 'larums, neighing steeds, and trumpets' clang?
-And do you tell me of a woman's tongue,
-That gives not half so great a blow to hear
-As will a chestnut in a farmer's fire?
-Tush, tush! fear boys with bugs.
-
-GRUMIO:
-For he fears none.
-
-GREMIO:
-Hortensio, hark:
-This gentleman is happily arrived,
-My mind presumes, for his own good and ours.
-
-HORTENSIO:
-I promised we would be contributors
-And bear his charging of wooing, whatsoe'er.
-
-GREMIO:
-And so we will, provided that he win her.
-
-GRUMIO:
-I would I were as sure of a good dinner.
-
-TRANIO:
-Gentlemen, God save you. If I may be bold,
-Tell me, I beseech you, which is the readiest way
-To the house of Signior Baptista Minola?
-
-BIONDELLO:
-He that has the two fair daughters: is't he you mean?
-
-TRANIO:
-Even he, Biondello.
-
-GREMIO:
-Hark you, sir; you mean not her to--
-
-TRANIO:
-Perhaps, him and her, sir: what have you to do?
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Not her that chides, sir, at any hand, I pray.
-
-TRANIO:
-I love no chiders, sir. Biondello, let's away.
-
-LUCENTIO:
-Well begun, Tranio.
-
-HORTENSIO:
-Sir, a word ere you go;
-Are you a suitor to the maid you talk of, yea or no?
-
-TRANIO:
-And if I be, sir, is it any offence?
-
-GREMIO:
-No; if without more words you will get you hence.
-
-TRANIO:
-Why, sir, I pray, are not the streets as free
-For me as for you?
-
-GREMIO:
-But so is not she.
-
-TRANIO:
-For what reason, I beseech you?
-
-GREMIO:
-For this reason, if you'll know,
-That she's the choice love of Signior Gremio.
-
-HORTENSIO:
-That she's the chosen of Signior Hortensio.
-
-TRANIO:
-Softly, my masters! if you be gentlemen,
-Do me this right; hear me with patience.
-Baptista is a noble gentleman,
-To whom my father is not all unknown;
-And were his daughter fairer than she is,
-She may more suitors have and me for one.
-Fair Leda's daughter had a thousand wooers;
-Then well one more may fair Bianca have:
-And so she shall; Lucentio shall make one,
-Though Paris came in hope to speed alone.
-
-GREMIO:
-What! this gentleman will out-talk us all.
-
-LUCENTIO:
-Sir, give him head: I know he'll prove a jade.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Hortensio, to what end are all these words?
-
-HORTENSIO:
-Sir, let me be so bold as ask you,
-Did you yet ever see Baptista's daughter?
-
-TRANIO:
-No, sir; but hear I do that he hath two,
-The one as famous for a scolding tongue
-As is the other for beauteous modesty.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Sir, sir, the first's for me; let her go by.
-
-GREMIO:
-Yea, leave that labour to great Hercules;
-And let it be more than Alcides' twelve.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Sir, understand you this of me in sooth:
-The youngest daughter whom you hearken for
-Her father keeps from all access of suitors,
-And will not promise her to any man
-Until the elder sister first be wed:
-The younger then is free and not before.
-
-TRANIO:
-If it be so, sir, that you are the man
-Must stead us all and me amongst the rest,
-And if you break the ice and do this feat,
-Achieve the elder, set the younger free
-For our access, whose hap shall be to have her
-Will not so graceless be to be ingrate.
-
-HORTENSIO:
-Sir, you say well and well you do conceive;
-And since you do profess to be a suitor,
-You must, as we do, gratify this gentleman,
-To whom we all rest generally beholding.
-
-TRANIO:
-Sir, I shall not be slack: in sign whereof,
-Please ye we may contrive this afternoon,
-And quaff carouses to our mistress' health,
-And do as adversaries do in law,
-Strive mightily, but eat and drink as friends.
-
-GRUMIO:
-O excellent motion! Fellows, let's be gone.
-
-HORTENSIO:
-The motion's good indeed and be it so,
-Petruchio, I shall be your ben venuto.
-
-BIANCA:
-Good sister, wrong me not, nor wrong yourself,
-To make a bondmaid and a slave of me;
-That I disdain: but for these other gawds,
-Unbind my hands, I'll pull them off myself,
-Yea, all my raiment, to my petticoat;
-Or what you will command me will I do,
-So well I know my duty to my elders.
-
-KATHARINA:
-Of all thy suitors, here I charge thee, tell
-Whom thou lovest best: see thou dissemble not.
-
-BIANCA:
-Believe me, sister, of all the men alive
-I never yet beheld that special face
-Which I could fancy more than any other.
-
-KATHARINA:
-Minion, thou liest. Is't not Hortensio?
-
-BIANCA:
-If you affect him, sister, here I swear
-I'll plead for you myself, but you shall have
-him.
-
-KATHARINA:
-O then, belike, you fancy riches more:
-You will have Gremio to keep you fair.
-
-BIANCA:
-Is it for him you do envy me so?
-Nay then you jest, and now I well perceive
-You have but jested with me all this while:
-I prithee, sister Kate, untie my hands.
-
-KATHARINA:
-If that be jest, then all the rest was so.
-
-BAPTISTA:
-Why, how now, dame! whence grows this insolence?
-Bianca, stand aside. Poor girl! she weeps.
-Go ply thy needle; meddle not with her.
-For shame, thou helding of a devilish spirit,
-Why dost thou wrong her that did ne'er wrong thee?
-When did she cross thee with a bitter word?
-
-KATHARINA:
-Her silence flouts me, and I'll be revenged.
-
-BAPTISTA:
-What, in my sight? Bianca, get thee in.
-
-KATHARINA:
-What, will you not suffer me? Nay, now I see
-She is your treasure, she must have a husband;
-I must dance bare-foot on her wedding day
-And for your love to her lead apes in hell.
-Talk not to me: I will go sit and weep
-Till I can find occasion of revenge.
-
-BAPTISTA:
-Was ever gentleman thus grieved as I?
-But who comes here?
-
-GREMIO:
-Good morrow, neighbour Baptista.
-
-BAPTISTA:
-Good morrow, neighbour Gremio.
-God save you, gentlemen!
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-And you, good sir! Pray, have you not a daughter
-Call'd Katharina, fair and virtuous?
-
-BAPTISTA:
-I have a daughter, sir, called Katharina.
-
-GREMIO:
-You are too blunt: go to it orderly.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-You wrong me, Signior Gremio: give me leave.
-I am a gentleman of Verona, sir,
-That, hearing of her beauty and her wit,
-Her affability and bashful modesty,
-Her wondrous qualities and mild behavior,
-Am bold to show myself a forward guest
-Within your house, to make mine eye the witness
-Of that report which I so oft have heard.
-And, for an entrance to my entertainment,
-I do present you with a man of mine,
-Cunning in music and the mathematics,
-To instruct her fully in those sciences,
-Whereof I know she is not ignorant:
-Accept of him, or else you do me wrong:
-His name is Licio, born in Mantua.
-
-BAPTISTA:
-You're welcome, sir; and he, for your good sake.
-But for my daughter Katharina, this I know,
-She is not for your turn, the more my grief.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-I see you do not mean to part with her,
-Or else you like not of my company.
-
-BAPTISTA:
-Mistake me not; I speak but as I find.
-Whence are you, sir? what may I call your name?
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Petruchio is my name; Antonio's son,
-A man well known throughout all Italy.
-
-BAPTISTA:
-I know him well: you are welcome for his sake.
-
-GREMIO:
-Saving your tale, Petruchio, I pray,
-Let us, that are poor petitioners, speak too:
-Baccare! you are marvellous forward.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-O, pardon me, Signior Gremio; I would fain be doing.
-
-GREMIO:
-I doubt it not, sir; but you will curse your
-wooing. Neighbour, this is a gift very grateful, I am
-sure of it. To express the like kindness, myself,
-that have been more kindly beholding to you than
-any, freely give unto you this young scholar,
-that hath been long studying at Rheims; as cunning
-in Greek, Latin, and other languages, as the other
-in music and mathematics: his name is Cambio; pray,
-accept his service.
-
-BAPTISTA:
-A thousand thanks, Signior Gremio.
-Welcome, good Cambio.
-But, gentle sir, methinks you walk like a stranger:
-may I be so bold to know the cause of your coming?
-
-TRANIO:
-Pardon me, sir, the boldness is mine own,
-That, being a stranger in this city here,
-Do make myself a suitor to your daughter,
-Unto Bianca, fair and virtuous.
-Nor is your firm resolve unknown to me,
-In the preferment of the eldest sister.
-This liberty is all that I request,
-That, upon knowledge of my parentage,
-I may have welcome 'mongst the rest that woo
-And free access and favour as the rest:
-And, toward the education of your daughters,
-I here bestow a simple instrument,
-And this small packet of Greek and Latin books:
-If you accept them, then their worth is great.
-
-BAPTISTA:
-Lucentio is your name; of whence, I pray?
-
-TRANIO:
-Of Pisa, sir; son to Vincentio.
-
-BAPTISTA:
-A mighty man of Pisa; by report
-I know him well: you are very welcome, sir,
-Take you the lute, and you the set of books;
-You shall go see your pupils presently.
-Holla, within!
-Sirrah, lead these gentlemen
-To my daughters; and tell them both,
-These are their tutors: bid them use them well.
-We will go walk a little in the orchard,
-And then to dinner. You are passing welcome,
-And so I pray you all to think yourselves.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Signior Baptista, my business asketh haste,
-And every day I cannot come to woo.
-You knew my father well, and in him me,
-Left solely heir to all his lands and goods,
-Which I have better'd rather than decreased:
-Then tell me, if I get your daughter's love,
-What dowry shall I have with her to wife?
-
-BAPTISTA:
-After my death the one half of my lands,
-And in possession twenty thousand crowns.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-And, for that dowry, I'll assure her of
-Her widowhood, be it that she survive me,
-In all my lands and leases whatsoever:
-Let specialties be therefore drawn between us,
-That covenants may be kept on either hand.
-
-BAPTISTA:
-Ay, when the special thing is well obtain'd,
-That is, her love; for that is all in all.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Why, that is nothing: for I tell you, father,
-I am as peremptory as she proud-minded;
-And where two raging fires meet together
-They do consume the thing that feeds their fury:
-Though little fire grows great with little wind,
-Yet extreme gusts will blow out fire and all:
-So I to her and so she yields to me;
-For I am rough and woo not like a babe.
-
-BAPTISTA:
-Well mayst thou woo, and happy be thy speed!
-But be thou arm'd for some unhappy words.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Ay, to the proof; as mountains are for winds,
-That shake not, though they blow perpetually.
-
-BAPTISTA:
-How now, my friend! why dost thou look so pale?
-
-HORTENSIO:
-For fear, I promise you, if I look pale.
-
-BAPTISTA:
-What, will my daughter prove a good musician?
-
-HORTENSIO:
-I think she'll sooner prove a soldier
-Iron may hold with her, but never lutes.
-
-BAPTISTA:
-Why, then thou canst not break her to the lute?
-
-HORTENSIO:
-Why, no; for she hath broke the lute to me.
-I did but tell her she mistook her frets,
-And bow'd her hand to teach her fingering;
-When, with a most impatient devilish spirit,
-'Frets, call you these?' quoth she; 'I'll fume
-with them:'
-And, with that word, she struck me on the head,
-And through the instrument my pate made way;
-And there I stood amazed for a while,
-As on a pillory, looking through the lute;
-While she did call me rascal fiddler
-And twangling Jack; with twenty such vile terms,
-As had she studied to misuse me so.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Now, by the world, it is a lusty wench;
-I love her ten times more than e'er I did:
-O, how I long to have some chat with her!
-
-BAPTISTA:
-Well, go with me and be not so discomfited:
-Proceed in practise with my younger daughter;
-She's apt to learn and thankful for good turns.
-Signior Petruchio, will you go with us,
-Or shall I send my daughter Kate to you?
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-I pray you do.
-I will attend her here,
-And woo her with some spirit when she comes.
-Say that she rail; why then I'll tell her plain
-She sings as sweetly as a nightingale:
-Say that she frown, I'll say she looks as clear
-As morning roses newly wash'd with dew:
-Say she be mute and will not speak a word;
-Then I'll commend her volubility,
-And say she uttereth piercing eloquence:
-If she do bid me pack, I'll give her thanks,
-As though she bid me stay by her a week:
-If she deny to wed, I'll crave the day
-When I shall ask the banns and when be married.
-But here she comes; and now, Petruchio, speak.
-Good morrow, Kate; for that's your name, I hear.
-
-KATHARINA:
-Well have you heard, but something hard of hearing:
-They call me Katharina that do talk of me.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-You lie, in faith; for you are call'd plain Kate,
-And bonny Kate and sometimes Kate the curst;
-But Kate, the prettiest Kate in Christendom
-Kate of Kate Hall, my super-dainty Kate,
-For dainties are all Kates, and therefore, Kate,
-Take this of me, Kate of my consolation;
-Hearing thy mildness praised in every town,
-Thy virtues spoke of, and thy beauty sounded,
-Yet not so deeply as to thee belongs,
-Myself am moved to woo thee for my wife.
-
-KATHARINA:
-Moved! in good time: let him that moved you hither
-Remove you hence: I knew you at the first
-You were a moveable.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Why, what's a moveable?
-
-KATHARINA:
-A join'd-stool.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Thou hast hit it: come, sit on me.
-
-KATHARINA:
-Asses are made to bear, and so are you.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Women are made to bear, and so are you.
-
-KATHARINA:
-No such jade as you, if me you mean.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Alas! good Kate, I will not burden thee;
-For, knowing thee to be but young and light--
-
-KATHARINA:
-Too light for such a swain as you to catch;
-And yet as heavy as my weight should be.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Should be! should--buzz!
-
-KATHARINA:
-Well ta'en, and like a buzzard.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-O slow-wing'd turtle! shall a buzzard take thee?
-
-KATHARINA:
-Ay, for a turtle, as he takes a buzzard.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Come, come, you wasp; i' faith, you are too angry.
-
-KATHARINA:
-If I be waspish, best beware my sting.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-My remedy is then, to pluck it out.
-
-KATHARINA:
-Ay, if the fool could find it where it lies,
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Who knows not where a wasp does
-wear his sting? In his tail.
-
-KATHARINA:
-In his tongue.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Whose tongue?
-
-KATHARINA:
-Yours, if you talk of tails: and so farewell.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-What, with my tongue in your tail? nay, come again,
-Good Kate; I am a gentleman.
-
-KATHARINA:
-That I'll try.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-I swear I'll cuff you, if you strike again.
-
-KATHARINA:
-So may you lose your arms:
-If you strike me, you are no gentleman;
-And if no gentleman, why then no arms.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-A herald, Kate? O, put me in thy books!
-
-KATHARINA:
-What is your crest? a coxcomb?
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-A combless cock, so Kate will be my hen.
-
-KATHARINA:
-No cock of mine; you crow too like a craven.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Nay, come, Kate, come; you must not look so sour.
-
-KATHARINA:
-It is my fashion, when I see a crab.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Why, here's no crab; and therefore look not sour.
-
-KATHARINA:
-There is, there is.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Then show it me.
-
-KATHARINA:
-Had I a glass, I would.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-What, you mean my face?
-
-KATHARINA:
-Well aim'd of such a young one.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Now, by Saint George, I am too young for you.
-
-KATHARINA:
-Yet you are wither'd.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-'Tis with cares.
-
-KATHARINA:
-I care not.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Nay, hear you, Kate: in sooth you scape not so.
-
-KATHARINA:
-I chafe you, if I tarry: let me go.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-No, not a whit: I find you passing gentle.
-'Twas told me you were rough and coy and sullen,
-And now I find report a very liar;
-For thou are pleasant, gamesome, passing courteous,
-But slow in speech, yet sweet as spring-time flowers:
-Thou canst not frown, thou canst not look askance,
-Nor bite the lip, as angry wenches will,
-Nor hast thou pleasure to be cross in talk,
-But thou with mildness entertain'st thy wooers,
-With gentle conference, soft and affable.
-Why does the world report that Kate doth limp?
-O slanderous world! Kate like the hazel-twig
-Is straight and slender and as brown in hue
-As hazel nuts and sweeter than the kernels.
-O, let me see thee walk: thou dost not halt.
-
-KATHARINA:
-Go, fool, and whom thou keep'st command.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Did ever Dian so become a grove
-As Kate this chamber with her princely gait?
-O, be thou Dian, and let her be Kate;
-And then let Kate be chaste and Dian sportful!
-
-KATHARINA:
-Where did you study all this goodly speech?
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-It is extempore, from my mother-wit.
-
-KATHARINA:
-A witty mother! witless else her son.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Am I not wise?
-
-KATHARINA:
-Yes; keep you warm.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Marry, so I mean, sweet Katharina, in thy bed:
-And therefore, setting all this chat aside,
-Thus in plain terms: your father hath consented
-That you shall be my wife; your dowry 'greed on;
-And, Will you, nill you, I will marry you.
-Now, Kate, I am a husband for your turn;
-For, by this light, whereby I see thy beauty,
-Thy beauty, that doth make me like thee well,
-Thou must be married to no man but me;
-For I am he am born to tame you Kate,
-And bring you from a wild Kate to a Kate
-Conformable as other household Kates.
-Here comes your father: never make denial;
-I must and will have Katharina to my wife.
-
-BAPTISTA:
-Now, Signior Petruchio, how speed you with my daughter?
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-How but well, sir? how but well?
-It were impossible I should speed amiss.
-
-BAPTISTA:
-Why, how now, daughter Katharina! in your dumps?
-
-KATHARINA:
-Call you me daughter? now, I promise you
-You have show'd a tender fatherly regard,
-To wish me wed to one half lunatic;
-A mad-cup ruffian and a swearing Jack,
-That thinks with oaths to face the matter out.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Father, 'tis thus: yourself and all the world,
-That talk'd of her, have talk'd amiss of her:
-If she be curst, it is for policy,
-For she's not froward, but modest as the dove;
-She is not hot, but temperate as the morn;
-For patience she will prove a second Grissel,
-And Roman Lucrece for her chastity:
-And to conclude, we have 'greed so well together,
-That upon Sunday is the wedding-day.
-
-KATHARINA:
-I'll see thee hang'd on Sunday first.
-
-GREMIO:
-Hark, Petruchio; she says she'll see thee
-hang'd first.
-
-TRANIO:
-Is this your speeding? nay, then, good night our part!
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Be patient, gentlemen; I choose her for myself:
-If she and I be pleased, what's that to you?
-'Tis bargain'd 'twixt us twain, being alone,
-That she shall still be curst in company.
-I tell you, 'tis incredible to believe
-How much she loves me: O, the kindest Kate!
-She hung about my neck; and kiss on kiss
-She vied so fast, protesting oath on oath,
-That in a twink she won me to her love.
-O, you are novices! 'tis a world to see,
-How tame, when men and women are alone,
-A meacock wretch can make the curstest shrew.
-Give me thy hand, Kate: I will unto Venice,
-To buy apparel 'gainst the wedding-day.
-Provide the feast, father, and bid the guests;
-I will be sure my Katharina shall be fine.
-
-BAPTISTA:
-I know not what to say: but give me your hands;
-God send you joy, Petruchio! 'tis a match.
-
-GREMIO:
-Amen, say we: we will be witnesses.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Father, and wife, and gentlemen, adieu;
-I will to Venice; Sunday comes apace:
-We will have rings and things and fine array;
-And kiss me, Kate, we will be married o'Sunday.
-
-GREMIO:
-Was ever match clapp'd up so suddenly?
-
-BAPTISTA:
-Faith, gentlemen, now I play a merchant's part,
-And venture madly on a desperate mart.
-
-TRANIO:
-'Twas a commodity lay fretting by you:
-'Twill bring you gain, or perish on the seas.
-
-BAPTISTA:
-The gain I seek is, quiet in the match.
-
-GREMIO:
-No doubt but he hath got a quiet catch.
-But now, Baptists, to your younger daughter:
-Now is the day we long have looked for:
-I am your neighbour, and was suitor first.
-
-TRANIO:
-And I am one that love Bianca more
-Than words can witness, or your thoughts can guess.
-
-GREMIO:
-Youngling, thou canst not love so dear as I.
-
-TRANIO:
-Graybeard, thy love doth freeze.
-
-GREMIO:
-But thine doth fry.
-Skipper, stand back: 'tis age that nourisheth.
-
-TRANIO:
-But youth in ladies' eyes that flourisheth.
-
-BAPTISTA:
-Content you, gentlemen: I will compound this strife:
-'Tis deeds must win the prize; and he of both
-That can assure my daughter greatest dower
-Shall have my Bianca's love.
-Say, Signior Gremio, What can you assure her?
-
-GREMIO:
-First, as you know, my house within the city
-Is richly furnished with plate and gold;
-Basins and ewers to lave her dainty hands;
-My hangings all of Tyrian tapestry;
-In ivory coffers I have stuff'd my crowns;
-In cypress chests my arras counterpoints,
-Costly apparel, tents, and canopies,
-Fine linen, Turkey cushions boss'd with pearl,
-Valance of Venice gold in needlework,
-Pewter and brass and all things that belong
-To house or housekeeping: then, at my farm
-I have a hundred milch-kine to the pail,
-Sixscore fat oxen standing in my stalls,
-And all things answerable to this portion.
-Myself am struck in years, I must confess;
-And if I die to-morrow, this is hers,
-If whilst I live she will be only mine.
-
-TRANIO:
-That 'only' came well in. Sir, list to me:
-I am my father's heir and only son:
-If I may have your daughter to my wife,
-I'll leave her houses three or four as good,
-Within rich Pisa walls, as any one
-Old Signior Gremio has in Padua;
-Besides two thousand ducats by the year
-Of fruitful land, all which shall be her jointure.
-What, have I pinch'd you, Signior Gremio?
-
-GREMIO:
-Two thousand ducats by the year of land!
-My land amounts not to so much in all:
-That she shall have; besides an argosy
-That now is lying in Marseilles' road.
-What, have I choked you with an argosy?
-
-TRANIO:
-Gremio, 'tis known my father hath no less
-Than three great argosies; besides two galliases,
-And twelve tight galleys: these I will assure her,
-And twice as much, whate'er thou offer'st next.
-
-GREMIO:
-Nay, I have offer'd all, I have no more;
-And she can have no more than all I have:
-If you like me, she shall have me and mine.
-
-TRANIO:
-Why, then the maid is mine from all the world,
-By your firm promise: Gremio is out-vied.
-
-BAPTISTA:
-I must confess your offer is the best;
-And, let your father make her the assurance,
-She is your own; else, you must pardon me,
-if you should die before him, where's her dower?
-
-TRANIO:
-That's but a cavil: he is old, I young.
-
-GREMIO:
-And may not young men die, as well as old?
-
-BAPTISTA:
-Well, gentlemen,
-I am thus resolved: on Sunday next you know
-My daughter Katharina is to be married:
-Now, on the Sunday following, shall Bianca
-Be bride to you, if you this assurance;
-If not, Signior Gremio:
-And so, I take my leave, and thank you both.
-
-GREMIO:
-Adieu, good neighbour.
-Now I fear thee not:
-Sirrah young gamester, your father were a fool
-To give thee all, and in his waning age
-Set foot under thy table: tut, a toy!
-An old Italian fox is not so kind, my boy.
-
-TRANIO:
-A vengeance on your crafty wither'd hide!
-Yet I have faced it with a card of ten.
-'Tis in my head to do my master good:
-I see no reason but supposed Lucentio
-Must get a father, call'd 'supposed Vincentio;'
-And that's a wonder: fathers commonly
-Do get their children; but in this case of wooing,
-A child shall get a sire, if I fail not of my cunning.
-
-LUCENTIO:
-Fiddler, forbear; you grow too forward, sir:
-Have you so soon forgot the entertainment
-Her sister Katharina welcomed you withal?
-
-HORTENSIO:
-But, wrangling pedant, this is
-The patroness of heavenly harmony:
-Then give me leave to have prerogative;
-And when in music we have spent an hour,
-Your lecture shall have leisure for as much.
-
-LUCENTIO:
-Preposterous ass, that never read so far
-To know the cause why music was ordain'd!
-Was it not to refresh the mind of man
-After his studies or his usual pain?
-Then give me leave to read philosophy,
-And while I pause, serve in your harmony.
-
-HORTENSIO:
-Sirrah, I will not bear these braves of thine.
-
-BIANCA:
-Why, gentlemen, you do me double wrong,
-To strive for that which resteth in my choice:
-I am no breeching scholar in the schools;
-I'll not be tied to hours nor 'pointed times,
-But learn my lessons as I please myself.
-And, to cut off all strife, here sit we down:
-Take you your instrument, play you the whiles;
-His lecture will be done ere you have tuned.
-
-HORTENSIO:
-You'll leave his lecture when I am in tune?
-
-LUCENTIO:
-That will be never: tune your instrument.
-
-BIANCA:
-Where left we last?
-
-LUCENTIO:
-Here, madam:
-'Hic ibat Simois; hic est Sigeia tellus;
-Hic steterat Priami regia celsa senis.'
-
-BIANCA:
-Construe them.
-
-LUCENTIO:
-'Hic ibat,' as I told you before, 'Simois,' I am
-Lucentio, 'hic est,' son unto Vincentio of Pisa,
-'Sigeia tellus,' disguised thus to get your love;
-'Hic steterat,' and that Lucentio that comes
-a-wooing, 'Priami,' is my man Tranio, 'regia,'
-bearing my port, 'celsa senis,' that we might
-beguile the old pantaloon.
-
-HORTENSIO:
-Madam, my instrument's in tune.
-
-BIANCA:
-Let's hear. O fie! the treble jars.
-
-LUCENTIO:
-Spit in the hole, man, and tune again.
-
-BIANCA:
-Now let me see if I can construe it: 'Hic ibat
-Simois,' I know you not, 'hic est Sigeia tellus,' I
-trust you not; 'Hic steterat Priami,' take heed
-he hear us not, 'regia,' presume not, 'celsa senis,'
-despair not.
-
-HORTENSIO:
-Madam, 'tis now in tune.
-
-LUCENTIO:
-All but the base.
-
-HORTENSIO:
-The base is right; 'tis the base knave that jars.
-How fiery and forward our pedant is!
-Now, for my life, the knave doth court my love:
-Pedascule, I'll watch you better yet.
-
-BIANCA:
-In time I may believe, yet I mistrust.
-
-LUCENTIO:
-Mistrust it not: for, sure, AEacides
-Was Ajax, call'd so from his grandfather.
-
-BIANCA:
-I must believe my master; else, I promise you,
-I should be arguing still upon that doubt:
-But let it rest. Now, Licio, to you:
-Good masters, take it not unkindly, pray,
-That I have been thus pleasant with you both.
-
-HORTENSIO:
-You may go walk, and give me leave a while:
-My lessons make no music in three parts.
-
-LUCENTIO:
-Are you so formal, sir? well, I must wait,
-And watch withal; for, but I be deceived,
-Our fine musician groweth amorous.
-
-HORTENSIO:
-Madam, before you touch the instrument,
-To learn the order of my fingering,
-I must begin with rudiments of art;
-To teach you gamut in a briefer sort,
-More pleasant, pithy and effectual,
-Than hath been taught by any of my trade:
-And there it is in writing, fairly drawn.
-
-BIANCA:
-Why, I am past my gamut long ago.
-
-HORTENSIO:
-Yet read the gamut of Hortensio.
-
-Servant:
-Mistress, your father prays you leave your books
-And help to dress your sister's chamber up:
-You know to-morrow is the wedding-day.
-
-BIANCA:
-Farewell, sweet masters both; I must be gone.
-
-LUCENTIO:
-Faith, mistress, then I have no cause to stay.
-
-HORTENSIO:
-But I have cause to pry into this pedant:
-Methinks he looks as though he were in love:
-Yet if thy thoughts, Bianca, be so humble
-To cast thy wandering eyes on every stale,
-Seize thee that list: if once I find thee ranging,
-Hortensio will be quit with thee by changing.
-
-KATHARINA:
-No shame but mine: I must, forsooth, be forced
-To give my hand opposed against my heart
-Unto a mad-brain rudesby full of spleen;
-Who woo'd in haste and means to wed at leisure.
-I told you, I, he was a frantic fool,
-Hiding his bitter jests in blunt behavior:
-And, to be noted for a merry man,
-He'll woo a thousand, 'point the day of marriage,
-Make feasts, invite friends, and proclaim the banns;
-Yet never means to wed where he hath woo'd.
-Now must the world point at poor Katharina,
-And say, 'Lo, there is mad Petruchio's wife,
-If it would please him come and marry her!'
-
-TRANIO:
-Patience, good Katharina, and Baptista too.
-Upon my life, Petruchio means but well,
-Whatever fortune stays him from his word:
-Though he be blunt, I know him passing wise;
-Though he be merry, yet withal he's honest.
-
-KATHARINA:
-Would Katharina had never seen him though!
-
-BAPTISTA:
-Go, girl; I cannot blame thee now to weep;
-For such an injury would vex a very saint,
-Much more a shrew of thy impatient humour.
-
-BIONDELLO:
-Master, master! news, old news, and such news as
-you never heard of!
-
-BAPTISTA:
-Is it new and old too? how may that be?
-
-BIONDELLO:
-Why, is it not news, to hear of Petruchio's coming?
-
-BAPTISTA:
-Is he come?
-
-BIONDELLO:
-Why, no, sir.
-
-BAPTISTA:
-What then?
-
-BIONDELLO:
-He is coming.
-
-BAPTISTA:
-When will he be here?
-
-BIONDELLO:
-When he stands where I am and sees you there.
-
-TRANIO:
-But say, what to thine old news?
-
-BIONDELLO:
-Why, Petruchio is coming in a new hat and an old
-jerkin, a pair of old breeches thrice turned, a pair
-of boots that have been candle-cases, one buckled,
-another laced, an old rusty sword ta'en out of the
-town-armory, with a broken hilt, and chapeless;
-with two broken points: his horse hipped with an
-old mothy saddle and stirrups of no kindred;
-besides, possessed with the glanders and like to mose
-in the chine; troubled with the lampass, infected
-with the fashions, full of wingdalls, sped with
-spavins, rayed with yellows, past cure of the fives,
-stark spoiled with the staggers, begnawn with the
-bots, swayed in the back and shoulder-shotten;
-near-legged before and with, a half-chequed bit
-and a head-stall of sheeps leather which, being
-restrained to keep him from stumbling, hath been
-often burst and now repaired with knots; one girth
-six time pieced and a woman's crupper of velure,
-which hath two letters for her name fairly set down
-in studs, and here and there pieced with packthread.
-
-BAPTISTA:
-Who comes with him?
-
-BIONDELLO:
-O, sir, his lackey, for all the world caparisoned
-like the horse; with a linen stock on one leg and a
-kersey boot-hose on the other, gartered with a red
-and blue list; an old hat and 'the humour of forty
-fancies' pricked in't for a feather: a monster, a
-very monster in apparel, and not like a Christian
-footboy or a gentleman's lackey.
-
-TRANIO:
-'Tis some odd humour pricks him to this fashion;
-Yet oftentimes he goes but mean-apparell'd.
-
-BAPTISTA:
-I am glad he's come, howsoe'er he comes.
-
-BIONDELLO:
-Why, sir, he comes not.
-
-BAPTISTA:
-Didst thou not say he comes?
-
-BIONDELLO:
-Who? that Petruchio came?
-
-BAPTISTA:
-Ay, that Petruchio came.
-
-BIONDELLO:
-No, sir, I say his horse comes, with him on his back.
-
-BAPTISTA:
-Why, that's all one.
-
-BIONDELLO:
-Nay, by Saint Jamy,
-I hold you a penny,
-A horse and a man
-Is more than one,
-And yet not many.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Come, where be these gallants? who's at home?
-
-BAPTISTA:
-You are welcome, sir.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-And yet I come not well.
-
-BAPTISTA:
-And yet you halt not.
-
-TRANIO:
-Not so well apparell'd
-As I wish you were.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Were it better, I should rush in thus.
-But where is Kate? where is my lovely bride?
-How does my father? Gentles, methinks you frown:
-And wherefore gaze this goodly company,
-As if they saw some wondrous monument,
-Some comet or unusual prodigy?
-
-BAPTISTA:
-Why, sir, you know this is your wedding-day:
-First were we sad, fearing you would not come;
-Now sadder, that you come so unprovided.
-Fie, doff this habit, shame to your estate,
-An eye-sore to our solemn festival!
-
-TRANIO:
-And tells us, what occasion of import
-Hath all so long detain'd you from your wife,
-And sent you hither so unlike yourself?
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Tedious it were to tell, and harsh to hear:
-Sufficeth I am come to keep my word,
-Though in some part enforced to digress;
-Which, at more leisure, I will so excuse
-As you shall well be satisfied withal.
-But where is Kate? I stay too long from her:
-The morning wears, 'tis time we were at church.
-
-TRANIO:
-See not your bride in these unreverent robes:
-Go to my chamber; Put on clothes of mine.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Not I, believe me: thus I'll visit her.
-
-BAPTISTA:
-But thus, I trust, you will not marry her.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Good sooth, even thus; therefore ha' done with words:
-To me she's married, not unto my clothes:
-Could I repair what she will wear in me,
-As I can change these poor accoutrements,
-'Twere well for Kate and better for myself.
-But what a fool am I to chat with you,
-When I should bid good morrow to my bride,
-And seal the title with a lovely kiss!
-
-TRANIO:
-He hath some meaning in his mad attire:
-We will persuade him, be it possible,
-To put on better ere he go to church.
-
-BAPTISTA:
-I'll after him, and see the event of this.
-
-TRANIO:
-But to her love concerneth us to add
-Her father's liking: which to bring to pass,
-As I before unparted to your worship,
-I am to get a man,--whate'er he be,
-It skills not much. we'll fit him to our turn,--
-And he shall be Vincentio of Pisa;
-And make assurance here in Padua
-Of greater sums than I have promised.
-So shall you quietly enjoy your hope,
-And marry sweet Bianca with consent.
-
-LUCENTIO:
-Were it not that my fellow-school-master
-Doth watch Bianca's steps so narrowly,
-'Twere good, methinks, to steal our marriage;
-Which once perform'd, let all the world say no,
-I'll keep mine own, despite of all the world.
-
-TRANIO:
-That by degrees we mean to look into,
-And watch our vantage in this business:
-We'll over-reach the greybeard, Gremio,
-The narrow-prying father, Minola,
-The quaint musician, amorous Licio;
-All for my master's sake, Lucentio.
-Signior Gremio, came you from the church?
-
-GREMIO:
-As willingly as e'er I came from school.
-
-TRANIO:
-And is the bride and bridegroom coming home?
-
-GREMIO:
-A bridegroom say you? 'tis a groom indeed,
-A grumbling groom, and that the girl shall find.
-
-TRANIO:
-Curster than she? why, 'tis impossible.
-
-GREMIO:
-Why he's a devil, a devil, a very fiend.
-
-TRANIO:
-Why, she's a devil, a devil, the devil's dam.
-
-GREMIO:
-Tut, she's a lamb, a dove, a fool to him!
-I'll tell you, Sir Lucentio: when the priest
-Should ask, if Katharina should be his wife,
-'Ay, by gogs-wouns,' quoth he; and swore so loud,
-That, all-amazed, the priest let fall the book;
-And, as he stoop'd again to take it up,
-The mad-brain'd bridegroom took him such a cuff
-That down fell priest and book and book and priest:
-'Now take them up,' quoth he, 'if any list.'
-
-TRANIO:
-What said the wench when he rose again?
-
-GREMIO:
-Trembled and shook; for why, he stamp'd and swore,
-As if the vicar meant to cozen him.
-But after many ceremonies done,
-He calls for wine: 'A health!' quoth he, as if
-He had been aboard, carousing to his mates
-After a storm; quaff'd off the muscadel
-And threw the sops all in the sexton's face;
-Having no other reason
-But that his beard grew thin and hungerly
-And seem'd to ask him sops as he was drinking.
-This done, he took the bride about the neck
-And kiss'd her lips with such a clamorous smack
-That at the parting all the church did echo:
-And I seeing this came thence for very shame;
-And after me, I know, the rout is coming.
-Such a mad marriage never was before:
-Hark, hark! I hear the minstrels play.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Gentlemen and friends, I thank you for your pains:
-I know you think to dine with me to-day,
-And have prepared great store of wedding cheer;
-But so it is, my haste doth call me hence,
-And therefore here I mean to take my leave.
-
-BAPTISTA:
-Is't possible you will away to-night?
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-I must away to-day, before night come:
-Make it no wonder; if you knew my business,
-You would entreat me rather go than stay.
-And, honest company, I thank you all,
-That have beheld me give away myself
-To this most patient, sweet and virtuous wife:
-Dine with my father, drink a health to me;
-For I must hence; and farewell to you all.
-
-TRANIO:
-Let us entreat you stay till after dinner.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-It may not be.
-
-GREMIO:
-Let me entreat you.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-It cannot be.
-
-KATHARINA:
-Let me entreat you.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-I am content.
-
-KATHARINA:
-Are you content to stay?
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-I am content you shall entreat me stay;
-But yet not stay, entreat me how you can.
-
-KATHARINA:
-Now, if you love me, stay.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Grumio, my horse.
-
-GRUMIO:
-Ay, sir, they be ready: the oats have eaten the horses.
-
-KATHARINA:
-Nay, then,
-Do what thou canst, I will not go to-day;
-No, nor to-morrow, not till I please myself.
-The door is open, sir; there lies your way;
-You may be jogging whiles your boots are green;
-For me, I'll not be gone till I please myself:
-'Tis like you'll prove a jolly surly groom,
-That take it on you at the first so roundly.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-O Kate, content thee; prithee, be not angry.
-
-KATHARINA:
-I will be angry: what hast thou to do?
-Father, be quiet; he shall stay my leisure.
-
-GREMIO:
-Ay, marry, sir, now it begins to work.
-
-KATARINA:
-Gentlemen, forward to the bridal dinner:
-I see a woman may be made a fool,
-If she had not a spirit to resist.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-They shall go forward, Kate, at thy command.
-Obey the bride, you that attend on her;
-Go to the feast, revel and domineer,
-Carouse full measure to her maidenhead,
-Be mad and merry, or go hang yourselves:
-But for my bonny Kate, she must with me.
-Nay, look not big, nor stamp, nor stare, nor fret;
-I will be master of what is mine own:
-She is my goods, my chattels; she is my house,
-My household stuff, my field, my barn,
-My horse, my ox, my ass, my any thing;
-And here she stands, touch her whoever dare;
-I'll bring mine action on the proudest he
-That stops my way in Padua. Grumio,
-Draw forth thy weapon, we are beset with thieves;
-Rescue thy mistress, if thou be a man.
-Fear not, sweet wench, they shall not touch
-thee, Kate:
-I'll buckler thee against a million.
-
-BAPTISTA:
-Nay, let them go, a couple of quiet ones.
-
-GREMIO:
-Went they not quickly, I should die with laughing.
-
-TRANIO:
-Of all mad matches never was the like.
-
-LUCENTIO:
-Mistress, what's your opinion of your sister?
-
-BIANCA:
-That, being mad herself, she's madly mated.
-
-GREMIO:
-I warrant him, Petruchio is Kated.
-
-BAPTISTA:
-Neighbours and friends, though bride and
-bridegroom wants
-For to supply the places at the table,
-You know there wants no junkets at the feast.
-Lucentio, you shall supply the bridegroom's place:
-And let Bianca take her sister's room.
-
-TRANIO:
-Shall sweet Bianca practise how to bride it?
-
-BAPTISTA:
-She shall, Lucentio. Come, gentlemen, let's go.
-
-GRUMIO:
-Fie, fie on all tired jades, on all mad masters, and
-all foul ways! Was ever man so beaten? was ever
-man so rayed? was ever man so weary? I am sent
-before to make a fire, and they are coming after to
-warm them. Now, were not I a little pot and soon
-hot, my very lips might freeze to my teeth, my
-tongue to the roof of my mouth, my heart in my
-belly, ere I should come by a fire to thaw me: but
-I, with blowing the fire, shall warm myself; for,
-considering the weather, a taller man than I will
-take cold. Holla, ho! Curtis.
-
-CURTIS:
-Who is that calls so coldly?
-
-GRUMIO:
-A piece of ice: if thou doubt it, thou mayst slide
-from my shoulder to my heel with no greater a run
-but my head and my neck. A fire good Curtis.
-
-CURTIS:
-Is my master and his wife coming, Grumio?
-
-GRUMIO:
-O, ay, Curtis, ay: and therefore fire, fire; cast
-on no water.
-
-CURTIS:
-Is she so hot a shrew as she's reported?
-
-GRUMIO:
-She was, good Curtis, before this frost: but, thou
-knowest, winter tames man, woman and beast; for it
-hath tamed my old master and my new mistress and
-myself, fellow Curtis.
-
-CURTIS:
-Away, you three-inch fool! I am no beast.
-
-GRUMIO:
-Am I but three inches? why, thy horn is a foot; and
-so long am I at the least. But wilt thou make a
-fire, or shall I complain on thee to our mistress,
-whose hand, she being now at hand, thou shalt soon
-feel, to thy cold comfort, for being slow in thy hot office?
-
-CURTIS:
-I prithee, good Grumio, tell me, how goes the world?
-
-GRUMIO:
-A cold world, Curtis, in every office but thine; and
-therefore fire: do thy duty, and have thy duty; for
-my master and mistress are almost frozen to death.
-
-CURTIS:
-There's fire ready; and therefore, good Grumio, the news.
-
-GRUMIO:
-Why, 'Jack, boy! ho! boy!' and as much news as
-will thaw.
-
-CURTIS:
-Come, you are so full of cony-catching!
-
-GRUMIO:
-Why, therefore fire; for I have caught extreme cold.
-Where's the cook? is supper ready, the house
-trimmed, rushes strewed, cobwebs swept; the
-serving-men in their new fustian, their white
-stockings, and every officer his wedding-garment on?
-Be the jacks fair within, the jills fair without,
-the carpets laid, and every thing in order?
-
-CURTIS:
-All ready; and therefore, I pray thee, news.
-
-GRUMIO:
-First, know, my horse is tired; my master and
-mistress fallen out.
-
-CURTIS:
-How?
-
-GRUMIO:
-Out of their saddles into the dirt; and thereby
-hangs a tale.
-
-CURTIS:
-Let's ha't, good Grumio.
-
-GRUMIO:
-Lend thine ear.
-
-CURTIS:
-Here.
-
-GRUMIO:
-There.
-
-CURTIS:
-This is to feel a tale, not to hear a tale.
-
-GRUMIO:
-And therefore 'tis called a sensible tale: and this
-cuff was but to knock at your ear, and beseech
-listening. Now I begin: Imprimis, we came down a
-foul hill, my master riding behind my mistress,--
-
-CURTIS:
-Both of one horse?
-
-GRUMIO:
-What's that to thee?
-
-CURTIS:
-Why, a horse.
-
-GRUMIO:
-Tell thou the tale: but hadst thou not crossed me,
-thou shouldst have heard how her horse fell and she
-under her horse; thou shouldst have heard in how
-miry a place, how she was bemoiled, how he left her
-with the horse upon her, how he beat me because
-her horse stumbled, how she waded through the dirt
-to pluck him off me, how he swore, how she prayed,
-that never prayed before, how I cried, how the
-horses ran away, how her bridle was burst, how I
-lost my crupper, with many things of worthy memory,
-which now shall die in oblivion and thou return
-unexperienced to thy grave.
-
-CURTIS:
-By this reckoning he is more shrew than she.
-
-GRUMIO:
-Ay; and that thou and the proudest of you all shall
-find when he comes home. But what talk I of this?
-Call forth Nathaniel, Joseph, Nicholas, Philip,
-Walter, Sugarsop and the rest: let their heads be
-sleekly combed their blue coats brushed and their
-garters of an indifferent knit: let them curtsy
-with their left legs and not presume to touch a hair
-of my master's horse-tail till they kiss their
-hands. Are they all ready?
-
-CURTIS:
-They are.
-
-GRUMIO:
-Call them forth.
-
-CURTIS:
-Do you hear, ho? you must meet my master to
-countenance my mistress.
-
-GRUMIO:
-Why, she hath a face of her own.
-
-CURTIS:
-Who knows not that?
-
-GRUMIO:
-Thou, it seems, that calls for company to
-countenance her.
-
-CURTIS:
-I call them forth to credit her.
-
-GRUMIO:
-Why, she comes to borrow nothing of them.
-
-NATHANIEL:
-Welcome home, Grumio!
-
-PHILIP:
-How now, Grumio!
-
-JOSEPH:
-What, Grumio!
-
-NICHOLAS:
-Fellow Grumio!
-
-NATHANIEL:
-How now, old lad?
-
-GRUMIO:
-Welcome, you;--how now, you;-- what, you;--fellow,
-you;--and thus much for greeting. Now, my spruce
-companions, is all ready, and all things neat?
-
-NATHANIEL:
-All things is ready. How near is our master?
-
-GRUMIO:
-E'en at hand, alighted by this; and therefore be
-not--Cock's passion, silence! I hear my master.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Where be these knaves? What, no man at door
-To hold my stirrup nor to take my horse!
-Where is Nathaniel, Gregory, Philip?
-
-ALL SERVING-MEN:
-Here, here, sir; here, sir.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Here, sir! here, sir! here, sir! here, sir!
-You logger-headed and unpolish'd grooms!
-What, no attendance? no regard? no duty?
-Where is the foolish knave I sent before?
-
-GRUMIO:
-Here, sir; as foolish as I was before.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-You peasant swain! you whoreson malt-horse drudge!
-Did I not bid thee meet me in the park,
-And bring along these rascal knaves with thee?
-
-GRUMIO:
-Nathaniel's coat, sir, was not fully made,
-And Gabriel's pumps were all unpink'd i' the heel;
-There was no link to colour Peter's hat,
-And Walter's dagger was not come from sheathing:
-There were none fine but Adam, Ralph, and Gregory;
-The rest were ragged, old, and beggarly;
-Yet, as they are, here are they come to meet you.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Go, rascals, go, and fetch my supper in.
-Where is the life that late I led--
-Where are those--Sit down, Kate, and welcome.--
-Sound, sound, sound, sound!
-Why, when, I say? Nay, good sweet Kate, be merry.
-Off with my boots, you rogues! you villains, when?
-It was the friar of orders grey,
-As he forth walked on his way:--
-Out, you rogue! you pluck my foot awry:
-Take that, and mend the plucking off the other.
-Be merry, Kate. Some water, here; what, ho!
-Where's my spaniel Troilus? Sirrah, get you hence,
-And bid my cousin Ferdinand come hither:
-One, Kate, that you must kiss, and be acquainted with.
-Where are my slippers? Shall I have some water?
-Come, Kate, and wash, and welcome heartily.
-You whoreson villain! will you let it fall?
-
-KATHARINA:
-Patience, I pray you; 'twas a fault unwilling.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-A whoreson beetle-headed, flap-ear'd knave!
-Come, Kate, sit down; I know you have a stomach.
-Will you give thanks, sweet Kate; or else shall I?
-What's this? mutton?
-
-First Servant:
-Ay.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Who brought it?
-
-PETER:
-I.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-'Tis burnt; and so is all the meat.
-What dogs are these! Where is the rascal cook?
-How durst you, villains, bring it from the dresser,
-And serve it thus to me that love it not?
-Theretake it to you, trenchers, cups, and all;
-You heedless joltheads and unmanner'd slaves!
-What, do you grumble? I'll be with you straight.
-
-KATHARINA:
-I pray you, husband, be not so disquiet:
-The meat was well, if you were so contented.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-I tell thee, Kate, 'twas burnt and dried away;
-And I expressly am forbid to touch it,
-For it engenders choler, planteth anger;
-And better 'twere that both of us did fast,
-Since, of ourselves, ourselves are choleric,
-Than feed it with such over-roasted flesh.
-Be patient; to-morrow 't shall be mended,
-And, for this night, we'll fast for company:
-Come, I will bring thee to thy bridal chamber.
-
-NATHANIEL:
-Peter, didst ever see the like?
-
-PETER:
-He kills her in her own humour.
-
-GRUMIO:
-Where is he?
-
-CURTIS:
-In her chamber, making a sermon of continency to her;
-And rails, and swears, and rates, that she, poor soul,
-Knows not which way to stand, to look, to speak,
-And sits as one new-risen from a dream.
-Away, away! for he is coming hither.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Thus have I politicly begun my reign,
-And 'tis my hope to end successfully.
-My falcon now is sharp and passing empty;
-And till she stoop she must not be full-gorged,
-For then she never looks upon her lure.
-Another way I have to man my haggard,
-To make her come and know her keeper's call,
-That is, to watch her, as we watch these kites
-That bate and beat and will not be obedient.
-She eat no meat to-day, nor none shall eat;
-Last night she slept not, nor to-night she shall not;
-As with the meat, some undeserved fault
-I'll find about the making of the bed;
-And here I'll fling the pillow, there the bolster,
-This way the coverlet, another way the sheets:
-Ay, and amid this hurly I intend
-That all is done in reverend care of her;
-And in conclusion she shall watch all night:
-And if she chance to nod I'll rail and brawl
-And with the clamour keep her still awake.
-This is a way to kill a wife with kindness;
-And thus I'll curb her mad and headstrong humour.
-He that knows better how to tame a shrew,
-Now let him speak: 'tis charity to show.
-
-TRANIO:
-Is't possible, friend Licio, that Mistress Bianca
-Doth fancy any other but Lucentio?
-I tell you, sir, she bears me fair in hand.
-
-HORTENSIO:
-Sir, to satisfy you in what I have said,
-Stand by and mark the manner of his teaching.
-
-LUCENTIO:
-Now, mistress, profit you in what you read?
-
-BIANCA:
-What, master, read you? first resolve me that.
-
-LUCENTIO:
-I read that I profess, the Art to Love.
-
-BIANCA:
-And may you prove, sir, master of your art!
-
-LUCENTIO:
-While you, sweet dear, prove mistress of my heart!
-
-HORTENSIO:
-Quick proceeders, marry! Now, tell me, I pray,
-You that durst swear at your mistress Bianca
-Loved none in the world so well as Lucentio.
-
-TRANIO:
-O despiteful love! unconstant womankind!
-I tell thee, Licio, this is wonderful.
-
-HORTENSIO:
-Mistake no more: I am not Licio,
-Nor a musician, as I seem to be;
-But one that scorn to live in this disguise,
-For such a one as leaves a gentleman,
-And makes a god of such a cullion:
-Know, sir, that I am call'd Hortensio.
-
-TRANIO:
-Signior Hortensio, I have often heard
-Of your entire affection to Bianca;
-And since mine eyes are witness of her lightness,
-I will with you, if you be so contented,
-Forswear Bianca and her love for ever.
-
-HORTENSIO:
-See, how they kiss and court! Signior Lucentio,
-Here is my hand, and here I firmly vow
-Never to woo her no more, but do forswear her,
-As one unworthy all the former favours
-That I have fondly flatter'd her withal.
-
-TRANIO:
-And here I take the unfeigned oath,
-Never to marry with her though she would entreat:
-Fie on her! see, how beastly she doth court him!
-
-HORTENSIO:
-Would all the world but he had quite forsworn!
-For me, that I may surely keep mine oath,
-I will be married to a wealthy widow,
-Ere three days pass, which hath as long loved me
-As I have loved this proud disdainful haggard.
-And so farewell, Signior Lucentio.
-Kindness in women, not their beauteous looks,
-Shall win my love: and so I take my leave,
-In resolution as I swore before.
-
-TRANIO:
-Mistress Bianca, bless you with such grace
-As 'longeth to a lover's blessed case!
-Nay, I have ta'en you napping, gentle love,
-And have forsworn you with Hortensio.
-
-BIANCA:
-Tranio, you jest: but have you both forsworn me?
-
-TRANIO:
-Mistress, we have.
-
-LUCENTIO:
-Then we are rid of Licio.
-
-TRANIO:
-I' faith, he'll have a lusty widow now,
-That shall be wood and wedded in a day.
-
-BIANCA:
-God give him joy!
-
-TRANIO:
-Ay, and he'll tame her.
-
-BIANCA:
-He says so, Tranio.
-
-TRANIO:
-Faith, he is gone unto the taming-school.
-
-BIANCA:
-The taming-school! what, is there such a place?
-
-TRANIO:
-Ay, mistress, and Petruchio is the master;
-That teacheth tricks eleven and twenty long,
-To tame a shrew and charm her chattering tongue.
-
-BIONDELLO:
-O master, master, I have watch'd so long
-That I am dog-weary: but at last I spied
-An ancient angel coming down the hill,
-Will serve the turn.
-
-TRANIO:
-What is he, Biondello?
-
-BIONDELLO:
-Master, a mercatante, or a pedant,
-I know not what; but format in apparel,
-In gait and countenance surely like a father.
-
-LUCENTIO:
-And what of him, Tranio?
-
-TRANIO:
-If he be credulous and trust my tale,
-I'll make him glad to seem Vincentio,
-And give assurance to Baptista Minola,
-As if he were the right Vincentio
-Take in your love, and then let me alone.
-
-Pedant:
-God save you, sir!
-
-TRANIO:
-And you, sir! you are welcome.
-Travel you far on, or are you at the farthest?
-
-Pedant:
-Sir, at the farthest for a week or two:
-But then up farther, and as for as Rome;
-And so to Tripoli, if God lend me life.
-
-TRANIO:
-What countryman, I pray?
-
-Pedant:
-Of Mantua.
-
-TRANIO:
-Of Mantua, sir? marry, God forbid!
-And come to Padua, careless of your life?
-
-Pedant:
-My life, sir! how, I pray? for that goes hard.
-
-TRANIO:
-'Tis death for any one in Mantua
-To come to Padua. Know you not the cause?
-Your ships are stay'd at Venice, and the duke,
-For private quarrel 'twixt your duke and him,
-Hath publish'd and proclaim'd it openly:
-'Tis, marvel, but that you are but newly come,
-You might have heard it else proclaim'd about.
-
-Pedant:
-Alas! sir, it is worse for me than so;
-For I have bills for money by exchange
-From Florence and must here deliver them.
-
-TRANIO:
-Well, sir, to do you courtesy,
-This will I do, and this I will advise you:
-First, tell me, have you ever been at Pisa?
-
-Pedant:
-Ay, sir, in Pisa have I often been,
-Pisa renowned for grave citizens.
-
-TRANIO:
-Among them know you one Vincentio?
-
-Pedant:
-I know him not, but I have heard of him;
-A merchant of incomparable wealth.
-
-TRANIO:
-He is my father, sir; and, sooth to say,
-In countenance somewhat doth resemble you.
-
-TRANIO:
-To save your life in this extremity,
-This favour will I do you for his sake;
-And think it not the worst of an your fortunes
-That you are like to Sir Vincentio.
-His name and credit shall you undertake,
-And in my house you shall be friendly lodged:
-Look that you take upon you as you should;
-You understand me, sir: so shall you stay
-Till you have done your business in the city:
-If this be courtesy, sir, accept of it.
-
-Pedant:
-O sir, I do; and will repute you ever
-The patron of my life and liberty.
-
-TRANIO:
-Then go with me to make the matter good.
-This, by the way, I let you understand;
-my father is here look'd for every day,
-To pass assurance of a dower in marriage
-'Twixt me and one Baptista's daughter here:
-In all these circumstances I'll instruct you:
-Go with me to clothe you as becomes you.
-
-GRUMIO:
-No, no, forsooth; I dare not for my life.
-
-KATHARINA:
-The more my wrong, the more his spite appears:
-What, did he marry me to famish me?
-Beggars, that come unto my father's door,
-Upon entreaty have a present aims;
-If not, elsewhere they meet with charity:
-But I, who never knew how to entreat,
-Nor never needed that I should entreat,
-Am starved for meat, giddy for lack of sleep,
-With oath kept waking and with brawling fed:
-And that which spites me more than all these wants,
-He does it under name of perfect love;
-As who should say, if I should sleep or eat,
-'Twere deadly sickness or else present death.
-I prithee go and get me some repast;
-I care not what, so it be wholesome food.
-
-GRUMIO:
-What say you to a neat's foot?
-
-KATHARINA:
-'Tis passing good: I prithee let me have it.
-
-GRUMIO:
-I fear it is too choleric a meat.
-How say you to a fat tripe finely broil'd?
-
-KATHARINA:
-I like it well: good Grumio, fetch it me.
-
-GRUMIO:
-I cannot tell; I fear 'tis choleric.
-What say you to a piece of beef and mustard?
-
-KATHARINA:
-A dish that I do love to feed upon.
-
-GRUMIO:
-Ay, but the mustard is too hot a little.
-
-KATHARINA:
-Why then, the beef, and let the mustard rest.
-
-GRUMIO:
-Nay then, I will not: you shall have the mustard,
-Or else you get no beef of Grumio.
-
-KATHARINA:
-Then both, or one, or any thing thou wilt.
-
-GRUMIO:
-Why then, the mustard without the beef.
-
-KATHARINA:
-Go, get thee gone, thou false deluding slave,
-That feed'st me with the very name of meat:
-Sorrow on thee and all the pack of you,
-That triumph thus upon my misery!
-Go, get thee gone, I say.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-How fares my Kate? What, sweeting, all amort?
-
-HORTENSIO:
-Mistress, what cheer?
-
-KATHARINA:
-Faith, as cold as can be.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Pluck up thy spirits; look cheerfully upon me.
-Here love; thou see'st how diligent I am
-To dress thy meat myself and bring it thee:
-I am sure, sweet Kate, this kindness merits thanks.
-What, not a word? Nay, then thou lovest it not;
-And all my pains is sorted to no proof.
-Here, take away this dish.
-
-KATHARINA:
-I pray you, let it stand.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-The poorest service is repaid with thanks;
-And so shall mine, before you touch the meat.
-
-KATHARINA:
-I thank you, sir.
-
-HORTENSIO:
-Signior Petruchio, fie! you are to blame.
-Come, mistress Kate, I'll bear you company.
-
-Haberdasher:
-Here is the cap your worship did bespeak.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Why, this was moulded on a porringer;
-A velvet dish: fie, fie! 'tis lewd and filthy:
-Why, 'tis a cockle or a walnut-shell,
-A knack, a toy, a trick, a baby's cap:
-Away with it! come, let me have a bigger.
-
-KATHARINA:
-I'll have no bigger: this doth fit the time,
-And gentlewomen wear such caps as these
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-When you are gentle, you shall have one too,
-And not till then.
-
-KATHARINA:
-Why, sir, I trust I may have leave to speak;
-And speak I will; I am no child, no babe:
-Your betters have endured me say my mind,
-And if you cannot, best you stop your ears.
-My tongue will tell the anger of my heart,
-Or else my heart concealing it will break,
-And rather than it shall, I will be free
-Even to the uttermost, as I please, in words.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Why, thou say'st true; it is a paltry cap,
-A custard-coffin, a bauble, a silken pie:
-I love thee well, in that thou likest it not.
-
-KATHARINA:
-Love me or love me not, I like the cap;
-And it I will have, or I will have none.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Thy gown? why, ay: come, tailor, let us see't.
-O mercy, God! what masquing stuff is here?
-What's this? a sleeve? 'tis like a demi-cannon:
-What, up and down, carved like an apple-tart?
-Here's snip and nip and cut and slish and slash,
-Like to a censer in a barber's shop:
-Why, what, i' devil's name, tailor, call'st thou this?
-
-Tailor:
-You bid me make it orderly and well,
-According to the fashion and the time.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Marry, and did; but if you be remember'd,
-I did not bid you mar it to the time.
-Go, hop me over every kennel home,
-For you shall hop without my custom, sir:
-I'll none of it: hence! make your best of it.
-
-KATHARINA:
-I never saw a better-fashion'd gown,
-More quaint, more pleasing, nor more commendable:
-Belike you mean to make a puppet of me.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Why, true; he means to make a puppet of thee.
-
-Tailor:
-She says your worship means to make
-a puppet of her.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-O monstrous arrogance! Thou liest, thou thread,
-thou thimble,
-Thou yard, three-quarters, half-yard, quarter, nail!
-Thou flea, thou nit, thou winter-cricket thou!
-Braved in mine own house with a skein of thread?
-Away, thou rag, thou quantity, thou remnant;
-Or I shall so be-mete thee with thy yard
-As thou shalt think on prating whilst thou livest!
-I tell thee, I, that thou hast marr'd her gown.
-
-Tailor:
-Your worship is deceived; the gown is made
-Just as my master had direction:
-Grumio gave order how it should be done.
-
-GRUMIO:
-I gave him no order; I gave him the stuff.
-
-Tailor:
-But how did you desire it should be made?
-
-GRUMIO:
-Marry, sir, with needle and thread.
-
-Tailor:
-But did you not request to have it cut?
-
-GRUMIO:
-Thou hast faced many things.
-
-Tailor:
-I have.
-
-GRUMIO:
-Face not me: thou hast braved many men; brave not
-me; I will neither be faced nor braved. I say unto
-thee, I bid thy master cut out the gown; but I did
-not bid him cut it to pieces: ergo, thou liest.
-
-Tailor:
-Why, here is the note of the fashion to testify
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Read it.
-
-GRUMIO:
-The note lies in's throat, if he say I said so.
-
-GRUMIO:
-Master, if ever I said loose-bodied gown, sew me in
-the skirts of it, and beat me to death with a bottom
-of brown thread: I said a gown.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Proceed.
-
-GRUMIO:
-I confess the cape.
-
-GRUMIO:
-I confess two sleeves.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Ay, there's the villany.
-
-GRUMIO:
-Error i' the bill, sir; error i' the bill.
-I commanded the sleeves should be cut out and
-sewed up again; and that I'll prove upon thee,
-though thy little finger be armed in a thimble.
-
-Tailor:
-This is true that I say: an I had thee
-in place where, thou shouldst know it.
-
-GRUMIO:
-I am for thee straight: take thou the
-bill, give me thy mete-yard, and spare not me.
-
-HORTENSIO:
-God-a-mercy, Grumio! then he shall have no odds.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Well, sir, in brief, the gown is not for me.
-
-GRUMIO:
-You are i' the right, sir: 'tis for my mistress.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Go, take it up unto thy master's use.
-
-GRUMIO:
-Villain, not for thy life: take up my mistress'
-gown for thy master's use!
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Why, sir, what's your conceit in that?
-
-GRUMIO:
-O, sir, the conceit is deeper than you think for:
-Take up my mistress' gown to his master's use!
-O, fie, fie, fie!
-
-HORTENSIO:
-Tailor, I'll pay thee for thy gown tomorrow:
-Take no unkindness of his hasty words:
-Away! I say; commend me to thy master.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Well, come, my Kate; we will unto your father's
-Even in these honest mean habiliments:
-Our purses shall be proud, our garments poor;
-For 'tis the mind that makes the body rich;
-And as the sun breaks through the darkest clouds,
-So honour peereth in the meanest habit.
-What is the jay more precious than the lark,
-Because his fathers are more beautiful?
-Or is the adder better than the eel,
-Because his painted skin contents the eye?
-O, no, good Kate; neither art thou the worse
-For this poor furniture and mean array.
-if thou account'st it shame. lay it on me;
-And therefore frolic: we will hence forthwith,
-To feast and sport us at thy father's house.
-Go, call my men, and let us straight to him;
-And bring our horses unto Long-lane end;
-There will we mount, and thither walk on foot
-Let's see; I think 'tis now some seven o'clock,
-And well we may come there by dinner-time.
-
-KATHARINA:
-I dare assure you, sir, 'tis almost two;
-And 'twill be supper-time ere you come there.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-It shall be seven ere I go to horse:
-Look, what I speak, or do, or think to do,
-You are still crossing it. Sirs, let't alone:
-I will not go to-day; and ere I do,
-It shall be what o'clock I say it is.
-
-TRANIO:
-Sir, this is the house: please it you that I call?
-
-Pedant:
-Ay, what else? and but I be deceived
-Signior Baptista may remember me,
-Near twenty years ago, in Genoa,
-Where we were lodgers at the Pegasus.
-
-TRANIO:
-'Tis well; and hold your own, in any case,
-With such austerity as 'longeth to a father.
-
-Pedant:
-I warrant you.
-But, sir, here comes your boy;
-'Twere good he were school'd.
-
-TRANIO:
-Fear you not him. Sirrah Biondello,
-Now do your duty throughly, I advise you:
-Imagine 'twere the right Vincentio.
-
-BIONDELLO:
-Tut, fear not me.
-
-TRANIO:
-But hast thou done thy errand to Baptista?
-
-BIONDELLO:
-I told him that your father was at Venice,
-And that you look'd for him this day in Padua.
-
-TRANIO:
-Thou'rt a tall fellow: hold thee that to drink.
-Here comes Baptista: set your countenance, sir.
-Signior Baptista, you are happily met.
-Sir, this is the gentleman I told you of:
-I pray you stand good father to me now,
-Give me Bianca for my patrimony.
-
-Pedant:
-Soft son!
-Sir, by your leave: having come to Padua
-To gather in some debts, my son Lucentio
-Made me acquainted with a weighty cause
-Of love between your daughter and himself:
-And, for the good report I hear of you
-And for the love he beareth to your daughter
-And she to him, to stay him not too long,
-I am content, in a good father's care,
-To have him match'd; and if you please to like
-No worse than I, upon some agreement
-Me shall you find ready and willing
-With one consent to have her so bestow'd;
-For curious I cannot be with you,
-Signior Baptista, of whom I hear so well.
-
-BAPTISTA:
-Sir, pardon me in what I have to say:
-Your plainness and your shortness please me well.
-Right true it is, your son Lucentio here
-Doth love my daughter and she loveth him,
-Or both dissemble deeply their affections:
-And therefore, if you say no more than this,
-That like a father you will deal with him
-And pass my daughter a sufficient dower,
-The match is made, and all is done:
-Your son shall have my daughter with consent.
-
-TRANIO:
-I thank you, sir. Where then do you know best
-We be affied and such assurance ta'en
-As shall with either part's agreement stand?
-
-BAPTISTA:
-Not in my house, Lucentio; for, you know,
-Pitchers have ears, and I have many servants:
-Besides, old Gremio is hearkening still;
-And happily we might be interrupted.
-
-TRANIO:
-Then at my lodging, an it like you:
-There doth my father lie; and there, this night,
-We'll pass the business privately and well.
-Send for your daughter by your servant here:
-My boy shall fetch the scrivener presently.
-The worst is this, that, at so slender warning,
-You are like to have a thin and slender pittance.
-
-BAPTISTA:
-It likes me well. Biondello, hie you home,
-And bid Bianca make her ready straight;
-And, if you will, tell what hath happened,
-Lucentio's father is arrived in Padua,
-And how she's like to be Lucentio's wife.
-
-BIONDELLO:
-I pray the gods she may with all my heart!
-
-TRANIO:
-Dally not with the gods, but get thee gone.
-Signior Baptista, shall I lead the way?
-Welcome! one mess is like to be your cheer:
-Come, sir; we will better it in Pisa.
-
-BAPTISTA:
-I follow you.
-
-BIONDELLO:
-Cambio!
-
-LUCENTIO:
-What sayest thou, Biondello?
-
-BIONDELLO:
-You saw my master wink and laugh upon you?
-
-LUCENTIO:
-Biondello, what of that?
-
-BIONDELLO:
-Faith, nothing; but has left me here behind, to
-expound the meaning or moral of his signs and tokens.
-
-LUCENTIO:
-I pray thee, moralize them.
-
-BIONDELLO:
-Then thus. Baptista is safe, talking with the
-deceiving father of a deceitful son.
-
-LUCENTIO:
-And what of him?
-
-BIONDELLO:
-His daughter is to be brought by you to the supper.
-
-LUCENTIO:
-And then?
-
-BIONDELLO:
-The old priest of Saint Luke's church is at your
-command at all hours.
-
-LUCENTIO:
-And what of all this?
-
-BIONDELLO:
-I cannot tell; expect they are busied about a
-counterfeit assurance: take you assurance of her,
-'cum privilegio ad imprimendum solum:' to the
-church; take the priest, clerk, and some sufficient
-honest witnesses: If this be not that you look for,
-I have no more to say, But bid Bianca farewell for
-ever and a day.
-
-LUCENTIO:
-Hearest thou, Biondello?
-
-BIONDELLO:
-I cannot tarry: I knew a wench married in an
-afternoon as she went to the garden for parsley to
-stuff a rabbit; and so may you, sir: and so, adieu,
-sir. My master hath appointed me to go to Saint
-Luke's, to bid the priest be ready to come against
-you come with your appendix.
-
-LUCENTIO:
-I may, and will, if she be so contented:
-She will be pleased; then wherefore should I doubt?
-Hap what hap may, I'll roundly go about her:
-It shall go hard if Cambio go without her.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Come on, i' God's name; once more toward our father's.
-Good Lord, how bright and goodly shines the moon!
-
-KATHARINA:
-The moon! the sun: it is not moonlight now.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-I say it is the moon that shines so bright.
-
-KATHARINA:
-I know it is the sun that shines so bright.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Now, by my mother's son, and that's myself,
-It shall be moon, or star, or what I list,
-Or ere I journey to your father's house.
-Go on, and fetch our horses back again.
-Evermore cross'd and cross'd; nothing but cross'd!
-
-HORTENSIO:
-Say as he says, or we shall never go.
-
-KATHARINA:
-Forward, I pray, since we have come so far,
-And be it moon, or sun, or what you please:
-An if you please to call it a rush-candle,
-Henceforth I vow it shall be so for me.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-I say it is the moon.
-
-KATHARINA:
-I know it is the moon.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Nay, then you lie: it is the blessed sun.
-
-KATHARINA:
-Then, God be bless'd, it is the blessed sun:
-But sun it is not, when you say it is not;
-And the moon changes even as your mind.
-What you will have it named, even that it is;
-And so it shall be so for Katharina.
-
-HORTENSIO:
-Petruchio, go thy ways; the field is won.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Well, forward, forward! thus the bowl should run,
-And not unluckily against the bias.
-But, soft! company is coming here.
-Good morrow, gentle mistress: where away?
-Tell me, sweet Kate, and tell me truly too,
-Hast thou beheld a fresher gentlewoman?
-Such war of white and red within her cheeks!
-What stars do spangle heaven with such beauty,
-As those two eyes become that heavenly face?
-Fair lovely maid, once more good day to thee.
-Sweet Kate, embrace her for her beauty's sake.
-
-HORTENSIO:
-A' will make the man mad, to make a woman of him.
-
-KATHARINA:
-Young budding virgin, fair and fresh and sweet,
-Whither away, or where is thy abode?
-Happy the parents of so fair a child;
-Happier the man, whom favourable stars
-Allot thee for his lovely bed-fellow!
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Why, how now, Kate! I hope thou art not mad:
-This is a man, old, wrinkled, faded, wither'd,
-And not a maiden, as thou say'st he is.
-
-KATHARINA:
-Pardon, old father, my mistaking eyes,
-That have been so bedazzled with the sun
-That everything I look on seemeth green:
-Now I perceive thou art a reverend father;
-Pardon, I pray thee, for my mad mistaking.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Do, good old grandsire; and withal make known
-Which way thou travellest: if along with us,
-We shall be joyful of thy company.
-
-VINCENTIO:
-Fair sir, and you my merry mistress,
-That with your strange encounter much amazed me,
-My name is call'd Vincentio; my dwelling Pisa;
-And bound I am to Padua; there to visit
-A son of mine, which long I have not seen.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-What is his name?
-
-VINCENTIO:
-Lucentio, gentle sir.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Happily we met; the happier for thy son.
-And now by law, as well as reverend age,
-I may entitle thee my loving father:
-The sister to my wife, this gentlewoman,
-Thy son by this hath married. Wonder not,
-Nor be grieved: she is of good esteem,
-Her dowery wealthy, and of worthy birth;
-Beside, so qualified as may beseem
-The spouse of any noble gentleman.
-Let me embrace with old Vincentio,
-And wander we to see thy honest son,
-Who will of thy arrival be full joyous.
-
-VINCENTIO:
-But is it true? or else is it your pleasure,
-Like pleasant travellers, to break a jest
-Upon the company you overtake?
-
-HORTENSIO:
-I do assure thee, father, so it is.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Come, go along, and see the truth hereof;
-For our first merriment hath made thee jealous.
-
-HORTENSIO:
-Well, Petruchio, this has put me in heart.
-Have to my widow! and if she be froward,
-Then hast thou taught Hortensio to be untoward.
-
-BIONDELLO:
-Softly and swiftly, sir; for the priest is ready.
-
-LUCENTIO:
-I fly, Biondello: but they may chance to need thee
-at home; therefore leave us.
-
-BIONDELLO:
-Nay, faith, I'll see the church o' your back; and
-then come back to my master's as soon as I can.
-
-GREMIO:
-I marvel Cambio comes not all this while.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Sir, here's the door, this is Lucentio's house:
-My father's bears more toward the market-place;
-Thither must I, and here I leave you, sir.
-
-VINCENTIO:
-You shall not choose but drink before you go:
-I think I shall command your welcome here,
-And, by all likelihood, some cheer is toward.
-
-GREMIO:
-They're busy within; you were best knock louder.
-
-Pedant:
-What's he that knocks as he would beat down the gate?
-
-VINCENTIO:
-Is Signior Lucentio within, sir?
-
-Pedant:
-He's within, sir, but not to be spoken withal.
-
-VINCENTIO:
-What if a man bring him a hundred pound or two, to
-make merry withal?
-
-Pedant:
-Keep your hundred pounds to yourself: he shall
-need none, so long as I live.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Nay, I told you your son was well beloved in Padua.
-Do you hear, sir? To leave frivolous circumstances,
-I pray you, tell Signior Lucentio that his father is
-come from Pisa, and is here at the door to speak with him.
-
-Pedant:
-Thou liest: his father is come from Padua and here
-looking out at the window.
-
-VINCENTIO:
-Art thou his father?
-
-Pedant:
-Ay, sir; so his mother says, if I may believe her.
-
-Pedant:
-Lay hands on the villain: I believe a' means to
-cozen somebody in this city under my countenance.
-
-BIONDELLO:
-I have seen them in the church together: God send
-'em good shipping! But who is here? mine old
-master Vincentio! now we are undone and brought to nothing.
-
-BIONDELLO:
-Hope I may choose, sir.
-
-VINCENTIO:
-Come hither, you rogue. What, have you forgot me?
-
-BIONDELLO:
-Forgot you! no, sir: I could not forget you, for I
-never saw you before in all my life.
-
-VINCENTIO:
-What, you notorious villain, didst thou never see
-thy master's father, Vincentio?
-
-BIONDELLO:
-What, my old worshipful old master? yes, marry, sir:
-see where he looks out of the window.
-
-VINCENTIO:
-Is't so, indeed.
-
-BIONDELLO:
-Help, help, help! here's a madman will murder me.
-
-Pedant:
-Help, son! help, Signior Baptista!
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Prithee, Kate, let's stand aside and see the end of
-this controversy.
-
-TRANIO:
-Sir, what are you that offer to beat my servant?
-
-VINCENTIO:
-What am I, sir! nay, what are you, sir? O immortal
-gods! O fine villain! A silken doublet! a velvet
-hose! a scarlet cloak! and a copatain hat! O, I
-am undone! I am undone! while I play the good
-husband at home, my son and my servant spend all at
-the university.
-
-TRANIO:
-How now! what's the matter?
-
-BAPTISTA:
-What, is the man lunatic?
-
-TRANIO:
-Sir, you seem a sober ancient gentleman by your
-habit, but your words show you a madman. Why, sir,
-what 'cerns it you if I wear pearl and gold? I
-thank my good father, I am able to maintain it.
-
-VINCENTIO:
-Thy father! O villain! he is a sailmaker in Bergamo.
-
-BAPTISTA:
-You mistake, sir, you mistake, sir. Pray, what do
-you think is his name?
-
-VINCENTIO:
-His name! as if I knew not his name: I have brought
-him up ever since he was three years old, and his
-name is Tranio.
-
-Pedant:
-Away, away, mad ass! his name is Lucentio and he is
-mine only son, and heir to the lands of me, Signior Vincentio.
-
-VINCENTIO:
-Lucentio! O, he hath murdered his master! Lay hold
-on him, I charge you, in the duke's name. O, my
-son, my son! Tell me, thou villain, where is my son Lucentio?
-
-TRANIO:
-Call forth an officer.
-Carry this mad knave to the gaol. Father Baptista,
-I charge you see that he be forthcoming.
-
-VINCENTIO:
-Carry me to the gaol!
-
-GREMIO:
-Stay, officer: he shall not go to prison.
-
-BAPTISTA:
-Talk not, Signior Gremio: I say he shall go to prison.
-
-GREMIO:
-Take heed, Signior Baptista, lest you be
-cony-catched in this business: I dare swear this
-is the right Vincentio.
-
-Pedant:
-Swear, if thou darest.
-
-GREMIO:
-Nay, I dare not swear it.
-
-TRANIO:
-Then thou wert best say that I am not Lucentio.
-
-GREMIO:
-Yes, I know thee to be Signior Lucentio.
-
-BAPTISTA:
-Away with the dotard! to the gaol with him!
-
-VINCENTIO:
-Thus strangers may be hailed and abused: O
-monstrous villain!
-
-BIONDELLO:
-O! we are spoiled and--yonder he is: deny him,
-forswear him, or else we are all undone.
-
-VINCENTIO:
-Lives my sweet son?
-
-BIANCA:
-Pardon, dear father.
-
-BAPTISTA:
-How hast thou offended?
-Where is Lucentio?
-
-LUCENTIO:
-Here's Lucentio,
-Right son to the right Vincentio;
-That have by marriage made thy daughter mine,
-While counterfeit supposes bleared thine eyne.
-
-GREMIO:
-Here's packing, with a witness to deceive us all!
-
-VINCENTIO:
-Where is that damned villain Tranio,
-That faced and braved me in this matter so?
-
-BAPTISTA:
-Why, tell me, is not this my Cambio?
-
-BIANCA:
-Cambio is changed into Lucentio.
-
-LUCENTIO:
-Love wrought these miracles. Bianca's love
-Made me exchange my state with Tranio,
-While he did bear my countenance in the town;
-And happily I have arrived at the last
-Unto the wished haven of my bliss.
-What Tranio did, myself enforced him to;
-Then pardon him, sweet father, for my sake.
-
-VINCENTIO:
-I'll slit the villain's nose, that would have sent
-me to the gaol.
-
-BAPTISTA:
-But do you hear, sir? have you married my daughter
-without asking my good will?
-
-VINCENTIO:
-Fear not, Baptista; we will content you, go to: but
-I will in, to be revenged for this villany.
-
-BAPTISTA:
-And I, to sound the depth of this knavery.
-
-LUCENTIO:
-Look not pale, Bianca; thy father will not frown.
-
-GREMIO:
-My cake is dough; but I'll in among the rest,
-Out of hope of all, but my share of the feast.
-
-KATHARINA:
-Husband, let's follow, to see the end of this ado.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-First kiss me, Kate, and we will.
-
-KATHARINA:
-What, in the midst of the street?
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-What, art thou ashamed of me?
-
-KATHARINA:
-No, sir, God forbid; but ashamed to kiss.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Why, then let's home again. Come, sirrah, let's away.
-
-KATHARINA:
-Nay, I will give thee a kiss: now pray thee, love, stay.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Is not this well? Come, my sweet Kate:
-Better once than never, for never too late.
-
-LUCENTIO:
-At last, though long, our jarring notes agree:
-And time it is, when raging war is done,
-To smile at scapes and perils overblown.
-My fair Bianca, bid my father welcome,
-While I with self-same kindness welcome thine.
-Brother Petruchio, sister Katharina,
-And thou, Hortensio, with thy loving widow,
-Feast with the best, and welcome to my house:
-My banquet is to close our stomachs up,
-After our great good cheer. Pray you, sit down;
-For now we sit to chat as well as eat.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Nothing but sit and sit, and eat and eat!
-
-BAPTISTA:
-Padua affords this kindness, son Petruchio.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Padua affords nothing but what is kind.
-
-HORTENSIO:
-For both our sakes, I would that word were true.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Now, for my life, Hortensio fears his widow.
-
-Widow:
-Then never trust me, if I be afeard.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-You are very sensible, and yet you miss my sense:
-I mean, Hortensio is afeard of you.
-
-Widow:
-He that is giddy thinks the world turns round.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Roundly replied.
-
-KATHARINA:
-Mistress, how mean you that?
-
-Widow:
-Thus I conceive by him.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Conceives by me! How likes Hortensio that?
-
-HORTENSIO:
-My widow says, thus she conceives her tale.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Very well mended. Kiss him for that, good widow.
-
-KATHARINA:
-'He that is giddy thinks the world turns round:'
-I pray you, tell me what you meant by that.
-
-Widow:
-Your husband, being troubled with a shrew,
-Measures my husband's sorrow by his woe:
-And now you know my meaning,
-
-KATHARINA:
-A very mean meaning.
-
-Widow:
-Right, I mean you.
-
-KATHARINA:
-And I am mean indeed, respecting you.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-To her, Kate!
-
-HORTENSIO:
-To her, widow!
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-A hundred marks, my Kate does put her down.
-
-HORTENSIO:
-That's my office.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Spoke like an officer; ha' to thee, lad!
-
-BAPTISTA:
-How likes Gremio these quick-witted folks?
-
-GREMIO:
-Believe me, sir, they butt together well.
-
-BIANCA:
-Head, and butt! an hasty-witted body
-Would say your head and butt were head and horn.
-
-VINCENTIO:
-Ay, mistress bride, hath that awaken'd you?
-
-BIANCA:
-Ay, but not frighted me; therefore I'll sleep again.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Nay, that you shall not: since you have begun,
-Have at you for a bitter jest or two!
-
-BIANCA:
-Am I your bird? I mean to shift my bush;
-And then pursue me as you draw your bow.
-You are welcome all.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-She hath prevented me. Here, Signior Tranio.
-This bird you aim'd at, though you hit her not;
-Therefore a health to all that shot and miss'd.
-
-TRANIO:
-O, sir, Lucentio slipp'd me like his greyhound,
-Which runs himself and catches for his master.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-A good swift simile, but something currish.
-
-TRANIO:
-'Tis well, sir, that you hunted for yourself:
-'Tis thought your deer does hold you at a bay.
-
-BAPTISTA:
-O ho, Petruchio! Tranio hits you now.
-
-LUCENTIO:
-I thank thee for that gird, good Tranio.
-
-HORTENSIO:
-Confess, confess, hath he not hit you here?
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-A' has a little gall'd me, I confess;
-And, as the jest did glance away from me,
-'Tis ten to one it maim'd you two outright.
-
-BAPTISTA:
-Now, in good sadness, son Petruchio,
-I think thou hast the veriest shrew of all.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Well, I say no: and therefore for assurance
-Let's each one send unto his wife;
-And he whose wife is most obedient
-To come at first when he doth send for her,
-Shall win the wager which we will propose.
-
-HORTENSIO:
-Content. What is the wager?
-
-LUCENTIO:
-Twenty crowns.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Twenty crowns!
-I'll venture so much of my hawk or hound,
-But twenty times so much upon my wife.
-
-LUCENTIO:
-A hundred then.
-
-HORTENSIO:
-Content.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-A match! 'tis done.
-
-HORTENSIO:
-Who shall begin?
-
-LUCENTIO:
-That will I.
-Go, Biondello, bid your mistress come to me.
-
-BIONDELLO:
-I go.
-
-BAPTISTA:
-Son, I'll be your half, Bianca comes.
-
-LUCENTIO:
-I'll have no halves; I'll bear it all myself.
-How now! what news?
-
-BIONDELLO:
-Sir, my mistress sends you word
-That she is busy and she cannot come.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-How! she is busy and she cannot come!
-Is that an answer?
-
-GREMIO:
-Ay, and a kind one too:
-Pray God, sir, your wife send you not a worse.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-I hope better.
-
-HORTENSIO:
-Sirrah Biondello, go and entreat my wife
-To come to me forthwith.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-O, ho! entreat her!
-Nay, then she must needs come.
-
-HORTENSIO:
-I am afraid, sir,
-Do what you can, yours will not be entreated.
-Now, where's my wife?
-
-BIONDELLO:
-She says you have some goodly jest in hand:
-She will not come: she bids you come to her.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Worse and worse; she will not come! O vile,
-Intolerable, not to be endured!
-Sirrah Grumio, go to your mistress;
-Say, I command her to come to me.
-
-HORTENSIO:
-I know her answer.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-What?
-
-HORTENSIO:
-She will not.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-The fouler fortune mine, and there an end.
-
-BAPTISTA:
-Now, by my holidame, here comes Katharina!
-
-KATHARINA:
-What is your will, sir, that you send for me?
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Where is your sister, and Hortensio's wife?
-
-KATHARINA:
-They sit conferring by the parlor fire.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Go fetch them hither: if they deny to come.
-Swinge me them soundly forth unto their husbands:
-Away, I say, and bring them hither straight.
-
-LUCENTIO:
-Here is a wonder, if you talk of a wonder.
-
-HORTENSIO:
-And so it is: I wonder what it bodes.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Marry, peace it bodes, and love and quiet life,
-And awful rule and right supremacy;
-And, to be short, what not, that's sweet and happy?
-
-BAPTISTA:
-Now, fair befal thee, good Petruchio!
-The wager thou hast won; and I will add
-Unto their losses twenty thousand crowns;
-Another dowry to another daughter,
-For she is changed, as she had never been.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Nay, I will win my wager better yet
-And show more sign of her obedience,
-Her new-built virtue and obedience.
-See where she comes and brings your froward wives
-As prisoners to her womanly persuasion.
-Katharina, that cap of yours becomes you not:
-Off with that bauble, throw it under-foot.
-
-Widow:
-Lord, let me never have a cause to sigh,
-Till I be brought to such a silly pass!
-
-BIANCA:
-Fie! what a foolish duty call you this?
-
-LUCENTIO:
-I would your duty were as foolish too:
-The wisdom of your duty, fair Bianca,
-Hath cost me an hundred crowns since supper-time.
-
-BIANCA:
-The more fool you, for laying on my duty.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Katharina, I charge thee, tell these headstrong women
-What duty they do owe their lords and husbands.
-
-Widow:
-Come, come, you're mocking: we will have no telling.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Come on, I say; and first begin with her.
-
-Widow:
-She shall not.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-I say she shall: and first begin with her.
-
-KATHARINA:
-Fie, fie! unknit that threatening unkind brow,
-And dart not scornful glances from those eyes,
-To wound thy lord, thy king, thy governor:
-It blots thy beauty as frosts do bite the meads,
-Confounds thy fame as whirlwinds shake fair buds,
-And in no sense is meet or amiable.
-A woman moved is like a fountain troubled,
-Muddy, ill-seeming, thick, bereft of beauty;
-And while it is so, none so dry or thirsty
-Will deign to sip or touch one drop of it.
-Thy husband is thy lord, thy life, thy keeper,
-Thy head, thy sovereign; one that cares for thee,
-And for thy maintenance commits his body
-To painful labour both by sea and land,
-To watch the night in storms, the day in cold,
-Whilst thou liest warm at home, secure and safe;
-And craves no other tribute at thy hands
-But love, fair looks and true obedience;
-Too little payment for so great a debt.
-Such duty as the subject owes the prince
-Even such a woman oweth to her husband;
-And when she is froward, peevish, sullen, sour,
-And not obedient to his honest will,
-What is she but a foul contending rebel
-And graceless traitor to her loving lord?
-I am ashamed that women are so simple
-To offer war where they should kneel for peace;
-Or seek for rule, supremacy and sway,
-When they are bound to serve, love and obey.
-Why are our bodies soft and weak and smooth,
-Unapt to toil and trouble in the world,
-But that our soft conditions and our hearts
-Should well agree with our external parts?
-Come, come, you froward and unable worms!
-My mind hath been as big as one of yours,
-My heart as great, my reason haply more,
-To bandy word for word and frown for frown;
-But now I see our lances are but straws,
-Our strength as weak, our weakness past compare,
-That seeming to be most which we indeed least are.
-Then vail your stomachs, for it is no boot,
-And place your hands below your husband's foot:
-In token of which duty, if he please,
-My hand is ready; may it do him ease.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Why, there's a wench! Come on, and kiss me, Kate.
-
-LUCENTIO:
-Well, go thy ways, old lad; for thou shalt ha't.
-
-VINCENTIO:
-'Tis a good hearing when children are toward.
-
-LUCENTIO:
-But a harsh hearing when women are froward.
-
-PETRUCHIO:
-Come, Kate, we'll to bed.
-We three are married, but you two are sped.
-'Twas I won the wager, though you hit the white;
-And, being a winner, God give you good night!
-
-HORTENSIO:
-Now, go thy ways; thou hast tamed a curst shrew.
-
-LUCENTIO:
-'Tis a wonder, by your leave, she will be tamed so.
-
-Master:
-Boatswain!
-
-Boatswain:
-Here, master: what cheer?
-
-Master:
-Good, speak to the mariners: fall to't, yarely,
-or we run ourselves aground: bestir, bestir.
-
-Boatswain:
-Heigh, my hearts! cheerly, cheerly, my hearts!
-yare, yare! Take in the topsail. Tend to the
-master's whistle. Blow, till thou burst thy wind,
-if room enough!
-
-ALONSO:
-Good boatswain, have care. Where's the master?
-Play the men.
-
-Boatswain:
-I pray now, keep below.
-
-ANTONIO:
-Where is the master, boatswain?
-
-Boatswain:
-Do you not hear him? You mar our labour: keep your
-cabins: you do assist the storm.
-
-GONZALO:
-Nay, good, be patient.
-
-Boatswain:
-When the sea is. Hence! What cares these roarers
-for the name of king? To cabin: silence! trouble us not.
-
-GONZALO:
-Good, yet remember whom thou hast aboard.
-
-Boatswain:
-None that I more love than myself. You are a
-counsellor; if you can command these elements to
-silence, and work the peace of the present, we will
-not hand a rope more; use your authority: if you
-cannot, give thanks you have lived so long, and make
-yourself ready in your cabin for the mischance of
-the hour, if it so hap. Cheerly, good hearts! Out
-of our way, I say.
-
-GONZALO:
-I have great comfort from this fellow: methinks he
-hath no drowning mark upon him; his complexion is
-perfect gallows. Stand fast, good Fate, to his
-hanging: make the rope of his destiny our cable,
-for our own doth little advantage. If he be not
-born to be hanged, our case is miserable.
-
-Boatswain:
-Down with the topmast! yare! lower, lower! Bring
-her to try with main-course.
-A plague upon this howling! they are louder than
-the weather or our office.
-Yet again! what do you here? Shall we give o'er
-and drown? Have you a mind to sink?
-
-SEBASTIAN:
-A pox o' your throat, you bawling, blasphemous,
-incharitable dog!
-
-Boatswain:
-Work you then.
-
-ANTONIO:
-Hang, cur! hang, you whoreson, insolent noisemaker!
-We are less afraid to be drowned than thou art.
-
-GONZALO:
-I'll warrant him for drowning; though the ship were
-no stronger than a nutshell and as leaky as an
-unstanched wench.
-
-Boatswain:
-Lay her a-hold, a-hold! set her two courses off to
-sea again; lay her off.
-
-Mariners:
-All lost! to prayers, to prayers! all lost!
-
-Boatswain:
-What, must our mouths be cold?
-
-GONZALO:
-The king and prince at prayers! let's assist them,
-For our case is as theirs.
-
-SEBASTIAN:
-I'm out of patience.
-
-ANTONIO:
-We are merely cheated of our lives by drunkards:
-This wide-chapp'd rascal--would thou mightst lie drowning
-The washing of ten tides!
-
-GONZALO:
-He'll be hang'd yet,
-Though every drop of water swear against it
-And gape at widest to glut him.
-
-ANTONIO:
-Let's all sink with the king.
-
-SEBASTIAN:
-Let's take leave of him.
-
-GONZALO:
-Now would I give a thousand furlongs of sea for an
-acre of barren ground, long heath, brown furze, any
-thing. The wills above be done! but I would fain
-die a dry death.
-
-MIRANDA:
-If by your art, my dearest father, you have
-Put the wild waters in this roar, allay them.
-The sky, it seems, would pour down stinking pitch,
-But that the sea, mounting to the welkin's cheek,
-Dashes the fire out. O, I have suffered
-With those that I saw suffer: a brave vessel,
-Who had, no doubt, some noble creature in her,
-Dash'd all to pieces. O, the cry did knock
-Against my very heart. Poor souls, they perish'd.
-Had I been any god of power, I would
-Have sunk the sea within the earth or ere
-It should the good ship so have swallow'd and
-The fraughting souls within her.
-
-PROSPERO:
-Be collected:
-No more amazement: tell your piteous heart
-There's no harm done.
-
-MIRANDA:
-O, woe the day!
-
-PROSPERO:
-No harm.
-I have done nothing but in care of thee,
-Of thee, my dear one, thee, my daughter, who
-Art ignorant of what thou art, nought knowing
-Of whence I am, nor that I am more better
-Than Prospero, master of a full poor cell,
-And thy no greater father.
-
-MIRANDA:
-More to know
-Did never meddle with my thoughts.
-
-PROSPERO:
-'Tis time
-I should inform thee farther. Lend thy hand,
-And pluck my magic garment from me. So:
-Lie there, my art. Wipe thou thine eyes; have comfort.
-The direful spectacle of the wreck, which touch'd
-The very virtue of compassion in thee,
-I have with such provision in mine art
-So safely ordered that there is no soul--
-No, not so much perdition as an hair
-Betid to any creature in the vessel
-Which thou heard'st cry, which thou saw'st sink. Sit down;
-For thou must now know farther.
-
-MIRANDA:
-You have often
-Begun to tell me what I am, but stopp'd
-And left me to a bootless inquisition,
-Concluding 'Stay: not yet.'
-
-PROSPERO:
-The hour's now come;
-The very minute bids thee ope thine ear;
-Obey and be attentive. Canst thou remember
-A time before we came unto this cell?
-I do not think thou canst, for then thou wast not
-Out three years old.
-
-MIRANDA:
-Certainly, sir, I can.
-
-PROSPERO:
-By what? by any other house or person?
-Of any thing the image tell me that
-Hath kept with thy remembrance.
-
-MIRANDA:
-'Tis far off
-And rather like a dream than an assurance
-That my remembrance warrants. Had I not
-Four or five women once that tended me?
-
-PROSPERO:
-Thou hadst, and more, Miranda. But how is it
-That this lives in thy mind? What seest thou else
-In the dark backward and abysm of time?
-If thou remember'st aught ere thou camest here,
-How thou camest here thou mayst.
-
-MIRANDA:
-But that I do not.
-
-PROSPERO:
-Twelve year since, Miranda, twelve year since,
-Thy father was the Duke of Milan and
-A prince of power.
-
-MIRANDA:
-Sir, are not you my father?
-
-PROSPERO:
-Thy mother was a piece of virtue, and
-She said thou wast my daughter; and thy father
-Was Duke of Milan; and thou his only heir
-And princess no worse issued.
-
-MIRANDA:
-O the heavens!
-What foul play had we, that we came from thence?
-Or blessed was't we did?
-
-PROSPERO:
-Both, both, my girl:
-By foul play, as thou say'st, were we heaved thence,
-But blessedly holp hither.
-
-MIRANDA:
-O, my heart bleeds
-To think o' the teen that I have turn'd you to,
-Which is from my remembrance! Please you, farther.
-
-PROSPERO:
-My brother and thy uncle, call'd Antonio--
-I pray thee, mark me--that a brother should
-Be so perfidious!--he whom next thyself
-Of all the world I loved and to him put
-The manage of my state; as at that time
-Through all the signories it was the first
-And Prospero the prime duke, being so reputed
-In dignity, and for the liberal arts
-Without a parallel; those being all my study,
-The government I cast upon my brother
-And to my state grew stranger, being transported
-And rapt in secret studies. Thy false uncle--
-Dost thou attend me?
-
-MIRANDA:
-Sir, most heedfully.
-
-PROSPERO:
-Being once perfected how to grant suits,
-How to deny them, who to advance and who
-To trash for over-topping, new created
-The creatures that were mine, I say, or changed 'em,
-Or else new form'd 'em; having both the key
-Of officer and office, set all hearts i' the state
-To what tune pleased his ear; that now he was
-The ivy which had hid my princely trunk,
-And suck'd my verdure out on't. Thou attend'st not.
-
-MIRANDA:
-O, good sir, I do.
-
-PROSPERO:
-I pray thee, mark me.
-I, thus neglecting worldly ends, all dedicated
-To closeness and the bettering of my mind
-With that which, but by being so retired,
-O'er-prized all popular rate, in my false brother
-Awaked an evil nature; and my trust,
-Like a good parent, did beget of him
-A falsehood in its contrary as great
-As my trust was; which had indeed no limit,
-A confidence sans bound. He being thus lorded,
-Not only with what my revenue yielded,
-But what my power might else exact, like one
-Who having into truth, by telling of it,
-Made such a sinner of his memory,
-To credit his own lie, he did believe
-He was indeed the duke; out o' the substitution
-And executing the outward face of royalty,
-With all prerogative: hence his ambition growing--
-Dost thou hear?
-
-MIRANDA:
-Your tale, sir, would cure deafness.
-
-PROSPERO:
-To have no screen between this part he play'd
-And him he play'd it for, he needs will be
-Absolute Milan. Me, poor man, my library
-Was dukedom large enough: of temporal royalties
-He thinks me now incapable; confederates--
-So dry he was for sway--wi' the King of Naples
-To give him annual tribute, do him homage,
-Subject his coronet to his crown and bend
-The dukedom yet unbow'd--alas, poor Milan!--
-To most ignoble stooping.
-
-MIRANDA:
-O the heavens!
-
-PROSPERO:
-Mark his condition and the event; then tell me
-If this might be a brother.
-
-MIRANDA:
-I should sin
-To think but nobly of my grandmother:
-Good wombs have borne bad sons.
-
-PROSPERO:
-Now the condition.
-The King of Naples, being an enemy
-To me inveterate, hearkens my brother's suit;
-Which was, that he, in lieu o' the premises
-Of homage and I know not how much tribute,
-Should presently extirpate me and mine
-Out of the dukedom and confer fair Milan
-With all the honours on my brother: whereon,
-A treacherous army levied, one midnight
-Fated to the purpose did Antonio open
-The gates of Milan, and, i' the dead of darkness,
-The ministers for the purpose hurried thence
-Me and thy crying self.
-
-MIRANDA:
-Alack, for pity!
-I, not remembering how I cried out then,
-Will cry it o'er again: it is a hint
-That wrings mine eyes to't.
-
-PROSPERO:
-Hear a little further
-And then I'll bring thee to the present business
-Which now's upon's; without the which this story
-Were most impertinent.
-
-MIRANDA:
-Wherefore did they not
-That hour destroy us?
-
-PROSPERO:
-Well demanded, wench:
-My tale provokes that question. Dear, they durst not,
-So dear the love my people bore me, nor set
-A mark so bloody on the business, but
-With colours fairer painted their foul ends.
-In few, they hurried us aboard a bark,
-Bore us some leagues to sea; where they prepared
-A rotten carcass of a boat, not rigg'd,
-Nor tackle, sail, nor mast; the very rats
-Instinctively had quit it: there they hoist us,
-To cry to the sea that roar'd to us, to sigh
-To the winds whose pity, sighing back again,
-Did us but loving wrong.
-
-MIRANDA:
-Alack, what trouble
-Was I then to you!
-
-PROSPERO:
-O, a cherubim
-Thou wast that did preserve me. Thou didst smile.
-Infused with a fortitude from heaven,
-When I have deck'd the sea with drops full salt,
-Under my burthen groan'd; which raised in me
-An undergoing stomach, to bear up
-Against what should ensue.
-
-MIRANDA:
-How came we ashore?
-
-PROSPERO:
-By Providence divine.
-Some food we had and some fresh water that
-A noble Neapolitan, Gonzalo,
-Out of his charity, being then appointed
-Master of this design, did give us, with
-Rich garments, linens, stuffs and necessaries,
-Which since have steaded much; so, of his gentleness,
-Knowing I loved my books, he furnish'd me
-From mine own library with volumes that
-I prize above my dukedom.
-
-MIRANDA:
-Would I might
-But ever see that man!
-
-PROSPERO:
-Now I arise:
-Sit still, and hear the last of our sea-sorrow.
-Here in this island we arrived; and here
-Have I, thy schoolmaster, made thee more profit
-Than other princesses can that have more time
-For vainer hours and tutors not so careful.
-
-MIRANDA:
-Heavens thank you for't! And now, I pray you, sir,
-For still 'tis beating in my mind, your reason
-For raising this sea-storm?
-
-PROSPERO:
-Know thus far forth.
-By accident most strange, bountiful Fortune,
-Now my dear lady, hath mine enemies
-Brought to this shore; and by my prescience
-I find my zenith doth depend upon
-A most auspicious star, whose influence
-If now I court not but omit, my fortunes
-Will ever after droop. Here cease more questions:
-Thou art inclined to sleep; 'tis a good dulness,
-And give it way: I know thou canst not choose.
-Come away, servant, come. I am ready now.
-Approach, my Ariel, come.
-
-ARIEL:
-All hail, great master! grave sir, hail! I come
-To answer thy best pleasure; be't to fly,
-To swim, to dive into the fire, to ride
-On the curl'd clouds, to thy strong bidding task
-Ariel and all his quality.
-
-PROSPERO:
-Hast thou, spirit,
-Perform'd to point the tempest that I bade thee?
-
-ARIEL:
-To every article.
-I boarded the king's ship; now on the beak,
-Now in the waist, the deck, in every cabin,
-I flamed amazement: sometime I'ld divide,
-And burn in many places; on the topmast,
-The yards and bowsprit, would I flame distinctly,
-Then meet and join. Jove's lightnings, the precursors
-O' the dreadful thunder-claps, more momentary
-And sight-outrunning were not; the fire and cracks
-Of sulphurous roaring the most mighty Neptune
-Seem to besiege and make his bold waves tremble,
-Yea, his dread trident shake.
-
-PROSPERO:
-My brave spirit!
-Who was so firm, so constant, that this coil
-Would not infect his reason?
-
-ARIEL:
-Not a soul
-But felt a fever of the mad and play'd
-Some tricks of desperation. All but mariners
-Plunged in the foaming brine and quit the vessel,
-Then all afire with me: the king's son, Ferdinand,
-With hair up-staring,--then like reeds, not hair,--
-Was the first man that leap'd; cried, 'Hell is empty
-And all the devils are here.'
-
-PROSPERO:
-Why that's my spirit!
-But was not this nigh shore?
-
-ARIEL:
-Close by, my master.
-
-PROSPERO:
-But are they, Ariel, safe?
-
-ARIEL:
-Not a hair perish'd;
-On their sustaining garments not a blemish,
-But fresher than before: and, as thou badest me,
-In troops I have dispersed them 'bout the isle.
-The king's son have I landed by himself;
-Whom I left cooling of the air with sighs
-In an odd angle of the isle and sitting,
-His arms in this sad knot.
-
-PROSPERO:
-Of the king's ship
-The mariners say how thou hast disposed
-And all the rest o' the fleet.
-
-ARIEL:
-Safely in harbour
-Is the king's ship; in the deep nook, where once
-Thou call'dst me up at midnight to fetch dew
-From the still-vex'd Bermoothes, there she's hid:
-The mariners all under hatches stow'd;
-Who, with a charm join'd to their suffer'd labour,
-I have left asleep; and for the rest o' the fleet
-Which I dispersed, they all have met again
-And are upon the Mediterranean flote,
-Bound sadly home for Naples,
-Supposing that they saw the king's ship wreck'd
-And his great person perish.
-
-PROSPERO:
-Ariel, thy charge
-Exactly is perform'd: but there's more work.
-What is the time o' the day?
-
-ARIEL:
-Past the mid season.
-
-PROSPERO:
-At least two glasses. The time 'twixt six and now
-Must by us both be spent most preciously.
-
-ARIEL:
-Is there more toil? Since thou dost give me pains,
-Let me remember thee what thou hast promised,
-Which is not yet perform'd me.
-
-PROSPERO:
-How now? moody?
-What is't thou canst demand?
-
-ARIEL:
-My liberty.
-
-PROSPERO:
-Before the time be out? no more!
-
-ARIEL:
-I prithee,
-Remember I have done thee worthy service;
-Told thee no lies, made thee no mistakings, served
-Without or grudge or grumblings: thou didst promise
-To bate me a full year.
-
-PROSPERO:
-Dost thou forget
-From what a torment I did free thee?
-
-ARIEL:
-No.
-
-PROSPERO:
-Thou dost, and think'st it much to tread the ooze
-Of the salt deep,
-To run upon the sharp wind of the north,
-To do me business in the veins o' the earth
-When it is baked with frost.
-
-ARIEL:
-I do not, sir.
-
-PROSPERO:
-Thou liest, malignant thing! Hast thou forgot
-The foul witch Sycorax, who with age and envy
-Was grown into a hoop? hast thou forgot her?
-
-ARIEL:
-No, sir.
-
-PROSPERO:
-Thou hast. Where was she born? speak; tell me.
-
-ARIEL:
-Sir, in Argier.
-
-PROSPERO:
-O, was she so? I must
-Once in a month recount what thou hast been,
-Which thou forget'st. This damn'd witch Sycorax,
-For mischiefs manifold and sorceries terrible
-To enter human hearing, from Argier,
-Thou know'st, was banish'd: for one thing she did
-They would not take her life. Is not this true?
-
-ARIEL:
-Ay, sir.
-
-PROSPERO:
-This blue-eyed hag was hither brought with child
-And here was left by the sailors. Thou, my slave,
-As thou report'st thyself, wast then her servant;
-And, for thou wast a spirit too delicate
-To act her earthy and abhorr'd commands,
-Refusing her grand hests, she did confine thee,
-By help of her more potent ministers
-And in her most unmitigable rage,
-Into a cloven pine; within which rift
-Imprison'd thou didst painfully remain
-A dozen years; within which space she died
-And left thee there; where thou didst vent thy groans
-As fast as mill-wheels strike. Then was this island--
-Save for the son that she did litter here,
-A freckled whelp hag-born--not honour'd with
-A human shape.
-
-ARIEL:
-Yes, Caliban her son.
-
-PROSPERO:
-Dull thing, I say so; he, that Caliban
-Whom now I keep in service. Thou best know'st
-What torment I did find thee in; thy groans
-Did make wolves howl and penetrate the breasts
-Of ever angry bears: it was a torment
-To lay upon the damn'd, which Sycorax
-Could not again undo: it was mine art,
-When I arrived and heard thee, that made gape
-The pine and let thee out.
-
-ARIEL:
-I thank thee, master.
-
-PROSPERO:
-If thou more murmur'st, I will rend an oak
-And peg thee in his knotty entrails till
-Thou hast howl'd away twelve winters.
-
-ARIEL:
-Pardon, master;
-I will be correspondent to command
-And do my spiriting gently.
-
-PROSPERO:
-Do so, and after two days
-I will discharge thee.
-
-ARIEL:
-That's my noble master!
-What shall I do? say what; what shall I do?
-
-PROSPERO:
-Go make thyself like a nymph o' the sea: be subject
-To no sight but thine and mine, invisible
-To every eyeball else. Go take this shape
-And hither come in't: go, hence with diligence!
-Awake, dear heart, awake! thou hast slept well; Awake!
-
-MIRANDA:
-The strangeness of your story put
-Heaviness in me.
-
-PROSPERO:
-Shake it off. Come on;
-We'll visit Caliban my slave, who never
-Yields us kind answer.
-
-MIRANDA:
-'Tis a villain, sir,
-I do not love to look on.
-
-PROSPERO:
-But, as 'tis,
-We cannot miss him: he does make our fire,
-Fetch in our wood and serves in offices
-That profit us. What, ho! slave! Caliban!
-Thou earth, thou! speak.
-
-PROSPERO:
-Come forth, I say! there's other business for thee:
-Come, thou tortoise! when?
-Fine apparition! My quaint Ariel,
-Hark in thine ear.
-
-ARIEL:
-My lord it shall be done.
-
-PROSPERO:
-Thou poisonous slave, got by the devil himself
-Upon thy wicked dam, come forth!
-
-CALIBAN:
-As wicked dew as e'er my mother brush'd
-With raven's feather from unwholesome fen
-Drop on you both! a south-west blow on ye
-And blister you all o'er!
-
-PROSPERO:
-For this, be sure, to-night thou shalt have cramps,
-Side-stitches that shall pen thy breath up; urchins
-Shall, for that vast of night that they may work,
-All exercise on thee; thou shalt be pinch'd
-As thick as honeycomb, each pinch more stinging
-Than bees that made 'em.
-
-CALIBAN:
-I must eat my dinner.
-This island's mine, by Sycorax my mother,
-Which thou takest from me. When thou camest first,
-Thou strokedst me and madest much of me, wouldst give me
-Water with berries in't, and teach me how
-To name the bigger light, and how the less,
-That burn by day and night: and then I loved thee
-And show'd thee all the qualities o' the isle,
-The fresh springs, brine-pits, barren place and fertile:
-Cursed be I that did so! All the charms
-Of Sycorax, toads, beetles, bats, light on you!
-For I am all the subjects that you have,
-Which first was mine own king: and here you sty me
-In this hard rock, whiles you do keep from me
-The rest o' the island.
-
-PROSPERO:
-Thou most lying slave,
-Whom stripes may move, not kindness! I have used thee,
-Filth as thou art, with human care, and lodged thee
-In mine own cell, till thou didst seek to violate
-The honour of my child.
-
-CALIBAN:
-O ho, O ho! would't had been done!
-Thou didst prevent me; I had peopled else
-This isle with Calibans.
-
-PROSPERO:
-Abhorred slave,
-Which any print of goodness wilt not take,
-Being capable of all ill! I pitied thee,
-Took pains to make thee speak, taught thee each hour
-One thing or other: when thou didst not, savage,
-Know thine own meaning, but wouldst gabble like
-A thing most brutish, I endow'd thy purposes
-With words that made them known. But thy vile race,
-Though thou didst learn, had that in't which
-good natures
-Could not abide to be with; therefore wast thou
-Deservedly confined into this rock,
-Who hadst deserved more than a prison.
-
-CALIBAN:
-You taught me language; and my profit on't
-Is, I know how to curse. The red plague rid you
-For learning me your language!
-
-PROSPERO:
-Hag-seed, hence!
-Fetch us in fuel; and be quick, thou'rt best,
-To answer other business. Shrug'st thou, malice?
-If thou neglect'st or dost unwillingly
-What I command, I'll rack thee with old cramps,
-Fill all thy bones with aches, make thee roar
-That beasts shall tremble at thy din.
-
-CALIBAN:
-No, pray thee.
-I must obey: his art is of such power,
-It would control my dam's god, Setebos,
-and make a vassal of him.
-
-PROSPERO:
-So, slave; hence!
-Come unto these yellow sands,
-And then take hands:
-Courtsied when you have and kiss'd
-The wild waves whist,
-Foot it featly here and there;
-And, sweet sprites, the burthen bear.
-Hark, hark!
-
-FERDINAND:
-Where should this music be? i' the air or the earth?
-It sounds no more: and sure, it waits upon
-Some god o' the island. Sitting on a bank,
-Weeping again the king my father's wreck,
-This music crept by me upon the waters,
-Allaying both their fury and my passion
-With its sweet air: thence I have follow'd it,
-Or it hath drawn me rather. But 'tis gone.
-No, it begins again.
-Full fathom five thy father lies;
-Of his bones are coral made;
-Those are pearls that were his eyes:
-Nothing of him that doth fade
-But doth suffer a sea-change
-Into something rich and strange.
-Sea-nymphs hourly ring his knell
-Hark! now I hear them,--Ding-dong, bell.
-
-FERDINAND:
-The ditty does remember my drown'd father.
-This is no mortal business, nor no sound
-That the earth owes. I hear it now above me.
-
-PROSPERO:
-The fringed curtains of thine eye advance
-And say what thou seest yond.
-
-MIRANDA:
-What is't? a spirit?
-Lord, how it looks about! Believe me, sir,
-It carries a brave form. But 'tis a spirit.
-
-PROSPERO:
-No, wench; it eats and sleeps and hath such senses
-As we have, such. This gallant which thou seest
-Was in the wreck; and, but he's something stain'd
-With grief that's beauty's canker, thou mightst call him
-A goodly person: he hath lost his fellows
-And strays about to find 'em.
-
-MIRANDA:
-I might call him
-A thing divine, for nothing natural
-I ever saw so noble.
-
-FERDINAND:
-Most sure, the goddess
-On whom these airs attend! Vouchsafe my prayer
-May know if you remain upon this island;
-And that you will some good instruction give
-How I may bear me here: my prime request,
-Which I do last pronounce, is, O you wonder!
-If you be maid or no?
-
-MIRANDA:
-No wonder, sir;
-But certainly a maid.
-
-FERDINAND:
-My language! heavens!
-I am the best of them that speak this speech,
-Were I but where 'tis spoken.
-
-PROSPERO:
-How? the best?
-What wert thou, if the King of Naples heard thee?
-
-FERDINAND:
-A single thing, as I am now, that wonders
-To hear thee speak of Naples. He does hear me;
-And that he does I weep: myself am Naples,
-Who with mine eyes, never since at ebb, beheld
-The king my father wreck'd.
-
-MIRANDA:
-Alack, for mercy!
-
-FERDINAND:
-Yes, faith, and all his lords; the Duke of Milan
-And his brave son being twain.
-
-MIRANDA:
-Why speaks my father so ungently? This
-Is the third man that e'er I saw, the first
-That e'er I sigh'd for: pity move my father
-To be inclined my way!
-
-FERDINAND:
-O, if a virgin,
-And your affection not gone forth, I'll make you
-The queen of Naples.
-
-PROSPERO:
-Soft, sir! one word more.
-They are both in either's powers; but this swift business
-I must uneasy make, lest too light winning
-Make the prize light.
-One word more; I charge thee
-That thou attend me: thou dost here usurp
-The name thou owest not; and hast put thyself
-Upon this island as a spy, to win it
-From me, the lord on't.
-
-FERDINAND:
-No, as I am a man.
-
-MIRANDA:
-There's nothing ill can dwell in such a temple:
-If the ill spirit have so fair a house,
-Good things will strive to dwell with't.
-
-PROSPERO:
-Follow me.
-Speak not you for him; he's a traitor. Come;
-I'll manacle thy neck and feet together:
-Sea-water shalt thou drink; thy food shall be
-The fresh-brook muscles, wither'd roots and husks
-Wherein the acorn cradled. Follow.
-
-FERDINAND:
-No;
-I will resist such entertainment till
-Mine enemy has more power.
-
-MIRANDA:
-O dear father,
-Make not too rash a trial of him, for
-He's gentle and not fearful.
-
-PROSPERO:
-What? I say,
-My foot my tutor? Put thy sword up, traitor;
-Who makest a show but darest not strike, thy conscience
-Is so possess'd with guilt: come from thy ward,
-For I can here disarm thee with this stick
-And make thy weapon drop.
-
-MIRANDA:
-Beseech you, father.
-
-PROSPERO:
-Hence! hang not on my garments.
-
-MIRANDA:
-Sir, have pity;
-I'll be his surety.
-
-PROSPERO:
-Silence! one word more
-Shall make me chide thee, if not hate thee. What!
-An advocate for an imposter! hush!
-Thou think'st there is no more such shapes as he,
-Having seen but him and Caliban: foolish wench!
-To the most of men this is a Caliban
-And they to him are angels.
-
-MIRANDA:
-My affections
-Are then most humble; I have no ambition
-To see a goodlier man.
-
-PROSPERO:
-Come on; obey:
-Thy nerves are in their infancy again
-And have no vigour in them.
-
-FERDINAND:
-So they are;
-My spirits, as in a dream, are all bound up.
-My father's loss, the weakness which I feel,
-The wreck of all my friends, nor this man's threats,
-To whom I am subdued, are but light to me,
-Might I but through my prison once a day
-Behold this maid: all corners else o' the earth
-Let liberty make use of; space enough
-Have I in such a prison.
-
-MIRANDA:
-Be of comfort;
-My father's of a better nature, sir,
-Than he appears by speech: this is unwonted
-Which now came from him.
-
-PROSPERO:
-Thou shalt be free
-As mountain winds: but then exactly do
-All points of my command.
-
-ARIEL:
-To the syllable.
-
-PROSPERO:
-Come, follow. Speak not for him.
-
-GONZALO:
-Beseech you, sir, be merry; you have cause,
-So have we all, of joy; for our escape
-Is much beyond our loss. Our hint of woe
-Is common; every day some sailor's wife,
-The masters of some merchant and the merchant
-Have just our theme of woe; but for the miracle,
-I mean our preservation, few in millions
-Can speak like us: then wisely, good sir, weigh
-Our sorrow with our comfort.
-
-ALONSO:
-Prithee, peace.
-
-SEBASTIAN:
-He receives comfort like cold porridge.
-
-ANTONIO:
-The visitor will not give him o'er so.
-
-SEBASTIAN:
-Look he's winding up the watch of his wit;
-by and by it will strike.
-
-GONZALO:
-Sir,--
-
-SEBASTIAN:
-One: tell.
-
-GONZALO:
-When every grief is entertain'd that's offer'd,
-Comes to the entertainer--
-
-SEBASTIAN:
-A dollar.
-
-GONZALO:
-Dolour comes to him, indeed: you
-have spoken truer than you purposed.
-
-SEBASTIAN:
-You have taken it wiselier than I meant you should.
-
-GONZALO:
-Therefore, my lord,--
-
-ANTONIO:
-Fie, what a spendthrift is he of his tongue!
-
-ALONSO:
-I prithee, spare.
-
-GONZALO:
-Well, I have done: but yet,--
-
-SEBASTIAN:
-He will be talking.
-
-ANTONIO:
-Which, of he or Adrian, for a good
-wager, first begins to crow?
-
-SEBASTIAN:
-The old cock.
-
-ANTONIO:
-The cockerel.
-
-SEBASTIAN:
-Done. The wager?
-
-ANTONIO:
-A laughter.
-
-SEBASTIAN:
-A match!
-
-ADRIAN:
-Though this island seem to be desert,--
-
-SEBASTIAN:
-Ha, ha, ha! So, you're paid.
-
-ADRIAN:
-Uninhabitable and almost inaccessible,--
-
-SEBASTIAN:
-Yet,--
-
-ADRIAN:
-Yet,--
-
-ANTONIO:
-He could not miss't.
-
-ADRIAN:
-It must needs be of subtle, tender and delicate
-temperance.
-
-ANTONIO:
-Temperance was a delicate wench.
-
-SEBASTIAN:
-Ay, and a subtle; as he most learnedly delivered.
-
-ADRIAN:
-The air breathes upon us here most sweetly.
-
-SEBASTIAN:
-As if it had lungs and rotten ones.
-
-ANTONIO:
-Or as 'twere perfumed by a fen.
-
-GONZALO:
-Here is everything advantageous to life.
-
-ANTONIO:
-True; save means to live.
-
-SEBASTIAN:
-Of that there's none, or little.
-
-GONZALO:
-How lush and lusty the grass looks! how green!
-
-ANTONIO:
-The ground indeed is tawny.
-
-SEBASTIAN:
-With an eye of green in't.
-
-ANTONIO:
-He misses not much.
-
-SEBASTIAN:
-No; he doth but mistake the truth totally.
-
-GONZALO:
-But the rarity of it is,--which is indeed almost
-beyond credit,--
-
-SEBASTIAN:
-As many vouched rarities are.
-
-GONZALO:
-That our garments, being, as they were, drenched in
-the sea, hold notwithstanding their freshness and
-glosses, being rather new-dyed than stained with
-salt water.
-
-ANTONIO:
-If but one of his pockets could speak, would it not
-say he lies?
-
-SEBASTIAN:
-Ay, or very falsely pocket up his report
-
-GONZALO:
-Methinks our garments are now as fresh as when we
-put them on first in Afric, at the marriage of
-the king's fair daughter Claribel to the King of Tunis.
-
-SEBASTIAN:
-'Twas a sweet marriage, and we prosper well in our return.
-
-ADRIAN:
-Tunis was never graced before with such a paragon to
-their queen.
-
-GONZALO:
-Not since widow Dido's time.
-
-ANTONIO:
-Widow! a pox o' that! How came that widow in?
-widow Dido!
-
-SEBASTIAN:
-What if he had said 'widower AEneas' too? Good Lord,
-how you take it!
-
-ADRIAN:
-'Widow Dido' said you? you make me study of that:
-she was of Carthage, not of Tunis.
-
-GONZALO:
-This Tunis, sir, was Carthage.
-
-ADRIAN:
-Carthage?
-
-GONZALO:
-I assure you, Carthage.
-
-SEBASTIAN:
-His word is more than the miraculous harp; he hath
-raised the wall and houses too.
-
-ANTONIO:
-What impossible matter will he make easy next?
-
-SEBASTIAN:
-I think he will carry this island home in his pocket
-and give it his son for an apple.
-
-ANTONIO:
-And, sowing the kernels of it in the sea, bring
-forth more islands.
-
-GONZALO:
-Ay.
-
-ANTONIO:
-Why, in good time.
-
-GONZALO:
-Sir, we were talking that our garments seem now
-as fresh as when we were at Tunis at the marriage
-of your daughter, who is now queen.
-
-ANTONIO:
-And the rarest that e'er came there.
-
-SEBASTIAN:
-Bate, I beseech you, widow Dido.
-
-ANTONIO:
-O, widow Dido! ay, widow Dido.
-
-GONZALO:
-Is not, sir, my doublet as fresh as the first day I
-wore it? I mean, in a sort.
-
-ANTONIO:
-That sort was well fished for.
-
-GONZALO:
-When I wore it at your daughter's marriage?
-
-ALONSO:
-You cram these words into mine ears against
-The stomach of my sense. Would I had never
-Married my daughter there! for, coming thence,
-My son is lost and, in my rate, she too,
-Who is so far from Italy removed
-I ne'er again shall see her. O thou mine heir
-Of Naples and of Milan, what strange fish
-Hath made his meal on thee?
-
-FRANCISCO:
-Sir, he may live:
-I saw him beat the surges under him,
-And ride upon their backs; he trod the water,
-Whose enmity he flung aside, and breasted
-The surge most swoln that met him; his bold head
-'Bove the contentious waves he kept, and oar'd
-Himself with his good arms in lusty stroke
-To the shore, that o'er his wave-worn basis bow'd,
-As stooping to relieve him: I not doubt
-He came alive to land.
-
-ALONSO:
-No, no, he's gone.
-
-SEBASTIAN:
-Sir, you may thank yourself for this great loss,
-That would not bless our Europe with your daughter,
-But rather lose her to an African;
-Where she at least is banish'd from your eye,
-Who hath cause to wet the grief on't.
-
-ALONSO:
-Prithee, peace.
-
-SEBASTIAN:
-You were kneel'd to and importuned otherwise
-By all of us, and the fair soul herself
-Weigh'd between loathness and obedience, at
-Which end o' the beam should bow. We have lost your
-son,
-I fear, for ever: Milan and Naples have
-More widows in them of this business' making
-Than we bring men to comfort them:
-The fault's your own.
-
-ALONSO:
-So is the dear'st o' the loss.
-
-GONZALO:
-My lord Sebastian,
-The truth you speak doth lack some gentleness
-And time to speak it in: you rub the sore,
-When you should bring the plaster.
-
-SEBASTIAN:
-Very well.
-
-ANTONIO:
-And most chirurgeonly.
-
-GONZALO:
-It is foul weather in us all, good sir,
-When you are cloudy.
-
-SEBASTIAN:
-Foul weather?
-
-ANTONIO:
-Very foul.
-
-GONZALO:
-Had I plantation of this isle, my lord,--
-
-ANTONIO:
-He'ld sow't with nettle-seed.
-
-SEBASTIAN:
-Or docks, or mallows.
-
-GONZALO:
-And were the king on't, what would I do?
-
-SEBASTIAN:
-'Scape being drunk for want of wine.
-
-GONZALO:
-I' the commonwealth I would by contraries
-Execute all things; for no kind of traffic
-Would I admit; no name of magistrate;
-Letters should not be known; riches, poverty,
-And use of service, none; contract, succession,
-Bourn, bound of land, tilth, vineyard, none;
-No use of metal, corn, or wine, or oil;
-No occupation; all men idle, all;
-And women too, but innocent and pure;
-No sovereignty;--
-
-SEBASTIAN:
-Yet he would be king on't.
-
-ANTONIO:
-The latter end of his commonwealth forgets the
-beginning.
-
-GONZALO:
-All things in common nature should produce
-Without sweat or endeavour: treason, felony,
-Sword, pike, knife, gun, or need of any engine,
-Would I not have; but nature should bring forth,
-Of its own kind, all foison, all abundance,
-To feed my innocent people.
-
-SEBASTIAN:
-No marrying 'mong his subjects?
-
-ANTONIO:
-None, man; all idle: whores and knaves.
-
-GONZALO:
-I would with such perfection govern, sir,
-To excel the golden age.
-
-SEBASTIAN:
-God save his majesty!
-
-ANTONIO:
-Long live Gonzalo!
-
-GONZALO:
-And,--do you mark me, sir?
-
-ALONSO:
-Prithee, no more: thou dost talk nothing to me.
-
-GONZALO:
-I do well believe your highness; and
-did it to minister occasion to these gentlemen,
-who are of such sensible and nimble lungs that
-they always use to laugh at nothing.
-
-ANTONIO:
-'Twas you we laughed at.
-
-GONZALO:
-Who in this kind of merry fooling am nothing
-to you: so you may continue and laugh at
-nothing still.
-
-ANTONIO:
-What a blow was there given!
-
-SEBASTIAN:
-An it had not fallen flat-long.
-
-GONZALO:
-You are gentlemen of brave metal; you would lift
-the moon out of her sphere, if she would continue
-in it five weeks without changing.
-
-SEBASTIAN:
-We would so, and then go a bat-fowling.
-
-ANTONIO:
-Nay, good my lord, be not angry.
-
-GONZALO:
-No, I warrant you; I will not adventure
-my discretion so weakly. Will you laugh
-me asleep, for I am very heavy?
-
-ANTONIO:
-Go sleep, and hear us.
-
-ALONSO:
-What, all so soon asleep! I wish mine eyes
-Would, with themselves, shut up my thoughts: I find
-They are inclined to do so.
-
-SEBASTIAN:
-Please you, sir,
-Do not omit the heavy offer of it:
-It seldom visits sorrow; when it doth,
-It is a comforter.
-
-ANTONIO:
-We two, my lord,
-Will guard your person while you take your rest,
-And watch your safety.
-
-ALONSO:
-Thank you. Wondrous heavy.
-
-SEBASTIAN:
-What a strange drowsiness possesses them!
-
-ANTONIO:
-It is the quality o' the climate.
-
-SEBASTIAN:
-Why
-Doth it not then our eyelids sink? I find not
-Myself disposed to sleep.
-
-ANTONIO:
-Nor I; my spirits are nimble.
-They fell together all, as by consent;
-They dropp'd, as by a thunder-stroke. What might,
-Worthy Sebastian? O, what might?--No more:--
-And yet me thinks I see it in thy face,
-What thou shouldst be: the occasion speaks thee, and
-My strong imagination sees a crown
-Dropping upon thy head.
-
-SEBASTIAN:
-What, art thou waking?
-
-ANTONIO:
-Do you not hear me speak?
-
-SEBASTIAN:
-I do; and surely
-It is a sleepy language and thou speak'st
-Out of thy sleep. What is it thou didst say?
-This is a strange repose, to be asleep
-With eyes wide open; standing, speaking, moving,
-And yet so fast asleep.
-
-ANTONIO:
-Noble Sebastian,
-Thou let'st thy fortune sleep--die, rather; wink'st
-Whiles thou art waking.
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f4/src/main/scala/f4/F4Data.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f4/src/main/scala/f4/F4Data.scala
deleted file mode 100644
index 8f243cfb83125412295dfcfe7878f186971f0ce7..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f4/src/main/scala/f4/F4Data.scala
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,49 +0,0 @@
-package f4
-
-import scala.io.Source
-import scala.io.Codec
-
-object F4Data {
- val punctuationRx = "[,:;?!.'\"]+".r
-
- def linesIterator: Iterator[String] = {
- Option(getClass.getResourceAsStream("/f4/shakespeare.txt")) match {
- case Some(resource) =>
- DoubleLineIterator(Source.fromInputStream(resource)(Codec.UTF8))
- case None =>
- throw new RuntimeException("The resource with the corpus is unexpectedly missing, please inform the staff.")
- }
- }
-
- def lines = linesIterator.toSeq
-}
-
-class DoubleLineIterator(underlying: Iterator[Char]) extends scala.collection.AbstractIterator[String] with Iterator[String] {
- private[this] val sb = new StringBuilder
-
- lazy val iter: BufferedIterator[Char] = underlying.buffered
-
- def getc(): Boolean = iter.hasNext && {
- val ch = iter.next()
- if (ch == '\n') {
- val has = iter.hasNext
- val ch2 = if has then iter.next() else ' '
- if (has && ch2 == '\n')
- false
- else {
- sb append ' '
- sb append ch2
- true
- }
- } else {
- sb append ch
- true
- }
- }
- def hasNext: Boolean = iter.hasNext
- def next(): String = {
- sb.clear()
- while (getc()) { }
- sb.toString
- }
-}
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f4/src/main/scala/f4/NGrams.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f4/src/main/scala/f4/NGrams.scala
deleted file mode 100644
index 20545f4132c6f081d7f33eb89ffff5413a1900da..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f4/src/main/scala/f4/NGrams.scala
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,216 +0,0 @@
-package f4
-
-import org.apache.spark.SparkConf
-import org.apache.spark.SparkContext
-import org.apache.spark.SparkContext._
-import org.apache.log4j.{Logger, Level}
-
-import org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD
-
-import scala.util.Properties.isWin
-
-/** This class calculates word n-gram frequencies in the text it receives, but
- * the implementation is faulty and the result is calculated locally.
- *
- * Your tasks will revolve around fixing the implementation, making the
- * calculation distributed and finally, calculating per-speaker word n-gram
- * frequencies.
- */
-abstract class NGrams {
- type Triple[T] = (T, T, T)
- type NGramMap = Map[(String, String, String), Int]
-
- val sc: SparkContext
- val lines: Seq[String]
-
- val punctuationRx = "[-,:;?!.'\"]+".r
- def removePunctuation(str: String) = punctuationRx.replaceAllIn(str, "")
- def splitIntoWords(str: String) = str.trim.split("\\s+")
-
- /** Splits a string into a sequence of n-grams.
- *
- * There are two issues with the implementation:
- * [TASK 1]
- * Capitalization of words should not matter.
- * Convert all words in n-grams to lower case.
- *
- * [TASK 2]
- * If a sentence has less than 3 words, "fake" words should be added to its end.
- * For such sentences, add empty strings at the end.
- */
- def splitIntoNGrams(line: String): List[Triple[String]] = {
-
- val words = splitIntoWords(removePunctuation(line).toLowerCase)
-
- words.sliding(3).map { seq =>
- def at(i: Int) = if i < seq.length then seq(i) else ""
- (at(0), at(1), at(2))
- }.toList
- }
-
- def createNGramsRDD(lines: Seq[String]): RDD[List[Triple[String]]] =
- sc.parallelize(lines).map(splitIntoNGrams)
-
- /** This function _locally_ calculates the frequency of n-grams it receives. */
- def localNGrams(ngrams: RDD[List[Triple[String]]]): NGramMap = {
- ngrams.toLocalIterator
- .flatMap(ngramSeq => ngramSeq.map { ng =>
- Map(ng -> 1)
- })
- .reduce { (left, right) =>
- right.foldLeft(left) {
- case (left, (ng, weightA)) =>
- left.updatedWith(ng)(weightBOpt => Some(weightA + weightBOpt.getOrElse(0)))
- }
- }
- }
-
- /** [TASK 3] Based on the above code, calculate n-gram frequency in a
- * distributed manner. Define [[aggregateNGrams_zero]],
- * [[aggregateNGrams_seqOp]], [[aggregateNGrams_combOp]] in such a way that
- * this function will return the same result as the one above.
- */
- final def aggregateNGrams(ngrams: RDD[List[Triple[String]]]): NGramMap =
- ngrams.aggregate(aggregateNGrams_zero)(aggregateNGrams_seqOp, aggregateNGrams_combOp)
-
- def aggregateNGrams_zero: NGramMap =
-
- Map.empty[Triple[String], Int]
-
- def aggregateNGrams_seqOp(acc: NGramMap, ngramSeq: List[Triple[String]]) =
-
- ngramSeq.foldLeft(acc) {
- case (acc, ng) =>
- acc.updatedWith(ng)(w => Some(w.getOrElse(0) + 1))
- }
-
- def aggregateNGrams_combOp(acc: NGramMap, ngramMap: NGramMap) =
-
- ngramMap.foldLeft(acc) {
- case (acc, (ng, w)) =>
- acc.updatedWith(ng)(ww => Some(w + ww.getOrElse(0)))
- }
-
- /** Your two final tasks are about using Spark to calculate the n-gram frequency
- * per each speaker in the play.
- *
- * [TASK 4]
- * To extract each line's speaker from the text, implement [[createSpeakerLinesRDD]].
- *
- * [TASK 5]
- * To calculate the n-gram frequency, define [[createSpeakerLineNGramsRDD]]
- * and [[createSpeakerNGramsRDD]].
- */
- final def calculateSpeakerLineNGrams(lines: Seq[String]): Map[String, NGramMap] =
- createSpeakerNGramsRDD(createSpeakerLineNGramsRDD(createSpeakerLinesRDD(lines)))
- .toLocalIterator.toMap
-
- /** Use [[lines]] to create an RDD of (Speaker, Line) pairs.
- *
- * Each line in [[lines]] looks like "SPEAKER: LINE". To separate the two,
- * consider using the `.split` method on [[String]]. You can assume that the
- * speaker's name doesn't contain a colon.
- */
- def createSpeakerLinesRDD(lines: Seq[String]): RDD[(String, String)] =
-
- sc.parallelize(lines)
- .map { s =>
- val Array(speaker, line) = s.split(":", 2)
- assert(line != "", speaker)
- speaker -> line
- }
-
- /** Takes the result of [[createSpeakerLinesRDD]] and calculates n-grams for each
- * sentence, WITHOUT aggregating by speaker. Example:
- * ```
- * val input = Seq(
- * "First Citizen" -> "Before we proceed! Before we proceed, hear me speak."
- * "First Citizen" -> "Hear me speak."
- * "SEBASTIAN" -> "Art thou waking?"
- * )
- *
- * val output = Seq(
- * "First Citizen" -> Map(
- * ("before", "we", "proceed") -> 2,
- * ("hear", "me", "speak") -> 1,
- * // other n-grams following from the first sentence...
- * ),
- * "First Citizen" -> Map(
- * ("hear", "me", "speak") -> 1,
- * ),
- * "SEBASTIAN" -> Map(
- * ("art", "thou", "waking") -> 1,
- * ),
- * )
- * ```
- */
- def createSpeakerLineNGramsRDD(
- speakerLines: RDD[(String, String)]
- ): RDD[(String, NGramMap)] =
-
- speakerLines
- .mapValues { s =>
- splitIntoNGrams(s)
- .map(List(_))
- .foldLeft(aggregateNGrams_zero)(aggregateNGrams_seqOp)
- }
-
- /** Takes the result of [[createSpeakerLineNGramsRDD]] and aggregates the n-grams
- * per each speaker. Example:
- * ```
- * val input = Seq(
- * "First Citizen" -> Map(
- * ("before", "we", "proceed") -> 1,
- * ("hear", "me", "speak") -> 1,
- * ),
- * "First Citizen" -> Map(("hear", "me", "speak") -> 1),
- * "SEBASTIAN" -> Map(("art", "thou", "waking") -> 1),
- * "SEBASTIAN" -> Map(("art", "thou", "waking") -> 1),
- * )
- *
- * val output = Seq(
- * "First Citizen" -> Map(
- * ("before", "we", "proceed") -> 1,
- * ("hear", "me", "speak") -> 2,
- * ),
- * "SEBASTIAN" -> Map(("art", "thou", "waking") -> 2),
- * )
- * ```
- */
- def createSpeakerNGramsRDD(
- speakerLineNGrams: RDD[(String, NGramMap)]
- ): RDD[(String, NGramMap)] =
-
- speakerLineNGrams
- .groupByKey
- .mapValues(_.reduce(aggregateNGrams_combOp))
- }
-
-object NGrams extends NGrams {
- // Reduce Spark logging verbosity
- Logger.getLogger("org").setLevel(Level.ERROR)
-
- val conf: SparkConf = new SparkConf().setMaster("local[2]").setAppName("NGram")
-
- val sc: SparkContext = new SparkContext(conf)
- val lines = F4Data.lines
-
- def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
- timed("main", {
- val rdd =
- createSpeakerNGramsRDD(createSpeakerLineNGramsRDD(createSpeakerLinesRDD(lines)))
- rdd.toLocalIterator.foreach { p =>
- println(p)
- }
- })
- }
-
- val timing = new StringBuilder
- def timed[T](label: String, code: => T): T = {
- val start = System.currentTimeMillis()
- val result = code
- val stop = System.currentTimeMillis()
- timing.append(s"Processing $label took ${stop - start} ms.\n")
- result
- }
-}
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f4/src/test/scala/f4/F4Suite.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f4/src/test/scala/f4/F4Suite.scala
deleted file mode 100644
index e1798c1c1727d7154c7a444cae24035faeb176fc..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f4/src/test/scala/f4/F4Suite.scala
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,255 +0,0 @@
-package f4
-
-import org.apache.spark.SparkConf
-import org.apache.spark.SparkContext
-import org.apache.spark.SparkContext._
-
-class F4Suite extends munit.FunSuite, HelperMethods {
-
- /** If this method fails, it means that the code provided as a starting point no longer works correctly. */
- private def sanityCheck(): Unit = {
- val line = "before we proceed - before we proceed, hear me speak."
- assertSameElements(
- actual = TestNGrams.splitIntoNGrams(line),
- expected = List(
- ("before", "we", "proceed"),
- ("we", "proceed", "before"),
- ("proceed", "before", "we"),
- ("before", "we", "proceed"),
- ("we", "proceed", "hear"),
- ("proceed", "hear", "me"),
- ("hear", "me", "speak"),
- )
- )
- }
-
- test("'splitIntoNGrams' should lowercase all words in the sentence (1pts)") {
- sanityCheck()
- val line = "Hear CLAUDIUS speak!"
- assertSameElements(
- actual = TestNGrams.splitIntoNGrams(line),
- expected = List(("hear", "claudius", "speak")),
- )
- }
-
- test("'splitIntoNGrams' should pad ngrams with empty strings (1pts)") {
- sanityCheck()
- assertSameElements(
- actual = TestNGrams.splitIntoNGrams("no."),
- expected = List(("no", "", "")),
- )
-
- assertSameElements(
- actual = TestNGrams.splitIntoNGrams("not yet"),
- expected = List(("not", "yet", ""))
- )
- }
-
- // NOTE: you will be graded based on the result of running your code on the entire corpus
- test("'aggregateNGrams' should correctly aggregate n-grams (unit test) (1pts)") {
- val testLines = Seq(
- "Before we proceed, hear me speak.",
- "Before we proceed.",
- "Hear me speak.",
- "Art thou waking?",
- )
-
- def aggregateNGrams(lines: Seq[String]) = {
- import TestNGrams.{lines => _, *}
- createNGramsRDD(lines)
- .aggregate(aggregateNGrams_zero)(aggregateNGrams_seqOp, aggregateNGrams_combOp)
- }
-
- assertSameElements(
- actual = aggregateNGrams(testLines).toList,
- expected = List(
- ("before", "we", "proceed") -> 2,
- ("art", "thou", "waking") -> 1,
- ("hear", "me", "speak") -> 2,
- ("proceed", "hear", "me") -> 1,
- ("we", "proceed", "hear") -> 1,
- )
- )
- }
-
- test("'createSpeakerLinesRDD' should correctly split speakers and lines (1pts)") {
- val testLines = List(
- "First Citizen: Before we proceed, hear me speak.",
- "First Citizen: Before we proceed: hear me speak.",
- "First Citizen: Before we proceed.",
- "Second Citizen: Hear me speak.",
- "SEBASTIAN: Art thou waking?",
- "ANTONIO: Do you not hear me speak?",
- )
- val expected = List(
- "First Citizen" -> "Before we proceed, hear me speak.",
- "First Citizen" -> "Before we proceed: hear me speak.",
- "First Citizen" -> "Before we proceed.",
- "Second Citizen" -> "Hear me speak.",
- "SEBASTIAN" -> "Art thou waking?",
- "ANTONIO" -> "Do you not hear me speak?",
- )
- assertSameElements(
- actual = TestNGrams.createSpeakerLinesRDD(testLines).toLocalIterator.map {
- (k, v) => k.trim -> v.trim
- }.toList,
- expected = expected,
- )
- }
-
- // NOTE: you will be graded based on the result of running your code on the entire corpus
- test("Speaker-specific n-grams should be correctly calculated (unit test) (1pts)") {
- val testLines = List(
- "First Citizen: Before we proceed, hear me speak.",
- "First Citizen: Before we proceed.",
- "Second Citizen: Hear me speak.",
- "SEBASTIAN: Art thou waking?",
- "ANTONIO: Do you not hear me speak?",
- )
-
- def speakerNGramsIter(lines: Seq[String]) = {
- import TestNGrams.{lines => _, *}
- createSpeakerNGramsRDD(createSpeakerLineNGramsRDD(createSpeakerLinesRDD(lines)))
- .toLocalIterator
- }
-
- assertSameElements(
- actual = speakerNGramsIter(testLines).toList,
- expected = List(
- ("SEBASTIAN", Map(("art","thou","waking") -> 1)),
- ("ANTONIO", Map(("do", "you", "not") -> 1, ("you", "not", "hear") -> 1, ("not", "hear", "me") -> 1, ("hear", "me", "speak") -> 1)),
- ("First Citizen", Map(("before", "we", "proceed") -> 2, ("we", "proceed", "hear") -> 1, ("proceed", "hear", "me") -> 1, ("hear", "me", "speak") -> 1)),
- ("Second Citizen", Map(("hear", "me", "speak") -> 1))
- )
- )
- }
-
- }
-
-trait HelperMethods {
- /**
- * Creates a truncated string representation of a list, adding ", ...)" if there
- * are too many elements to show
- * @param l The list to preview
- * @param n The number of elements to cut it at
- * @return A preview of the list, containing at most n elements.
- */
- def previewList[A](l: List[A], n: Int = 10): String =
- if (l.length <= n) l.toString
- else l.take(n).toString.dropRight(1) + ", ...)"
-
- /**
- * Asserts that all the elements in a given list and an expected list are the same,
- * regardless of order. For a prettier output, given and expected should be sorted
- * with the same ordering.
- * @param actual The actual list
- * @param expected The expected list
- * @tparam A Type of the list elements
- */
- def assertSameElements[A](actual: List[A], expected: List[A]): Unit = {
- val givenSet = actual.toSet
- val expectedSet = expected.toSet
-
- val unexpected = givenSet -- expectedSet
- val missing = expectedSet -- givenSet
-
- val noUnexpectedElements = unexpected.isEmpty
- val noMissingElements = missing.isEmpty
-
- val noMatchString =
- s"""
- |Expected: ${previewList(expected)}
- |Actual: ${previewList(actual)}""".stripMargin
-
- assert(noUnexpectedElements,
- s"""|$noMatchString
- |The given collection contains some unexpected elements: ${previewList(unexpected.toList, 5)}""".stripMargin)
-
- assert(noMissingElements,
- s"""|$noMatchString
- |The given collection is missing some expected elements: ${previewList(missing.toList, 5)}""".stripMargin)
- }
-
- // Conditions:
- // (1) the language stats contain the same elements
- // (2) they are ordered (and the order doesn't matter if there are several languages with the same count)
- def assertEquivalentAndOrdered(actual: List[(String, Int)], expected: List[(String, Int)]): Unit = {
- // (1)
- assertSameElements(actual, expected)
- // (2)
- assert(
- !(actual zip actual.tail).exists({ case ((_, occ1), (_, occ2)) => occ1 < occ2 }),
- "The given elements are not in descending order"
- )
- }
-}
-
-object TestNGrams extends NGrams {
- import org.apache.spark.SparkConf
- import org.apache.spark.SparkContext
- import org.apache.spark.SparkContext._
- import org.apache.log4j.{Logger, Level}
-
- import org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD
-
- import scala.util.Properties.isWin
-
- // Reduce Spark logging verbosity
- Logger.getLogger("org").setLevel(Level.ERROR)
-
- if (isWin) System.setProperty("hadoop.home.dir", System.getProperty("user.dir") + "\\winutils\\hadoop-2.7.4")
-
- val conf: SparkConf = new SparkConf().setMaster("local[2]").setAppName("NGram")
-
- val sc: SparkContext = new SparkContext(conf)
- val lines = F4TestData.lines
-}
-
-object F4TestData {
- import scala.io.Source
- import scala.io.Codec
-
- val punctuationRx = "[,:;?!.'\"]+".r
-
- def linesIterator: Iterator[String] = {
- Option(getClass.getResourceAsStream("/f4/shakespeare.txt")) match {
- case Some(resource) =>
- DoubleLineIterator(Source.fromInputStream(resource)(Codec.UTF8))
- case None =>
- throw new RuntimeException("The resource with the corpus is unexpectedly missing, please inform the staff.")
- }
- }
-
- def lines = linesIterator.toSeq
-}
-
-class DoubleLineIterator(underlying: Iterator[Char]) extends scala.collection.AbstractIterator[String] with Iterator[String] {
- private[this] val sb = new StringBuilder
-
- lazy val iter: BufferedIterator[Char] = underlying.buffered
-
- def getc(): Boolean = iter.hasNext && {
- val ch = iter.next()
- if (ch == '\n') {
- val has = iter.hasNext
- val ch2 = if has then iter.next() else ' '
- if (has && ch2 == '\n')
- false
- else {
- sb append ' '
- sb append ch2
- true
- }
- } else {
- sb append ch
- true
- }
- }
- def hasNext: Boolean = iter.hasNext
- def next(): String = {
- sb.clear()
- while (getc()) { }
- sb.toString
- }
-}
-
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final01.md b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final01.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..582f003c0744a6364b88921f0786ef74293ecc9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final01.md
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+# Problem 1: Futures
+
+## Setup
+
+Use the following commands to make a fresh clone of your repository:
+
+```
+git clone -b concpar21final01 git@gitlab.epfl.ch:lamp/student-repositories-s22/cs206-GASPAR.git concpar21final01
+```
+
+If you have issues with the IDE, try [reimporting the
+build](https://gitlab.epfl.ch/lamp/cs206/-/blob/master/labs/example-lab.md#troubleshooting),
+if you still have problems, use `compile` in sbt instead.
+
+## Useful links
+
+ * [The API documentation of the Scala standard library](https://www.scala-lang.org/files/archive/api/2.13.4)
+ * [The API documentation of the Java standard library](https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/15/docs/api/index.html)
+ * [The API documentation of the Play framework](https://www.playframework.com/documentation/2.8.x/api/scala/index.html)
+
+## Exercise
+
+In this exercise, your task is to implement a leaderboard webpage for a GitLab-based exam. This leaderboard is live in the sense that it is constructed on the fly by extracting grades directly from GitLab pipelines: it is always up to date.
+
+This exercise uses the Play framework, a popular web application framework.
+Play is entirely asynchronous and uses futures for concurrency.
+
+In `src/main/scala/concpar21final01/MyComponents.scala`, we define a minimal Play application to display the leaderboard (you do not need to modify this file).
+
+You can start this application using `sbt run` and open the leaderboard in a web browser at [http://localhost:9000/](http://localhost:9000/). After having completed this exercise, you should see a populated leaderboard as shown in this screenshot:
+
+
+
+In this exercise, your task is to implement the `leaderboard()` method in `src/main/scala/concpar21final01/Problem1.scala` which asynchronously retrieves and sorts student grades.
+Grades should be sorted such that maximum grades appear at the head of the list, like in the screenshot above.
+Your implementation should use the following two methods to get the list of students and the grade of a particular student:
+
+```scala
+/** Retrieve a student's grade using GitLab's API */
+def getGrade(sciper: Int): Future[Option[Grade]]
+
+/** Retrieve the list of enrolled students from IS-academia */
+def getScipers(): Future[List[Int]]
+```
+
+These methods have mock implementations that return made-up values after a short delay (simulating a network call).
+Your implementation should be asynchronous (it is forbidden to use the `Await.result` method).
+Furthermore, given the large number of students, calls to the GitLab API should be made in parallel such that the overall request is completed in about 1 second.
+
+*Hint:* this exercise can be solved without writing any recursive functions! You are allowed to use every function defined on [Future][1] and [List][2], as well as functions defined on their companion objects ([Future][3], [List][4]).
+
+[1]: https://www.scala-lang.org/api/2.13.4/scala/concurrent/Future.html
+[2]: https://www.scala-lang.org/api/2.13.4/scala/collection/immutable/List.html
+[3]: https://www.scala-lang.org/api/2.13.4/scala/concurrent/Future$.html
+[4]: https://www.scala-lang.org/api/2.13.4/scala/collection/immutable/List$.html
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final01/.gitignore b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final01/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d094868cd9b4b92462501f0510a8bf72881ec542
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final01/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+*.DS_Store
+*.swp
+*~
+*.class
+*.tasty
+target/
+logs/
+.bloop
+.bsp
+.dotty-ide-artifact
+.dotty-ide.json
+.idea
+.metals
+.vscode
+*.csv
+*.dat
+metals.sbt
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f2/assignment.sbt b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final01/assignment.sbt
similarity index 55%
rename from previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f2/assignment.sbt
rename to previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final01/assignment.sbt
index da7eb3c8347293a18da0025fcd6060d8f8f7cc11..d38b4f897512c8645042d6a12a0c33c5584828c3 100644
--- a/previous-exams/2021-final-solutions/f2/assignment.sbt
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final01/assignment.sbt
@@ -1,2 +1,5 @@
// Student tasks (i.e. submit, packageSubmission)
enablePlugins(StudentTasks)
+
+assignmentVersion.withRank(KeyRanks.Invisible) := "eadbf7a6"
+
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final01/build.sbt b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final01/build.sbt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8296da33001986056a2bf7795d99dff74bd23000
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final01/build.sbt
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+course := "concpar"
+assignment := "concpar21final01"
+scalaVersion := "3.1.0"
+
+scalacOptions ++= Seq("-language:implicitConversions")
+libraryDependencies += "org.scalameta" %% "munit" % "1.0.0-M3" % Test
+
+enablePlugins(PlayScala)
+disablePlugins(PlayLayoutPlugin)
+
+libraryDependencies := libraryDependencies.value.map(dep =>
+ if(dep.organization == "com.typesafe.play") dep.cross(CrossVersion.for3Use2_13)
+ else dep
+)
+
+val MUnitFramework = new TestFramework("munit.Framework")
+testFrameworks += MUnitFramework
+// Decode Scala names
+testOptions += Tests.Argument(MUnitFramework, "-s")
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final01/grading-tests.jar b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final01/grading-tests.jar
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2255720b53c706abe7d3e1ee9e84a52e54380075
Binary files /dev/null and b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final01/grading-tests.jar differ
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final01/project/MOOCSettings.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final01/project/MOOCSettings.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..347cc6e5d59073cf532986c82151cbc44887108f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final01/project/MOOCSettings.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+package ch.epfl.lamp
+
+import sbt._
+import sbt.Keys._
+
+/**
+ * Settings shared by all assignments, reused in various tasks.
+ */
+object MOOCSettings extends AutoPlugin {
+
+ object autoImport {
+ val course = SettingKey[String]("course")
+ val assignment = SettingKey[String]("assignment")
+ val datasetUrl = settingKey[String]("URL of the dataset used for testing")
+ val downloadDataset = taskKey[File]("Download the dataset required for the assignment")
+ val assignmentVersion = settingKey[String]("Hash string indicating the version of the assignment")
+ }
+
+ import autoImport._
+
+ lazy val downloadDatasetDef = downloadDataset := {
+ val logger = streams.value.log
+
+ datasetUrl.?.value match {
+ case Some(url) =>
+
+ import scalaj.http.Http
+ import sbt.io.IO
+ val dest = (Compile / resourceManaged).value / assignment.value / url.split("/").last
+ if (!dest.exists()) {
+ IO.touch(dest)
+ logger.info(s"Downloading $url")
+ val res = Http(url).method("GET")
+ val is = res.asBytes.body
+ IO.write(dest, is)
+ }
+ dest
+ case None =>
+ logger.info(s"No dataset defined in datasetUrl")
+ throw new sbt.MessageOnlyException("No dataset to download for this assignment")
+ }
+ }
+
+ override val projectSettings: Seq[Def.Setting[_]] = Seq(
+ downloadDatasetDef,
+ Test / parallelExecution := false,
+ // Report test result after each test instead of waiting for every test to finish
+ Test / logBuffered := false,
+ name := s"${course.value}-${assignment.value}"
+ )
+}
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final01/project/StudentTasks.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final01/project/StudentTasks.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1ae03c11516a13a55e094a936b02fed588c2a9e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final01/project/StudentTasks.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+package ch.epfl.lamp
+
+import sbt._
+import Keys._
+import scalafix.sbt.ScalafixPlugin.autoImport._
+
+import java.io.{File, FileInputStream, IOException}
+import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64
+
+/**
+ * Provides tasks for submitting the assignment
+ */
+object StudentTasks extends AutoPlugin {
+
+ override def requires = super.requires && MOOCSettings
+
+ object autoImport {
+ val packageSourcesOnly = TaskKey[File]("packageSourcesOnly", "Package the sources of the project")
+ val packageBinWithoutResources = TaskKey[File]("packageBinWithoutResources", "Like packageBin, but without the resources")
+
+ val packageSubmissionZip = TaskKey[File]("packageSubmissionZip")
+
+ val packageSubmission = inputKey[Unit]("package solution as an archive file")
+ lazy val Grading = config("grading") extend(Runtime)
+ }
+
+ import autoImport._
+
+ // Run scalafix linting after compilation to avoid seeing parser errors twice
+ // Keep in sync with the use of scalafix in Grader
+ // (--exclude doesn't work (https://github.com/lampepfl-courses/moocs/pull/28#issuecomment-427894795)
+ // so we customize unmanagedSources below instead)
+ val scalafixLinting = Def.taskDyn {
+ if (new File(".scalafix.conf").exists()) {
+ (Compile / scalafix).toTask(" --check").dependsOn(Compile / compile)
+ } else Def.task(())
+ }
+
+ val testsJar = file("grading-tests.jar")
+
+ override lazy val projectSettings = Seq(
+ // Run scalafix linting in parallel with the tests
+ (Test / test) := {
+ scalafixLinting.value
+ (Test / test).value
+ },
+
+ packageSubmissionSetting,
+
+ fork := true,
+ run / connectInput := true,
+ outputStrategy := Some(StdoutOutput),
+ scalafixConfig := {
+ val scalafixDotConf = (baseDirectory.value / ".scalafix.conf")
+ if (scalafixDotConf.exists) Some(scalafixDotConf) else None
+ }
+ ) ++ packageSubmissionZipSettings ++ (
+ if(testsJar.exists) inConfig(Grading)(Defaults.testSettings ++ Seq(
+ unmanagedJars += testsJar,
+ definedTests := (Test / definedTests).value,
+ internalDependencyClasspath := (Test / internalDependencyClasspath).value,
+ managedClasspath := (Test / managedClasspath).value,
+ ))
+ else Nil
+ )
+
+ val packageSubmissionZipSettings = Seq(
+ packageSubmissionZip := {
+ val submission = crossTarget.value / "submission.zip"
+ val sources = (Compile / packageSourcesOnly).value
+ val binaries = (Compile / packageBinWithoutResources).value
+ IO.zip(Seq(sources -> "sources.zip", binaries -> "binaries.jar"), submission, None)
+ submission
+ },
+ packageSourcesOnly / artifactClassifier := Some("sources"),
+ Compile / packageBinWithoutResources / artifact ~= (art => art.withName(art.name + "-without-resources"))
+ ) ++
+ inConfig(Compile)(
+ Defaults.packageTaskSettings(packageSourcesOnly, Defaults.sourceMappings) ++
+ Defaults.packageTaskSettings(packageBinWithoutResources, Def.task {
+ val relativePaths =
+ (Compile / resources).value.flatMap(Path.relativeTo((Compile / resourceDirectories).value)(_))
+ (Compile / packageBin / mappings).value.filterNot { case (_, path) => relativePaths.contains(path) }
+ })
+ )
+
+ val maxSubmitFileSize = {
+ val mb = 1024 * 1024
+ 10 * mb
+ }
+
+ def prepareJar(jar: File, s: TaskStreams): String = {
+ val errPrefix = "Error submitting assignment jar: "
+ val fileLength = jar.length()
+ if (!jar.exists()) {
+ s.log.error(errPrefix + "jar archive does not exist\n" + jar.getAbsolutePath)
+ failSubmit()
+ } else if (fileLength == 0L) {
+ s.log.error(errPrefix + "jar archive is empty\n" + jar.getAbsolutePath)
+ failSubmit()
+ } else if (fileLength > maxSubmitFileSize) {
+ s.log.error(errPrefix + "jar archive is too big. Allowed size: " +
+ maxSubmitFileSize + " bytes, found " + fileLength + " bytes.\n" +
+ jar.getAbsolutePath)
+ failSubmit()
+ } else {
+ val bytes = new Array[Byte](fileLength.toInt)
+ val sizeRead = try {
+ val is = new FileInputStream(jar)
+ val read = is.read(bytes)
+ is.close()
+ read
+ } catch {
+ case ex: IOException =>
+ s.log.error(errPrefix + "failed to read sources jar archive\n" + ex.toString)
+ failSubmit()
+ }
+ if (sizeRead != bytes.length) {
+ s.log.error(errPrefix + "failed to read the sources jar archive, size read: " + sizeRead)
+ failSubmit()
+ } else encodeBase64(bytes)
+ }
+ }
+
+ /** Task to package solution to a given file path */
+ lazy val packageSubmissionSetting = packageSubmission := {
+ // Fail if scalafix linting does not pass.
+ scalafixLinting.value
+
+ val args: Seq[String] = Def.spaceDelimited("[path]").parsed
+ val s: TaskStreams = streams.value // for logging
+ val jar = (Compile / packageSubmissionZip).value
+
+ val base64Jar = prepareJar(jar, s)
+
+ val path = args.headOption.getOrElse((baseDirectory.value / "submission.jar").absolutePath)
+ scala.tools.nsc.io.File(path).writeAll(base64Jar)
+ }
+
+ def failSubmit(): Nothing = {
+ sys.error("Submission failed")
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * *****************
+ * DEALING WITH JARS
+ */
+ def encodeBase64(bytes: Array[Byte]): String =
+ new String(Base64.encodeBase64(bytes))
+}
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final01/project/build.properties b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final01/project/build.properties
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3161d2146c631009a4d731d13510aeaddc9cf47e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final01/project/build.properties
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+sbt.version=1.6.1
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final01/project/buildSettings.sbt b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final01/project/buildSettings.sbt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1d987356b002ed0ad6c32492aa0bf2532370edf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final01/project/buildSettings.sbt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// Used for Coursera submission (StudentPlugin)
+libraryDependencies += "org.scalaj" %% "scalaj-http" % "2.4.2"
+libraryDependencies += "com.typesafe.play" %% "play-json" % "2.9.2"
+// Used for Base64 (StudentPlugin)
+libraryDependencies += "commons-codec" % "commons-codec" % "1.15"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final01/project/plugins.sbt b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final01/project/plugins.sbt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3c7aad8964d825963f87341033685db13d1000d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final01/project/plugins.sbt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+addSbtPlugin("ch.epfl.scala" % "sbt-scalafix" % "0.9.26")
+addSbtPlugin("com.typesafe.play" % "sbt-plugin" % "2.8.8")
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final01/src/main/resources/application.conf b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final01/src/main/resources/application.conf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b2f71b4b890ae4198c93f926848ce4a13d4eb801
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final01/src/main/resources/application.conf
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+play.application.loader=concpar21final01.MyApplicationLoader
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final01/src/main/scala/concpar21final01/MyComponents.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final01/src/main/scala/concpar21final01/MyComponents.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5b960ec66c0344e9f0751d02523c5b1a47e5e519
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final01/src/main/scala/concpar21final01/MyComponents.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+package concpar21final01
+
+import play.api.{ApplicationLoader, BuiltInComponentsFromContext}
+import play.api.mvc.Results.Ok
+import play.api.routing.sird.*
+import play.api.routing.Router
+import play.api.ApplicationLoader.Context
+import play.filters.HttpFiltersComponents
+
+import scala.concurrent.ExecutionContext.Implicits.global
+import scala.concurrent.Future
+import scala.util.Random
+
+class MyApplicationLoader extends ApplicationLoader:
+ def load(context: Context) =
+ new MyComponents(context).application
+
+class MyComponents(context: Context)
+ extends BuiltInComponentsFromContext(context)
+ with HttpFiltersComponents:
+
+ lazy val router = Router.from { case GET(p"/") =>
+ Action.async {
+ (new Problem1MockData)
+ .leaderboard()
+ .map(leaderboardHTML)
+ .map(Ok(_).as("text/html"))
+ }
+ }
+
+ def leaderboardHTML(data: List[Grade]): String =
+ s"""
+ |<!DOCTYPE html>
+ |<html>
+ | <head>
+ | <title>Leaderboard</title>
+ | </head>
+ | <body>
+ | <h1>Leaderboard:</h1>
+ | <ul>
+ | ${data
+ .map { case Grade(sciper, g) =>
+ val grade = "%1.2f".format(g)
+ s"<li>$sciper : $grade</li>"
+ }
+ .mkString("\n ")}
+ | </ul>
+ | </body>
+ |</html>
+ """.trim.stripMargin
+
+class Problem1MockData extends Problem1:
+ def getGrade(sciper: Int): Future[Option[Grade]] =
+ Future {
+ // In an actual implementation, this is where we would make a call to
+ // the GitLab APIs. This mock returns a random grade after a short delay.
+ Thread.sleep(15) // GitLab is pretty fast today...
+ val rand = new Random(sciper)
+ val grade = rand.nextInt(6).toDouble + rand.nextDouble()
+ if sciper < 100000 || sciper > 999999 || sciper % 10 == 0 then None
+ else Some(Grade(sciper, grade))
+ }
+
+ /** Retrieve the list of enrolled students from IS-academia
+ */
+ def getScipers(): Future[List[Int]] =
+ Future {
+ Thread.sleep(100)
+ List( // A fake list of SCIPER numbers
+ 301425, 207372, 320658, 300217, 224523, 301068, 331020, 331095, 320270,
+ 320742, 299310, 300974, 322202, 343357, 302632, 343366, 320229, 269364,
+ 320004, 321830, 219188, 300834, 320992, 299237, 298016, 300397, 269857,
+ 300492, 300481, 279254, 320967, 300443, 300329, 300305, 331158, 310402,
+ 279067, 300682, 259825, 351616, 310869, 301215, 299481, 269375, 351249,
+ 310866, 351141, 301530, 361378, 351661, 351524, 311081, 331137, 332319,
+ 301045, 300393, 300308, 310889, 310064, 310841, 351333, 310382, 333887,
+ 333837, 320832, 321397, 351691, 269125, 312732, 351546, 301783, 351698,
+ 310775, 331388, 311139, 301992, 301578, 361760, 351174, 310298, 300666,
+ 259778, 301554, 301278, 301669, 321372, 311347, 321129, 351490, 321189,
+ 301336, 341560, 331220, 331129, 333927, 279186, 310596, 299135, 279226,
+ 310507, 269049, 300309, 341524, 351143, 300785, 310612, 320338, 259980,
+ 269952, 310397, 320246, 310959, 301454, 301835, 301802, 301649, 301170,
+ 301908, 351708, 321046, 361490, 311070, 351830, 311054, 311912, 301913,
+ 361232, 301030, 351723, 311472, 311166, 321057, 310793, 269462, 311948,
+ 321693, 321056, 361765, 301453, 321626, 341490, 320892, 269871, 269580,
+ 320199, 320908, 320830, 269071, 380542, 253768, 311204, 269127, 351073,
+ 341327, 301792, 299789, 361424, 301525, 311637, 321423, 279111, 330126,
+ 310371, 259888, 269525, 299585, 300147, 341402, 330067, 311796, 279037,
+ 248517, 301436, 269965, 259963, 320720, 248583, 259709, 361204, 341500,
+ 311803, 299981, 311832, 301088, 259649, 279183, 341760, 311844, 279079,
+ 390997, 311917, 390999, 361122, 301208, 311538, 272943, 361570, 390959)
+ }
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final01/src/main/scala/concpar21final01/Problem1.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final01/src/main/scala/concpar21final01/Problem1.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d5a4333dfaac13a9e467f67b28bceecfa4d1f4a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final01/src/main/scala/concpar21final01/Problem1.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package concpar21final01
+
+import scala.concurrent.ExecutionContext.Implicits.global
+import scala.concurrent.Future
+
+case class Grade(sciper: Int, grade: Double)
+
+trait Problem1:
+ /** Retrieve the list of student grades, sorted such that maximum grades
+ * appear at the head of the list.
+ */
+ def leaderboard(): Future[List[Grade]] =
+ Future(Nil) // TODO
+
+ /** Retrieve a student's grade using GitLab's API. The result is wrapped in an
+ * option, where `Future(None)` indicates either:
+ * - the student is not registered to the class
+ * - the student did not push his/her solution to GitLab
+ */
+ def getGrade(sciper: Int): Future[Option[Grade]]
+
+ /** Retrieve the list of enrolled students from IS-academia
+ */
+ def getScipers(): Future[List[Int]]
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final01/src/test/scala/concpar21final01/Problem1Suite.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final01/src/test/scala/concpar21final01/Problem1Suite.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a67b2ad6ba95a7e5c8d0ad8a9a6e49decabad698
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final01/src/test/scala/concpar21final01/Problem1Suite.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+package concpar21final01
+
+import play.api.test.*
+import play.api.test.Helpers.*
+import scala.concurrent.duration.*
+import scala.concurrent.Future
+import scala.concurrent.ExecutionContext.Implicits.global
+
+class Problem1Suite extends munit.FunSuite:
+ test(
+ "Retrieves grades at the end of the exam (everyone pushed something) (10pts)"
+ ) {
+ class Problem1Done extends Problem1:
+ override def getGrade(sciper: Int): Future[Option[Grade]] =
+ Future {
+ Thread.sleep(100)
+ Some(Grade(sciper, sciper))
+ }
+ override def getScipers(): Future[List[Int]] =
+ Future {
+ Thread.sleep(100)
+ List(1, 2, 3, 4)
+ }
+
+ val expected: List[Grade] =
+ List(Grade(1, 1.0), Grade(2, 2.0), Grade(3, 3.0), Grade(4, 4.0))
+
+ (new Problem1Done).leaderboard().map { grades =>
+ assertEquals(grades.toSet, expected.toSet)
+ }
+ }
+
+ test("Retrieves grades mid exam (some students didn't push yet) (10pts)") {
+ class Problem1Partial extends Problem1:
+ override def getGrade(sciper: Int): Future[Option[Grade]] =
+ Future {
+ Thread.sleep(100)
+ if sciper % 2 == 0 then None
+ else Some(Grade(sciper, sciper))
+ }
+ override def getScipers(): Future[List[Int]] =
+ Future {
+ Thread.sleep(100)
+ List(1, 2, 3, 4)
+ }
+
+ val expected: List[Grade] =
+ List(Grade(1, 1.0), Grade(3, 3.0))
+
+ (new Problem1Partial).leaderboard().map { grades =>
+ assertEquals(grades.toSet, expected.toSet)
+ }
+ }
+
+ test("The output list is sorted by grade (10pts)") {
+ (new Problem1MockData).leaderboard().map { grades =>
+ assert(grades.size >= 176)
+ assert(grades.zipWithIndex.forall { case (g, i) =>
+ grades.drop(i).forall(x => g.grade >= x.grade)
+ })
+ }
+ }
+
+ test("GitLab API calls are done in parallel (2pts)") {
+ var inParallel: Boolean = false
+
+ class Problem1Par extends Problem1MockData:
+ var in: Boolean = false
+
+ override def getGrade(sciper: Int): Future[Option[Grade]] =
+ Future {
+ if in then inParallel = true
+ in = true
+ val out = super.getGrade(sciper)
+ in = false
+ concurrent.Await.result(out, Duration(10, SECONDS))
+ }
+
+ (new Problem1Par).leaderboard().map { grades =>
+ assert(grades.size >= 176)
+ assert(inParallel)
+ }
+ }
+
+ test("The IS-academia API is called exactly once (2pts)") {
+ var called: Int = 0
+
+ class Problem1Once extends Problem1MockData:
+ override def getScipers(): Future[List[Int]] =
+ called += 1
+ super.getScipers()
+
+ (new Problem1Once).leaderboard().map { grades =>
+ assert(grades.size >= 176)
+ assert(called == 1)
+ }
+ }
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final02.md b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final02.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f5498d50b390aaa351e5f3e8bf6544252d89b717
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final02.md
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+# Problem 2: Actors
+
+## Setup
+
+Use the following commands to make a fresh clone of your repository:
+
+```
+git clone -b concpar21final02 git@gitlab.epfl.ch:lamp/student-repositories-s22/cs206-GASPAR.git concpar21final02
+```
+
+If you have issues with the IDE, try [reimporting the
+build](https://gitlab.epfl.ch/lamp/cs206/-/blob/master/labs/example-lab.md#troubleshooting),
+if you still have problems, use `compile` in sbt instead.
+
+## Useful links
+
+ * [A guide to the Scala parallel collections](https://docs.scala-lang.org/overviews/parallel-collections/overview.html)
+ * [The API documentation of the Scala parallel collections](https://www.javadoc.io/doc/org.scala-lang.modules/scala-parallel-collections_2.13/latest/scala/collection/index.html)
+ * [The API documentation of the Scala standard library](https://www.scala-lang.org/files/archive/api/2.13.4)
+ * [The API documentation of the Java standard library](https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/15/docs/api/index.html)
+
+## Exercise
+
+Your task is to implement a couple of actors in Discord like service. You will only focus on two actors in the system: (1) the `NotificationService` and (2) and a `DiscordChannel`.
+
+A user will be able to post messages on the channel and retrieve the messages from the channel.
+A user also has the ability to (un)register from the notifications.
+Before it can receive requests, each channel is initialized with a notification service.
+When a message is posted to the channel, it tells its notification service to notify the users.
+
+The following diagram shows how the communication between actors works. Requests are within `()` and responses are within `[]`.
+
+```none
+ (Post) [Active]
+ (GetLastPosts) â”â”â”â”â”â”â”â”â”â”â”â”â”â”â”â”â”â”â”┓ [AlreadyActive] â”â”â”â”â”â”â”â”â”â”┓
+ ┌──────────────────────>┃ ┃──────────────────►┃ ┃
+ │ ┃ DiscordChannel ┃ ┃ System ┃
+ │ ┃ ┃◄──────────────────┨ ┃
+ │ [Posts] â”—â”┯â”â”â”â”â”â”â”â”â”â”â”â”â”â”â”┯┛ (Init) â”—â”â”â”â”â”â”â”â”â”â”›
+ â”â”â”â”·â”â”â”┓ [NotActive] │ │
+ ┃ ┃◄────────────────────┘ │
+ ┃ User ┃ │
+ ┃ ┃◄────────────────┠│
+ â”—â”â”┯â”â”â”â”› [Registered] │ │ (NotifyAll)
+ │ [Notification] │ │
+ │ │ │
+ │ â”â”â”â”â”â”·â”â”â”â”â”â”â”â”â”â”â”â”â”â”â”â”┓ │
+ └───────────────►┃ ┃ │
+ (Register) ┃ NotificationService ┃◄─┘
+ (UnRegister) ┃ ┃
+ â”—â”â”â”â”â”â”â”â”â”â”â”â”â”â”â”â”â”â”â”â”â”â”›
+```
+
+Your tasks in the exercise will be to:
+
+TASK 1: Complete the implementation of the `NotificationService` by implementing method `receive` to handle messages from `NotificationService.Protocol`:
+
+```scala
+def receive: Receive = ???
+```
+TASK 2: Complete the implementation of the `DiscordChannel` by implementing methods `nonActive` and `active` to handle messages from `DiscordChannel.Protocol`:
+
+```scala
+def nonActive: Receive = ???
+def active(notificationService: ActorRef): Receive = ???
+```
+
+### NotificationService protocol
+
+* __Register__: Registers the user for notifications and responds with a `Registered(true)`.
+* __UnRegister__: Un-registers the user for notifications and responds with a `Registered(false)`.
+* __NotifyAll__: Sends a `Notification` to all registered users.
+
+
+### DiscordService protocol
+
+The channel can be in one of two states: _non-active_ or _active_.
+
+* __Init__: When _non-active_, responds with `Active` and the state becomes _active_. Otherwise responds `AlreadyActive`.
+* __Post__: When _active_, stores the message and sends `NotifyAll` to its `NotificationService`. Otherwise responds `NotActive`.
+* __GetLastPosts__: When _active_, responds with `Posts` containing the latest messages (ordered from most to least recent). Otherwise responds `NotActive`.
+
+### Running the code
+
+Apart from the grading tests, we include a `@main def debug` method, where you can write your own tests to help you debug your implementation. This method is __not__ graded. It can be executed using `run` within SBT.
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final02/.gitignore b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final02/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d094868cd9b4b92462501f0510a8bf72881ec542
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final02/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+*.DS_Store
+*.swp
+*~
+*.class
+*.tasty
+target/
+logs/
+.bloop
+.bsp
+.dotty-ide-artifact
+.dotty-ide.json
+.idea
+.metals
+.vscode
+*.csv
+*.dat
+metals.sbt
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final02/assignment.sbt b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final02/assignment.sbt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d38b4f897512c8645042d6a12a0c33c5584828c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final02/assignment.sbt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// Student tasks (i.e. submit, packageSubmission)
+enablePlugins(StudentTasks)
+
+assignmentVersion.withRank(KeyRanks.Invisible) := "eadbf7a6"
+
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final02/build.sbt b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final02/build.sbt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..96a9785d6b52890a5ce042606aab75a6e04512ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final02/build.sbt
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+course := "concpar"
+assignment := "concpar21final02"
+scalaVersion := "3.1.0"
+
+scalacOptions ++= Seq("-language:implicitConversions", "-deprecation")
+libraryDependencies += "org.scalameta" %% "munit" % "1.0.0-M3" % Test
+
+val akkaVersion = "2.6.19"
+val logbackVersion = "1.2.11"
+libraryDependencies ++= Seq(
+ "com.typesafe.akka" %% "akka-actor" % akkaVersion,
+ "com.typesafe.akka" %% "akka-testkit" % akkaVersion,
+ // SLF4J backend
+ // See https://doc.akka.io/docs/akka/current/typed/logging.html#slf4j-backend
+ "ch.qos.logback" % "logback-classic" % logbackVersion
+)
+fork := true
+javaOptions ++= Seq("-Dakka.loglevel=Error", "-Dakka.actor.debug.receive=on")
+
+val MUnitFramework = new TestFramework("munit.Framework")
+testFrameworks += MUnitFramework
+// Decode Scala names
+testOptions += Tests.Argument(MUnitFramework, "-s")
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final02/grading-tests.jar b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final02/grading-tests.jar
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..82a28509efd88c52aa0924e8aaf95870abe1ccd1
Binary files /dev/null and b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final02/grading-tests.jar differ
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final02/project/MOOCSettings.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final02/project/MOOCSettings.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..347cc6e5d59073cf532986c82151cbc44887108f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final02/project/MOOCSettings.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+package ch.epfl.lamp
+
+import sbt._
+import sbt.Keys._
+
+/**
+ * Settings shared by all assignments, reused in various tasks.
+ */
+object MOOCSettings extends AutoPlugin {
+
+ object autoImport {
+ val course = SettingKey[String]("course")
+ val assignment = SettingKey[String]("assignment")
+ val datasetUrl = settingKey[String]("URL of the dataset used for testing")
+ val downloadDataset = taskKey[File]("Download the dataset required for the assignment")
+ val assignmentVersion = settingKey[String]("Hash string indicating the version of the assignment")
+ }
+
+ import autoImport._
+
+ lazy val downloadDatasetDef = downloadDataset := {
+ val logger = streams.value.log
+
+ datasetUrl.?.value match {
+ case Some(url) =>
+
+ import scalaj.http.Http
+ import sbt.io.IO
+ val dest = (Compile / resourceManaged).value / assignment.value / url.split("/").last
+ if (!dest.exists()) {
+ IO.touch(dest)
+ logger.info(s"Downloading $url")
+ val res = Http(url).method("GET")
+ val is = res.asBytes.body
+ IO.write(dest, is)
+ }
+ dest
+ case None =>
+ logger.info(s"No dataset defined in datasetUrl")
+ throw new sbt.MessageOnlyException("No dataset to download for this assignment")
+ }
+ }
+
+ override val projectSettings: Seq[Def.Setting[_]] = Seq(
+ downloadDatasetDef,
+ Test / parallelExecution := false,
+ // Report test result after each test instead of waiting for every test to finish
+ Test / logBuffered := false,
+ name := s"${course.value}-${assignment.value}"
+ )
+}
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final02/project/StudentTasks.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final02/project/StudentTasks.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1ae03c11516a13a55e094a936b02fed588c2a9e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final02/project/StudentTasks.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+package ch.epfl.lamp
+
+import sbt._
+import Keys._
+import scalafix.sbt.ScalafixPlugin.autoImport._
+
+import java.io.{File, FileInputStream, IOException}
+import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64
+
+/**
+ * Provides tasks for submitting the assignment
+ */
+object StudentTasks extends AutoPlugin {
+
+ override def requires = super.requires && MOOCSettings
+
+ object autoImport {
+ val packageSourcesOnly = TaskKey[File]("packageSourcesOnly", "Package the sources of the project")
+ val packageBinWithoutResources = TaskKey[File]("packageBinWithoutResources", "Like packageBin, but without the resources")
+
+ val packageSubmissionZip = TaskKey[File]("packageSubmissionZip")
+
+ val packageSubmission = inputKey[Unit]("package solution as an archive file")
+ lazy val Grading = config("grading") extend(Runtime)
+ }
+
+ import autoImport._
+
+ // Run scalafix linting after compilation to avoid seeing parser errors twice
+ // Keep in sync with the use of scalafix in Grader
+ // (--exclude doesn't work (https://github.com/lampepfl-courses/moocs/pull/28#issuecomment-427894795)
+ // so we customize unmanagedSources below instead)
+ val scalafixLinting = Def.taskDyn {
+ if (new File(".scalafix.conf").exists()) {
+ (Compile / scalafix).toTask(" --check").dependsOn(Compile / compile)
+ } else Def.task(())
+ }
+
+ val testsJar = file("grading-tests.jar")
+
+ override lazy val projectSettings = Seq(
+ // Run scalafix linting in parallel with the tests
+ (Test / test) := {
+ scalafixLinting.value
+ (Test / test).value
+ },
+
+ packageSubmissionSetting,
+
+ fork := true,
+ run / connectInput := true,
+ outputStrategy := Some(StdoutOutput),
+ scalafixConfig := {
+ val scalafixDotConf = (baseDirectory.value / ".scalafix.conf")
+ if (scalafixDotConf.exists) Some(scalafixDotConf) else None
+ }
+ ) ++ packageSubmissionZipSettings ++ (
+ if(testsJar.exists) inConfig(Grading)(Defaults.testSettings ++ Seq(
+ unmanagedJars += testsJar,
+ definedTests := (Test / definedTests).value,
+ internalDependencyClasspath := (Test / internalDependencyClasspath).value,
+ managedClasspath := (Test / managedClasspath).value,
+ ))
+ else Nil
+ )
+
+ val packageSubmissionZipSettings = Seq(
+ packageSubmissionZip := {
+ val submission = crossTarget.value / "submission.zip"
+ val sources = (Compile / packageSourcesOnly).value
+ val binaries = (Compile / packageBinWithoutResources).value
+ IO.zip(Seq(sources -> "sources.zip", binaries -> "binaries.jar"), submission, None)
+ submission
+ },
+ packageSourcesOnly / artifactClassifier := Some("sources"),
+ Compile / packageBinWithoutResources / artifact ~= (art => art.withName(art.name + "-without-resources"))
+ ) ++
+ inConfig(Compile)(
+ Defaults.packageTaskSettings(packageSourcesOnly, Defaults.sourceMappings) ++
+ Defaults.packageTaskSettings(packageBinWithoutResources, Def.task {
+ val relativePaths =
+ (Compile / resources).value.flatMap(Path.relativeTo((Compile / resourceDirectories).value)(_))
+ (Compile / packageBin / mappings).value.filterNot { case (_, path) => relativePaths.contains(path) }
+ })
+ )
+
+ val maxSubmitFileSize = {
+ val mb = 1024 * 1024
+ 10 * mb
+ }
+
+ def prepareJar(jar: File, s: TaskStreams): String = {
+ val errPrefix = "Error submitting assignment jar: "
+ val fileLength = jar.length()
+ if (!jar.exists()) {
+ s.log.error(errPrefix + "jar archive does not exist\n" + jar.getAbsolutePath)
+ failSubmit()
+ } else if (fileLength == 0L) {
+ s.log.error(errPrefix + "jar archive is empty\n" + jar.getAbsolutePath)
+ failSubmit()
+ } else if (fileLength > maxSubmitFileSize) {
+ s.log.error(errPrefix + "jar archive is too big. Allowed size: " +
+ maxSubmitFileSize + " bytes, found " + fileLength + " bytes.\n" +
+ jar.getAbsolutePath)
+ failSubmit()
+ } else {
+ val bytes = new Array[Byte](fileLength.toInt)
+ val sizeRead = try {
+ val is = new FileInputStream(jar)
+ val read = is.read(bytes)
+ is.close()
+ read
+ } catch {
+ case ex: IOException =>
+ s.log.error(errPrefix + "failed to read sources jar archive\n" + ex.toString)
+ failSubmit()
+ }
+ if (sizeRead != bytes.length) {
+ s.log.error(errPrefix + "failed to read the sources jar archive, size read: " + sizeRead)
+ failSubmit()
+ } else encodeBase64(bytes)
+ }
+ }
+
+ /** Task to package solution to a given file path */
+ lazy val packageSubmissionSetting = packageSubmission := {
+ // Fail if scalafix linting does not pass.
+ scalafixLinting.value
+
+ val args: Seq[String] = Def.spaceDelimited("[path]").parsed
+ val s: TaskStreams = streams.value // for logging
+ val jar = (Compile / packageSubmissionZip).value
+
+ val base64Jar = prepareJar(jar, s)
+
+ val path = args.headOption.getOrElse((baseDirectory.value / "submission.jar").absolutePath)
+ scala.tools.nsc.io.File(path).writeAll(base64Jar)
+ }
+
+ def failSubmit(): Nothing = {
+ sys.error("Submission failed")
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * *****************
+ * DEALING WITH JARS
+ */
+ def encodeBase64(bytes: Array[Byte]): String =
+ new String(Base64.encodeBase64(bytes))
+}
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final02/project/build.properties b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final02/project/build.properties
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3161d2146c631009a4d731d13510aeaddc9cf47e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final02/project/build.properties
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+sbt.version=1.6.1
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final02/project/buildSettings.sbt b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final02/project/buildSettings.sbt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1d987356b002ed0ad6c32492aa0bf2532370edf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final02/project/buildSettings.sbt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// Used for Coursera submission (StudentPlugin)
+libraryDependencies += "org.scalaj" %% "scalaj-http" % "2.4.2"
+libraryDependencies += "com.typesafe.play" %% "play-json" % "2.9.2"
+// Used for Base64 (StudentPlugin)
+libraryDependencies += "commons-codec" % "commons-codec" % "1.15"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final02/project/plugins.sbt b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final02/project/plugins.sbt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3c7aad8964d825963f87341033685db13d1000d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final02/project/plugins.sbt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+addSbtPlugin("ch.epfl.scala" % "sbt-scalafix" % "0.9.26")
+addSbtPlugin("com.typesafe.play" % "sbt-plugin" % "2.8.8")
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final02/src/main/scala/concpar21final02/Problem2.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final02/src/main/scala/concpar21final02/Problem2.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6ff0d97e55b56cf61dcabbdfddcc61a6447412ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final02/src/main/scala/concpar21final02/Problem2.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+package concpar21final02
+
+import akka.actor.*
+import scala.collection.mutable
+import akka.testkit.*
+
+object Problem2:
+
+ //////////////////////////////
+ // NOTIFICATION SERVICE //
+ //////////////////////////////
+
+ object NotificationService:
+ enum Protocol:
+ /** Notify all registered actors */
+ case NotifyAll
+
+ /** Register the actor that sent the `Register` request */
+ case Register //
+ /** Un-register the actor that sent the `Register` request */
+ case UnRegister
+
+ enum Responses:
+ /** Message sent to an actor when it is notified */
+ case Notification
+
+ /** Response sent to an actor after a `Register` or `UnRegister` */
+ case Registered(registered: Boolean)
+
+ class NotificationService extends Actor:
+ import NotificationService.Protocol.*
+ import NotificationService.Responses.*
+
+ def receive: Receive = {
+ case _ => // TODO: handle messages from NotificationService.Protocol
+ }
+
+ /////////////////////////
+ // DISCORD CHANNEL //
+ /////////////////////////
+
+ object DiscordChannel:
+
+ enum Protocol:
+
+ /** Post a message in the channel */
+ case Post(msg: String)
+
+ /** Ask for the list of most recent posts starting from the most recent
+ * one. The list must have at most `limit` posts.
+ */
+ case GetLastPosts(limit: Int)
+
+ /** Activates the service channel using the provided notification service.
+ */
+ case Init(notificationService: ActorRef)
+
+ enum Responses:
+
+ /** Response to `GetLastPosts` if active */
+ case Posts(msgs: List[String])
+
+ /** Response after `Init` if non-active */
+ case Active
+
+ /** Response `Post` and `GetLastPosts` if non-active */
+ case NotActive
+
+ /** Response after `Init` if active */
+ case AlreadyActive
+
+ class DiscordChannel extends Actor:
+ import DiscordChannel.Protocol.*
+ import DiscordChannel.Responses.*
+ import NotificationService.Protocol.*
+
+ def receive: Receive = nonActive
+
+ def nonActive: Receive = {
+ case _ => // TODO: handle messages from DiscordChannel.Protocol
+ }
+
+ def active(notificationService: ActorRef): Receive = {
+ case _ => // TODO: handle messages from DiscordChannel.Protocol
+ }
+
+/////////////////////////
+// DEBUG //
+/////////////////////////
+
+/** Infrastructure to help debugging. In sbt use `run` to execute this code. The
+ * TestKit is an actor that can send messages and check the messages it
+ * receives (or not).
+ */
+@main def debug() = new TestKit(ActorSystem("DebugSystem")) with ImplicitSender:
+ import Problem2.*
+ import DiscordChannel.Protocol.*
+ import DiscordChannel.Responses.*
+ import NotificationService.Protocol.*
+ import NotificationService.Responses.*
+ import concurrent.duration.*
+
+ try
+ val notificationService = system.actorOf(Props[NotificationService]())
+ val channel = system.actorOf(Props[DiscordChannel]())
+
+ notificationService ! NotifyAll
+ expectNoMessage(
+ 200.millis
+ ) // expects no message is received in the next 200 milliseconds
+
+ notificationService ! Register
+ expectMsg(
+ 200.millis,
+ Registered(true)
+ ) // expects to receive `Registered(true)` in the next 200 milliseconds
+
+ finally shutdown(system)
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final02/src/test/scala/concpar21final02/Problem2Suite.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final02/src/test/scala/concpar21final02/Problem2Suite.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b0aa9f2c9b48a00849561f4187be5d32f07c1810
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final02/src/test/scala/concpar21final02/Problem2Suite.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+package concpar21final02
+
+import akka.actor.*
+import akka.testkit.*
+import scala.collection.mutable
+import concurrent.duration.*
+
+import Problem2.*
+
+class Problem2Suite extends munit.FunSuite:
+ import NotificationService.Protocol.*
+ import NotificationService.Responses.*
+ import DiscordChannel.Protocol.*
+ import DiscordChannel.Responses.*
+
+ test("Notification register (1pts)") {
+ new MyTestKit:
+ def tests() =
+ val actor = system.actorOf(Props[NotificationService]())
+ actor ! Register
+ expectMsg(Registered(true))
+ }
+
+ test("Notification register and un-register (1pts)") {
+ new MyTestKit:
+ def tests() =
+ val actor = system.actorOf(Props[NotificationService]())
+ actor ! Register
+ expectMsg(Registered(true))
+ actor ! UnRegister
+ expectMsg(Registered(false))
+ actor ! UnRegister
+ expectMsg(Registered(false))
+ actor ! Register
+ expectMsg(Registered(true))
+ actor ! UnRegister
+ expectMsg(Registered(false))
+ }
+
+ test("Notification notify (1pts)") {
+ new MyTestKit:
+ def tests() =
+ val actor = system.actorOf(Props[NotificationService]())
+ actor ! Register
+ expectMsg(Registered(true))
+ actor ! NotifyAll
+ expectMsg(Notification)
+ actor ! NotifyAll
+ expectMsg(Notification)
+ actor ! UnRegister
+ expectMsg(Registered(false))
+ actor ! NotifyAll
+ expectNoMessage()
+ actor ! Register
+ expectMsg(Registered(true))
+ actor ! NotifyAll
+ expectMsg(Notification)
+ actor ! UnRegister
+ expectMsg(Registered(false))
+ actor ! NotifyAll
+ expectNoMessage()
+ }
+
+ test("NotifyAll from other actor (1pts)") {
+ new MyTestKit:
+ def tests() =
+ val actor = system.actorOf(Props[NotificationService]())
+ val otherActor = system.actorOf(Props[DummyActor]())
+
+ def notifyFormAllFromOtherActor() =
+ given ActorRef = otherActor
+ actor ! NotifyAll
+
+ expectNoMessage()
+
+ actor ! Register
+ expectMsg(Registered(true))
+
+ notifyFormAllFromOtherActor()
+ expectMsg(Notification)
+ }
+
+ test("Channel init (1pts)") {
+ new MyTestKit:
+ def tests() =
+ val notificationService = system.actorOf(Props[NotificationService]())
+ val channel = system.actorOf(Props[DiscordChannel]())
+ channel ! Init(notificationService)
+ expectMsg(Active)
+ }
+
+ test("Channel post and get post (1pts)") {
+ new MyTestKit:
+ def tests() =
+ val notificationService = system.actorOf(Props[NotificationService]())
+ val channel = system.actorOf(Props[DiscordChannel]())
+ channel ! Init(notificationService)
+ expectMsg(Active)
+ channel ! Post("hello")
+ channel ! GetLastPosts(1)
+ expectMsg(Posts(List("hello")))
+ channel ! GetLastPosts(10)
+ expectMsg(Posts(List("hello")))
+ channel ! GetLastPosts(0)
+ expectMsg(Posts(Nil))
+ }
+
+ test("Channel multiple posts (1pts)") {
+ new MyTestKit:
+ def tests() =
+ val notificationService = system.actorOf(Props[NotificationService]())
+ val channel = system.actorOf(Props[DiscordChannel]())
+ channel ! Init(notificationService)
+ expectMsg(Active)
+ channel ! Post("hello")
+ channel ! Post("world")
+ channel ! GetLastPosts(2)
+ channel ! GetLastPosts(1)
+ channel ! Post("!")
+ channel ! GetLastPosts(3)
+ expectMsg(Posts(List("world", "hello")))
+ expectMsg(Posts(List("world")))
+ expectMsg(Posts(List("!", "world", "hello")))
+ }
+
+ test("Channel posts and notify (1pts)") {
+ new MyTestKit:
+ def tests() =
+ val notificationService = system.actorOf(Props[NotificationService]())
+ val channel = system.actorOf(Props[DiscordChannel]())
+ channel ! Init(notificationService)
+ expectMsg(Active)
+ notificationService ! Register
+ expectMsg(Registered(true))
+ channel ! Post("hello")
+ channel ! Post("world")
+ expectMsg(Notification)
+ expectMsg(Notification)
+ }
+
+ test("Channel init twice (1pts)") {
+ new MyTestKit:
+ def tests() =
+ val notificationService = system.actorOf(Props[NotificationService]())
+ val channel = system.actorOf(Props[DiscordChannel]())
+ channel ! Init(notificationService)
+ expectMsg(Active)
+ channel ! Init(notificationService)
+ expectMsg(AlreadyActive)
+ channel ! Init(notificationService)
+ expectMsg(AlreadyActive)
+ }
+
+ test("Channel not active (1pts)") {
+ new MyTestKit:
+ def tests() =
+ val channel1 = system.actorOf(Props[DiscordChannel]())
+ channel1 ! Post("hello")
+ expectMsg(NotActive)
+
+ val channel2 = system.actorOf(Props[DiscordChannel]())
+ channel2 ! GetLastPosts(0)
+ expectMsg(NotActive)
+ }
+
+ abstract class MyTestKit
+ extends TestKit(ActorSystem("TestSystem"))
+ with ImplicitSender:
+ def tests(): Unit
+ try tests()
+ finally shutdown(system)
+
+class DummyActor extends Actor:
+ def receive: Receive = { case _ =>
+ ()
+ }
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03.md b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0954e94b4dad3ea21afa3f5d27ab8c5dd209caa1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03.md
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+# Problem 3: Concurrency
+
+## Setup
+
+Use the following commands to make a fresh clone of your repository:
+
+```
+git clone -b concpar21final03 git@gitlab.epfl.ch:lamp/student-repositories-s22/cs206-GASPAR.git concpar21final03
+```
+
+If you have issues with the IDE, try [reimporting the
+build](https://gitlab.epfl.ch/lamp/cs206/-/blob/master/labs/example-lab.md#troubleshooting),
+if you still have problems, use `compile` in sbt instead.
+
+## Useful links
+
+ * [The API documentation of the Scala standard library](https://www.scala-lang.org/files/archive/api/2.13.4)
+ * [The API documentation of the Java standard library](https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/15/docs/api/index.html)
+
+## Problem description
+### Preliminary: File handling
+
+In this exercise, we will work with files using the following trait to handle
+all file operations:
+```scala
+type FileName = String
+trait FileSystem:
+ /** Create a new file named `file` with the passed `content`. */
+ def createFile(file: File, content: String): Unit
+ /** If `file` exists, return its content, otherwise crash. */
+ def readFile(file: File): String
+ /** If `file` exists, delete it, otherwise crash. */
+ def deleteFile(file: File): Unit
+```
+Note that to make testing easier, the actual implementation of `FileSystem` we will use
+won't actually create files on disks, instead it will simply use a `Map` to
+represent files and their content in memory, but that's an implementation detail
+that won't affect how this exercise should be solved.
+
+### The update distribution problem
+
+You work at a game company on the popular online game EPFNiteâ„¢. Your job is
+to distribute game updates to the players from the update server represented by
+the following class:
+```scala
+class UpdateServer:
+ def fetchUpdate(): Option[String]
+ def newUpdate(newName: FileName, newContent: String): Unit
+```
+The requirements of the update server are as follows:
+- When a player starts his game, it connects to the update server which starts a
+ new thread and run `fetchUpdate()` which should return the content of the latest game update
+ if one is available.
+- When a new version of the game is available, the developers call
+ `newUpdate` with the name of the update file and its content.
+- Storage space is limited on the server, so when a new update is stored on the
+ server, old ones must be deleted.
+
+Based on these requirements, you come up with the following implementation:
+
+```scala
+class UpdateServer(fs: FileSystem):
+ @volatile private var updateFile: Option[FileName] = None
+
+ def fetchUpdate(): Option[String] =
+ updateFile.map(fs.readFile)
+
+ def newUpdate(newName: FileName, newContent: String): Unit =
+ val oldFile = updateFile
+ fs.createFile(newName, newContent)
+ updateFile = Some(newName)
+ oldFile.foreach(fs.deleteFile)
+```
+Unfortunately, it turns out that reading a file is not an atomic operation: if
+you delete a file while another thread is reading it, your program crashes.
+Theoretically, you could solve this using locks to make sure `deleteFile`
+is never called at the same time as `readFile`, but this solution isn't good
+enough for EPFNite: it's important that a player is never blocked from playing
+the game because `fetchUpdate` is waiting for a lock to become available.
+
+Thankfully, there is one property of the problem which we can take advantage of:
+a call to `fetchUpdate` which happens *after* `updateFile = Some(newName)` will
+read the new file and not the old one, so all we need to do is to wait until all
+calls to `fetchUpdate` which were started *before* we mutated `updateFile` have
+finished before calling `deleteFile`. It turns out that there exists one
+mechanism to do this efficiently: **RCU** (Read-copy-update) which you will implement in the next
+section.
+
+## Implementation
+### Part 1: Complete the `ThreadMap` implementation
+
+To implement RCU we will need a thread-safe way to associate a value to a
+thread: this is the job of `ThreadMap` (defined in `ThreadMap.scala`) which we
+implement with a `Map` whose keys are instances of `Thread`
+(`Thread.currentThread` can be used to retrieve the instance for the current
+thread).
+
+Instead of the usual `forall` method on collections, `ThreadMap` has a
+`waitForall` method which will **block** until all entries of the map return
+true for the predicate. For example given `val m: ThreadMap[Int]`, if one thread
+runs:
+```scala
+m.setCurrentThread(1)
+```
+and another thread runs:
+```scala
+m.waitForall(_ < 0)
+```
+Then the second thread will be blocked, but if the first thread then runs:
+```scala
+m.setCurrentThread(-1)
+```
+The second thread will be immediately unblocked.
+
+Your first task is to **implement all methods in `ThreadMap.scala` whose body is
+currently `???`.** Once you're done, the "Part 1" test will pass.
+
+### Part 2: Complete the `RCU` implementation
+
+#### What is RCU ?
+
+The RCU API defines three methods:
+
+```scala
+class RCU:
+ def startRead(): Unit
+ def stopRead(): Unit
+ def waitForOldReads(): Unit
+```
+
+It has the following contract:
+- The first two methods are meant to be used by threads that read shared data:
+ they must must call `startRead` *before* reading shared data, then call
+ `stopRead` once they're done reading.
+- `waitForOldReaders()` can be called from any thread: this is a blocking method
+ that only returns when all reads started *before* the call to
+ `waitForOldReaders()` are stopped (new reads may have started since then).
+
+#### Implementing RCU
+
+To implement RCU we need a way to differentiate reads started before a call to
+`waitForOldReaders()` from those started after. To do so we will use *version
+numbers*: the RCU version (starting at 0) is stored in `latestVersion`, and for
+each *active* reader thread, we remember the value of `latestVersion` *at the time
+startRead() was called* in `readersVersion`. Implementing `waitForOldReaders` is
+then easy:
+1. Increment the RCU version.
+2. Wait until there's no active reader associated with a previous version.
+
+**Implement `waitForOldReaders` in `RCU.scala`**, for simplicity you can assume
+that `waitForOldReaders` will never be called from multiple threads at once.
+Once you're done, the "Part 2" test will pass.
+
+### Part 3: Using RCU in `UpdateServer`
+
+Finally, its time to put our RCU implementation to good use: **complete the
+implementation of `fetchUpdate` and `newUpdate`** (defined in `UpdateServer.scala`) by adding calls to
+`rcu.startRead()`, `rcu.stopRead()` and `rcu.waitForOldReaders()` where they
+need to be to allow multiple calls to `fetchUpdate` and at most one call to
+`newUpdate` to be run concurrently. Once you're done, the "Part 3" test will
+pass.
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/.gitignore b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d094868cd9b4b92462501f0510a8bf72881ec542
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+*.DS_Store
+*.swp
+*~
+*.class
+*.tasty
+target/
+logs/
+.bloop
+.bsp
+.dotty-ide-artifact
+.dotty-ide.json
+.idea
+.metals
+.vscode
+*.csv
+*.dat
+metals.sbt
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/assignment.sbt b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/assignment.sbt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d38b4f897512c8645042d6a12a0c33c5584828c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/assignment.sbt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// Student tasks (i.e. submit, packageSubmission)
+enablePlugins(StudentTasks)
+
+assignmentVersion.withRank(KeyRanks.Invisible) := "eadbf7a6"
+
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/build.sbt b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/build.sbt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8bb5226e18fade955e0f76863b48e13fd98f5f8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/build.sbt
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+course := "concpar"
+assignment := "concpar21final03"
+scalaVersion := "3.1.0"
+
+scalacOptions ++= Seq("-language:implicitConversions", "-deprecation")
+libraryDependencies += "org.scalameta" %% "munit" % "1.0.0-M3" % Test
+
+val MUnitFramework = new TestFramework("munit.Framework")
+testFrameworks += MUnitFramework
+// Decode Scala names
+testOptions += Tests.Argument(MUnitFramework, "-s")
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/grading-tests.jar b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/grading-tests.jar
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3b501477800dae895a5df8f435005a1a8b804d9b
Binary files /dev/null and b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/grading-tests.jar differ
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/project/MOOCSettings.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/project/MOOCSettings.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..347cc6e5d59073cf532986c82151cbc44887108f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/project/MOOCSettings.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+package ch.epfl.lamp
+
+import sbt._
+import sbt.Keys._
+
+/**
+ * Settings shared by all assignments, reused in various tasks.
+ */
+object MOOCSettings extends AutoPlugin {
+
+ object autoImport {
+ val course = SettingKey[String]("course")
+ val assignment = SettingKey[String]("assignment")
+ val datasetUrl = settingKey[String]("URL of the dataset used for testing")
+ val downloadDataset = taskKey[File]("Download the dataset required for the assignment")
+ val assignmentVersion = settingKey[String]("Hash string indicating the version of the assignment")
+ }
+
+ import autoImport._
+
+ lazy val downloadDatasetDef = downloadDataset := {
+ val logger = streams.value.log
+
+ datasetUrl.?.value match {
+ case Some(url) =>
+
+ import scalaj.http.Http
+ import sbt.io.IO
+ val dest = (Compile / resourceManaged).value / assignment.value / url.split("/").last
+ if (!dest.exists()) {
+ IO.touch(dest)
+ logger.info(s"Downloading $url")
+ val res = Http(url).method("GET")
+ val is = res.asBytes.body
+ IO.write(dest, is)
+ }
+ dest
+ case None =>
+ logger.info(s"No dataset defined in datasetUrl")
+ throw new sbt.MessageOnlyException("No dataset to download for this assignment")
+ }
+ }
+
+ override val projectSettings: Seq[Def.Setting[_]] = Seq(
+ downloadDatasetDef,
+ Test / parallelExecution := false,
+ // Report test result after each test instead of waiting for every test to finish
+ Test / logBuffered := false,
+ name := s"${course.value}-${assignment.value}"
+ )
+}
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/project/StudentTasks.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/project/StudentTasks.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1ae03c11516a13a55e094a936b02fed588c2a9e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/project/StudentTasks.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+package ch.epfl.lamp
+
+import sbt._
+import Keys._
+import scalafix.sbt.ScalafixPlugin.autoImport._
+
+import java.io.{File, FileInputStream, IOException}
+import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64
+
+/**
+ * Provides tasks for submitting the assignment
+ */
+object StudentTasks extends AutoPlugin {
+
+ override def requires = super.requires && MOOCSettings
+
+ object autoImport {
+ val packageSourcesOnly = TaskKey[File]("packageSourcesOnly", "Package the sources of the project")
+ val packageBinWithoutResources = TaskKey[File]("packageBinWithoutResources", "Like packageBin, but without the resources")
+
+ val packageSubmissionZip = TaskKey[File]("packageSubmissionZip")
+
+ val packageSubmission = inputKey[Unit]("package solution as an archive file")
+ lazy val Grading = config("grading") extend(Runtime)
+ }
+
+ import autoImport._
+
+ // Run scalafix linting after compilation to avoid seeing parser errors twice
+ // Keep in sync with the use of scalafix in Grader
+ // (--exclude doesn't work (https://github.com/lampepfl-courses/moocs/pull/28#issuecomment-427894795)
+ // so we customize unmanagedSources below instead)
+ val scalafixLinting = Def.taskDyn {
+ if (new File(".scalafix.conf").exists()) {
+ (Compile / scalafix).toTask(" --check").dependsOn(Compile / compile)
+ } else Def.task(())
+ }
+
+ val testsJar = file("grading-tests.jar")
+
+ override lazy val projectSettings = Seq(
+ // Run scalafix linting in parallel with the tests
+ (Test / test) := {
+ scalafixLinting.value
+ (Test / test).value
+ },
+
+ packageSubmissionSetting,
+
+ fork := true,
+ run / connectInput := true,
+ outputStrategy := Some(StdoutOutput),
+ scalafixConfig := {
+ val scalafixDotConf = (baseDirectory.value / ".scalafix.conf")
+ if (scalafixDotConf.exists) Some(scalafixDotConf) else None
+ }
+ ) ++ packageSubmissionZipSettings ++ (
+ if(testsJar.exists) inConfig(Grading)(Defaults.testSettings ++ Seq(
+ unmanagedJars += testsJar,
+ definedTests := (Test / definedTests).value,
+ internalDependencyClasspath := (Test / internalDependencyClasspath).value,
+ managedClasspath := (Test / managedClasspath).value,
+ ))
+ else Nil
+ )
+
+ val packageSubmissionZipSettings = Seq(
+ packageSubmissionZip := {
+ val submission = crossTarget.value / "submission.zip"
+ val sources = (Compile / packageSourcesOnly).value
+ val binaries = (Compile / packageBinWithoutResources).value
+ IO.zip(Seq(sources -> "sources.zip", binaries -> "binaries.jar"), submission, None)
+ submission
+ },
+ packageSourcesOnly / artifactClassifier := Some("sources"),
+ Compile / packageBinWithoutResources / artifact ~= (art => art.withName(art.name + "-without-resources"))
+ ) ++
+ inConfig(Compile)(
+ Defaults.packageTaskSettings(packageSourcesOnly, Defaults.sourceMappings) ++
+ Defaults.packageTaskSettings(packageBinWithoutResources, Def.task {
+ val relativePaths =
+ (Compile / resources).value.flatMap(Path.relativeTo((Compile / resourceDirectories).value)(_))
+ (Compile / packageBin / mappings).value.filterNot { case (_, path) => relativePaths.contains(path) }
+ })
+ )
+
+ val maxSubmitFileSize = {
+ val mb = 1024 * 1024
+ 10 * mb
+ }
+
+ def prepareJar(jar: File, s: TaskStreams): String = {
+ val errPrefix = "Error submitting assignment jar: "
+ val fileLength = jar.length()
+ if (!jar.exists()) {
+ s.log.error(errPrefix + "jar archive does not exist\n" + jar.getAbsolutePath)
+ failSubmit()
+ } else if (fileLength == 0L) {
+ s.log.error(errPrefix + "jar archive is empty\n" + jar.getAbsolutePath)
+ failSubmit()
+ } else if (fileLength > maxSubmitFileSize) {
+ s.log.error(errPrefix + "jar archive is too big. Allowed size: " +
+ maxSubmitFileSize + " bytes, found " + fileLength + " bytes.\n" +
+ jar.getAbsolutePath)
+ failSubmit()
+ } else {
+ val bytes = new Array[Byte](fileLength.toInt)
+ val sizeRead = try {
+ val is = new FileInputStream(jar)
+ val read = is.read(bytes)
+ is.close()
+ read
+ } catch {
+ case ex: IOException =>
+ s.log.error(errPrefix + "failed to read sources jar archive\n" + ex.toString)
+ failSubmit()
+ }
+ if (sizeRead != bytes.length) {
+ s.log.error(errPrefix + "failed to read the sources jar archive, size read: " + sizeRead)
+ failSubmit()
+ } else encodeBase64(bytes)
+ }
+ }
+
+ /** Task to package solution to a given file path */
+ lazy val packageSubmissionSetting = packageSubmission := {
+ // Fail if scalafix linting does not pass.
+ scalafixLinting.value
+
+ val args: Seq[String] = Def.spaceDelimited("[path]").parsed
+ val s: TaskStreams = streams.value // for logging
+ val jar = (Compile / packageSubmissionZip).value
+
+ val base64Jar = prepareJar(jar, s)
+
+ val path = args.headOption.getOrElse((baseDirectory.value / "submission.jar").absolutePath)
+ scala.tools.nsc.io.File(path).writeAll(base64Jar)
+ }
+
+ def failSubmit(): Nothing = {
+ sys.error("Submission failed")
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * *****************
+ * DEALING WITH JARS
+ */
+ def encodeBase64(bytes: Array[Byte]): String =
+ new String(Base64.encodeBase64(bytes))
+}
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/project/build.properties b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/project/build.properties
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3161d2146c631009a4d731d13510aeaddc9cf47e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/project/build.properties
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+sbt.version=1.6.1
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/project/buildSettings.sbt b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/project/buildSettings.sbt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1d987356b002ed0ad6c32492aa0bf2532370edf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/project/buildSettings.sbt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// Used for Coursera submission (StudentPlugin)
+libraryDependencies += "org.scalaj" %% "scalaj-http" % "2.4.2"
+libraryDependencies += "com.typesafe.play" %% "play-json" % "2.9.2"
+// Used for Base64 (StudentPlugin)
+libraryDependencies += "commons-codec" % "commons-codec" % "1.15"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/project/plugins.sbt b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/project/plugins.sbt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3c7aad8964d825963f87341033685db13d1000d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/project/plugins.sbt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+addSbtPlugin("ch.epfl.scala" % "sbt-scalafix" % "0.9.26")
+addSbtPlugin("com.typesafe.play" % "sbt-plugin" % "2.8.8")
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/src/main/scala/concpar21final03/FileSystem.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/src/main/scala/concpar21final03/FileSystem.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..356e2a6e42f7fec83467b82b40fab6fa83bb9dcd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/src/main/scala/concpar21final03/FileSystem.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+package concpar21final03
+
+import instrumentation.*
+
+import scala.collection.mutable
+import scala.collection.concurrent.TrieMap
+
+type FileName = String
+
+/** An API for manipulating files. */
+trait FileSystem:
+ /** Create a new file named `file` with the passed `content`. */
+ def createFile(file: FileName, content: String): Unit
+
+ /** If `file` exists, return its content, otherwise crashes. */
+ def readFile(file: FileName): String
+
+ /** If `file` exists, delete it, otherwise crash. */
+ def deleteFile(file: FileName): Unit
+end FileSystem
+
+/** An in-memory file system for testing purposes implemented using a Map.
+ *
+ * Every method in this class is thread-safe.
+ */
+class InMemoryFileSystem extends FileSystem:
+ val fsMap: mutable.Map[FileName, String] = TrieMap()
+
+ def createFile(file: FileName, content: String): Unit =
+ assert(!fsMap.contains(file), s"$file already exists")
+ fsMap(file) = content
+
+ def readFile(file: FileName): String =
+ fsMap.get(file) match
+ case Some(content) => content
+ case None => assert(false, s"Attempt to read non-existing $file")
+
+ def deleteFile(file: FileName): Unit =
+ fsMap.remove(file)
+
+end InMemoryFileSystem
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/src/main/scala/concpar21final03/RCU.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/src/main/scala/concpar21final03/RCU.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b924cacca689e78134189f2d23fbd77db7bdde6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/src/main/scala/concpar21final03/RCU.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+package concpar21final03
+
+import instrumentation.*
+
+/** A synchronization mechanism allowing multiple reads to proceed concurrently
+ * with an update to the state.
+ */
+class RCU extends Monitor:
+ protected val latestVersion: AtomicLong = AtomicLong(0)
+ protected val readersVersion: ThreadMap[Long] = ThreadMap()
+
+ /** This method must be called before accessing shared data for reading. */
+ def startRead(): Unit =
+ assert(
+ !readersVersion.currentThreadHasValue,
+ "startRead() cannot be called multiple times without an intervening stopRead()"
+ )
+ readersVersion.setCurrentThreadValue(latestVersion.get)
+
+ /** Once a thread which has previously called `startRead` has finished reading
+ * shared data, it must call this method.
+ */
+ def stopRead(): Unit =
+ assert(
+ readersVersion.currentThreadHasValue,
+ "stopRead() cannot be called without a preceding startRead()"
+ )
+ readersVersion.deleteCurrentThreadValue()
+
+ /** Wait until all reads started before this method was called have finished,
+ * then return.
+ */
+ def waitForOldReads(): Unit =
+ ???
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/src/main/scala/concpar21final03/ThreadMap.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/src/main/scala/concpar21final03/ThreadMap.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d01afe522674c9acf6a172e4dadf49c220782bda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/src/main/scala/concpar21final03/ThreadMap.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+package concpar21final03
+
+import instrumentation.*
+
+import scala.collection.mutable
+
+/** A map which associates every thread to at most one value of type A.
+ *
+ * Every method in this class is thread-safe.
+ */
+class ThreadMap[A] extends Monitor:
+ protected val theMap: mutable.Map[Thread, A] = mutable.Map()
+
+ /** Return the value in the map entry for the current thread if it exists,
+ * otherwise None.
+ */
+ def currentThreadValue: Option[A] = synchronized {
+ theMap.get(Thread.currentThread)
+ }
+
+ /** Is there a map entry for the current thread? */
+ def currentThreadHasValue: Boolean =
+ ???
+
+ /** Set the map entry of the current thread to `value` and notify any thread
+ * waiting on `waitForall`.
+ */
+ def setCurrentThreadValue(value: A): Unit =
+ ???
+
+ /** Delete the map entry associated with this thread (if it exists) and notify
+ * all threads waiting in `waitForall`.
+ */
+ def deleteCurrentThreadValue(): Unit =
+ ???
+
+ /** Wait until `predicate` returns true for all map entries, then return. */
+ def waitForall(predicate: A => Boolean): Unit =
+ ???
+
+end ThreadMap
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/src/main/scala/concpar21final03/UpdateServer.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/src/main/scala/concpar21final03/UpdateServer.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5bd91a33c5374ecf1fd6bf978c525a5795a53e03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/src/main/scala/concpar21final03/UpdateServer.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+package concpar21final03
+
+import instrumentation.*
+
+class UpdateServer(fs: FileSystem) extends Monitor:
+ val rcu = new RCU
+
+ /** The name of the file containing the latest update.
+ *
+ * This is `@volatile` to guarantee that `fetchUpdate` always sees the latest
+ * filename.
+ */
+ @volatile private var updateFile: Option[FileName] = None
+
+ /** Return the content of the latest update if one is available, otherwise
+ * None.
+ *
+ * This method is thread-safe.
+ */
+ def fetchUpdate(): Option[String] =
+ // TODO: use `rcu`
+ updateFile.map(fs.readFile)
+
+ /** Define a new update, more precisely this will:
+ * - Create a new update file called `newName` with content `newContent`
+ * - Ensure that any future call to `fetchUpdate` returns the new update
+ * content.
+ * - Delete the old update file.
+ *
+ * This method is _NOT_ thread-safe, it cannot be safely called from multiple
+ * threads at once.
+ */
+ def newUpdate(newName: FileName, newContent: String): Unit =
+ // TODO: use `rcu`
+ val oldFile = updateFile
+ fs.createFile(newName, newContent)
+ updateFile = Some(newName)
+ oldFile.foreach(fs.deleteFile)
+
+end UpdateServer
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/src/main/scala/concpar21final03/instrumentation/AtomicLong.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/src/main/scala/concpar21final03/instrumentation/AtomicLong.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..83389517581463c2a6a3895ef9a82611ef723bbe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/src/main/scala/concpar21final03/instrumentation/AtomicLong.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+package concpar21final03.instrumentation
+
+/** A long value that may be updated atomically. */
+class AtomicLong(initial: Long):
+
+ private val atomic = new java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong(initial)
+
+ /** Get the current value. */
+ def get: Long = atomic.get()
+
+ /** Set to the given `value`. */
+ def set(value: Long): Unit = atomic.set(value)
+
+ /** Atomically increment by one the current value and return the _original_
+ * value.
+ */
+ def getAndIncrement(): Long =
+ atomic.getAndIncrement()
+
+ /** Atomically increment by one the current value and return the _updated_
+ * value.
+ */
+ def incrementAndGet(): Long =
+ atomic.incrementAndGet()
+
+ /** Atomically set the value to `newValue` if the current value == `expected`.
+ *
+ * Return true if successful, otherwise return false to indicate that the
+ * actual value was not equal to the expected value.
+ */
+ def compareAndSet(expected: Long, newValue: Long): Boolean =
+ atomic.compareAndSet(expected, newValue)
+
+end AtomicLong
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/src/main/scala/concpar21final03/instrumentation/Monitor.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/src/main/scala/concpar21final03/instrumentation/Monitor.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ac6f6d2b25276a007b75d042ad8a81be7b620c51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/src/main/scala/concpar21final03/instrumentation/Monitor.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+package concpar21final03.instrumentation
+
+class Dummy
+
+trait Monitor:
+ implicit val dummy: Dummy = new Dummy
+
+ def wait()(implicit i: Dummy) = waitDefault()
+
+ def synchronized[T](e: => T)(implicit i: Dummy) = synchronizedDefault(e)
+
+ def notify()(implicit i: Dummy) = notifyDefault()
+
+ def notifyAll()(implicit i: Dummy) = notifyAllDefault()
+
+ private val lock = new AnyRef
+
+ // Can be overridden.
+ def waitDefault(): Unit = lock.wait()
+ def synchronizedDefault[T](toExecute: => T): T = lock.synchronized(toExecute)
+ def notifyDefault(): Unit = lock.notify()
+ def notifyAllDefault(): Unit = lock.notifyAll()
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/src/test/scala/concpar21final03/Problem3Suite.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/src/test/scala/concpar21final03/Problem3Suite.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f4b0b8ff6d8255dafcd3244bd974956adea8a467
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/src/test/scala/concpar21final03/Problem3Suite.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+package concpar21final03
+
+import scala.annotation.tailrec
+import scala.concurrent.*
+import scala.concurrent.duration.*
+import scala.collection.mutable.HashMap
+import scala.util.Random
+import instrumentation.*
+import instrumentation.TestHelper.*
+import instrumentation.TestUtils.*
+
+class Problem3Suite extends munit.FunSuite:
+
+ test("Part 1: ThreadMap (3pts)") {
+ testManySchedules(
+ 4,
+ sched =>
+ val tmap = new SchedulableThreadMap[Int](sched)
+
+ def writeThread(): Unit =
+ tmap.setCurrentThreadValue(0)
+ tmap.setCurrentThreadValue(-1)
+ val readBack = tmap.currentThreadValue
+ assertEquals(readBack, Some(-1))
+
+ def writeAndDeleteThread(): Unit =
+ tmap.setCurrentThreadValue(42)
+ tmap.deleteCurrentThreadValue()
+
+ @tailrec
+ def waitThread(): Unit =
+ tmap.waitForall(_ < 0)
+ val all = tmap.allValues
+ if all != List(-1) then waitThread()
+
+ val threads = List(
+ () => writeThread(),
+ () => writeAndDeleteThread(),
+ () => waitThread(),
+ () => waitThread()
+ )
+
+ (threads, _ => (true, ""))
+ )
+ }
+
+ test("Part 2: RCU (5pts)") {
+ testManySchedules(
+ 3,
+ sched =>
+ val rcu = new SchedulableRCU(sched)
+
+ case class State(
+ value: Int,
+ isDeleted: AtomicLong = SchedulableAtomicLong(0, sched, "isDeleted")
+ )
+
+ val sharedState =
+ SchedulableAtomicReference(State(0), sched, "sharedState")
+
+ def readThread(): Unit =
+ rcu.startRead()
+ val state = sharedState.get
+ val stateWasDeleted = state.isDeleted.get != 0
+ assert(
+ !stateWasDeleted,
+ "RCU shared state deleted in the middle of a read."
+ )
+ rcu.stopRead()
+
+ def writeThread(): Unit =
+ val oldState = sharedState.get
+ sharedState.set(State(oldState.value + 1))
+ rcu.waitForOldReads()
+ oldState.isDeleted.set(1)
+
+ val threads = List(
+ () => readThread(),
+ () => readThread(),
+ () => writeThread()
+ )
+
+ (threads, _ => (true, ""))
+ )
+ }
+
+ test("Part 3: UpdateServer (2pts)") {
+ testManySchedules(
+ 3,
+ sched =>
+ val fs = SchedulableInMemoryFileSystem(sched)
+ val server = new SchedulableUpdateServer(sched, fs)
+
+ def writeThread(): Unit =
+ server.newUpdate("update1.bin", "Update 1")
+ server.newUpdate("update2.bin", "Update 2")
+ assertEquals(fs.fsMap.toSet, Set("update2.bin" -> "Update 2"))
+
+ def fetchThread(): Unit =
+ val res = server.fetchUpdate()
+ assert(
+ List(None, Some("Update 1"), Some("Update 2")).contains(res),
+ s"fetchUpdate returned unexpected value $res"
+ )
+
+ val threads = List(
+ () => writeThread(),
+ () => fetchThread(),
+ () => fetchThread()
+ )
+
+ (threads, _ => (true, ""))
+ )
+ }
+
+ import scala.concurrent.duration.*
+ override val munitTimeout = 200.seconds
+end Problem3Suite
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/src/test/scala/concpar21final03/instrumentation/AtomicReference.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/src/test/scala/concpar21final03/instrumentation/AtomicReference.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..784e02a4f5f197e7a8e1e518e81b267299ae5adc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/src/test/scala/concpar21final03/instrumentation/AtomicReference.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+package concpar21final03.instrumentation
+
+class AtomicReference[T](initial: T):
+
+ private val atomic =
+ new java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference[T](initial)
+
+ def get: T = atomic.get()
+
+ def set(value: T): Unit = atomic.set(value)
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/src/test/scala/concpar21final03/instrumentation/MockedMonitor.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/src/test/scala/concpar21final03/instrumentation/MockedMonitor.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..af27165bc0e22a3f8e9e5940f8ec045b42951ac2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/src/test/scala/concpar21final03/instrumentation/MockedMonitor.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+package concpar21final03.instrumentation
+
+trait MockedMonitor extends Monitor:
+ def scheduler: Scheduler
+
+ // Can be overriden.
+ override def waitDefault() =
+ scheduler.log("wait")
+ scheduler updateThreadState Wait(this, scheduler.threadLocks.tail)
+ override def synchronizedDefault[T](toExecute: => T): T =
+ scheduler.log("synchronized check")
+ val prevLocks = scheduler.threadLocks
+ scheduler updateThreadState Sync(
+ this,
+ prevLocks
+ ) // If this belongs to prevLocks, should just continue.
+ scheduler.log("synchronized -> enter")
+ try toExecute
+ finally
+ scheduler updateThreadState Running(prevLocks)
+ scheduler.log("synchronized -> out")
+ override def notifyDefault() =
+ scheduler mapOtherStates { state =>
+ state match
+ case Wait(lockToAquire, locks) if lockToAquire == this =>
+ SyncUnique(this, state.locks)
+ case e => e
+ }
+ scheduler.log("notify")
+ override def notifyAllDefault() =
+ scheduler mapOtherStates { state =>
+ state match
+ case Wait(lockToAquire, locks) if lockToAquire == this =>
+ Sync(this, state.locks)
+ case SyncUnique(lockToAquire, locks) if lockToAquire == this =>
+ Sync(this, state.locks)
+ case e => e
+ }
+ scheduler.log("notifyAll")
+
+trait LockFreeMonitor extends Monitor:
+ override def waitDefault() =
+ throw new Exception("Please use lock-free structures and do not use wait()")
+ override def synchronizedDefault[T](toExecute: => T): T =
+ throw new Exception(
+ "Please use lock-free structures and do not use synchronized()"
+ )
+ override def notifyDefault() =
+ throw new Exception(
+ "Please use lock-free structures and do not use notify()"
+ )
+ override def notifyAllDefault() =
+ throw new Exception(
+ "Please use lock-free structures and do not use notifyAll()"
+ )
+
+abstract class ThreadState:
+ def locks: Seq[AnyRef]
+trait CanContinueIfAcquiresLock extends ThreadState:
+ def lockToAquire: AnyRef
+case object Start extends ThreadState:
+ def locks: Seq[AnyRef] = Seq.empty
+case object End extends ThreadState:
+ def locks: Seq[AnyRef] = Seq.empty
+case class Wait(lockToAquire: AnyRef, locks: Seq[AnyRef]) extends ThreadState
+case class SyncUnique(lockToAquire: AnyRef, locks: Seq[AnyRef])
+ extends ThreadState
+ with CanContinueIfAcquiresLock
+case class Sync(lockToAquire: AnyRef, locks: Seq[AnyRef])
+ extends ThreadState
+ with CanContinueIfAcquiresLock
+case class Running(locks: Seq[AnyRef]) extends ThreadState
+case class VariableReadWrite(locks: Seq[AnyRef]) extends ThreadState
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/src/test/scala/concpar21final03/instrumentation/Scheduler.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/src/test/scala/concpar21final03/instrumentation/Scheduler.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3a82787deb0703497771f9efd42927a48fb981e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/src/test/scala/concpar21final03/instrumentation/Scheduler.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,318 @@
+package concpar21final03.instrumentation
+
+import java.util.concurrent.*;
+import scala.concurrent.duration.*
+import scala.collection.mutable.*
+import Stats.*
+
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger
+
+sealed abstract class Result
+case class RetVal(rets: List[Any]) extends Result
+case class Except(msg: String, stackTrace: Array[StackTraceElement])
+ extends Result
+case class Timeout(msg: String) extends Result
+
+/** A class that maintains schedule and a set of thread ids. The schedules are
+ * advanced after an operation of a SchedulableBuffer is performed. Note: the
+ * real schedule that is executed may deviate from the input schedule due to
+ * the adjustments that had to be made for locks
+ */
+class Scheduler(sched: List[Int]):
+ val maxOps =
+ 500 // a limit on the maximum number of operations the code is allowed to perform
+
+ private var schedule = sched
+ private var numThreads = 0
+ private val realToFakeThreadId = Map[Long, Int]()
+ private val opLog =
+ ListBuffer[String]() // a mutable list (used for efficient concat)
+ private val threadStates = Map[Int, ThreadState]()
+
+ /** Runs a set of operations in parallel as per the schedule. Each operation
+ * may consist of many primitive operations like reads or writes to shared
+ * data structure each of which should be executed using the function `exec`.
+ * @timeout
+ * in milliseconds
+ * @return
+ * true - all threads completed on time, false -some tests timed out.
+ */
+ def runInParallel(timeout: Long, ops: List[() => Any]): Result =
+ numThreads = ops.length
+ val threadRes = Array.fill(numThreads) { None: Any }
+ var exception: Option[Except] = None
+ val syncObject = new Object()
+ var completed = new AtomicInteger(0)
+ // create threads
+ val threads = ops.zipWithIndex.map { case (op, i) =>
+ new Thread(
+ new Runnable():
+ def run(): Unit =
+ val fakeId = i + 1
+ setThreadId(fakeId)
+ try
+ updateThreadState(Start)
+ val res = op()
+ updateThreadState(End)
+ threadRes(i) = res
+ // notify the master thread if all threads have completed
+ if completed.incrementAndGet() == ops.length then
+ syncObject.synchronized { syncObject.notifyAll() }
+ catch
+ case e: Throwable
+ if exception != None => // do nothing here and silently fail
+ case e: Throwable =>
+ log(s"throw ${e.toString}")
+ exception = Some(
+ Except(
+ s"Thread $fakeId crashed on the following schedule: \n" + opLog
+ .mkString("\n"),
+ e.getStackTrace
+ )
+ )
+ syncObject.synchronized { syncObject.notifyAll() }
+ // println(s"$fakeId: ${e.toString}")
+ // Runtime.getRuntime().halt(0) //exit the JVM and all running threads (no other way to kill other threads)
+ )
+ }
+ // start all threads
+ threads.foreach(_.start())
+ // wait for all threads to complete, or for an exception to be thrown, or for the time out to expire
+ var remTime = timeout
+ syncObject.synchronized {
+ timed { if completed.get() != ops.length then syncObject.wait(timeout) } {
+ time => remTime -= time
+ }
+ }
+ if exception.isDefined then exception.get
+ else if remTime <= 1
+ then // timeout ? using 1 instead of zero to allow for some errors
+ Timeout(opLog.mkString("\n"))
+ else
+ // every thing executed normally
+ RetVal(threadRes.toList)
+
+ // Updates the state of the current thread
+ def updateThreadState(state: ThreadState): Unit =
+ val tid = threadId
+ synchronized {
+ threadStates(tid) = state
+ }
+ state match
+ case Sync(lockToAquire, locks) =>
+ if locks.indexOf(lockToAquire) < 0 then waitForTurn
+ else
+ // Re-aqcuiring the same lock
+ updateThreadState(Running(lockToAquire +: locks))
+ case Start => waitStart()
+ case End => removeFromSchedule(tid)
+ case Running(_) =>
+ case _ => waitForTurn // Wait, SyncUnique, VariableReadWrite
+
+ def waitStart(): Unit =
+ // while (threadStates.size < numThreads) {
+ // Thread.sleep(1)
+ // }
+ synchronized {
+ if threadStates.size < numThreads then wait()
+ else notifyAll()
+ }
+
+ def threadLocks =
+ synchronized {
+ threadStates(threadId).locks
+ }
+
+ def threadState =
+ synchronized {
+ threadStates(threadId)
+ }
+
+ def mapOtherStates(f: ThreadState => ThreadState) =
+ val exception = threadId
+ synchronized {
+ for k <- threadStates.keys if k != exception do
+ threadStates(k) = f(threadStates(k))
+ }
+
+ def log(str: String) =
+ if (realToFakeThreadId contains Thread.currentThread().getId()) then
+ val space = (" " * ((threadId - 1) * 2))
+ val s =
+ space + threadId + ":" + "\n".r.replaceAllIn(str, "\n" + space + " ")
+ opLog += s
+
+ /** Executes a read or write operation to a global data structure as per the
+ * given schedule
+ * @param msg
+ * a message corresponding to the operation that will be logged
+ */
+ def exec[T](
+ primop: => T
+ )(msg: => String, postMsg: => Option[T => String] = None): T =
+ if !(realToFakeThreadId contains Thread.currentThread().getId()) then primop
+ else {
+ updateThreadState(VariableReadWrite(threadLocks))
+ val m = msg
+ if m != "" then log(m)
+ if opLog.size > maxOps then
+ throw new Exception(
+ s"Total number of reads/writes performed by threads exceed $maxOps. A possible deadlock!"
+ )
+ val res = primop
+ postMsg match
+ case Some(m) => log(m(res))
+ case None =>
+ res
+ }
+
+ private def setThreadId(fakeId: Int) = synchronized {
+ realToFakeThreadId(Thread.currentThread.getId) = fakeId
+ }
+
+ def threadId =
+ try realToFakeThreadId(Thread.currentThread().getId())
+ catch
+ case e: NoSuchElementException =>
+ throw new Exception(
+ "You are accessing shared variables in the constructor. This is not allowed. The variables are already initialized!"
+ )
+
+ private def isTurn(tid: Int) = synchronized {
+ (!schedule.isEmpty && schedule.head != tid)
+ }
+
+ def canProceed(): Boolean =
+ val tid = threadId
+ canContinue match
+ case Some((i, state)) if i == tid =>
+ // println(s"$tid: Runs ! Was in state $state")
+ canContinue = None
+ state match
+ case Sync(lockToAquire, locks) =>
+ updateThreadState(Running(lockToAquire +: locks))
+ case SyncUnique(lockToAquire, locks) =>
+ mapOtherStates {
+ _ match
+ case SyncUnique(lockToAquire2, locks2)
+ if lockToAquire2 == lockToAquire =>
+ Wait(lockToAquire2, locks2)
+ case e => e
+ }
+ updateThreadState(Running(lockToAquire +: locks))
+ case VariableReadWrite(locks) => updateThreadState(Running(locks))
+ true
+ case Some((i, state)) =>
+ // println(s"$tid: not my turn but $i !")
+ false
+ case None =>
+ false
+
+ var threadPreference =
+ 0 // In the case the schedule is over, which thread should have the preference to execute.
+
+ /** returns true if the thread can continue to execute, and false otherwise */
+ def decide(): Option[(Int, ThreadState)] =
+ if !threadStates.isEmpty
+ then // The last thread who enters the decision loop takes the decision.
+ // println(s"$threadId: I'm taking a decision")
+ if threadStates.values.forall {
+ case e: Wait => true
+ case _ => false
+ }
+ then
+ val waiting = threadStates.keys.map(_.toString).mkString(", ")
+ val s = if threadStates.size > 1 then "s" else ""
+ val are = if threadStates.size > 1 then "are" else "is"
+ throw new Exception(
+ s"Deadlock: Thread$s $waiting $are waiting but all others have ended and cannot notify them."
+ )
+ else {
+ // Threads can be in Wait, Sync, SyncUnique, and VariableReadWrite mode.
+ // Let's determine which ones can continue.
+ val notFree =
+ threadStates.collect { case (id, state) => state.locks }.flatten.toSet
+ val threadsNotBlocked = threadStates.toSeq.filter {
+ case (id, v: VariableReadWrite) => true
+ case (id, v: CanContinueIfAcquiresLock) =>
+ !notFree(v.lockToAquire) || (v.locks contains v.lockToAquire)
+ case _ => false
+ }
+ if threadsNotBlocked.isEmpty then
+ val waiting = threadStates.keys.map(_.toString).mkString(", ")
+ val s = if threadStates.size > 1 then "s" else ""
+ val are = if threadStates.size > 1 then "are" else "is"
+ val whoHasLock = threadStates.toSeq.flatMap { case (id, state) =>
+ state.locks.map(lock => (lock, id))
+ }.toMap
+ val reason = threadStates
+ .collect {
+ case (id, state: CanContinueIfAcquiresLock)
+ if !notFree(state.lockToAquire) =>
+ s"Thread $id is waiting on lock ${state.lockToAquire} held by thread ${whoHasLock(state.lockToAquire)}"
+ }
+ .mkString("\n")
+ throw new Exception(
+ s"Deadlock: Thread$s $waiting are interlocked. Indeed:\n$reason"
+ )
+ else if threadsNotBlocked.size == 1
+ then // Do not consume the schedule if only one thread can execute.
+ Some(threadsNotBlocked(0))
+ else {
+ val next = schedule.indexWhere(t =>
+ threadsNotBlocked.exists { case (id, state) => id == t }
+ )
+ if next != -1 then
+ // println(s"$threadId: schedule is $schedule, next chosen is ${schedule(next)}")
+ val chosenOne = schedule(
+ next
+ ) // TODO: Make schedule a mutable list.
+ schedule = schedule.take(next) ++ schedule.drop(next + 1)
+ Some((chosenOne, threadStates(chosenOne)))
+ else {
+ threadPreference = (threadPreference + 1) % threadsNotBlocked.size
+ val chosenOne = threadsNotBlocked(
+ threadPreference
+ ) // Maybe another strategy
+ Some(chosenOne)
+ // threadsNotBlocked.indexOf(threadId) >= 0
+ /*
+ val tnb = threadsNotBlocked.map(_._1).mkString(",")
+ val s = if (schedule.isEmpty) "empty" else schedule.mkString(",")
+ val only = if (schedule.isEmpty) "" else " only"
+ throw new Exception(s"The schedule is $s but$only threads ${tnb} can continue")*/
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ else canContinue
+
+ /** This will be called before a schedulable operation begins. This should not
+ * use synchronized
+ */
+ var numThreadsWaiting = new AtomicInteger(0)
+ // var waitingForDecision = Map[Int, Option[Int]]() // Mapping from thread ids to a number indicating who is going to make the choice.
+ var canContinue: Option[(Int, ThreadState)] =
+ None // The result of the decision thread Id of the thread authorized to continue.
+ private def waitForTurn =
+ synchronized {
+ if numThreadsWaiting.incrementAndGet() == threadStates.size then
+ canContinue = decide()
+ notifyAll()
+ // waitingForDecision(threadId) = Some(numThreadsWaiting)
+ // println(s"$threadId Entering waiting with ticket number $numThreadsWaiting/${waitingForDecision.size}")
+ while !canProceed() do wait()
+ }
+ numThreadsWaiting.decrementAndGet()
+
+ /** To be invoked when a thread is about to complete
+ */
+ private def removeFromSchedule(fakeid: Int) = synchronized {
+ // println(s"$fakeid: I'm taking a decision because I finished")
+ schedule = schedule.filterNot(_ == fakeid)
+ threadStates -= fakeid
+ if numThreadsWaiting.get() == threadStates.size then
+ canContinue = decide()
+ notifyAll()
+ }
+
+ def getOperationLog() = opLog
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/src/test/scala/concpar21final03/instrumentation/Stats.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/src/test/scala/concpar21final03/instrumentation/Stats.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..455db032e2ade71dab13037e9ad14144f76b988f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/src/test/scala/concpar21final03/instrumentation/Stats.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+/* Copyright 2009-2015 EPFL, Lausanne */
+package concpar21final03.instrumentation
+
+import java.lang.management.*
+
+/** A collection of methods that can be used to collect run-time statistics
+ * about Leon programs. This is mostly used to test the resources properties of
+ * Leon programs
+ */
+object Stats:
+ def timed[T](code: => T)(cont: Long => Unit): T =
+ var t1 = System.currentTimeMillis()
+ val r = code
+ cont((System.currentTimeMillis() - t1))
+ r
+
+ def withTime[T](code: => T): (T, Long) =
+ var t1 = System.currentTimeMillis()
+ val r = code
+ (r, (System.currentTimeMillis() - t1))
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/src/test/scala/concpar21final03/instrumentation/TestHelper.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/src/test/scala/concpar21final03/instrumentation/TestHelper.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1698dcd39bffa2cabb826b34be05ebf5728ea60d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/src/test/scala/concpar21final03/instrumentation/TestHelper.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+package concpar21final03.instrumentation
+
+import scala.util.Random
+import scala.collection.mutable.{Map as MutableMap}
+
+import Stats.*
+
+object TestHelper:
+ val noOfSchedules = 10000 // set this to 100k during deployment
+ val readWritesPerThread =
+ 20 // maximum number of read/writes possible in one thread
+ val contextSwitchBound = 10
+ val testTimeout = 150 // the total time out for a test in seconds
+ val schedTimeout =
+ 15 // the total time out for execution of a schedule in secs
+
+ // Helpers
+ /*def testManySchedules(op1: => Any): Unit = testManySchedules(List(() => op1))
+ def testManySchedules(op1: => Any, op2: => Any): Unit = testManySchedules(List(() => op1, () => op2))
+ def testManySchedules(op1: => Any, op2: => Any, op3: => Any): Unit = testManySchedules(List(() => op1, () => op2, () => op3))
+ def testManySchedules(op1: => Any, op2: => Any, op3: => Any, op4: => Any): Unit = testManySchedules(List(() => op1, () => op2, () => op3, () => op4))*/
+
+ def testSequential[T](
+ ops: Scheduler => Any
+ )(assertions: T => (Boolean, String)) =
+ testManySchedules(
+ 1,
+ (sched: Scheduler) =>
+ (
+ List(() => ops(sched)),
+ (res: List[Any]) => assertions(res.head.asInstanceOf[T])
+ )
+ )
+
+ /** @numThreads
+ * number of threads
+ * @ops
+ * operations to be executed, one per thread
+ * @assertion
+ * as condition that will executed after all threads have completed
+ * (without exceptions) the arguments are the results of the threads
+ */
+ def testManySchedules(
+ numThreads: Int,
+ ops: Scheduler => (
+ List[() => Any], // Threads
+ List[Any] => (Boolean, String)
+ ) // Assertion
+ ) =
+ var timeout = testTimeout * 1000L
+ val threadIds = (1 to numThreads)
+ // (1 to scheduleLength).flatMap(_ => threadIds).toList.permutations.take(noOfSchedules).foreach {
+ val schedules = (new ScheduleGenerator(numThreads)).schedules()
+ var schedsExplored = 0
+ schedules
+ .takeWhile(_ => schedsExplored <= noOfSchedules && timeout > 0)
+ .foreach {
+ // case _ if timeout <= 0 => // break
+ case schedule =>
+ schedsExplored += 1
+ val schedr = new Scheduler(schedule)
+ // println("Exploring Sched: "+schedule)
+ val (threadOps, assertion) = ops(schedr)
+ if threadOps.size != numThreads then
+ throw new IllegalStateException(
+ s"Number of threads: $numThreads, do not match operations of threads: $threadOps"
+ )
+ timed { schedr.runInParallel(schedTimeout * 1000, threadOps) } { t =>
+ timeout -= t
+ } match
+ case Timeout(msg) =>
+ throw new java.lang.AssertionError(
+ "assertion failed\n" + "The schedule took too long to complete. A possible deadlock! \n" + msg
+ )
+ case Except(msg, stkTrace) =>
+ val traceStr = "Thread Stack trace: \n" + stkTrace
+ .map(" at " + _.toString)
+ .mkString("\n")
+ throw new java.lang.AssertionError(
+ "assertion failed\n" + msg + "\n" + traceStr
+ )
+ case RetVal(threadRes) =>
+ // check the assertion
+ val (success, custom_msg) = assertion(threadRes)
+ if !success then
+ val msg =
+ "The following schedule resulted in wrong results: \n" + custom_msg + "\n" + schedr
+ .getOperationLog()
+ .mkString("\n")
+ throw new java.lang.AssertionError("Assertion failed: " + msg)
+ }
+ if timeout <= 0 then
+ throw new java.lang.AssertionError(
+ "Test took too long to complete! Cannot check all schedules as your code is too slow!"
+ )
+
+ /** A schedule generator that is based on the context bound
+ */
+ class ScheduleGenerator(numThreads: Int):
+ val scheduleLength = readWritesPerThread * numThreads
+ val rands = (1 to scheduleLength).map(i => new Random(0xcafe * i)) // random numbers for choosing a thread at each position
+ def schedules(): LazyList[List[Int]] =
+ var contextSwitches = 0
+ var contexts =
+ List[Int]() // a stack of thread ids in the order of context-switches
+ val remainingOps = MutableMap[Int, Int]()
+ remainingOps ++= (1 to numThreads).map(i =>
+ (i, readWritesPerThread)
+ ) // num ops remaining in each thread
+ val liveThreads = (1 to numThreads).toSeq.toBuffer
+
+ /** Updates remainingOps and liveThreads once a thread is chosen for a
+ * position in the schedule
+ */
+ def updateState(tid: Int): Unit =
+ val remOps = remainingOps(tid)
+ if remOps == 0 then liveThreads -= tid
+ else remainingOps += (tid -> (remOps - 1))
+ val schedule = rands.foldLeft(List[Int]()) {
+ case (acc, r) if contextSwitches < contextSwitchBound =>
+ val tid = liveThreads(r.nextInt(liveThreads.size))
+ contexts match
+ case prev :: tail
+ if prev != tid => // we have a new context switch here
+ contexts +:= tid
+ contextSwitches += 1
+ case prev :: tail =>
+ case _ => // init case
+ contexts +:= tid
+ updateState(tid)
+ acc :+ tid
+ case (
+ acc,
+ _
+ ) => // here context-bound has been reached so complete the schedule without any more context switches
+ if !contexts.isEmpty then
+ contexts = contexts.dropWhile(remainingOps(_) == 0)
+ val tid = contexts match
+ case top :: tail => top
+ case _ =>
+ liveThreads(
+ 0
+ ) // here, there has to be threads that have not even started
+ updateState(tid)
+ acc :+ tid
+ }
+ schedule #:: schedules()
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/src/test/scala/concpar21final03/instrumentation/TestUtils.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/src/test/scala/concpar21final03/instrumentation/TestUtils.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0c9534b81cd3123661c6767df378422fb8a0c959
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/src/test/scala/concpar21final03/instrumentation/TestUtils.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package concpar21final03.instrumentation
+
+import scala.concurrent.*
+import scala.concurrent.duration.*
+import scala.concurrent.ExecutionContext.Implicits.global
+
+object TestUtils:
+ def failsOrTimesOut[T](action: => T): Boolean =
+ val asyncAction = Future {
+ action
+ }
+ try Await.result(asyncAction, 2000.millisecond)
+ catch case _: Throwable => return true
+ return false
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/src/test/scala/concpar21final03/overrides.scala b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/src/test/scala/concpar21final03/overrides.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dd9c8b9a985d04ca38fe169e573a9aee0db86010
--- /dev/null
+++ b/previous-exams/2021-final/concpar21final03/src/test/scala/concpar21final03/overrides.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+package concpar21final03
+
+import instrumentation.*
+
+class SchedulableThreadMap[A](val scheduler: Scheduler)
+ extends ThreadMap[A]
+ with MockedMonitor:
+
+ override def currentThreadHasValue: Boolean = scheduler.exec {
+ super.currentThreadHasValue
+ }("", Some(res => s"currentThreadHasValue is $res"))
+
+ override def currentThreadValue: Option[A] = scheduler.exec {
+ super.currentThreadValue
+ }("", Some(res => s"currentThreadValue is $res"))
+
+ override def setCurrentThreadValue(value: A): Unit = scheduler.exec {
+ super.setCurrentThreadValue(value)
+ }(s"setCurrentThreadValue($value)")
+
+ override def deleteCurrentThreadValue(): Unit = scheduler.exec {
+ super.deleteCurrentThreadValue()
+ }("deleteCurrentThreadValue()")
+
+ override def waitForall(predicate: A => Boolean): Unit = scheduler.exec {
+ super.waitForall(predicate)
+ }("waitForall")
+
+ def allValues: List[A] = synchronized {
+ theMap.values.toList
+ }
+
+end SchedulableThreadMap
+
+class SchedulableRCU(scheduler: Scheduler) extends RCU with LockFreeMonitor:
+ override protected val latestVersion =
+ SchedulableAtomicLong(0, scheduler, "latestVersion")
+ override protected val readersVersion: ThreadMap[Long] = SchedulableThreadMap(
+ scheduler
+ )
+
+class SchedulableInMemoryFileSystem(scheduler: Scheduler)
+ extends InMemoryFileSystem:
+ override def createFile(file: FileName, content: String): Unit =
+ scheduler.exec {
+ super.createFile(file, content)
+ }(s"createFile($file)")
+ override def readFile(file: FileName): String = scheduler.exec {
+ super.readFile(file)
+ }(s"readFile($file)")
+ override def deleteFile(file: FileName): Unit = scheduler.exec {
+ super.deleteFile(file)
+ }(s"deleteFile($file)")
+
+class SchedulableUpdateServer(scheduler: Scheduler, fs: InMemoryFileSystem)
+ extends UpdateServer(fs)
+ with LockFreeMonitor:
+ override val rcu = SchedulableRCU(scheduler)
+
+class SchedulableAtomicLong(initial: Long, scheduler: Scheduler, name: String)
+ extends AtomicLong(initial):
+
+ override def get: Long = scheduler.exec {
+ super.get
+ }(s"", Some(res => s"$name: get $res"))
+
+ override def set(value: Long): Unit = scheduler.exec {
+ super.set(value)
+ }(s"$name: set $value", None)
+
+ override def incrementAndGet(): Long = scheduler.exec {
+ super.incrementAndGet()
+ }(s"", Some(res => s"$name: incrementAndGet $res"))
+
+ override def getAndIncrement(): Long = scheduler.exec {
+ super.getAndIncrement()
+ }(s"", Some(res => s"$name: getandIncrement $res"))
+
+ override def compareAndSet(expected: Long, newValue: Long): Boolean =
+ scheduler.exec {
+ super.compareAndSet(expected, newValue)
+ }(
+ s"$name: compareAndSet(expected = $expected, newValue = $newValue)",
+ Some(res => s"$name: Did it set? $res")
+ )
+
+end SchedulableAtomicLong
+
+class SchedulableAtomicReference[T](
+ initial: T,
+ scheduler: Scheduler,
+ name: String
+) extends AtomicReference(initial):
+ override def get: T = scheduler.exec {
+ super.get
+ }(s"", Some(res => s"$name: get $res"))
+
+ override def set(value: T): Unit = scheduler.exec {
+ super.set(value)
+ }(s"$name: set $value", None)
diff --git a/previous-exams/2021-final/leaderboard.png b/previous-exams/2021-final/leaderboard.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..345da3a6dfb917967344ef7546d41755623336e3
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